CN106768106A - A kind of circuit design method for eliminating Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter null offset - Google Patents
A kind of circuit design method for eliminating Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter null offset Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/668—Compensating or correcting for variations in velocity of sound
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of circuit design method for eliminating Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter null offset, designed radiating circuit includes two control signal sources V1, V2；No-load voltage ratio is 1:3 high frequency transformer T1；Four power MOSFET：M1, M3 are P-channel enhancement type MOSFET, and M2, M4 are the enhanced MOSFET of N-channel；V1 is connected with the g ports of M1, M4 pipe, and V2 is connected with the g ports of M2, M3 pipe；The s ports of M1, M3 pipe are connected with positive source, and d ports are connected to the two ends of high frequency transformer T1, and the s ports of M2, M4 pipe are grounded, and d ports are connected to high frequency transformer T1；By the height of control signal source V1, V2 output level, four conducting situations of power MOSFET tube are controlled；Transmitting build-out resistor RS, the first analog switch S and transducer be connected in series in transformer secondary；The present invention can eliminate zero point error and null offset, improve ultrasonic flowmeter certainty of measurement.
Description
Art
The invention belongs to flow measurement technology field.Design a kind of Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter.
Background technology
Ultrasonic flowmeter quickly grows as the emerging flow instrument nearly more than ten years, in large-scale water conservancy and hydropower project and day
Right gas trade settlement field has been widely used, and wherein time difference ultrasonic flowmeter is most as measuring instrument application.For when
For difference method ultrasonic flowmeter, when the medium surveyed is static, the concurrent-countercurrent propagation time that flow measurement is obtained should be identical, suitable
The propagation time difference of adverse current should be zero.But in actual applications, because the performance of ultrasonic transducer is not quite identical etc.
Reason, in static state, the concurrent-countercurrent propagation time difference measured by ultrasonic flowmeter is not always zero, causes flowmeter in zero stream
Measured value when fast is also not zero, and causes zero point error problem.Additionally, the performance of ultrasonic transducer often because it is aging or
Outside environmental elements such as temperature, pressure etc. change and change, and the change of different transducer performances is often inconsistent, and this is just
The difference that result in ultrasonic transducer performance can change as external environment changes, so as to cause the measurement of ultrasonic flowmeter
Zero point changes with external environment, causes null offset phenomenon.In measurement process, the zero point error and zero point of ultrasonic flowmeter
Drift can be superimposed upon in flowmeter measurement result, have a strong impact on certainty of measurement and Measurement reliability of the flowmeter in low flow velocity,
Limit the accuracy class of ultrasonic flowmeter.At present, the method that ultrasonic flowmeter Zeroes are solved both at home and abroad is mainly
" dry " standardization and temperature adjustmemt method, this kind of method implement high cost, and the cycle is long, and general applicability is poor.It is mutual using electroacoustic
Easy Theoretical Design reciprocity transmission circuit, is to solve Zero drift in main amplifier under ultrasonic measurement system is operated in reciprocity pattern
Effective way.
Applicants think that the null offset of ultrasonic flowmeter receives the close phase of uniformity of signal with concurrent-countercurrent
Close, be a reciprocity sex chromosome mosaicism for measuring system.According to electroacoustical reciprocity theory, if system is operated under reciprocity pattern, zero
Under flow velocity, the amplitude and phase that concurrent-countercurrent receives signal will be completely the same, so the zero point error of system and null offset
Can be completely eliminated[1].The equiva lent impedance matching of receiving circuit and radiating circuit is to realize ultrasonic flow rate measurement amount system reciprocity
The effective ways of property, the even signal transmission circuit of flowmeter then flow meters work equal with receiving circuit equiva lent impedance is in reciprocity
Under pattern, the quiescent value that now flow measurement is obtained must be zero[2].Although existing scholar once attempted using the mutual of impedance matching
Easy property transmission circuit designs to eliminate the Zeroes of ultrasonic flowmeter, but the transmission circuit is only applicable to liquid ultrasonic
Flowmeter.For Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter, decay of the ultrasonic signal in sound channel communication process is even more serious, existing
Method is not directly applicable Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter.
[1]Hemp J.Theory of transit time ultrasonic flowmeters[J].Journal of
sound and vibration,1982,84(1):133-147.
[2]Lunde P,Vestrheim M,Bo R,et al.5d-4reciprocal operation of
ultrasonic flow meters:Criteria and applications[C]//Ultrasonics Symposium,
2007.IEEE.IEEE,2007:381-386.
The content of the invention
Zero point error and null offset can be eliminated it is an object of the invention to provide one kind, ultrasonic flowmeter measurement essence is improved
The Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter circuit design method of the impedance matching of degree.Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of circuit design method for eliminating Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter null offset, comprises the following steps：
1) it is 1 to choose no-load voltage ratio:3 high frequency transformer, designs Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter reciprocity radiating circuit：
Radiating circuit includes two control signal sources V1, V2；No-load voltage ratio is 1:3 high frequency transformer T1；Four power
MOSFET：M1, M2, M3, M4, wherein, M1, M3 are P-channel enhancement type MOSFET, referred to as first group MOSFET, and M2, M4 are N ditches
The enhanced MOSFET in road, referred to as second group MOSFET；Conducting resistance sum when two groups of MOSFET are turned on is identical；V1 with
The g ports connection of M1, M4 pipe, V2 is connected with the g ports of M2, M3 pipe；The s ports of M1, M3 pipe are connected with positive source, d ends
Mouth is connected to the two ends of high frequency transformer T1, and the s ports of M2, M4 pipe are grounded, and d ports are connected to high frequency transformer T1；By control
The height of signal source V1, V2 output level processed, controls four conducting situations of power MOSFET tube；Build-out resistor RS, the first mould
Intend switch S and transducer is connected in series in transformer secondary；First analog switch S on off states are by output signal of processor V0
Control, conducting resistance is RA, it is used to switch transducer；Conducting when no-load voltage ratio and two groups of MOSFET according to high frequency transformer are turned on
Resistance sum, the equiva lent impedance R of calculating transformer secondaryM；
2) Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter reciprocity receiving circuit is designed：
The analog switch used in receiving circuit, referred to as the second analog switch, the first simulation used with radiating circuit
Switch is identical；Receiving circuit includes the second analog switch S and follow-up voltage follower circuit, transducer and the second analog switch S
With build-out resistor R after series connectionLIt is connected in the positive input of operational amplifier in parallel together.The switch shape of the second analog switch S
State is by output signal of processor V3Control, is used to switch transducer；The output end of operational amplifier is connected to by feedback resistance R
The reverse input end of operational amplifier, forms negative-feedback；The second analog switch and the radiating circuit used in receiving circuit are used
The first analog switch it is identical；
3) build-out resistor resistance is set：
Setting suitable value makes RS+RMWith RLValue it is equal, you can meet reciprocity measurement impedance matching condition, realize
Impedance matching, ignores small resistance RM, match suitable RSWith RLValue, matching resistance be set to RS=RL=2K Ω.
Electroacoustical reciprocity theory of the present invention based on ultrasonic flowmeter, provides a kind of gas ultrasound wave current amount of impedance matching
The method for designing of signal transmitting and receiving circuit is counted, the reciprocity of measuring system is realized, elimination zero point error and Zero drift in main amplifier is reached,
Ultrasonic flowmeter certainty of measurement can be improved.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 transit time ultrasonic flow meters system block diagrams
Fig. 2 radiating circuit schematic diagrams
Fig. 3 primary receiver circuit theory diagrams
Fig. 4 reciprocity and nonreciprocal measuring system structured flowchart
Fig. 5 transducers versus' experimental measurements
Fig. 6 temperature experimental measurements
Fig. 7 DN100 reciprocity measuring systems are failed to be sold at auction determine experimental result in fact
Fig. 8 DN100 nonreciprocity measuring systems are failed to be sold at auction determine experimental result in fact
Specific embodiment
The system block diagram of general transit time ultrasonic flow meters is as shown in Figure 1.The present invention for radiating circuit therein and
Primary receiver circuit is designed improvement.
One：Design Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter reciprocity radiating circuit, schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 2.
Attenuation ratio of the ultrasonic wave in gas is more serious, in order to obtain signal to noise ratio reception signal higher, it is necessary to changing
Pulse excitation of the energy device than higher magnitude.In figure, T1 is high frequency transformer, and no-load voltage ratio is 1:3, M1, M2, M3, M4 are power
MOSFET, passes sequentially through signal source V1, V2Two groups of MOSFET conductings of control (M1, M3) and (M2, M4) can become by recommending
Depressor primary side obtains the square-wave signal that peak-to-peak value is 30V.S is analog switch, and its on off state is by output signal of processor V0Control
System, conducting resistance is RA, it is used to switch transducer.The use of transformer can make circuit originally in the equiva lent impedance of transformer primary side
It is changed into original 9 times after being converted to transformer secondary.Conducting resistance sum when two groups of MOSFET are turned on is that identical is 0.108
Ω.It is R that it can then be calculated in the equiva lent impedance of transformer secondaryMThe Ω of=9 × 0.108 ≈ 1.RSIt is the build-out resistor of design.Therefore
The equiva lent impedance Z of radiating circuitSCan be calculated by following formula.
ZS=RM+RA+RS
Two：Design Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter reciprocity receiving circuit, schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 3；
The circuit is mainly made up of an analog switch and a voltage follower circuit.The mould used in receiving circuit
Intend switch identical with the analog switch that radiating circuit is used, its conducting resistance can be completely counterbalanced by.In voltage follower circuit, fortune
The multiplication factor for calculating amplifier is sufficiently large, and the current potential approximately equal of the input of amplifier two is believed that in analysis circuit, flows through
The electric current of amplifier input is approximately zero.So the equiva lent impedance of receiving circuit can just regard as the conducting resistance of analog switch with
Build-out resistor RLSum, it is and unrelated with the circuit such as follow-up enhanced processing.I.e. the equiva lent impedance of receiving circuit can be by following formula meter
Calculate.
ZL=RA+RL
Three：Build-out resistor resistance is set.As long as contrasting above-mentioned two formula it can be found that setting suitable value makes RS+RMWith RL's
Value is equal, you can meets the impedance matching condition of reciprocity measurement, realizes impedance matching.In general, RMLess than 1 Ω's
Influence of the resistance to result can be ignored, as long as therefore matching suitable RSWith RLValue make its equal by realization theory
Impedance matching.
To verify suppression of the circuit design of the present invention for Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter zero point error and Zero drift in main amplifier
Property, carried out it is static under transducer pairing experiment, temperature experiment and real failing to be sold at auction determine contrast experiment.Reciprocity has been used in an experiment
(system 1) and nonreciprocal (system 2) two sets of measuring systems come verify reciprocal circuit design validity.As shown in figure 4, in system
In 1, using the circuit for designing above, matching resistance is set to R for radiating circuit and receiving circuitS=RL=2K Ω.System 2 makes
Radiating circuit is to remove build-out resistor i.e. RSRadiating circuit after=0, in receiving circuit module, receives direct by transducer
It is connected with one-level amplifying circuit.Other modular systems 2 are completely the same with system 1.Measuring system is 125Khz using 4 frequencies
Square wave as pumping signal.
The difference of transducer is the immediate cause for producing zero point error problem.In transducer pairing experiment, use altogether
The ultrasonic transducers of 4 AT120 series of AIRMAR companies constitute 6 kinds of different pairing situations.Match somebody with somebody in different transducers
To in the case of, the static measurement flow speed value of system 1 and system 2 (20 DEG C) at room temperature is as shown in Figure 5.
Result shows, in the case where different transducers are matched, the measured value of the zero point measured value than system 2 of system 1
Small is more.The measured zero point flow velocity in the case of the pairing of different transducers of system 1 is respectively less than 0.002m/s.According to ultrasonic flow rate
The regulation of meter vertification regulation JJG 1030-2007, the zero point error of Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter is no more than 0.012m/s, 1 grade
Measurement error of the Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter of precision below boundary flow is no more than 2%.Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter one
As the minimum flow velocity that can measure be 0.3m/s, then according to identification code, the maximum of ultrasonic flowmeter can permit under this flow velocity
Perhaps measurement error is ± 0.006m/s.In experiment, the zero point measurement error value of system 1 can allow measurement less than the maximum of flowmeter
Error, meets the required precision of measurement.
Temperature is the key factor that transducer performance is influenceed in the actual application of ultrasonic flowmeter, is also to cause
One of the reason for Zero drift in main amplifier.In temperature experiment, 2 liang of measuring systems of system 1 and system use same tube coupling and same
The transducer for having matched for a pair, measurement tube coupling is placed in constant temperature incubator, is changed by changing the design temperature of incubator
Temperature residing for measurement tube coupling.Under different temperatures, the static measurement flow speed value of system 1 and system 2 is as shown in Figure 6.
Temperature test result indicate that, at different temperatures, the excursion of the measured value of system 1 for -0.0026m/s~
0.0001m/s, the excursion of the measured value of system 2 is -0.0026m/s~0.0033m/s.The excursion of the measured value of system 1
It is smaller than system 2 one times, embody inhibition of the system 1 for temperature drift problems.
Zero point error and Zero drift in main amplifier are finally reflected in measurement error and measurement stability.Finally carry out real failing to be sold at auction
It is fixed to test to verify the measurement stability and accuracy of measurement of reciprocity measuring ultrasonic wave flow system.Real stream experiment is to DN100
Reciprocity (system 1) and nonreciprocity (system 2) ultrasonic flowmeter are demarcated.The length of front and rear straight length in calibration process
Degree is respectively 10D and 5D.Each flow velocity point carries out three deutero-albumose location survey amounts, and each nominal time is 120s.Calibration experiment 3m/s is
Boundary flow velocity, when measuring flow velocity respectively for 0.3m/s, 0.5m/s, 1m/s, 3m/s, 5m/s, 10m/s, 20m/s and 30m/s
The measurement error of two measuring systems.Five calibration experiments have been carried out in different time sections altogether.Five deutero-albumoses of two measuring systems
The error measurement difference of fixed experiment is as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.Comparative result figure is as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
According to the regulation of ultrasonic flowmeter vertification regulation JJG 1030-2007, the Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter of 1 class precision exists
Measurement error more than boundary flow velocity should be within ± 1%, and the measurement error point below boundary's flow velocity should be within ± 2%.It is real
Test result to show, when it is 0.3m/s to measure flow velocity point, the measurement error scope of DN100 reciprocity measuring systems is -1.25%
~0.5%, amplitude of variation is 1.75%；And the measurement error scope of the nonreciprocal measuring systems of DN100 is -1%~2.2%, become
Change amplitude is 3.2%.The improvement effect of measurement stability and the degree of accuracy of the reciprocity circuit design in small flow velocity to measuring system
Fruit is substantially.Measurement error of the DN100 reciprocities ultrasonic measurement system below boundary flow velocity is respectively less than ± 2%, is flowed in boundary
Measurement error more than fast is respectively less than ± 1%.Measuring system certainty of measurement in the measurement range of 0.3m/s~30m/s meets state
1 grade of requirement of measurement standard of family.
1 DN100 reciprocities Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter of table, five demarcation result of the tests
Table 2DN100 nonreciprocities Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter demarcates result of the test for five times, and (blank place is to be demarcated not when secondary
Measure the flow point)
Transmission circuit is further illustrated below
Radiating circuit explanation：
In figure, T1 is high frequency transformer, and no-load voltage ratio is 1:3.M1, M2, M3, M4 are power MOSFET, wherein, M1, M3 are P ditches
The enhanced MOSFET in road, M2, M4 are the enhanced MOSFET of N-channel.V1, V2 are the g ports in control signal source, V1 and M1, M4 pipe
Connection, V2 is connected with the g ports of M2, M3 pipe.The s ports of M1, M3 pipe are connected with+15V power ports, d ports and transformer
It is connected, the s ports of M2, M4 pipe are connected to the ground, and d ports are connected to transformer.By control signal source V1, V2 output level
Just, you can the conducting situation of control MOSFET pipes.So pass sequentially through signal source V1, V2Control (M1, M3) and (M2, M4) two
Group MOSFET conductings can obtain the square-wave signal that peak-to-peak value is 30V by recommending in transformer primary side.Build-out resistor RS, mould
Intend switch S and transducer is connected in series in transformer secondary.S is analog switch, and its on off state is by output signal of processor
V0Control, conducting resistance is RA, it is used to switch transducer.The use of transformer can make circuit originally in the equivalent of transformer primary side
Impedance is changed into original 9 times after being converted to transformer secondary.Conducting resistance sum when two groups of MOSFET are turned on is that identical is
0.108Ω.It is R that it can then be calculated in the equiva lent impedance of transformer secondaryMThe Ω of=9 × 0.108 ≈ 1.RSIt is the matching electricity of design
Resistance.Therefore the equiva lent impedance Z of radiating circuitSCan be calculated by following formula.
ZS=RM+RA+RS
Receiving circuit explanation：
The circuit is mainly made up of an analog switch S and follow-up voltage follower circuit.Transducer is cut with simulation
Change after switch S series connection and build-out resistor RLIt is connected in the positive input of operational amplifier in parallel together.The switch of analog switch S
State is by output signal of processor V3Control, its effect is equally switching transducer.The output end of operational amplifier passes through resistance R
The reverse input end of operational amplifier is connected to, negative-feedback is formed, so whole operational amplifier is to constitute a voltage follow
Circuit.The analog switch used in receiving circuit is identical with the analog switch that radiating circuit is used, and its conducting resistance can be complete
Offset.In voltage follower circuit, the multiplication factor of operational amplifier is sufficiently large, and amplifier two is believed that in analysis circuit
The current potential approximately equal of input, the electric current for flowing through amplifier input is approximately zero.The equiva lent impedance of so receiving circuit can
To regard the conducting resistance and build-out resistor R of analog switch asLSum, it is and unrelated with the circuit such as follow-up enhanced processing.Receive
The equiva lent impedance of circuit can be calculated by following formula.
ZL=RA+RL。
Claims (1)
1. a kind of circuit design method for eliminating Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter null offset, comprises the following steps：
1) it is 1 to choose no-load voltage ratio:3 high frequency transformer, designs Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter reciprocity radiating circuit：
Radiating circuit includes two control signal sources V1, V2；No-load voltage ratio is 1:3 high frequency transformer T1；Four power MOSFET：
M1, M2, M3, M4, wherein, M1, M3 are P-channel enhancement type MOSFET, referred to as first group MOSFET, and M2, M4 are that N-channel is enhanced
MOSFET, referred to as second group MOSFET；Conducting resistance sum when two groups of MOSFET are turned on is identical；The g of V1 and M1, M4 pipe
Port connects, and V2 is connected with the g ports of M2, M3 pipe；The s ports of M1, M3 pipe are connected with positive source, and d ports are connected to height
The two ends of frequency power transformer T1, the s ports ground connection of M2, M4 pipe, d ports are connected to high frequency transformer T1；By control signal source V1,
The height of V2 output levels, controls four conducting situations of power MOSFET tube；Build-out resistor RS, the first analog switch S and
Transducer is connected in series in transformer secondary；First analog switch S on off states are by output signal of processor V0Control, electric conduction
It is R to hinderA, it is used to switch transducer；Conducting resistance sum when no-load voltage ratio and two groups of MOSFET according to high frequency transformer are turned on, meter
Calculate the equiva lent impedance R of transformer secondaryM。
2) Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter reciprocity receiving circuit is designed：
The analog switch used in receiving circuit, referred to as the second analog switch, the first analog switch used with radiating circuit
It is identical；Receiving circuit includes the second analog switch S and follow-up voltage follower circuit, and transducer is connected with the second analog switch S
Afterwards with build-out resistor RLIt is connected in the positive input of operational amplifier in parallel together.The on off state of the second analog switch S by
Output signal of processor V3Control, is used to switch transducer；The output end of operational amplifier is connected to computing by feedback resistance R
The reverse input end of amplifier, forms negative-feedback；The second analog switch for being used in receiving circuit and radiating circuit use the
One analog switch is identical；
3) build-out resistor resistance is set：
Setting suitable value makes RS+RMWith RLValue it is equal, you can meet reciprocity measurement impedance matching condition, realize impedance
Matching, ignores small resistance RM, match suitable RSWith RLValue, matching resistance be set to RS=RL=2K Ω.
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