CN106762150A - A kind of aircraft engine fires lubricating oil integrated heat exchange device - Google Patents
A kind of aircraft engine fires lubricating oil integrated heat exchange device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106762150A CN106762150A CN201611051547.XA CN201611051547A CN106762150A CN 106762150 A CN106762150 A CN 106762150A CN 201611051547 A CN201611051547 A CN 201611051547A CN 106762150 A CN106762150 A CN 106762150A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- fuel
- fuel oil
- outlet
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/06—Arrangements of bearings; Lubricating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
- F02C7/224—Heating fuel before feeding to the burner
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/98—Lubrication
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of aircraft engine fires lubricating oil integrated heat exchange device, including pressure difference signal device (2), fuel oil rough filtering component (4), radiator core body (5), temperature-sensitive pressure-sensitive component (7), fuel oil fine filtering component (9), by multifunction integrated design, product component quantity can be reduced, realize the function that a component realizes various control, improve the reliability of product, various functions such as whole system radiating, filtering, pressure regulation, temperature adjustment are completed, product reliability and added value is lifted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aircraft engine oil system, and in particular to a kind of aircraft engine combustion lubricating oil integrated heat exchange dress
Put.
Background technology
The conventional Multifunctional heat exchange device of China is by radiator core body, filter core, valve, mechanical signal device, temperature-sensitive pressure element
It is in series Deng component, various function formula arrangements into a line, tandem multicompartment arrangement occupies more space, makes
Product structure is too fat to move, pipeline is in disorder, reliability reduction.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention:To reduce installing space, product reliability and security are improved, it is desirable to which product can realize work(
Integrated, structural module of energy etc. requires, designs a kind of aircraft engine and fire lubricating oil integrated heat exchange device.
Technical solution of the present invention:A kind of aircraft engine fires lubricating oil integrated heat exchange device, including pressure difference signal device 2, fuel oil
Rough filtering component 4, radiator core body 5, temperature-sensitive pressure-sensitive component 7, fuel oil fine filtering component 9, fuel oil rough filtering component 4 are located at fuel filler 1
Place, after fuel oil enters device from fuel filler 1, flows through fuel oil rough filtering component 4, radiator core body 5, fuel oil fine filtering component 9 successively
Flowed out from fuel outlet 3 afterwards, pressure difference signal device 2 is provided between fuel filler 1 and fuel outlet 3, the pressure difference signal device 2 is examined
The pressure differential surveyed between fuel filler 1 and fuel outlet 3, presses when the pressure differential that pressure difference signal device 2 is detected reaches certain value
Difference signal device 6 sends alarm signal;Lubricating oil flows through radiator core body 5 from lubricating oil entrance 6, enters with fuel oil in radiator core body 5
Flowed out from oil outlet 8 after row heat exchange, temperature-sensitive pressure-sensitive component 7, the warming are provided between lubricating oil entrance 6 and oil outlet 8
Pressure component 7 includes temperature-sensitive valve 71 and pressure-sensitive valve 72, and temperature-sensitive valve 71 experiences the fuel oil temperature at fuel outlet 3, works as fuel oil
When exporting 3 temperature higher than 32 DEG C, temperature-sensitive valve 71 is started to open at, and when fuel outlet temperature reaches 48 DEG C, temperature-sensitive valve 71 is complete
Complete to open, no longer all by radiator core body 5, part lubricating oil is directly bypassed to oil outlet 8 lubricating oil by lubricating oil entrance 6;Sense
Pressure valve 72 experiences the pressure differential between lubricating oil entrance 6 and oil outlet 8, the pressure between lubricating oil entrance 6 and oil outlet 8
When difference is more than certain value, pressure-sensitive valve 72 is opened, and most of lubricating oil is directly bypassed to oil outlet 8 by lubricating oil entrance 6.
The fuel oil rough filtering component 4 includes fuel oil coarse filtration 41, entrance pop-up indicator 42, entrance bypass flap 43, fuel oil
Enter radiator core body 5 after being filtered through fuel oil coarse filtration 41, when fuel oil coarse filtration 41 is blocked, pressure exceedes coarse filtration the at fuel oil coarse filtration 41
During one threshold value, entrance pop-up indicator 42 sends alarm signal, and when fuel oil coarse filtration 41 is blocked, pressure exceedes thick at fuel oil coarse filtration 41
Filter Second Threshold when, entrance bypass flap 43 by oil pressure influenceed open, fuel oil be no longer flow through fuel oil coarse filtration 41 directly by entrance by
The logical inflow radiator core body 5 of valve 43 is exchanged heat.
The fuel oil fine filtering component 9 includes fuel oil fine filtering 91, outlet bypass flap 92, outlet pop-up indicator 93, fuel oil
Flowed out from fuel outlet 3 after being filtered through fuel oil fine filtering 91, when fuel oil fine filtering 91 is blocked, pressure exceedes fine filtering the at fuel oil fine filtering 91
During one threshold value, outlet pop-up indicator 93 sends alarm signal, and when fuel oil fine filtering 91 is blocked, pressure exceedes thin at fuel oil fine filtering 91
During filter Second Threshold, outlet bypass flap 92 is influenceed to open by oil pressure, and it is directly other by outlet that fuel oil is no longer flow through fuel oil fine filtering 91
The logical outflow of valve 92 fuel outlet 3.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:Product with compact structure, the structured heat sink is mainly made up of several big components, temperature-sensitive pressure-sensitive
Component can simultaneously realize the action of product temperature-sensitive and pressure-sensitive action, and fuel oil rough filtering component and fuel oil fine filtering component can simultaneously realize filtering
And bypass action;Pipeline is clear:The product design is different from traditional one-line cascaded structure, it is to avoid the staggeredly cloth of multi-pipeline
Put;Reliability is high:By multifunction integrated design, product component quantity can be reduced, realize a component and realize various control
Function, improve the reliability of product, complete various functions such as whole system radiating, filtering, pressure regulation, temperature adjustment,
Lifting product reliability and added value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is;Conventional heat-exchanger rig product function realizes figure;
Fig. 2 is;A kind of aircraft engine fires lubricating oil integrated heat exchange device product functional realiey figure.
Specific embodiment
When product works, low temperature fuel oil flows into product fuel oil coarse filtration 41 from fuel filler 1, is filtered through fuel oil rough filtering component 41
Enter radiator core body 5 afterwards, when the retaining pressure of fuel oil coarse filtration 41 exceedes coarse filtration first threshold, entrance pop-up indicator 42 sends
Alarm signal.When the retaining pressure of fuel oil coarse filtration 41 exceedes coarse filtration Second Threshold, entrance bypass flap 43 is influenceed to open by oil pressure,
Fuel oil is no longer flow through fuel oil coarse filtration 41, is directly exchanged heat by the inflow radiator core body 5 of entrance bypass flap 43.Combustion after heat exchange
Oil flows out from radiator core body 5, is flowed out from fuel outlet after being filtered through fuel oil fine filtering 91, when the retaining pressure of fuel oil fine filtering 91 exceedes
During fine filtering first threshold, outlet pop-up indicator 93 sends alarm signal.When the retaining pressure of fuel oil coarse filtration 41 exceedes coarse filtration second
During threshold value, outlet bypass flap 92 is opened, and fuel oil is no longer flow through fuel oil fine filtering 91 and is directly flowed out by outlet bypass flap 92.Work as combustion
Oil pocket fuel oil oil filter 91 or fuel oil coarse filtration 41 are blocked, when fuel filler 1 and the pressure of fuel outlet 3 are more than three threshold values, pressure difference letter
Number device 2 sends alarm model.
Temperature lubricating oil higher flows into radiator core body 5 by lubricating oil entrance 6, is flowed out by oil outlet 8 after heat exchange.Work as combustion
When oil export temperature is higher than 32 DEG C, temperature-sensitive valve 71 starts action, and when fuel outlet temperature reaches 48 DEG C, temperature-sensitive valve 71 is complete
Complete to open, lubricating oil no longer all by radiator core body 5, is directly bypassed to oil outlet 8 by lubricating oil entrance 6;When lubricating oil turnover
When mouth pressure difference is more than certain value, pressure-sensitive valve 72 is opened, and by lubricating oil entrance 6, directly bypass to oil outlet 8 enters most of lubricating oil
Enter engine, protect radiator core body 5 not destroyed by high pressure.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of aircraft engine fires lubricating oil integrated heat exchange device, it is characterised in that including pressure difference signal device (2), fuel oil coarse filtration
Component (4), radiator core body (5), temperature-sensitive pressure-sensitive component (7), fuel oil fine filtering component (9), fuel oil rough filtering component (4) is positioned at fuel oil
Entrance (1) place, fuel oil from fuel filler (1) enter device after, flow through successively fuel oil rough filtering component (4), radiator core body (5),
Flowed out from fuel outlet (3) after fuel oil fine filtering component (9), pressure difference signal is provided between fuel filler (1) and fuel outlet (3)
Device (2), the pressure difference signal device (2) detects the pressure differential between fuel filler (1) and fuel outlet (3), when pressure difference signal device
(2) pressure difference signal device (6) sends alarm signal when the pressure differential for detecting reaches certain value;Lubricating oil is flowed through from lubricating oil entrance (6)
Radiator core body (5), from oil outlet (8) outflow after being exchanged heat with fuel oil in radiator core body (5), in lubricating oil entrance
(6) temperature-sensitive pressure-sensitive component (7) is provided with and oil outlet (8) between, warming pressure component (7) includes temperature-sensitive valve (71) and sense
Pressure valve (72), temperature-sensitive valve (71) experiences the fuel oil temperature at fuel outlet (3) place, when fuel outlet (3) temperature is higher than 32 DEG C
When, temperature-sensitive valve (71) is started to open at, and when fuel outlet temperature reaches 48 DEG C, temperature-sensitive valve (71) is opened completely, and lubricating oil is not
Again all by radiator core body (5), part lubricating oil is directly bypassed to oil outlet (8) by lubricating oil entrance (6);Pressure-sensitive valve
(72) pressure differential between lubricating oil entrance (6) and oil outlet (8) is experienced, when between lubricating oil entrance (6) and oil outlet (8)
When pressure differential is more than certain value, pressure-sensitive valve (72) is opened, and most of lubricating oil is directly bypassed to oil outlet by lubricating oil entrance (6)
(8)。
2. a kind of aircraft engine according to claim 1 fires lubricating oil integrated heat exchange device, it is characterised in that the fuel oil
Rough filtering component (4) includes fuel oil coarse filtration (41), entrance pop-up indicator (42), entrance bypass flap (43), and fuel oil is thick through fuel oil
Enter radiator core body (5) after filter (41) filtering, when fuel oil coarse filtration (41) is blocked, fuel oil coarse filtration (41) place pressure exceedes coarse filtration the
During one threshold value, entrance pop-up indicator (42) sends alarm signal, when fuel oil coarse filtration (41) is blocked, fuel oil coarse filtration (41) place pressure
During more than coarse filtration Second Threshold, entrance bypass flap (43) is influenceed to open by oil pressure, and it is straight that fuel oil is no longer flow through fuel oil coarse filtration (41)
Connect and exchanged heat by entrance bypass flap (43) inflow radiator core body (5).
3. a kind of aircraft engine according to claim 1 fires lubricating oil integrated heat exchange device, it is characterised in that the fuel oil
Fine filtering component (9) includes fuel oil fine filtering (91), outlet bypass flap (92), outlet pop-up indicator (93), and fuel oil is thin through fuel oil
From fuel outlet (3) outflow after filter (91) filtering, when fuel oil fine filtering (91) is blocked, fuel oil fine filtering (91) place pressure exceedes fine filtering the
During one threshold value, outlet pop-up indicator (93) sends alarm signal, when fuel oil fine filtering (91) is blocked, fuel oil fine filtering (91) place pressure
During more than fine filtering Second Threshold, outlet bypass flap (92) is influenceed to open by oil pressure, and it is straight that fuel oil is no longer flow through fuel oil fine filtering (91)
Connect and fuel outlet (3) is flowed out by outlet bypass flap (92).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201611051547.XA CN106762150B (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2016-11-24 | A kind of aircraft engine fires lubricating oil integrated heat exchange device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201611051547.XA CN106762150B (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2016-11-24 | A kind of aircraft engine fires lubricating oil integrated heat exchange device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106762150A true CN106762150A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
CN106762150B CN106762150B (en) | 2018-06-12 |
Family
ID=58911146
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201611051547.XA Active CN106762150B (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2016-11-24 | A kind of aircraft engine fires lubricating oil integrated heat exchange device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106762150B (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109580209A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-04-05 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | A kind of alternating-current generator of airplane combustion oil cooler service life experimental testers |
CN110043342A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-23 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | A kind of high compression ignition oil cooler of aero-engine |
CN110080881A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-08-02 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of integrated heat-exchange device for realizing secondary heat exchange |
CN111535927A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-14 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | Lubricating oil filtering double-valve type lubricating oil burning radiator |
CN111559516A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-21 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | Waste heat recycling system and method |
CN111852658A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-30 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | High-temperature and high-pressure tube-shell type lubricating oil burning radiator |
CN112610296A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-06 | 中国航空工业集团公司成都飞机设计研究所 | Lubricating oil cooling system |
CN114275168A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-05 | 彩虹无人机科技有限公司 | Fuel oil system with heat dissipation function and aircraft |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4041697A (en) * | 1975-07-17 | 1977-08-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Oil cooling system for a gas turbine engine |
CN101270690A (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2008-09-24 | 北京航空航天大学 | Fuel oil and lubricating oil heat exchanger of light aircraft engine |
GB201308709D0 (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-06-26 | Rolls Royce Plc | Method and system for monitoring the performance of a heat exchanger |
CN103821648A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-05-28 | 上海海事大学 | Marine heavy fuel oil purifying and heating system |
CN104197776A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-10 | 广州飞机维修工程有限公司 | Anti-explosion washing equipment of civil aircraft fuel oil and lubricating oil heat exchanger |
-
2016
- 2016-11-24 CN CN201611051547.XA patent/CN106762150B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4041697A (en) * | 1975-07-17 | 1977-08-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Oil cooling system for a gas turbine engine |
CN101270690A (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2008-09-24 | 北京航空航天大学 | Fuel oil and lubricating oil heat exchanger of light aircraft engine |
GB201308709D0 (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-06-26 | Rolls Royce Plc | Method and system for monitoring the performance of a heat exchanger |
CN103821648A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-05-28 | 上海海事大学 | Marine heavy fuel oil purifying and heating system |
CN104197776A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-10 | 广州飞机维修工程有限公司 | Anti-explosion washing equipment of civil aircraft fuel oil and lubricating oil heat exchanger |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109580209B (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2020-11-20 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | Testing device for life test of fuel oil radiator of aircraft alternating-current generator |
CN109580209A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-04-05 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | A kind of alternating-current generator of airplane combustion oil cooler service life experimental testers |
CN110080881A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-08-02 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of integrated heat-exchange device for realizing secondary heat exchange |
CN110043342A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-23 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | A kind of high compression ignition oil cooler of aero-engine |
CN111535927A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-14 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | Lubricating oil filtering double-valve type lubricating oil burning radiator |
CN111535927B (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2021-03-16 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | Lubricating oil filtering double-valve type lubricating oil burning radiator |
CN111559516A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-21 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | Waste heat recycling system and method |
CN111559516B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2022-03-25 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | Waste heat recycling system and method |
CN111852658A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-30 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | High-temperature and high-pressure tube-shell type lubricating oil burning radiator |
CN111852658B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2021-05-18 | 大连理工大学 | High-temperature and high-pressure tube-shell type lubricating oil burning radiator |
CN112610296A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-06 | 中国航空工业集团公司成都飞机设计研究所 | Lubricating oil cooling system |
CN112610296B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-07-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司成都飞机设计研究所 | Lubricating oil cooling system |
CN114275168A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-05 | 彩虹无人机科技有限公司 | Fuel oil system with heat dissipation function and aircraft |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN106762150B (en) | 2018-06-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN106762150A (en) | A kind of aircraft engine fires lubricating oil integrated heat exchange device | |
CN105972194B (en) | A kind of lubricating and cooling system for vehicle gear box | |
CN103174704B (en) | Hydraulic oil filtration system and hydraulic shovel | |
CN105221304B (en) | Efficient low-resistance integrated air cleaner | |
US9441598B2 (en) | Aircraft fuel filter impending and actual bypass indication system | |
CN103335201B (en) | A kind of intelligent hydraulic station | |
CN202851531U (en) | Double-precision filter | |
CN202146673U (en) | Vacuum oil filter | |
CN211924354U (en) | Fuel filter containing memory spring | |
CN211075518U (en) | Automobile oil tank sensor head with filter screen for direct filtration | |
CN209637837U (en) | Safe integrated form oil-filter asgine oil conditioner | |
CN207485492U (en) | A kind of integrated lubrication and low-voltage fuel device | |
CN206636612U (en) | Oil filtration system | |
CN203702432U (en) | Preheating starting engine | |
CN209324568U (en) | Dual Double-layer filter type fuel filter | |
CN209213419U (en) | A kind of thin oil lubricating device | |
CN209671209U (en) | A kind of vertical screw one air compressor machine being easily installed | |
CN206647148U (en) | The connecting seat of oil strainer | |
CN208578605U (en) | A kind of engine and its filter block assembly | |
CN206376910U (en) | A kind of oil filter check-valves | |
CN206636613U (en) | Double grade engine oil filter assembly | |
CN205478682U (en) | External hydraulic pump cooler of aircraft | |
CN108266297A (en) | A kind of automobile fuel oil filter | |
CN206972330U (en) | A kind of efficient combination machine oil filter core | |
CN201034038Y (en) | Engine top-through thermoregulator module |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |