CN106769137B - Thermal performance measurement device and thermal performance prediction method of parabolic trough solar collector - Google Patents
Thermal performance measurement device and thermal performance prediction method of parabolic trough solar collector Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能测量装置及热性能预测方法，其测量仪器子系统安装在传热流体循环子系统上或附近，氮气密封子系统连接传热流体循环子系统中换热器(9)的顶部，冷却循环子系统连接传热流体循环子系统中换热器(9)的冷却介质侧的进出口。本发明热性能动态预测方法基于连续测量传热流体出口温度上升过程和下降过程的传热流体进出口温度、体积流量、太阳法向直射辐照度、环境空气温度，以及环境空气速度，通过抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能动态预测模型，采用基于最小二乘类方法的多元线性回归数学方法辨识其中七个待定参数，预测该抛物面槽式太阳能集热器在任一特定的时间、地点、太阳辐照、环境空气温度和传热流体进口温度等工况下的热性能。
A thermal performance measurement device and thermal performance prediction method of a parabolic trough solar collector, the measurement instrument subsystem is installed on or near the heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem, and the nitrogen sealing subsystem is connected to the heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem for heat exchange The cooling circulation subsystem is connected to the inlet and outlet of the cooling medium side of the heat exchanger (9) in the heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem. The thermal performance dynamic prediction method of the present invention is based on continuous measurement of the heat transfer fluid inlet and outlet temperature, volume flow rate, solar normal direct irradiance, ambient air temperature, and ambient air velocity in the process of continuously measuring the temperature rise and fall of the heat transfer fluid outlet, through a paraboloid The dynamic prediction model of the thermal performance of the trough solar collector adopts the multivariate linear regression mathematical method based on the least squares method to identify seven undetermined parameters, and predicts the parabolic trough solar collector at any specific time, place, and sun. Thermal performance under conditions such as irradiation, ambient air temperature, and heat transfer fluid inlet temperature.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能动态测量装置及热性能预测方法。The invention relates to a thermal performance dynamic measurement device and a thermal performance prediction method of a parabolic trough solar heat collector.
背景技术Background technique
抛物面槽式太阳能集热器主要应用于太阳能热发电站，它利用抛物面槽形聚光器围绕位于槽形焦线处的吸热管做一维旋转运动跟踪太阳，使得会聚的太阳直射辐射加热吸热管，再通过流经吸热管的传热流体将热量带出，实现将太阳能转化为热能。抛物面槽式太阳能集热器应用技术的最为重要评价和验收指标是集热器的热性能。目前应用基于实际测量和数学物理预测模型相结合的方法来预测任一工况条件下的集热器热性能被认为是最为可靠和准确的方法。随着2016年9月中国国家能源局第一批太阳能热发电示范项目(包含7个槽式项目，其总装机容量46.4万千瓦)的公布，槽式光热发电的市场将迅速扩大，对热性能预测的需求更加强烈。The parabolic trough solar collector is mainly used in solar thermal power stations. It uses the parabolic trough concentrator to perform a one-dimensional rotational motion around the heat absorbing tube located at the focal line of the trough to track the sun, so that the converging direct solar radiation heats the absorber. The heat pipe, and then the heat is taken out by the heat transfer fluid flowing through the heat absorbing pipe, so as to realize the conversion of solar energy into heat energy. The most important evaluation and acceptance index of parabolic trough solar collector application technology is the thermal performance of the collector. At present, it is considered to be the most reliable and accurate method to predict the thermal performance of the collector under any working condition by combining the method based on actual measurement and mathematical and physical prediction model. With the announcement of the first batch of solar thermal power generation demonstration projects (including 7 trough projects with a total installed capacity of 464,000 kilowatts) announced by the National Energy Administration of China in September 2016, the market for trough solar thermal power generation will expand rapidly. The need for performance prediction is even stronger.
欧洲标准EN12975–2“太阳能热系统与部件–太阳能集热器”提供了一个太阳能集热器热性能的准动态预测方法及测量装置，其准动态预测模型是基于太阳能集热器输出功率的最小误差分析建立的。但是，这个标准所提供的入射角修正因子的具体函数表达形式仅仅适用于平板型太阳能集热器，而非针对于抛物面槽式太阳能集热器。而且，该标准只考虑了集热器温度上升过程的测量，并要求测量过程中集热器传热流体进口温度稳定在±1℃。该标准对太阳散射辐照项的考虑反而对具有高聚光比的槽式集热器的热性能预测带来不确定性。此外，该标准所示意的测量装置是针对以低温水为传热介质的集热器，而末给出针对高温高压的抛物面槽式太阳能集热器的测量装置。因此，对于具有更高工作温度和更为复杂光学效应的抛物面槽式太阳能集热器而言，需要一种能够适用于现场变化条件的热性能动态测量装置及预测方法。The European standard EN12975–2 "Solar thermal systems and components - solar collectors" provides a quasi-dynamic prediction method and measurement device for the thermal performance of solar collectors. The quasi-dynamic prediction model is based on the minimum output power of solar collectors Error analysis was established. However, the specific functional expression of the incident angle correction factor provided by this standard is only applicable to flat-plate solar collectors, not to parabolic trough solar collectors. Moreover, this standard only considers the measurement of the temperature rise process of the collector, and requires that the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid of the collector is stabilized at ±1°C during the measurement process. The standard's consideration of solar diffuse irradiance instead brings uncertainty to the thermal performance prediction of trough collectors with high concentration ratios. In addition, the measurement device shown in this standard is for the collector with low-temperature water as the heat transfer medium, and the measurement device for the high-temperature and high-pressure parabolic trough solar collector is not given. Therefore, for parabolic trough solar collectors with higher operating temperature and more complex optical effects, a dynamic measurement device and prediction method for thermal performance that can be adapted to field changing conditions is needed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是弥补现有热性能测量装置及预测方法技术只针对低倍/非聚光低温太阳能集热器的不足，提出一种适用于具有高温高倍聚光特性的抛物面槽式太阳能集热器的热性能动态测量装置及预测方法。本发明应用于使用非相变传热流体的抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能的动态预测。The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the shortcomings of the existing thermal performance measuring device and prediction method technology only for low-power/non-concentrating low-temperature solar collectors, and propose a parabolic trough solar collector suitable for high-temperature and high-power concentrating characteristics A dynamic measurement device and prediction method for thermal performance of a device. The invention is applied to the dynamic prediction of the thermal performance of a parabolic trough solar heat collector using a non-phase-change heat transfer fluid.
在实际运行过程中，传热流体为液体，可以是导热油、熔融盐或水等，没有相变发生。本发明装置适用于室外现场工作条件，利用槽式集热器跟踪聚光和集热器采光口背向太阳两种工况，连续测量集热器运行参数变化过程中的关键物理量：传热流体进口温度、传热流体出口温度、传热流体的体积流量、太阳法向直射辐照度(DNI)、以及环境空气温度和环境空气速度等。In the actual operation process, the heat transfer fluid is a liquid, which can be heat transfer oil, molten salt or water, etc., and no phase change occurs. The device of the present invention is suitable for outdoor field working conditions. The trough collector is used to track the light and the daylight opening of the collector is facing away from the sun. The key physical quantity in the process of changing the operating parameters of the collector is continuously measured: the heat transfer fluid Inlet temperature, heat transfer fluid outlet temperature, volumetric flow rate of heat transfer fluid, solar normal irradiance (DNI), and ambient air temperature and ambient air velocity, etc.
本发明抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能动态测量装置，采用闭式循环系统，由以下四个子系统组成：测量仪器子系统、传热流体循环子系统、氮气密封子系统主和冷却循环子系统。测量仪器子系统的测量设备安装在传热流体循环子系统上或附近，氮气密封子系统连接传热流体循环子系统中换热器的顶部，冷却循环子系统连接传热流体循环子系统中换热器的冷却介质侧的进出口。The thermal performance dynamic measuring device of the parabolic trough solar heat collector of the present invention adopts a closed circulation system and is composed of the following four subsystems: measuring instrument subsystem, heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem, nitrogen sealing subsystem main and cooling circulation subsystem . The measuring equipment of the measuring instrument subsystem is installed on or near the heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem, the nitrogen gas sealing subsystem is connected to the top of the heat exchanger in the heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem, and the cooling circulation subsystem is connected to the heat exchanger in the heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem. The inlet and outlet of the cooling medium side of the heater.
传热流体循环子系统包括换热器、过滤器、循环泵、流量控制阀和槽式集热器。换热器的传热流体侧出口通过管路与过滤器的一侧连接，过滤器的另一侧通过管路与循环泵的进口连接，循环泵的出口通过管路与流量控制阀的一侧连接，流量控制阀的另一侧通过管路与槽式集热器的进口连接，槽式集热器的出口通过管路与换热器的传热流体侧进口连接。The heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem includes heat exchangers, filters, circulation pumps, flow control valves and trough collectors. The outlet of the heat transfer fluid side of the heat exchanger is connected to one side of the filter through a pipeline, the other side of the filter is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump through a pipeline, and the outlet of the circulation pump is connected to one side of the flow control valve through a pipeline The other side of the flow control valve is connected to the inlet of the trough collector through a pipeline, and the outlet of the trough collector is connected to the inlet of the heat transfer fluid side of the heat exchanger through a pipeline.
测量仪器子系统包括便携式镜面反射率测定仪、集热器进口温度传感器、集热器出口温度传感器、流量计、直接日射表及太阳跟踪器、环境空气温度传感器和风速仪。便携式镜面反射率测定仪测量时放在槽式集热器的反射镜上，集热器进口温度传感器安装在接近槽式集热器进口1m内的管路上，集热器出口温度传感器安装在接近槽式集热器出口1m内的管路上，流量计安装在槽式集热器进口与流量控制阀之间的管路上，直接日射表及太阳跟踪器、环境空气温度传感器和风速仪均安装在槽式集热器附近。The measuring instrument subsystem includes portable specular reflectance measuring instrument, collector inlet temperature sensor, collector outlet temperature sensor, flow meter, pyrheliometer and sun tracker, ambient air temperature sensor and anemometer. The portable mirror reflectance measuring instrument is placed on the reflector of the trough collector when measuring, the collector inlet temperature sensor is installed on the pipeline within 1m close to the trough collector inlet, and the collector outlet temperature sensor is installed near On the pipeline within 1m of the outlet of the trough collector, the flowmeter is installed on the pipeline between the inlet of the trough collector and the flow control valve, and the direct pyrheliometer, solar tracker, ambient air temperature sensor and anemometer are installed on Near the trough collector.
氮气密封子系统包括膨胀罐、氮气呼吸阀和氮气瓶。膨胀罐的底部通过管路与换热器的顶部连接，膨胀罐的顶部通过管路与氮气呼吸阀的一侧连接，氮气呼吸阀的另一侧通过管路与氮气瓶连接。The nitrogen sealing subsystem includes an expansion tank, a nitrogen breathing valve and a nitrogen cylinder. The bottom of the expansion tank is connected to the top of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, the top of the expansion tank is connected to one side of the nitrogen breathing valve through a pipeline, and the other side of the nitrogen breathing valve is connected to a nitrogen cylinder through a pipeline.
冷却循环子系统可根据现场实际需要采用水冷或者空冷形式的冷却装置，其进口通过管路与换热器的冷却介质侧出口连接，其出口通过管路与换热器的冷却介质侧进口连接。The cooling cycle subsystem can adopt water-cooled or air-cooled cooling device according to the actual needs of the site. Its inlet is connected to the cooling medium side outlet of the heat exchanger through pipelines, and its outlet is connected to the cooling medium side inlet of the heat exchanger through pipelines.
本发明的热性能动态预测方法基于所述测量装置连续测量传热流体出口温度上升过程和下降过程的传热流体进出口温度、体积流量、太阳法向直射辐照度、环境空气温度、环境空气速度等，通过抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能动态预测模型，采用基于最小二乘类方法的多元线性回归数学方法辨识其中七个待定参数。一旦这七个待定参数被有效回归，使用所述的动态预测模型可以预测该槽式集热器在其他工况条件，即任一特定的时间、地点、太阳辐照、环境空气温度和传热流体进口温度等工况下的热性能。The thermal performance dynamic prediction method of the present invention is based on the continuous measurement of the heat transfer fluid inlet and outlet temperature, volume flow rate, solar normal direct irradiance, ambient air temperature, ambient air Speed, etc. Through the dynamic prediction model of the thermal performance of the parabolic trough solar collector, the seven undetermined parameters are identified by the multiple linear regression mathematical method based on the least square method. Once these seven undetermined parameters are effectively regressed, the dynamic prediction model can be used to predict the performance of the trough collector in other working conditions, that is, any specific time, location, solar radiation, ambient air temperature and heat transfer Thermal performance at operating conditions such as fluid inlet temperature.
本发明方法步骤如下：The inventive method step is as follows:
测量前，清洗槽式集热器的槽形反射器表面和真空管型吸热管的玻璃透光罩管表面，确认测量装置的工作温度范围能够满足传热流体的工作温度范围，并且完成调试待机。Before measurement, clean the surface of the trough reflector of the trough collector and the surface of the glass translucent cover tube of the vacuum tube heat absorber, confirm that the working temperature range of the measuring device can meet the working temperature range of the heat transfer fluid, and complete the commissioning standby .
步骤1，首先使用便携式镜面反射率测定仪测定槽式集热器的槽形反射器的反射率。Step 1, first use a portable specular reflectance measuring instrument to measure the reflectivity of the trough reflector of the trough collector.
步骤2，传热流体从换热器流出，经过过滤器进入循环泵，开启循环泵，以使传热流体流经槽式集热器,并且流回到所述的换热器。根据测量所需的传热流体流量值设置流量调节控制阀，并根据流量计测量得到流量修正流量调节控制阀直至满足需要。开启冷却循环子系统，让冷却介质进入换热器带走热量，以使传热流体接近环境温度或需要的特定温度。使槽式集热器处于跟踪聚光状态，这时传热流体出口温度上升过程开始。由于传热流体因温度上升而膨胀，部分传热流体进入膨胀罐，在所述的膨胀罐的下部为传热流体，上部为高压氮气，氮气压力的大小通过氮气呼吸阀调节，并由连接的氮气瓶提供氮气源，以保证传热流体不发生相变。根据传热流体循环子系统冷却量的要求设置冷却循环子系统，以保证槽式集热器升温测量期间，传热流体进口温度上升速率应不大于2.5℃/min。Step 2, the heat transfer fluid flows out of the heat exchanger, passes through the filter and enters the circulation pump, and the circulation pump is turned on so that the heat transfer fluid flows through the trough heat collector and returns to the heat exchanger. Set the flow adjustment control valve according to the flow value of the heat transfer fluid required for measurement, and correct the flow adjustment control valve according to the flow measured by the flow meter until it meets the requirements. Turn on the cooling circulation subsystem, let the cooling medium enter the heat exchanger to take away heat, so that the heat transfer fluid is close to the ambient temperature or the specific temperature required. The trough collector is in the state of tracking and concentrating, and at this time the process of temperature rise at the outlet of the heat transfer fluid begins. As the heat transfer fluid expands due to temperature rise, part of the heat transfer fluid enters the expansion tank. The lower part of the expansion tank is the heat transfer fluid, and the upper part is high-pressure nitrogen. The nitrogen pressure is adjusted by the nitrogen breathing valve and is connected by The nitrogen cylinder provides a source of nitrogen to ensure that the heat transfer fluid does not change phase. The cooling circulation subsystem is set according to the cooling capacity of the heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem to ensure that the temperature rise rate of the heat transfer fluid inlet should not exceed 2.5°C/min during the temperature rise measurement of the trough collector.
步骤3，连续测量并记录传热流体进口温度上升过程中的以下物理量：集热器进口温度传感器测量传热流体进口温度，集热器出口温度传感器测量的传热流体出口温度，流量计测量的传热流体的体积流量，直接日射表及太阳跟踪器测量的太阳法向直射辐照度，环境空气温度传感器测量的环境空气温度，风速仪测量的环境空气速度。当传热流体出口温度达到槽式集热器工作温度范围的上限时，停止槽式集热器跟踪，完成一次升温测量。Step 3, continuously measure and record the following physical quantities during the temperature rise of the heat transfer fluid inlet: the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid measured by the collector inlet temperature sensor, the heat transfer fluid outlet temperature measured by the collector outlet temperature sensor, and the temperature measured by the flow meter Volumetric flow rate of heat transfer fluid, direct solar irradiance measured by pyrheliometers and solar trackers, ambient air temperature measured by ambient air temperature sensors, and ambient air velocity measured by anemometers. When the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid reaches the upper limit of the working temperature range of the trough collector, the tracking of the trough collector is stopped to complete a temperature rise measurement.
步骤4，调整槽式集热器的采光口背向太阳，这时传热流体出口温度下降过程开始，继续连续测量并记录和步骤3相同的物理量，当传热流体出口温度接近升温测量开始时的温度时，完成一次降温测量。动态测量期间，需要满足的测量条件要求见表1。所有连续测量数据的时间间隔应不大于5s，有效测量的总时间应不小于4h，升温测量和降温测量完成次数均应不小于3次。集热器升温测量中，在集热器工作温度范围内传热流体进口温度上升应不小于100℃。升温测量的初始传热流体出口温度和降温测量的结束传热流体出口温度之差应不大于10℃；升温测量的结束传热流体出口温度和降温测量的初始传热流体出口温度之差应不大于10℃。Step 4, adjust the daylight opening of the trough collector to face away from the sun, at this time the heat transfer fluid outlet temperature drop process begins, continue to continuously measure and record the same physical quantity as step 3, when the heat transfer fluid outlet temperature is close to the temperature rise measurement starts When the temperature is , a cooling measurement is completed. During the dynamic measurement, the measurement conditions that need to be met are shown in Table 1. The time interval of all continuous measurement data shall not be greater than 5s, the total time of effective measurement shall not be less than 4h, and the number of completions of temperature rise measurement and temperature drop measurement shall not be less than 3 times. In the temperature rise measurement of the collector, the temperature rise of the inlet of the heat transfer fluid within the working temperature range of the collector should not be less than 100°C. The difference between the initial heat transfer fluid outlet temperature of the temperature rise measurement and the end heat transfer fluid outlet temperature of the temperature drop measurement shall not exceed 10°C; the difference between the end heat transfer fluid outlet temperature of the temperature rise measurement and the initial heat transfer fluid outlet temperature of the temperature drop measurement shall not exceed Greater than 10°C.
表1动态测量期间测量条件要求Table 1 Measurement condition requirements during dynamic measurement
步骤5，测量完成后，根据所得数据预测抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能，预测计算分析方法是本发明的重要部分，其数学物理模型如下：Step 5, after the measurement is completed, predict the thermal performance of the parabolic trough solar collector according to the obtained data, the prediction calculation analysis method is an important part of the present invention, and its mathematical physical model is as follows:
抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能动态预测模型的表达形式为：The expression form of the dynamic prediction model for the thermal performance of the parabolic trough solar collector is:
式中：In the formula:
te测量的传热流体出口温度，单位：℃；ti测量的传热流体进口温度，单位：℃；The outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid measured by t e , unit: °C; the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid measured by t i , unit: °C;
Geni考虑余弦损失、端部损失和传热流体经集热器时太阳辐照度变化影响的一个有效均化的太阳直射辐照度，其函数表达关系见公式(2)，单位：W/m2，θ入射角，即直射太阳光线与集热器采光平面法线之间形成的夹角，单位：°，ta环境空气温度，单位：℃，τ时间，单位：s；e0、e1、e2、a、b、c、d为七个待辨识的参数。 Geni is an effective homogenized direct solar irradiance that considers the cosine loss, end loss and solar irradiance changes when the heat transfer fluid passes through the collector. The function expression relationship is shown in formula (2), and the unit is W/ m 2 , θ incident angle, that is, the angle formed between the direct sunlight and the normal of the collector’s daylighting plane, unit: °, t a ambient air temperature, unit: ℃, τ time, unit: s; e 0 , e 1 , e 2 , a, b, c, d are seven parameters to be identified.
式中：τi传热流体进口温度测量记录时间，单位：s，τp传热流体从集热器进口到出口的流动时间，单位：s，ρr槽形反射器的反射率，GDN测量的太阳法向直射辐照度(DNI)，单位：W/m2；τs测量数据的采集时间间隔，单位：s，f槽式集热器抛物面的焦距，单位：m，L槽式集热器的长度，单位：m，p抛物面槽式金属吸热管沿传热流体流动方向划分的p个等长区域，等于τp/τs。In the formula: τ i heat transfer fluid inlet temperature measurement recording time, unit: s, τ p flow time of heat transfer fluid from collector inlet to outlet, unit: s, ρ r reflectivity of trough reflector, G DN Measured solar normal direct irradiance (DNI), unit: W/m 2 ; τ s measurement data acquisition time interval, unit: s, f focal length of the trough collector paraboloid, unit: m, L trough The length of the heat collector, unit: m, p equal-length areas divided by the parabolic trough metal heat absorbing tube along the flow direction of the heat transfer fluid, equal to τ p /τ s .
基于所述升温测量和降温测量过程中测量的物理量，抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能动态预测模型采用基于最小二乘类方法的多元线性回归数学方法辨识其中七个待定参数，要求回归的判定系数应不小于0.85。一旦这七个待定参数被有效回归，使用所述的动态预测模型可以预测该槽式集热器在其他工况条件，即任一特定的时间、地点、太阳辐照、环境温度和传热流体进口温度下的热性能。在结果表达时，提供测量过程中传热流体的体积流量和环境空气速度，用以明确动态预测模型中的参数是由某一具体条件下测量出的数据回归得到的。Based on the physical quantities measured during the temperature rise measurement and temperature drop measurement process, the dynamic prediction model of the thermal performance of the parabolic trough solar collector adopts the multivariate linear regression mathematical method based on the least square method to identify seven undetermined parameters, and the determination of the regression is required The coefficient should not be less than 0.85. Once these seven undetermined parameters are effectively regressed, the dynamic prediction model can be used to predict the trough collector in other working conditions, that is, any specific time, place, solar radiation, ambient temperature and heat transfer fluid Thermal performance at inlet temperature. When expressing the results, the volume flow rate of the heat transfer fluid and the ambient air velocity during the measurement process are provided to clarify that the parameters in the dynamic prediction model are obtained by regressing the data measured under a specific condition.
本发明的预测模型中各参数的物理意义明确，测量装置可长期在槽式集热器自有操作状态下对预测模型所需的物理量进行连续测量，简单易行，适合野外现场工作条件，对槽式集热器的原控制操作系统完全兼容，成本低。The physical meaning of each parameter in the prediction model of the present invention is clear, and the measurement device can continuously measure the physical quantities required by the prediction model under the self-operating state of the trough collector for a long time, which is simple and easy, and is suitable for field working conditions. The original control operating system of the trough collector is fully compatible, and the cost is low.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能动态测量装置示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic measurement device for the thermal performance of a parabolic trough solar collector.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图和具体实施方式进一步说明本发明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，本发明抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能动态测量装置，采用闭式循环系统，由以下四个子系统组成：测量仪器子系统、传热流体循环子系统、氮气密封子系统主和冷却循环子系统。测量仪器子系统的测量设备安装在传热流体循环子系统上或附近，氮气密封子系统连接传热流体循环子系统中换热器9的顶部，冷却循环子系统连接传热流体循环子系统中换热器9的冷却介质侧的进出口。As shown in Figure 1, the thermal performance dynamic measurement device of parabolic trough solar collector of the present invention adopts a closed circulation system and is composed of the following four subsystems: measuring instrument subsystem, heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem, and nitrogen sealing subsystem Main and cooling circulation subsystems. The measuring equipment of the measuring instrument subsystem is installed on or near the heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem, the nitrogen gas sealing subsystem is connected to the top of the heat exchanger 9 in the heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem, and the cooling circulation subsystem is connected to the heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem The inlet and outlet of the cooling medium side of the heat exchanger 9 .
传热流体循环子系统包括换热器9、过滤器11、循环泵12、流量控制阀13和槽式集热器1。换热器9的传热流体侧出口通过管路与过滤器11的一侧连接，过滤器11的另一侧通过管路与循环泵12的进口连接，循环泵12的出口通过管路与流量控制阀13的一侧连接，流量控制阀13的另一侧通过管路与槽式集热器1的进口连接，槽式集热器1的出口通过管路与换热器9的传热流体侧进口连接。The heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem includes a heat exchanger 9 , a filter 11 , a circulation pump 12 , a flow control valve 13 and a trough collector 1 . The heat transfer fluid side outlet of the heat exchanger 9 is connected to one side of the filter 11 through a pipeline, and the other side of the filter 11 is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump 12 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the circulation pump 12 is connected to the flow rate through the pipeline. One side of the control valve 13 is connected, the other side of the flow control valve 13 is connected to the inlet of the trough collector 1 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the trough collector 1 is connected to the heat transfer fluid of the heat exchanger 9 through a pipeline. Side inlet connection.
测量仪器子系统包括便携式镜面反射率测定仪8、集热器进口温度传感器2、集热器出口温度传感器3、流量计4、直接日射表及太阳跟踪器5、环境空气温度传感器6和风速仪7。便携式镜面反射率测定仪8测量时放在槽式集热器1的反射镜上，集热器进口温度传感器2安装在接近槽式集热器1进口1m内的管路上，集热器出口温度传感器3安装在接近槽式集热器1出口1m内的管路上，流量计4安装在槽式集热器1进口与流量控制阀13之间的管路上，直接日射表及太阳跟踪器5、环境空气温度传感器6和风速仪7均安装在槽式集热器1附近。The measuring instrument subsystem includes a portable specular reflectance measuring instrument 8, a collector inlet temperature sensor 2, a collector outlet temperature sensor 3, a flow meter 4, a pyrheliometer and a sun tracker 5, an ambient air temperature sensor 6 and an anemometer 7. The portable specular reflectance measuring instrument 8 is placed on the reflector of the trough collector 1 during measurement, the collector inlet temperature sensor 2 is installed on the pipeline within 1m close to the inlet of the trough collector 1, and the collector outlet temperature The sensor 3 is installed on the pipeline within 1m close to the outlet of the trough collector 1, the flow meter 4 is installed on the pipeline between the inlet of the trough collector 1 and the flow control valve 13, the direct pyrheliometer and the sun tracker 5, The ambient air temperature sensor 6 and the anemometer 7 are installed near the trough collector 1 .
氮气密封子系统包括膨胀罐10、氮气呼吸阀14和氮气瓶15。膨胀罐10的底部通过管路与换热器9的顶部连接，膨胀罐10的顶部通过管路与氮气呼吸阀14的一侧连接，氮气呼吸阀14的另一侧通过管路与氮气瓶15连接。The nitrogen sealing subsystem includes an expansion tank 10 , a nitrogen breathing valve 14 and a nitrogen cylinder 15 . The bottom of the expansion tank 10 is connected to the top of the heat exchanger 9 through a pipeline, the top of the expansion tank 10 is connected to one side of the nitrogen breathing valve 14 through a pipeline, and the other side of the nitrogen breathing valve 14 is connected to the nitrogen cylinder 15 through a pipeline. connect.
冷却循环子系统16可根据现场实际需要采用水冷或者空冷形式的冷却装置，其进口通过管路与换热器9的冷却介质侧出口连接，其出口通过管路与换热器9的冷却介质侧进口连接。The cooling cycle subsystem 16 can adopt water-cooled or air-cooled cooling device according to the actual needs of the site, its inlet is connected to the outlet of the cooling medium side of the heat exchanger 9 through a pipeline, and its outlet is connected to the cooling medium side of the heat exchanger 9 through a pipeline. import connection.
本发明的热性能动态预测方法基于所述测量装置，连续测量传热流体出口温度上升过程和下降过程的传热流体进出口温度、体积流量、太阳法向直射辐照度、环境空气温度、环境空气速度等，通过抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能动态预测模型，采用基于最小二乘类方法的多元线性回归数学方法辨识其中七个待定参数。一旦这七个待定参数被有效回归，使用所述的动态预测模型可以预测该槽式集热器在其他工况条件，即任一特定的时间、地点、太阳辐照、环境空气温度和传热流体进口温度等工况下的热性能。The thermal performance dynamic prediction method of the present invention is based on the measuring device, and continuously measures the heat transfer fluid inlet and outlet temperature, volume flow rate, solar normal direct irradiance, ambient air temperature, environmental Air velocity, etc., through the dynamic prediction model of the thermal performance of the parabolic trough solar collector, the seven undetermined parameters are identified by the multiple linear regression mathematical method based on the least squares method. Once these seven undetermined parameters are effectively regressed, the dynamic prediction model can be used to predict the performance of the trough collector in other working conditions, that is, any specific time, location, solar radiation, ambient air temperature and heat transfer Thermal performance at operating conditions such as fluid inlet temperature.
具体步骤如下：Specific steps are as follows:
本发明热性能动态测量过程包括升温测量和降温测量。升温测量为集热器跟踪聚光工况下的传热流体出口温度上升过程的连续测量；降温测量为调整集热器采光口背向太阳工况下的传热流体出口温度下降过程的连续测量。The thermal performance dynamic measurement process of the present invention includes temperature rise measurement and temperature drop measurement. The temperature rise measurement is the continuous measurement of the heat transfer fluid outlet temperature rise process under the condition of the collector tracking the concentrating light; the temperature drop measurement is the continuous measurement of the heat transfer fluid outlet temperature drop process under the condition that the collector daylighting port faces away from the sun .
测量前，清洗槽式集热器1的槽形反射器表面和真空管型吸热管的玻璃透光罩管表面，确认测量装置的工作温度范围能够满足传热流体的工作温度范围，并且完成调试待机。Before the measurement, clean the surface of the trough reflector of the trough collector 1 and the surface of the glass translucent cover tube of the vacuum tube heat absorber, confirm that the working temperature range of the measuring device can meet the working temperature range of the heat transfer fluid, and complete the debugging standby.
步骤1，首先使用便携式镜面反射率测定仪8测定槽式集热器1的槽形反射器的反射率，沿着传热流体流动方向，每10m长度的槽式集热器至少安排一个反射率测量点，反射率ρr为这些测量点的反射率的平均值。Step 1, first use the portable specular reflectance measuring instrument 8 to measure the reflectance of the trough reflector of the trough collector 1, and arrange at least one reflectance for every 10m length of the trough collector along the flow direction of the heat transfer fluid The reflectance ρ r is the average value of the reflectance of these measuring points.
步骤2，传热流体从换热器9流出，经过过滤器11进入循环泵12，开启循环泵12，以使传热流体流经槽式集热器1,并且流回到所述的换热器9。根据测量所需的传热流体流量值设置流量调节控制阀13，并根据流量计4测量得到流量修正流量调节控制阀13直至满足需要。开启冷却循环子系统16，让冷却介质进入换热器9带走热量，以使传热流体接近环境温度或需要的特定温度。使槽式集热器1处于跟踪聚光状态，这时传热流体出口温度上升过程开始。由于传热流体因温度上升而膨胀，部分传热流体进入膨胀罐10，在所述的膨胀罐10的下部为传热流体，上部为高压氮气，氮气压力的大小通过氮气呼吸阀14调节，并由连接的氮气瓶15提供氮气源，以保证传热流体不发生相变。根据传热流体循环子系统冷却量的要求设置冷却循环子系统16，以保证槽式集热器升温测量期间，传热流体进口温度上升速率应不大于2.5℃/min。Step 2, the heat transfer fluid flows out from the heat exchanger 9, enters the circulation pump 12 through the filter 11, and turns on the circulation pump 12 so that the heat transfer fluid flows through the trough heat collector 1 and returns to the heat exchange Device 9. Set the flow regulating control valve 13 according to the flow value of the heat transfer fluid required for measurement, and correct the flow regulating control valve 13 according to the flow measured by the flow meter 4 until it meets the requirement. Turn on the cooling circulation subsystem 16 to allow the cooling medium to enter the heat exchanger 9 to take away heat, so that the heat transfer fluid is close to the ambient temperature or the required specific temperature. Make the trough heat collector 1 in the state of tracking and concentrating light, and at this moment, the temperature rise process at the outlet of the heat transfer fluid begins. Due to the expansion of the heat transfer fluid due to the temperature rise, part of the heat transfer fluid enters the expansion tank 10. The lower part of the expansion tank 10 is the heat transfer fluid, and the upper part is high-pressure nitrogen. The nitrogen pressure is regulated by the nitrogen breathing valve 14, and The nitrogen source is provided by the connected nitrogen cylinder 15 to ensure that the phase change of the heat transfer fluid does not occur. The cooling circulation subsystem 16 is set according to the cooling capacity of the heat transfer fluid circulation subsystem, so as to ensure that the temperature rise rate of the heat transfer fluid inlet should not be greater than 2.5°C/min during the temperature rise measurement of the trough collector.
步骤3，连续测量并记录传热流体进口温度上升过程中的以下物理量：集热器进口温度传感器2测量传热流体进口温度ti，集热器出口温度传感器3测量的传热流体出口温度te，流量计4测量的传热流体的体积流量V，直接日射表及太阳跟踪器5测量的太阳法向直射辐照度GDN，环境空气温度传感器6测量的环境空气温度ta，风速仪7测量的环境空气速度。当传热流体出口温度达到槽式集热器工作温度范围的上限时，停止槽式集热器跟踪，完成一次升温测量。Step 3, continuously measure and record the following physical quantities during the temperature rise of the heat transfer fluid inlet: the heat transfer fluid inlet temperature t i measured by the collector inlet temperature sensor 2, and the heat transfer fluid outlet temperature t measured by the heat collector outlet temperature sensor 3 e , the volume flow rate V of the heat transfer fluid measured by the flowmeter 4, the solar normal direct irradiance G DN measured by the pyrheliometer and the sun tracker 5, the ambient air temperature t a measured by the ambient air temperature sensor 6, and the anemometer 7 Measured ambient air velocity. When the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid reaches the upper limit of the working temperature range of the trough collector, the tracking of the trough collector is stopped to complete a temperature rise measurement.
步骤4，调整槽式集热器1的采光口背向太阳，这时传热流体出口温度下降过程开始，继续连续测量并记录和步骤3相同的物理量，当传热流体出口温度接近升温测量开始时的温度时，完成一次降温测量。Step 4: Adjust the daylight opening of the trough collector 1 to face away from the sun. At this time, the heat transfer fluid outlet temperature drop process begins. Continue to continuously measure and record the same physical quantities as in step 3. When the heat transfer fluid outlet temperature is close to the temperature rise measurement starts When the temperature of time is reached, a cooling measurement is completed.
动态测量期间，需要满足的测量条件要求见表1。所有连续测量数据的时间间隔应不大于5s，有效测量的总时间应不小于4h，升温测量和降温测量的次数均应不小于3次。集热器升温测量中，在集热器工作温度范围内传热流体进口温度上升应不小于100℃。升温测量的初始传热流体出口温度和降温测量的结束传热流体出口温度之差应不大于10℃；升温测量的结束传热流体出口温度和降温测量的初始传热流体出口温度之差应不大于10℃。During the dynamic measurement, the measurement conditions that need to be met are shown in Table 1. The time interval of all continuous measurement data shall not be greater than 5s, the total time of effective measurement shall not be less than 4h, and the times of temperature rise measurement and temperature drop measurement shall not be less than 3 times. In the temperature rise measurement of the collector, the temperature rise of the inlet of the heat transfer fluid within the working temperature range of the collector should not be less than 100°C. The difference between the initial heat transfer fluid outlet temperature of the temperature rise measurement and the end heat transfer fluid outlet temperature of the temperature drop measurement shall not exceed 10°C; the difference between the end heat transfer fluid outlet temperature of the temperature rise measurement and the initial heat transfer fluid outlet temperature of the temperature drop measurement shall not exceed Greater than 10°C.
表1动态测量期间测量条件要求Table 1 Measurement condition requirements during dynamic measurement
步骤5，测量完成后，根据所得数据预测抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能，计算过程如下：Step 5. After the measurement is completed, predict the thermal performance of the parabolic trough solar collector based on the obtained data. The calculation process is as follows:
抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能动态预测模型的表达形式为：The expression form of the dynamic prediction model for the thermal performance of the parabolic trough solar collector is:
式中：In the formula:
te测量的传热流体出口温度，单位℃，ti测量的传热流体进口温度，单位：℃，t e measured heat transfer fluid outlet temperature, unit: ℃, t i measured heat transfer fluid inlet temperature, unit: ℃,
Geni考虑余弦损失、端部损失和传热流体经集热器时太阳辐照度变化影响的一个有效均化的太阳直射辐照度，其函数表达关系见公式(2)，单位：W/m2，θ入射角，即直射太阳光线与集热器采光平面法线之间形成的夹角，单位：°，ta环境空气温度，单位：℃，τ时间，单位：s，e0、e1、e2、a、b、c、d为七个待辨识的参数。 Geni is an effective homogenized direct solar irradiance that considers the cosine loss, end loss and solar irradiance changes when the heat transfer fluid passes through the collector. The function expression relationship is shown in formula (2), and the unit is W/ m 2 , θ incident angle, that is, the angle formed between the direct sunlight and the normal of the collector’s daylighting plane, unit: °, t a ambient air temperature, unit: ℃, τ time, unit: s, e 0 , e 1 , e 2 , a, b, c, d are seven parameters to be identified.
式中：τi传热流体进口温度测量记录时间，单位：s，τp传热流体从集热器进口到出口的流动时间，单位：s，ρr槽形反射器的反射率，GDN测量的太阳法向直射辐照度(DNI)，单位：W/m2，τs测量数据的采集时间间隔，单位：s，f槽式集热器抛物面的焦距，单位：m，L槽式集热器的长度，单位：m，p抛物面槽式金属吸热管沿传热流体流动方向划分的p个等长区域，等于τp/τs。In the formula: τ i heat transfer fluid inlet temperature measurement recording time, unit: s, τ p flow time of heat transfer fluid from collector inlet to outlet, unit: s, ρ r reflectivity of trough reflector, G DN Measured solar normal direct irradiance (DNI), unit: W/m 2 , τ s measurement data acquisition time interval, unit: s, f focal length of parabolic trough collector, unit: m, L trough The length of the heat collector, unit: m, p equal-length areas divided by the parabolic trough metal heat absorbing tube along the flow direction of the heat transfer fluid, equal to τ p /τ s .
将升温测量和降温测量过程中获得的传热流体出口温度、传热流体进口温度、环境空气温度和太阳法向直射辐照度等物理量代入抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能动态预测模型中，采用基于最小二乘类方法的多元线性回归数学方法辨识其中七个待定参数，回归的判定系数应不小于0.85。完成参数辨识后的动态预测模型可以预测该槽式集热器在其他工况条件，即任一特定的时间、地点、太阳辐照、环境空气温度和传热流体进口温度下的热性能。此外，在结果表达时，提供测量过程中传热流体的体积流量和环境空气速度，用以明确动态预测模型中的参数是由某一具体条件下测量出的数据回归得到的。Substitute the physical quantities obtained during the temperature rise measurement and temperature drop measurement into the thermal performance dynamic prediction model of the parabolic trough solar collector, such as the heat transfer fluid outlet temperature, heat transfer fluid inlet temperature, ambient air temperature, and solar normal direct irradiance. The seven undetermined parameters are identified by the multiple linear regression mathematical method based on the least square method, and the coefficient of determination of the regression should not be less than 0.85. The dynamic prediction model after parameter identification can predict the thermal performance of the trough collector under other working conditions, that is, any specific time, location, solar radiation, ambient air temperature and heat transfer fluid inlet temperature. In addition, when expressing the results, the volume flow rate of the heat transfer fluid and the ambient air velocity during the measurement process are provided to clarify that the parameters in the dynamic prediction model are obtained by regressing the data measured under a specific condition.
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