CN106762143B - 太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统 - Google Patents
太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
本发明涉及能源技术领域,公开了一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,包括:尾气重整器、太阳能重整器以及设有燃烧室和燃气透平的燃气轮机。其中,尾气重整器的反应侧出口与太阳能重整器入口相连接,烟气侧入口和燃气透平的排气侧相连接,且尾气重整器设置有燃料入口;太阳能重整器的出口侧与燃烧室入口侧相连接;燃料在燃烧室燃烧后,在燃气透平内做功,所生成的尾气进入尾气重整器;燃料与水蒸汽混合后从燃料入口进入尾气重整器的反应侧,在尾气的加热作用下发生重整反应并生成合成气,合成气进入太阳能重整器后通过吸收聚焦太阳能,发生进一步重整反应,并供应给燃烧室。该太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统能够提高能量利用效率。
Description
本发明要求了申请号为CN201610236918.5,申请日为2016年4月15日,名称为一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统及其方法的中国发明专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及能源技术领域,特别涉及一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统。
背景技术
全球太阳能辐射总量约1.7×1017W,其中我国约占1%(1.8×1015W,相当于1.9万亿吨标煤/年),是我国目前年能耗总量的680倍。电力是世界上消耗量最大的二次能源,太阳能发电技术是缓解当前能源危机的有效手段,应用前景极广。
太阳能发电技术主要分为光伏发电和光热发电两大类。光伏发电主要是利用光伏电池板的光电效应进行发电。该技术目前主要存在三大缺点:(1)发电功率随太阳光强度变化而变化,在晚上和阴雨天完全不能发电,对电网冲击大;(2)太阳光流密度低,单位发电容量所需的光伏电池板面积大,而光伏电池板制造过程污染严重、成本很高;(3)光伏电池板对太阳能光谱的响应波段主要集中在高频短波区域(400<λ<1100nm),低频长波区域的能量则大部分转化为热量,致使光伏电池板温度升高、光电转换效率降低、使用寿命缩短。对于昼夜不连续的问题,光伏发电技术本身难以克服,主要依靠蓄电池或蓄能发电系统(如蓄能水电站等)配套补充,成本很高。
太阳能热发电主要有槽式热发电、线性菲涅尔热发电、塔式热发电和碟式热发电技术。基本原理主要是利用聚光抛物面反射镜(槽式镜、线性菲涅尔镜、塔式定日镜以及碟式镜)将太阳光聚集起来,通过光热转换及换热装置产生蒸汽或加热流体驱动热机进行发电;其优点在于该技术可吸收全波段的太阳光、可通过蓄热以及燃料补充实现昼夜连续发电。
常见的太阳能热发电系统中的热机采用的是蒸汽轮机,系统复杂,效率不高。燃气轮机也是一种热机,简单燃气轮机系统由压缩机、燃烧室和燃气透平组成。其具有比功率大,振动噪声小,寿命长,易于维护等有点,应用越来越广,但是简单燃气轮机循环的效率较低,尾气排放热损失大,一般与水蒸汽朗肯循环联合使用,提高系统整体效率。
一般太阳能燃气轮机系统是在简单太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统中增加太阳能空气集热器,即从压缩机出来的空气经过太阳能空气集热器预热,再进入燃烧室燃烧生成高温燃气,最后进入燃气透平对外做功。
相比于简单燃气轮机系统而言,太阳能燃气轮机系统的提高了进入燃烧室的空气热量,减少了燃料消耗量。但是,无论是简单燃气轮机系统还是太阳能燃气轮机系统,其燃气透平排气温度很高,热损失大。尽管采用的燃气-蒸汽联合循环系统可以提高系统效率,但是过于复杂,成本太高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,该太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统能够提高能量利用效率。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,包括:尾气重整器、太阳能重整器以及设有燃烧室和燃气透平的燃气轮机;
其中,尾气重整器的反应侧出口与太阳能重整器入口相连接,烟气侧入口和燃气透平的排气侧相连接,且尾气重整器设置有燃料入口;
太阳能重整器的出口侧与燃烧室入口侧相连接;燃料在燃烧室燃烧后,在燃气透平内做功,所生成的尾气进入尾气重整器;
燃料与水蒸汽混合后从燃料入口进入尾气重整器,在尾气的作用下发生重整反应并生成重整反应合成气,合成气进入太阳能重整器后通过吸收聚焦太阳能,发生进一步重整反应,并供应给燃烧室。
相对于现有技术而言,本发明通过在太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统中设置了尾气重整器和太阳能重整器,使得从燃气透平做功后生成的尾气的热量能够在尾气重整器中得到再利用,因此减少了尾气排放损失,提高了系统效率,避免了复杂的水蒸汽朗肯循环的使用,简化了系统,提高系统的紧凑型,方便系统的安装和维护。并且,在本发明中,利用太阳能重整器对合成气进一步加热发生重整反应,提高了太阳能在系统中供能的占比,减小了燃料的用量,降低了排放,提高了太阳能发电站的经济效益。此外,由于最终进入燃烧室的合成气含有大量的氢气和水蒸汽,降低了燃烧室中的火焰温度,因此氮氧化物排放大幅减小。
作为优选,太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统还包括:混合器、余热蒸汽发生器和燃料压缩机;
混合器分别与余热蒸汽发生器水侧的水蒸汽出口、尾气重整器的燃料入口、燃料压缩机出口相连接,
余热蒸汽发生器的烟气侧与尾气重整器的烟气侧相连接,余热蒸汽发生器上设有给水入口;
给水从给水入口进入余热蒸汽发生器,在尾气的加热下蒸发成水蒸气,并进入到混合器中,燃料和水蒸汽在该混合器内混合并通过燃料入口进入尾气重整器。
通过余热蒸汽发生器进一步地利用了尾气的热量来加热水蒸气,省去了采用其它系统加热水蒸气所可能产生的能耗,因此进一步地提高了系统的整体效率,降低了能耗和排放。
进一步地,作为优选,太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统还包括:尾气冷凝器;
余热蒸汽发生器的烟气侧设置有尾气出口,尾气出口与尾气冷凝器相连,从尾气出口排出的尾气进入尾气冷凝器,尾气中的水蒸气在尾气冷凝器中冷凝,并回收冷凝水。
通过设置尾气冷凝器,所回收冷凝水可以大幅度地减少系统的水消耗量,降低生产成本。
另外,作为优选,尾气重整器和/或太阳能重整器的反应侧填有镍基催化剂。利用镍基催化剂可以提高尾气重整器和太阳能重整器的反应效率,加快重整反应。
此外,作为优选,燃气轮机还包括太阳能空气集热器,太阳能空气集热器与燃烧室相连接;
空气进入太阳能空气集热器,被聚焦太阳光加热后进入燃烧室,与燃料发生燃烧。
利用太阳能空气集热器来加热进入燃烧室的空气,不但可以提高燃烧室内的反应效率,使得反应更加完全,而且经过预热的空气也可以减少燃料的使用量,降低成本。
进一步地,作为优选,燃气轮机还包括压缩机组件,压缩机组件的出口与太阳能空气集热器连接,
空气进入压缩机组件,经过压缩后进入太阳能空气集热器。
经过压缩的空气进入太阳能空气集热器,可以加大单位体积空气的载热量,提高太阳能空气集热器的使用效果。
更进一步地,作为优选,压缩机组件包括低压压缩机和高压压缩机,以及设置在低压压缩机和高压压缩机之间的中间冷却器;
中间冷却器用于冷却从低压压缩机出来的压缩空气。
通过设置了中间冷却器,使得进入高压缩机的空气温度大幅降低,减小了高压压缩机的耗功,提高了系统的效率。
作为优选,在本发明中,空气集热器为管式集热器或容积式集热器中的一种或两者的组合。
作为优选,在本发明中,太阳能空气集热器的聚焦太阳光由塔式聚光系统、碟式聚光系统、槽式聚光系统或者线性菲涅尔式聚光系统中的一种或者多种提供。
作为优选,在本发明中,太阳能重整器的聚焦太阳光由塔式聚光系统、碟式聚光系统、槽式聚光系统或者线性菲涅尔式聚光系统中的一种或者多种提供。
作为优选,在本发明中,燃料为气体、液体或固体燃料中的一种或多种,气体燃料包括天然气或者页岩气,液体燃料包括柴油或者生物质油,固体燃料包括煤炭或者生物质炭。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施方式太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统的示意图;
图2是本发明第三实施方式太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统的示意图;
图3是本发明第四实施方式太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统的示意图;
图4是本发明第五实施方式太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统的示意图;
图5是本发明第六实施方式太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统的示意图;
图6是本发明第八实施方式太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统的示意图。
附图标记说明:
1-压缩机组件;2-太阳能空气集热器;3-燃烧室;4-燃气透平;5-发电机;6-燃料压缩机;7-尾气重整器;8-混合器;9-余热蒸汽发生器;10-给水泵;11-太阳能重整器;12-尾气冷凝器。
具体实施方式
实施方式一
本发明的第一实施方式提供了一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,参见图1所示,包括:尾气重整器7、太阳能重整器11以及设有燃烧室3和燃气透平4的燃气轮机;
其中,尾气重整器7的反应侧出口与太阳能重整器11入口相连接,烟气入口侧和燃气透平4的排气侧相连接,且尾气重整器7设置有燃料入口;
太阳能重整器11的出口侧与燃烧室3入口侧相连接;燃料在燃烧室3燃烧后,在燃气透平4内做功,所生成的尾气进入尾气重整器7;
燃料与水蒸汽混合后从燃料入口进入尾气重整器7,在尾气的作用下发生重整反应并生成重整反应混合物作为合成气,合成气进入太阳能重整器11后通过吸收聚焦太阳能,发生进一步重整反应,并供应给燃烧室3。
尾气重整器7利用尾气热量加热水蒸汽和燃料混合物,分为烟气侧和反应侧,烟气侧流过尾气,提供反应所需热量,反应侧发生重整反应生产合成气,以甲烷和水蒸汽为例,重整反应化学方程式为:
CH4+H2O=CO+3H2;
CO+H2O=CO2+H2;
重整后,合成气为甲烷、水蒸汽、一氧化碳、二氧化碳和氢气的混合物,使得合成气的出口温度达到500℃以上。由于该总反应为吸热反应,因此可以回收尾气的余热,减小排放,提高系统效率。显然,尾气重整器7内发生的重整反应并不限于这一种反应,还可以是其它形式的反应。
而太阳能重整器11利用聚焦太阳光进一步加热在反应侧中从尾气重整器7出来的合成气,促进甲烷和水蒸汽的进一步的重整反应,可以使得合成气的出口温度达到800℃以上。其反应机理与尾气重整器7一致,吸收大量的太阳能进入动力循环,大幅提高了太阳能的比例,降低了燃料的使用量。
在本实施方式中,太阳能重整器11的聚焦太阳光由塔式聚光系统、碟式聚光系统、槽式聚光系统或者线性菲涅尔式聚光系统中的一种或者多种提供。本领域普通技术人员可以根据实际需要选择太阳能重整器11的类型,这并不对本发明的技术方案构成限定。
在本实施方式中,燃料为气体、液体或固体燃料中的一种或多种,气体燃料包括天然气或者页岩气,液体燃料包括柴油或者生物质油,固体燃料包括煤炭或者生物质炭。具体的燃料形式可以根据燃烧室3的情况来决定,因此并不限于上述的这些种类。
相对于现有技术而言,本发明通过在太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统中设置了尾气重整器7和太阳能重整器11,使得从燃气透平4做功后生成的尾气的热量能够在尾气重整器7中得到再利用,因此减少了尾气排放损失,提高了系统效率,避免了复杂的水蒸汽朗肯循环的使用,简化了系统,提高系统的紧凑型,方便系统的安装和维护。并且,在本发明中,利用太阳能重整器11对合成气进一步加热发生重整反应,提高了太阳能在系统中供能的占比,减小了燃料的用量,进而提高了系统效率,降低了排放,提高了太阳能发电站的经济效益。此外,由于最终进入燃烧室的合成气含有大量的氢气和水蒸汽,降低了燃烧室3中的火焰温度,因此氮氧化物排放大幅减小。
实施方式二
本发明的第二实施方式提供了一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,第二实施方式是第一实施方式的进一步改进,主要改进之处在于,在本发明的第二实施方式中,尾气重整器7和/或太阳能重整器11的反应侧填有镍基催化剂。
利用镍基催化剂可以提高尾气重整器7和太阳能重整器11的反应效率,加快重整反应。
实施方式三
本发明的第二实施方式提供了一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,第三实施方式是第一或第二实施方式的进一步改进,主要改进之处在于,在本发明的第三实施方式中,参见图2所示,太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统还包括:混合器8、余热蒸汽发生器9和燃料压缩机6;
混合器8分别与余热蒸汽发生器9水侧的水蒸汽出口、尾气重整器7的燃料入口、燃料压缩机6出口相连接,
余热蒸汽发生器9的烟气侧与尾气重整器7的烟气侧相连接,余热蒸汽发生器9上设有给水入口;
给水从给水入口进入余热蒸汽发生器9,在尾气的加热下蒸发成水蒸气,并进入到混合器8中,燃料和水蒸汽在该混合器8内混合并通过燃料入口进入尾气重整器7。
通过余热蒸汽发生器9进一步地利用了尾气的热量来加热水蒸气,省去了采用其它系统加热水蒸气所可能产生的能耗,因此进一步地提高了系统的整体效率,降低了能耗和排放。经过测算,从余热蒸汽发生器9排走的尾气温度可以降低到130℃,系统整体效率达到47%,比燃气轮机简单循环提高11个百分点,使得太阳能输入与燃料热量输入之比达到4:1,极大地节约了燃料的使用。
值得一提的是,在本实施方式中,给水可以通过给水泵10注入给水入口,利用给水泵10可以保证注入的水压。
实施方式四
本发明的第四实施方式提供了一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,第四实施方式是第三实施方式的进一步改进,主要改进之处在于,在本发明的第四实施方式中,参见图3所示,太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统还包括:尾气冷凝器12;
余热蒸汽发生器9的烟气侧设置有尾气出口,尾气出口与尾气冷凝器12相连,从尾气出口排出的尾气进入尾气冷凝器12,尾气中的水蒸气在尾气冷凝器12中冷凝,并回收冷凝水。
通过设置尾气冷凝器12,所回收冷凝水可以大幅度地减少系统的水消耗量,降低生产成本。
实施方式五
本发明的第五实施方式提供了一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,第五实施方式是第一至第四实施方式中任意一实施方式的进一步改进,主要改进之处在于,在本发明的第五实施方式中,参见图4所示,燃气轮机还包括太阳能空气集热器2,太阳能空气集热器2与燃烧室3相连接;
空气进入太阳能空气集热器2,被聚焦太阳光加热后进入燃烧室3,与燃料结合发生燃烧。
利用太阳能空气集热器2来加热进入燃烧室3的空气,不但可以提高燃烧室3内的反应效率,使得反应更加完全,而且经过预热的空气也可以减少燃料的使用量,降低成本。
值得一提的是,在本实施方式中,空气集热器为管式集热器或容积式集热器中的一种或两者的组合。当然,本领域普通技术人员依然可以根据具体的应用场景来选择空气集热器的类型,因此并不限于上述的这些种类。
而且,在本实施方式中,太阳能空气集热器2的聚焦太阳光由塔式聚光系统、碟式聚光系统、槽式聚光系统或者线性菲涅尔式聚光系统中的一种或者多种提供。同样的,本领域普通技术人员可以根据需要要选用合适的聚焦方案。
实施方式六
本发明的第六实施方式提供了一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,第六实施方式是第五实施方式的进一步改进,主要改进之处在于,在本发明的第六实施方式中,参见图5所示,燃气轮机还包括压缩机组件1,压缩机组件1的出口与太阳能空气集热器2连接,
空气进入压缩机组件1,经过压缩后进入太阳能空气集热器2。
经过压缩的空气进入太阳能空气集热器2,可以加大单位体积空气的载热量,提高太阳能空气集热器2的使用效果。
值得一提的是,在本实施方式中,参见图5所示,压缩机组件1与燃气透平4通过转轴相连接,通过燃气透平4的转轴为压缩机组件1做功,可以省去压缩机组件1的动力源,使得系统构成得以简化。
实施方式七
本发明的第七实施方式提供了一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,第七实施方式是第六实施方式的进一步改进,主要改进之处在于,在本发明的第七实施方式中,压缩机组件1包括低压压缩机和高压压缩机,以及设置在低压压缩机和高压压缩机之间的中间冷却器;
中间冷却器用于冷却从低压压缩机出来的压缩空气。
通过设置了中间冷却器,使得进入高压缩机的空气温度大幅降低,减小了高压压缩机的耗功,提高了系统的效率。
实施方式八
本发明的第八实施方式提供了一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,第八实施方式是第一至第七实施方式中任意一实施方式的进一步改进,主要改进之处在于,在本发明的第八实施方式中,参见图6所示,太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统还包括发电机5。
发电机5和燃气透平4通过转轴相连,由燃气透平4为发电机5直接供应能量。
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解,在上述的各实施方式中,为了使读者更好地理解本申请而提出了许多技术细节。但是,即使没有这些技术细节和基于上述各实施方式的种种变化和修改,也可以基本实现本申请各权利要求所要求保护的技术方案。因此,在实际应用中,可以在形式上和细节上对上述实施方式作各种改变,而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,其特征在于,包括:尾气重整器(7)、太阳能重整器(11)、设有燃烧室(3)和燃气透平(4)的燃气轮机、混合器(8)以及余热蒸汽发生器(9);所述尾气重整器(7)的反应侧出口与所述太阳能重整器(11)入口相连接,烟气侧入口和所述燃气透平(4)的排气侧相连接,且所述尾气重整器(7)设置有燃料入口;
所述太阳能重整器(11)的出口侧与所述燃烧室(3)入口侧相连接;燃料在所述燃烧室(3)燃烧后,在所述燃气透平(4)内做功,所生成的尾气进入所述尾气重整器(7);
燃料与水蒸汽混合后从燃料入口进入所述尾气重整器(7),在所述尾气的加热作用下发生重整反应并生成重整反应合成气,所述合成气进入所述太阳能重整器(11)后通过吸收聚焦太阳能,发生进一步重整反应,并供应给所述燃烧室(3);
所述余热蒸汽发生器(9)的烟气侧与所述尾气重整器(7)的烟气侧相连接,所述余热蒸汽发生器(9)上设有给水入口;
给水从给水入口进入余热蒸汽发生器(9),在尾气的加热下蒸发成水蒸气,并进入到混合器(8)中,燃料和水蒸汽在该混合器(8)内混合并通过燃料入口进入所述尾气重整器(7)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,其特征在于:所述太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统还包括燃料压缩机(6);
所述混合器(8)分别与所述余热蒸汽发生器(9)水侧的水蒸汽出口、所述尾气重整器(7)的燃料入口、燃料压缩机(6)出口相连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,其特征在于:所述太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统还包括:尾气冷凝器(12);
所述余热蒸汽发生器(9)的烟气侧设置有尾气出口,所述尾气出口与尾气冷凝器(12)相连,从尾气出口排出的尾气进入尾气冷凝器(12),尾气中的水蒸气在尾气冷凝器(12)中冷凝,并回收冷凝水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,其特征在于:所述尾气重整器(7)和/或所述太阳能重整器(11)的反应侧填有镍基催化剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,其特征在于:所述燃气轮机还包括太阳能空气集热器(2),所述太阳能空气集热器(2)与所述燃烧室(3)相连接;
空气进入太阳能空气集热器(2),被聚焦太阳光加热后进入燃烧室(3),与燃料发生燃烧。
6.根据权利要求5所述的太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,其特征在于:所述燃气轮机还包括压缩机组件(1),所述压缩机组件(1)的出口与所述太阳能空气集热器(2)连接,
空气进入压缩机组件(1),经过压缩后进入所述太阳能空气集热器(2)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,其特征在于:所述压缩机组件(1)包括低压压缩机和高压压缩机,以及设置在所述低压压缩机和高压压缩机之间的中间冷却器;
所述中间冷却器用于冷却从低压压缩机出来的压缩空气。
8.根据权利要求5所述的太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,其特征在于:所述的太阳能空气集热器(2)为管式集热器或容积式集热器中的一种或两者的组合。
9.根据权利要求5所述的太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,其特征在于:所述的太阳能空气集热器(2)的聚焦太阳光由塔式聚光系统、碟式聚光系统、槽式聚光系统或者线性菲涅尔式聚光系统中的一种或者多种提供。
10.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能化学回热燃气轮机系统,其特征在于:所述的太阳能重整器(11)的聚焦太阳光由塔式聚光系统、碟式聚光系统、槽式聚光系统或者线性菲涅尔式聚光系统中的一种或者多种提供。
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