CN106706053B - A kind of Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter signal transmitting and receiving circuit - Google Patents
A kind of Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter signal transmitting and receiving circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN106706053B CN106706053B CN201710036426.6A CN201710036426A CN106706053B CN 106706053 B CN106706053 B CN 106706053B CN 201710036426 A CN201710036426 A CN 201710036426A CN 106706053 B CN106706053 B CN 106706053B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter signal transmitting and receiving circuit, radiating circuit includes two control signal sources V1, V2；No-load voltage ratio is 1:3 high frequency transformer T1；Four power MOSFET：M1, M3 are P-channel enhancement type MOSFET, and M2, M4 are the enhanced MOSFET of N-channel；V1 is connect with the ports g of M1, M4 pipe, and V2 is connect with the ports g of M2, M3 pipe；The ports s of M1, M3 pipe are connected with positive pole, and the ports d are connected to the both ends of high frequency transformer T1, and the ports the s ground connection of M2, M4 pipe, the ports d are connected to high frequency transformer T1；By controlling the height of signal source V1, V2 output level, the conducting situation of four power MOSFET tubes is controlled；Emit build-out resistor RS, the first analog switch S and energy converter be connected in series in transformer secondary；The present invention can eliminate zero point error and null offset, improve ultrasonic flowmeter measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flow measurement technology fields.Design a kind of Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter.
Background technology
Ultrasonic flowmeter is quickly grown as the emerging flow instrument nearly more than ten years, in large-scale water conservancy and hydropower project and day
Right gas trade settlement field has been widely used, and wherein time difference ultrasonic flowmeter is most as measuring instrument application.For when
For poor method ultrasonic flowmeter, when the medium surveyed is static, the concurrent-countercurrent propagation time that flow measurement obtains should be identical, suitable
The propagation time difference of adverse current should be zero.But in practical applications, since the performance of ultrasonic transducer is not quite identical etc.
Reason, in static state, the concurrent-countercurrent propagation time difference measured by ultrasonic flowmeter is not always zero, causes flowmeter in zero stream
Measured value when fast is also not zero, and causes zero point error problem.In addition, the performance of ultrasonic transducer often because aging or
Outside environmental elements such as temperature, pressure etc. change and change, and the variation of different transducer performances is often inconsistent, this is just
The difference for resulting in ultrasonic transducer performance can change as external environment changes, so as to cause the measurement of ultrasonic flowmeter
Zero changes with external environment, causes null offset phenomenon.In measurement process, the zero point error and zero of ultrasonic flowmeter
Drift can be superimposed upon in flowmeter measurement result, seriously affect measurement accuracy and Measurement reliability of the flowmeter in low flow velocity,
Limit the accuracy class of ultrasonic flowmeter.Currently, the method for solving ultrasonic flowmeter Zeroes both at home and abroad is mainly
" dry " standardization and temperature adjustmemt method, such methods implement of high cost, and the period is long, and general applicability is poor.It is mutual using electroacoustic
Easy Theoretical Design reciprocity transmission circuit, it is to solve Zero drift in main amplifier so that ultrasonic measurement system is operated under reciprocity pattern
Effective way.
Applicants think that the null offset of ultrasonic flowmeter receives the close phase of consistency of signal with concurrent-countercurrent
It closes, is the reciprocity sex chromosome mosaicism of a measuring system.According to electroacoustical reciprocity theory, if system is operated under reciprocity pattern, zero
Under flow velocity, concurrent-countercurrent receives the amplitude of signal and phase will be completely the same, so the zero point error of system and null offset
It can be completely eliminated[1].Receiving circuit and the matching of the equiva lent impedance of radiating circuit are to realize ultrasonic flow rate measurement amount system reciprocity
The effective ways of property, the even signal transmission circuit of flowmeter then flow meters work equal with receiving circuit equiva lent impedance is in reciprocity
Under pattern, the quiescent value that flow measurement obtains at this time must be zero[2].Although having scholar once to attempt using the mutual of impedance matching
Easy property transmission circuit designs to eliminate the Zeroes of ultrasonic flowmeter, but the transmission circuit is only applicable to liquid ultrasonic
Flowmeter.For Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter, decaying of the ultrasonic signal in sound channel communication process is even more serious, has
Method is not directly applicable Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter.
[1]Hemp J.Theory of transit time ultrasonic flowmeters[J].Journal of
sound and vibration,1982,84(1):133-147.
[2]Lunde P,Vestrheim M,Bo R,et al.5d-4reciprocal operation of
ultrasonic flow meters:Criteria and applications[C]//Ultrasonics Symposium,
2007.IEEE.IEEE,2007:381-386.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide one kind can eliminating zero point error and null offset, improves ultrasonic flowmeter and measures essence
The Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter signal transmitting and receiving circuit of the impedance matching of degree.Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter signal transmitting and receiving circuit, including radiating circuit and receiving circuit, which is characterized in that
Radiating circuit includes two control signal sources V1, V2；No-load voltage ratio is 1:3 high frequency transformer T1；Four power
MOSFET：M1, M2, M3, M4, wherein M1, M3 are P-channel enhancement type MOSFET, referred to as first group of MOSFET, and M2, M4 are N ditches
The enhanced MOSFET in road, referred to as second group of MOSFET；The sum of conducting resistance value when two groups of MOSFET conductings is identical；V1 with
The ports g of M1, M4 pipe connect, and V2 is connect with the ports g of M2, M3 pipe；The ports s of M1, M3 pipe are connected with positive pole, the ends d
Mouth is connected to the both ends of high frequency transformer T1, and the ports the s ground connection of M2, M4 pipe, the ports d are connected to high frequency transformer T1；Pass through control
The height of signal source V1, V2 output level processed controls the conducting situation of four power MOSFET tubes；Emit build-out resistor RS,
One analog switch S and energy converter are connected in series in transformer secondary；First analog switch S on off states are exported by processor to be believed
Number V0Control；
The analog switch used in receiving circuit, referred to as the second analog switch, the first simulation used with radiating circuit
It switchs identical；Receiving circuit includes the second analog switch S and subsequent voltage follower circuit, energy converter and the second analog switch S
After series connection and receive build-out resistor RLIt is connected in the positive input of operational amplifier in parallel together.Second analog switch S's opens
Off status is by output signal of processor V3Control, to switch energy converter；The output end of operational amplifier is connected by feedback resistance R
It is connected to the reverse input end of operational amplifier, forms negative-feedback；The second analog switch and radiating circuit used in receiving circuit
The first analog switch used is identical；Emit build-out resistor RSWith reception build-out resistor RLIt is equal.
The present invention is based on the electroacoustical reciprocity theories of ultrasonic flowmeter, provide a kind of gas ultrasound wave current amount of impedance matching
Signal transmitting and receiving circuit is counted, realizes the reciprocity of measuring system, reaches and eliminates zero point error and Zero drift in main amplifier, can improve super
Sonic flowmeter measurement accuracy.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 transit time ultrasonic flow meters system block diagrams
Fig. 2 radiating circuit schematic diagrams
Fig. 3 primary receiver circuit diagrams
Fig. 4 reciprocity and nonreciprocal measuring system structure diagram
Fig. 5 transducers versus's experimental measurements
Fig. 6 temperature experimental measurements
Fig. 7 DN100 reciprocity measuring systems are failed to be sold at auction in fact determines experimental result
Fig. 8 DN100 nonreciprocity measuring systems are failed to be sold at auction in fact determines experimental result
Specific implementation mode
The system block diagram of general transit time ultrasonic flow meters is as shown in Figure 1.The present invention for radiating circuit therein and
Primary receiver circuit is designed improvement.
One：Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter reciprocity radiating circuit is designed, schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 2.
Attenuation ratio of the ultrasonic wave in gas is more serious, in order to obtain the relatively high reception signal of signal-to-noise ratio, needs to changing
Energy device compares the pulse excitation of amplitude.In figure, T1 is high frequency transformer, no-load voltage ratio 1:3, M1, M2, M3, M4 are power
MOSFET passes sequentially through signal source V1, V2Two groups of MOSFET conductings of control (M1, M3) and (M2, M4) can become by recommending
Depressor primary side obtains the square-wave signal that peak-to-peak value is 30V.S is analog switch, and on off state is by output signal of processor V0Control
System, conducting resistance RA, to switch energy converter.The use of transformer can make circuit originally in the equiva lent impedance of transformer primary side
Become original 9 times after being converted to transformer secondary.It is 0.108 that the sum of conducting resistance value when two groups of MOSFET conductings, which is identical,
Ω.It is R that it, which can then be calculated, in the equiva lent impedance of transformer secondaryM1 Ω of=9 × 0.108 ≈.RSFor the build-out resistor of design.Therefore
The equiva lent impedance Z of radiating circuitSIt can be calculated by following formula.
ZS=RM+RA+RS
Two：Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter reciprocity receiving circuit is designed, schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 3；
The circuit is mainly made of an analog switch and a voltage follower circuit.The mould used in receiving circuit
Quasi- switch is identical as the analog switch that radiating circuit uses, and conducting resistance value can be completely counterbalanced by.In voltage follower circuit, fortune
The amplification factor for calculating amplifier is sufficiently large, and the current potential approximately equal of two input terminal of amplifier is believed that in analysis circuit, is flowed through
The electric current of amplifier input terminal is approximately zero.In this way the equiva lent impedance of receiving circuit can regard as the conducting resistance value of analog switch with
Build-out resistor RLSum, and it is unrelated with the circuits such as subsequent enhanced processing.I.e. the equiva lent impedance of receiving circuit can be by following formula meter
It calculates.
ZL=RA+RL
Three：Build-out resistor resistance value is set.As long as comparing above-mentioned two formula it can be found that the suitable value of setting makes RS+RMWith RL's
It is worth equal, you can meet the impedance matching condition of reciprocity measurement, realize impedance matching.Under normal circumstances, RMLess than 1 Ω's
Influence of the resistance value to result can be ignored, as long as therefore matching suitable RSWith RLValue make its it is equal can be realized it is theoretic
Impedance matching.
To verify inhibition of the circuit design of the present invention for Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter zero point error and Zero drift in main amplifier
Property, carried out it is static under energy converter pairing experiment, temperature experiment and real fail to be sold at auction determine contrast experiment.Reciprocity has been used in an experiment
(system 1) and nonreciprocal (system 2) two sets of measuring systems come verify reciprocal circuit design validity.As shown in figure 4, in system
In 1, radiating circuit and receiving circuit are all made of the circuit designed above, and matching resistance value is set as RS=RL=2K Ω.System 2 makes
Radiating circuit is to remove build-out resistor i.e. RSRadiating circuit after=0 receives energy converter direct in receiving circuit module
It is connected with level-one amplifying circuit.Other modular systems 2 and system 1 are completely the same.Measuring system is 125Khz using 4 frequencies
Square wave as pumping signal.
The difference of energy converter is to lead to the problem of the immediate cause of zero point error.In energy converter pairing experiment, use altogether
The ultrasonic transducer of the AT120 series of 4 AIRMAR companies constitutes 6 kinds of different pairing situations.Match in different energy converters
To in the case of, the static measurement flow speed value of system 1 and system 2 (20 DEG C) at room temperature is as shown in Figure 5.
The result shows that in the case where different energy converters match, the measured value of the zero measured value of system 1 than system 2
Small is more.System 1 is respectively less than 0.002m/s in the measured zero flow velocity of different energy converters pairing.According to ultrasonic flow rate
Count the regulation of vertification regulation JJG 1030-2007, the zero point error of Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter is no more than 0.012m/s, 1 grade
The Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter of precision is in boundary flow measurement error below no more than 2%.Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter one
As the minimum flow velocity that can measure be 0.3m/s, then according to identification regulation, the maximum of ultrasonic flowmeter can permit under this flow velocity
Perhaps measurement error is ± 0.006m/s.In experiment, the zero measurement error value of system 1 is less than the permissible measurement of maximum of flowmeter
Error meets the required precision of measurement.
An important factor for temperature is the influence transducer performance in the actual application of ultrasonic flowmeter, and cause
One of the reason of Zero drift in main amplifier.In temperature experiment, 2 liang of measuring systems of system 1 and system are using same tube coupling and together
The energy converter that a pair has been matched measures tube coupling and is placed in constant temperature incubator, changed by changing the set temperature of incubator
Measure the temperature residing for tube coupling.Under different temperatures, the static measurement flow speed value of system 1 and system 2 is as shown in Figure 6.
Temperature the experimental results showed that, at different temperatures, the variation range of 1 measured value of system be -0.0026m/s~
The variation range of 0.0001m/s, 2 measured value of system are -0.0026m/s~0.0033m/s.The variation range of 1 measured value of system
It is one times smaller than system 2, embody inhibition of the system 1 for temperature drift problems.
Zero point error and Zero drift in main amplifier are finally reflected in measurement error and measure in stability.Finally carry out real fail to be sold at auction
Fixed experiment is to verify the measurement stability and accuracy of measurement of reciprocity measuring ultrasonic wave flow system.Real stream experiment is to DN100
Reciprocity (system 1) and nonreciprocity (system 2) ultrasonic flowmeter are demarcated.The length of front and back straight pipe in calibration process
Degree is respectively 10D and 5D.Each flow velocity point carries out calibration three times and measures, and each nominal time is 120s.Calibration experiment 3m/s is
Demarcate flow velocity, measure respectively flow velocity be 0.3m/s, 0.5m/s, 1m/s, 3m/s, 5m/s, 10m/s, 20m/s and 30m/s when
The measurement error of two measuring systems.Five calibration experiments have been carried out in different time sections altogether.Five deutero-albumoses of two measuring systems
Surely the error measurement difference tested is as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.Comparative result figure is as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
According to the regulation of ultrasonic flowmeter vertification regulation JJG 1030-2007, the Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter of 1 class precision exists
Measurement error more than boundary flow velocity should be within ± 1%, and dividing should be within ± 2% in boundary's flow velocity measurement error below.It is real
Test the result shows that, measure flow velocity point be 0.3m/s when, the measurement error ranging from -1.25% of DN100 reciprocity measuring systems
~0.5%, amplitude of variation 1.75%；And the measurement error ranging from -1%~2.2% of the nonreciprocal measuring systems of DN100, become
Change amplitude is 3.2%.Reciprocity circuit design imitates the improvement of the measurement stability of measuring system and accuracy in small flow velocity
Fruit is apparent.DN100 reciprocities ultrasonic measurement system is respectively less than ± 2% in boundary flow velocity measurement error below, is flowed in boundary
Measurement error more than speed is respectively less than ± 1%.Measuring system measurement accuracy in the measurement range of 0.3m/s~30m/s meets state
The requirement of 1 grade of measurement standard of family.
1 DN100 reciprocities Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter of table, five calibration test results
(blank place is when time calibration to 2 DN100 nonreciprocities Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter of table, five calibration test results
Unmeasured flow point)
Transmission circuit is further illustrated below
Radiating circuit explanation：
In figure, T1 is high frequency transformer, no-load voltage ratio 1:3.M1, M2, M3, M4 are power MOSFET, wherein M1, M3 are P ditches
The enhanced MOSFET in road, M2, M4 are the enhanced MOSFET of N-channel.V1, V2 signal source in order to control, the ports g of V1 and M1, M4 pipe
Connection, V2 are connect with the ports g of M2, M3 pipe.The ports s of M1, M3 pipe are connected with+15V power ports, the ports d and transformer
It is connected, the ports s of M2, M4 pipe are connected to the ground, and the ports d are connected to transformer.By controlling signal source V1, V2 output level
Just, you can the conducting situation of control MOSFET pipes.Signal source V is passed sequentially through in this way1, V2Control (M1, M3) and (M2, M4) two
Group MOSFET conductings can obtain the square-wave signal that peak-to-peak value is 30V by recommending in transformer primary side.Build-out resistor RS, mould
Quasi- switch S and energy converter are connected in series in transformer secondary.S is analog switch, and on off state is by output signal of processor
V0Control, conducting resistance RA, to switch energy converter.The use of transformer can make circuit originally in the equivalent of transformer primary side
Impedance becomes original 9 times after being converted to transformer secondary.The sum of conducting resistance value when two groups of MOSFET conductings, which is identical, is
0.108Ω.It is R that it, which can then be calculated, in the equiva lent impedance of transformer secondaryM1 Ω of=9 × 0.108 ≈.RSFor the matching electricity of design
Resistance.Therefore the equiva lent impedance Z of radiating circuitSIt can be calculated by following formula.
ZS=RM+RA+RS
Receiving circuit explanation：
The circuit is mainly made of an analog switch S and subsequent voltage follower circuit.Energy converter is cut with simulation
It changes after switch S series connection and build-out resistor RLIt is connected in the positive input of operational amplifier in parallel together.The switch of analog switch S
State is by output signal of processor V3Control, effect are equally switching energy converters.The output end of operational amplifier passes through resistance R
It is connected to the reverse input end of operational amplifier, forms negative-feedback, operational amplifier entire so constitutes a voltage follow
Circuit.The analog switch used in receiving circuit is identical as the analog switch that radiating circuit uses, and conducting resistance value can be complete
It offsets.In voltage follower circuit, the amplification factor of operational amplifier is sufficiently large, and amplifier two is believed that in analysis circuit
The current potential approximately equal of input terminal, the electric current for flowing through amplifier input terminal are approximately zero.The equiva lent impedance of receiving circuit in this way can
To regard the conducting resistance value and build-out resistor R of analog switch asLSum, and it is unrelated with the circuits such as subsequent enhanced processing.Receive
The equiva lent impedance of circuit can be calculated by following formula.
ZL=RA+RL
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Ultrasonic Wave Flowmeter signal transmitting and receiving circuit, including radiating circuit and receiving circuit, which is characterized in that
Radiating circuit includes two control signal sources V1, V2；No-load voltage ratio is 1:3 high frequency transformer T1；Four power MOSFET：
M1, M2, M3, M4, wherein M1, M3 are P-channel enhancement type MOSFET, referred to as first group of MOSFET, and M2, M4 are that N-channel is enhanced
MOSFET, referred to as second group of MOSFET；The sum of conducting resistance value when two groups of MOSFET conductings is identical；The g of V1 and M1, M4 pipe
Port connects, and V2 is connect with the ports g of M2, M3 pipe；The ports s of M1, M3 pipe are connected with positive pole, and the ports d are connected to height
The main side both ends of frequency power transformer T1, the ports the s ground connection of M2, M4 pipe, the ports d are connected to the main side both ends of high frequency transformer T1；It is logical
The height of control signal source V1, V2 output level is crossed, the conducting situation of four power MOSFET tubes is controlled；Emit build-out resistor
RS, the first analog switch S and energy converter be connected in series in transformer secondary；First analog switch S on off states are by processor
Output signal V0Control；
The analog switch used in receiving circuit, referred to as the second analog switch, the first analog switch used with radiating circuit
It is identical；Receiving circuit includes the second analog switch S and subsequent voltage follower circuit, and energy converter is connected with the second analog switch S
Afterwards with build-out resistor RLIt is connected in the positive input of operational amplifier in parallel together；The on off state of second analog switch S by
Output signal of processor V3Control, to switch energy converter；The output end of operational amplifier is connected to operation by feedback resistance R
The reverse input end of amplifier forms negative-feedback；Emit build-out resistor RSWith reception build-out resistor RLIt is equal.
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| CN109877027B (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2024-01-26 | 淄博宇声计量科技有限公司 | Impedance matching and receiving and transmitting function switching circuit of ultrasonic transducer |
| CN112033485B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-12-22 | 西安石油大学 | Ultrasonic sensor high-voltage pulse receiving and transmitting multiplexing system |
| CN113406413B (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2023-04-25 | 浙江启尔机电技术有限公司 | Transducer characteristic detection device and detection method |
| CN117168583B (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2024-01-23 | 成都千嘉科技股份有限公司 | Zero-crossing detection method and detection device for gas meter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4391150A (en) * | 1980-12-15 | 1983-07-05 | Rey Thomas J | Electro-acoustic flowmeter |
| CN2062827U (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1990-09-26 | 长沙市电子仪器二厂 | Receiver for ultrasonic flowmeter |
| DE4400448C1 (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1995-07-13 | Siemens Ag | Control and evaluation arrangement for two ultrasonic transducers that can be operated as transmitters and receivers |
| AUPP318098A0 (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 1998-05-21 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | A liquid flow meter |
| DK200101581A (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-04-27 | Danfoss As | Transceiver circuit for ultrasonic flow meter |
| DE102007029957A1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ultrasonic sensor with reciprocal transmitting and receiving circuit |
| CN104897248B (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-04-27 | 天津大学 | Ultrasonic flowmeter propagation time method is accurately estimated under a kind of noise background |
| CN105403265A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-16 | 宁波水表股份有限公司 | Automatic zero drift-correction ultrasound water meter and correction method |
| CN105758474B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2019-01-08 | 天津大学 | A method of improving gas ultrasonic flowmeter measurement accuracy |
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