CN106760848A - A kind of damper for house bean column node - Google Patents
A kind of damper for house bean column node Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106760848A CN106760848A CN201611196540.7A CN201611196540A CN106760848A CN 106760848 A CN106760848 A CN 106760848A CN 201611196540 A CN201611196540 A CN 201611196540A CN 106760848 A CN106760848 A CN 106760848A
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- plate
- steel plate
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- house
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
- E04H9/0235—Anti-seismic devices with hydraulic or pneumatic damping
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of damper for house bean column node, the first connecting plate is fixed on the beam in house, and the second connecting plate is fixed on the post in house;One end of outer arc plate is mutually fixed with the first connecting plate, and one end of inner arc plate is mutually fixed with the second connecting plate, and outer panel is fixed on the side end face of outer arc plate, and interior plate is fixed on the side end face of inner arc plate;The both sides of outer panel and interior plate separation outer arc plate;Runner assembly includes that rotary shaft, junction steel plate, polylith rotate steel plate;Rotary shaft is arranged on outer arc plate, and one end of junction steel plate connects with rotary shaft, and polylith rotates the other end that steel plate is arranged on junction steel plate;Sliding shaft is pivotally arranged on inner arc plate, and sliding shaft is passed through with respect to the junction steel plate that sliding shaft is slided;Rotation steel plate or shearing steel plate are provided between two viscous-elastic material layers, shearing steel plate is mutually fixed with the second connecting plate.The present invention has good damping effect, belongs to the technical field of earthquake-resistant building.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of earthquake-resistant building, more particularly to a kind of damper for house bean column node.
Background technology
In recent years, China has carried out substantial amounts of research work in terms of the shock insulation of engineering structure, vibration damping and vibration control, takes
Obtain plentiful and substantial achievement in research.Traditional Aseismic Design teacher resists geological process by enhancing structure anti-seismic performance in itself, i.e.,
Stored in itself with structure with earthquake energy to meet Structural design earthquake level for earthquake resistant works:No damage in small earthquake, middle shake can be repaiied, and big shake is not
.And this antidetonation mode lacks capacity of self-regulation, under uncertain geological process, it is likely that being unsatisfactory for security will
Ask.And structural vibration control technology provides a rationally effective approach for structural seismic.Wherein, energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing is a kind of quilt
Dynamic control measure, are to guide the seismic energy of input structure into the especially mechanism of setting and element to be absorbed and consumed energy, so that
The safety of agent structure can be protected.
A lot of energy-consumption shock-absorption devices are had at present, but does not have the structure of Design enlargement in energy-consumption shock-absorption device, make to subtract
The effect of shake is amplified, and more obvious energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing is played in the presence of small.
The content of the invention
For technical problem present in prior art, the purpose of the present invention is:There is provided a kind of for house bean column node
Damper, with good damping effect.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that:
A kind of damper for house bean column node, including outer arc plate, inner arc plate, outer panel, interior plate, viscoelasticity material
The bed of material, runner assembly, shearing steel plate, the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate, sliding shaft;First connecting plate is fixed on house
Liang Shang, the second connecting plate is fixed on the post in house;One end of outer arc plate is mutually fixed with the first connecting plate, the other end of outer arc plate
And second leave space between connecting plate, one end of inner arc plate is mutually fixed with the second connecting plate, the other end of inner arc plate and first
Space is left between connecting plate;Outer panel is fixed on the side end face of outer arc plate, and sky is left between outer panel and the second connecting plate
Gap, interior plate is fixed on the side end face of inner arc plate, and space is left between interior plate and the first connecting plate;Outer panel and interior plate
The both sides of separation outer arc plate;Runner assembly includes that rotary shaft, junction steel plate, polylith rotate steel plate;Rotary shaft is arranged on outer arc plate
On, one end of junction steel plate connects with rotary shaft, and polylith rotates the other end that steel plate is arranged on junction steel plate;Sliding shaft is rotated
Formula ground is arranged on inner arc plate, and sliding shaft is passed through with respect to the junction steel plate that sliding shaft is slided;Two viscous-elastic material layers
Between be provided with rotation steel plate or shearing steel plate, shearing steel plate mutually fixes with the second connecting plate.
It is further:Outer panel is mutually fixed with viscous-elastic material layer, interior plate and another viscous-elastic material layer
It is mutually fixed.Outer panel and interior plate can deform upon corresponding viscous-elastic material layer, reach more preferable damping effect.
It is further:Outer arc plate is provided with the first rotation slot, and rotary shaft is placed in the first rotation slot.Simple structure, can
The weight of runner assembly is carried, is the essential condition that whole damper plays damping effect.
It is further:Inner arc plate is provided with the second rotation slot, and sliding shaft is pivotally arranged in the second rotation slot.
Simple structure, can be such that junction steel plate is rotated around the axis of sliding shaft, while junction steel plate is slided with respect to sliding shaft, finally
Reach damping effect.
It is further:Sliding shaft is provided with the through hole passed through for junction steel plate.Junction steel plate drives when swinging
Sliding shaft is rotated relative to inner arc plate, while junction steel plate is slided with respect to sliding shaft.
It is further:The end of junction steel plate is provided with multiple gap slots, and polylith rotates steel plate and is embedded in junction steel plate
On breach.The fixed form of junction steel plate and rotation steel plate is simply firm.
It is further:Junction steel plate is provided with the middle part breach passed through for shearing steel plate.In shearing steel plate and rotation
When component occurs relative displacement, shearing steel plate can be passed through from the middle part breach of junction steel plate, it is to avoid shearing steel plate touches company
Connect steel plate.
It is further:Viscous-elastic material layer has four, and shearing steel plate has one, rotate steel plate two, from front to back,
It is followed successively by viscous-elastic material layer, rotates steel plate, viscous-elastic material layer, shearing steel plate, viscous-elastic material layer, rotation steel plate, glutinous bullet
Property material layer.Viscous-elastic material layer, shearing steel plate, the quantity for rotating steel plate and put in order and can play more preferable damping effect.
It is further:Viscous-elastic material layer, shearing steel plate, the connected mode rotated between steel plate are vulcanization connection.Sulphur
Change mode is connected as the technology of maturation, and good damping effect.
It is further:First connecting plate and the second connecting plate are connected by rotating stand, and rotating stand includes being arranged on
The first bearing on first connecting plate and the second bearing being arranged on the second connecting plate, the second bearing are pivotally arranged on the
On one bearing.In the case where house bean column node is not vertical, the damper can also be applicable.
Generally speaking, the invention has the advantages that:
Simple structure of the present invention, substantially, damper has enlarge-effect, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate to damping effect
When there is some relative rotation displacements, by the rotation for rotating steel plate so that rotate steel plate and viscous-elastic material layer generation is larger
Relative displacement, so as to reach more preferable damping effect.Materials of the invention are simple, make easy, and it is convenient, stagnant to mount and dismount
Return stable performance, be easily changed, with important economy and use value, before structural seismic field has a wide range of applications
Scape.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is front view of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the stereogram of first direction of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the stereogram of second direction of the present invention, is not drawn into the beam and column in house.
Fig. 4 is the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate, viscous-elastic material layer, runner assembly, sliding shaft, shearing steel plate dress
The structural representation matched somebody with somebody.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of outer arc plate, inner arc plate.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of runner assembly first way.
Fig. 7 is sliding shaft, viscous-elastic material layer, the structural representation of shearing steel plate.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the runner assembly second way.
Wherein, 1 is the beam in house, and 2 is the post in house, and 3 is the first connecting plate, and 4 is the second connecting plate, and 5 is outer arc plate, 6
It is inner arc plate, 7 is outer panel, and 8 is interior plate, and 9 is rotary shaft, and 10 is junction steel plate, and 11 to rotate steel plate, and 12 is viscoelasticity material
The bed of material, 13 is shearing steel plate, and 14 is the first rotation slot, and 15 is the second rotation slot, and 16 is sliding shaft, and 17 is on sliding shaft
Through hole, 18 is the middle part breach on junction steel plate.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described in detail.
For sake of convenience, now hereafter described orientation is provided as follows:Hereafter described fore-and-aft direction up and down and Fig. 1
The fore-and-aft direction up and down of projection relation is consistent, and outer panel is in the front of interior plate.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 7, a kind of damper for house bean column node, including outer arc plate, inner arc plate, outside
Plate, interior plate, viscous-elastic material layer, runner assembly, shearing steel plate, the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate, sliding shaft.Outside
Plate, interior plate, viscous-elastic material layer, shearing steel plate are all set in vertical direction, and viscous-elastic material layer is generally in sector, the past
Seen in apparent direction, the center of circle of outer arc plate and the center of circle of inner arc plate are on same point.First connecting plate is fixed on the beam in house,
Second connecting plate is fixed on the post in house;One end (lower end of outer arc plate in Fig. 1) of outer arc plate is mutually fixed with the first connecting plate,
The other end (upper end of outer arc plate in Fig. 1) of outer arc plate leaves space, outer arc plate and the second connecting plate and the second connecting plate between
It is discontiguous.One end (upper end of inner arc plate in Fig. 1) of inner arc plate is mutually fixed, the other end of inner arc plate with the second connecting plate
(lower end of inner arc plate in Fig. 1) leaves space and the first connecting plate between, and inner arc plate is discontiguous with the first connecting plate.Outside
Plate is fixed on the side end face of outer arc plate (front end face), and space, the left side of outer panel are left between outer panel and the second connecting plate
It is discontiguous with the second connecting plate;Interior plate is fixed on the side end face of inner arc plate (rear end face), and interior plate and first is connected
Space is left between plate, the downside of interior plate is discontiguous with the first connecting plate.Outer panel and interior plate separation outer arc plate
Both sides, i.e. outer panel are located at the back of outer arc plate in the front end of outer arc plate, interior plate, and interior plate also is located at the back of outer panel.
Runner assembly includes that rotary shaft, junction steel plate, polylith rotate steel plate;Junction steel plate and rotation steel plate are integrally formed and interfix
, rotary shaft can be rotated relative to junction steel plate, and rotary shaft can also mutually be fixed with junction steel plate;The design of runner assembly should
Ensure, when outer arc plate rotates, outer arc plate can promote junction steel plate to be rotated around the axis of sliding shaft, while junction steel plate
Slided with respect to sliding shaft.Rotary shaft be arranged on outer arc plate on, one end (upper end of junction steel plate in Fig. 1) of junction steel plate with turn
Moving axis connects, and polylith rotates the other end (lower end of junction steel plate in Fig. 1) that steel plate is arranged on junction steel plate;Sliding shaft is rotated
Formula ground is arranged on inner arc plate, and sliding shaft is passed through with respect to the junction steel plate that sliding shaft is slided;Two viscous-elastic material layers
Between be provided with rotation steel plate or shearing steel plate, shearing steel plate mutually fixes with the second connecting plate, and outer panel is mutually consolidated with viscous-elastic material layer
Fixed, interior plate is mutually fixed with viscous-elastic material layer.Viscous-elastic material layer and rotation steel plate and the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate
It is discontiguous.
With reference to shown in Fig. 5, outer arc plate is provided with the first rotation slot, and rotary shaft is placed in the first rotation slot.In practice, turn
Moving axis can be rotated relative to outer arc plate, and rotary shaft can also mutually be fixed with outer arc plate.Two axles can also be set on outer arc plate
Hold, two bearing holder (housing, cover)s are mounted in the two ends of rotary shaft.
With reference to shown in Fig. 5, inner arc plate is provided with the second rotation slot, and sliding shaft is pivotally arranged on the second rotation slot
It is interior.Two bearings can be set on inner arc plate, and two bearing holder (housing, cover)s are mounted in the two ends of sliding shaft.
With reference to shown in Fig. 7, sliding shaft is provided with the through hole passed through for junction steel plate.Junction steel plate is sliding in plate-like
Dynamic rotating shaft is provided with square opening, and junction steel plate passes through the square opening on sliding shaft.Junction steel plate drives slip to turn when swinging
Axle is rotated relative to inner arc plate, while junction steel plate is slided with respect to sliding shaft.
With reference to shown in Fig. 6, the end (lower end of junction steel plate in Fig. 1) of junction steel plate is provided with multiple gap slots, gap slot
Quantity with rotate steel plate quantity it is consistent, polylith rotation steel plate be embedded on the gap slot of junction steel plate.With reference to shown in Fig. 8,
Can also be not provided with gap slot on junction steel plate, junction steel plate and rotate the joint of steel plate using by the way of welding or other
Mode is fixed together.
The middle part breach passed through for shearing steel plate is additionally provided with reference to shown in Fig. 6, on junction steel plate.Shearing steel plate and turn
When dynamic component occurs relative displacement, shearing steel plate can be passed through from the middle part breach of junction steel plate, it is to avoid shearing steel plate is touched
Junction steel plate.
One shearing steel plate or a rotation steel plate should be set between two viscous-elastic material layers.In the present invention, stick
Elastomeric layer has four, and shearing steel plate has one, rotate steel plate two, and a kind of their order of connection is, from front to back,
It is followed successively by viscous-elastic material layer, rotates steel plate, viscous-elastic material layer, shearing steel plate, viscous-elastic material layer, rotation steel plate, glutinous bullet
Property material layer.Viscous-elastic material layer, shearing steel plate, the connected mode rotated between steel plate are vulcanization connection, viscous-elastic material layer
It is not in contact with the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate with steel plate is rotated, the viscous-elastic material layer of foremost is mutually solid with outer panel
Fixed, rearmost viscous-elastic material layer is mutually fixed with interior plate.In actually used, viscous-elastic material layer, shearing steel plate, rotation steel
The quantity of plate should be selected according to actual conditions.
In general, the beam in house is horizontally disposed, the post in house is vertically arranged, i.e. the bean column node in house is
Vertical situation, now, the first connection plate level is fixed, and the second connecting plate is fixed vertically.When the beam in house has certain inclination
During angle, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate can be connected by rotating stand.Rotating stand includes being arranged on the first connection
The first bearing and the second bearing being arranged on the second connecting plate on plate, the second bearing are pivotally arranged on the first bearing
On;The mounting means of the first bearing and the second bearing similar to axle and the mounting means of bearing, the first bearing and the second bearing
Can be installed using other modes.
Occur in earthquake, when the beam in house and the post in house relatively rotate, for example, when the beam in house is rotated up,
The upward rotation displacement of house beam or rotation trend are rotated up the first connecting plate, and the first connecting plate drives outer arc plate to turn upwards
Dynamic, outer arc plate promotes junction steel plate to be rotated around the axis of sliding shaft, while junction steel plate is slided with respect to sliding shaft, and then
So that rotating steel plate and the relative corner displacement of viscous-elastic material layer generation so that shearing steel plate, rotation steel plate and viscoelasticity material
There is relative corner displacement between bed of material three, viscous-elastic material layer is deformed upon, viscous-elastic material layer rotate steel plate and
Deformed upon between shearing steel plate, so that earthquake energy, reaches the effect of damping.Because outer panel is fixed on the first connection
On plate, and outer panel is mutually closely connected with the viscous-elastic material layer of foremost, therefore, the rotation of the first connecting plate can also drive
Outer panel rotates, so that the viscous-elastic material layer of foremost is deformed upon, can reach more preferable damping effect.
And for example, when the post in house is rotated down, the downward rotation displacement of house post or rotation trend make the second connecting plate
Rotate down, the second connecting plate drives shearing steel plate and inner arc plate to rotate down, inner arc plate promotes junction steel plate to turn around slip
The axis of axle is rotated, while junction steel plate is slided with respect to sliding shaft so that shearing steel plate, rotation steel plate and viscous-elastic material layer
There is relative corner displacement between three, viscous-elastic material layer is deformed upon, and viscous-elastic material layer is rotating steel plate and shearing
Deformed upon between steel plate, so that earthquake energy, reaches the effect of damping.Because interior plate is fixed on the second connecting plate
On, and interior plate and rearmost viscous-elastic material layer is mutually closely connected, therefore, the rotation of the second connecting plate can also drive interior
Side plate rotates, so that rearmost viscous-elastic material layer is deformed upon, can reach more preferable damping effect.
Because outer panel and the second connecting plate leave enough spaces, interior plate and the first connecting plate leave enough skies
Gap, therefore when earthquake occurs, outer panel will not touch the second connecting plate, interior plate will not touch the first connecting plate, keep away
Exempt from damper failure.
The damper has enlarge-effect, when the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate occur some relative rotation displacements, leads to
Cross the rotation for rotating steel plate so that rotation steel plate and viscous-elastic material layer occur larger relative displacement, that is, rotate steel plate and stick
Displacement equations between elastomeric layer, so as to reach more preferable damping effect.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably implementation method, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, it is other it is any without departing from Spirit Essence of the invention and the change, modification, replacement made under principle, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of damper for house bean column node, it is characterised in that:Including outer arc plate, inner arc plate, outer panel, inner side
Plate, viscous-elastic material layer, runner assembly, shearing steel plate, the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate, sliding shaft;First connecting plate is consolidated
It is scheduled on the beam in house, the second connecting plate is fixed on the post in house;One end of outer arc plate is mutually fixed with the first connecting plate, outer arc
Space is left between the other end of plate and the second connecting plate, one end of inner arc plate is mutually fixed with the second connecting plate, inner arc plate it is another
Space is left between one end and the first connecting plate;Outer panel is fixed on the side end face of outer arc plate, outer panel and the second connecting plate
Between leave space, interior plate is fixed on the side end face of inner arc plate, and space is left between interior plate and the first connecting plate;Outside
The both sides of plate and interior plate separation outer arc plate;Runner assembly includes that rotary shaft, junction steel plate, polylith rotate steel plate;Rotary shaft is pacified
On outer arc plate, one end of junction steel plate connects with rotary shaft, and polylith rotates the other end that steel plate is arranged on junction steel plate;It is sliding
Dynamic axis of rotation formula ground is arranged on inner arc plate, and sliding shaft is passed through with respect to the junction steel plate that sliding shaft is slided;Two glutinous bullets
Property material layer between be provided with rotation steel plate or shearing steel plate, shearing steel plate mutually fixes with the second connecting plate.
2. according to a kind of damper for house bean column node described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Outer panel and one
Viscous-elastic material layer is mutually fixed, and interior plate is mutually fixed with another viscous-elastic material layer.
3. according to a kind of damper for house bean column node described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Outer arc plate is provided with
First rotation slot, rotary shaft is placed in the first rotation slot.
4. according to a kind of damper for house bean column node described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Inner arc plate is provided with
Second rotation slot, sliding shaft is pivotally arranged in the second rotation slot.
5. according to a kind of damper for house bean column node described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Set on sliding shaft
There is the through hole passed through for junction steel plate.
6. according to a kind of damper for house bean column node described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The end of junction steel plate
Portion is provided with multiple gap slots, and polylith rotates steel plate and is embedded on the breach of junction steel plate.
7. according to a kind of damper for house bean column node described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Set on junction steel plate
There is the middle part breach passed through for shearing steel plate.
8. according to a kind of damper for house bean column node described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Viscous-elastic material layer
There are four, shearing steel plate has one, rotate steel plate there are two, from front to back, be followed successively by viscous-elastic material layer, rotate steel plate, glutinous
Elastomeric layer, shearing steel plate, viscous-elastic material layer, rotation steel plate, viscous-elastic material layer.
9. according to a kind of damper for house bean column node described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Viscous-elastic material
Layer, shearing steel plate, the connected mode rotated between steel plate are vulcanization connection.
10. according to a kind of damper for house bean column node described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:First connecting plate
Connected by rotating stand with the second connecting plate, rotating stand includes the first bearing being arranged on the first connecting plate and is arranged on
The second bearing on second connecting plate, the second bearing is pivotally arranged on the first bearing.
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CN201611196540.7A CN106760848A (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2016-12-22 | A kind of damper for house bean column node |
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CN201611196540.7A CN106760848A (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2016-12-22 | A kind of damper for house bean column node |
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CN107100407A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-08-29 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of fan-shaped support rotation amplifying type node shearing damp device |
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CN108179824A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-06-19 | 广州大学 | A kind of damper for house bean column node |
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CN109208991A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-15 | 广州大学 | A kind of energy consuming mechanism connecting upper beam and underbeam |
CN109113200A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-01 | 广州大学 | A kind of beam-column hinged node of bilateral damping |
CN109208991B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2023-05-30 | 广州大学 | Energy dissipation mechanism for connecting upper beam and lower beam |
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CN109057067A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-21 | 广州大学 | A kind of attachment device enhancing node energy dissipation capacity |
CN112095791A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-18 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Shape memory alloy damper enhanced mortise and tenon joint and enhancement method thereof |
CN113863490A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Assembly type self-resetting rotation constraint type concrete beam column joint connecting structure and assembling method |
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Application publication date: 20170531 |