CN106756996A - A kind of rare earth modified laser cladding layer and its preparation technology - Google Patents
A kind of rare earth modified laser cladding layer and its preparation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN106756996A CN106756996A CN201611113999.6A CN201611113999A CN106756996A CN 106756996 A CN106756996 A CN 106756996A CN 201611113999 A CN201611113999 A CN 201611113999A CN 106756996 A CN106756996 A CN 106756996A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of rare earth modified laser cladding layer and its preparation technology.On titanium alloy substrate, with Ni60A Co-based alloy powders, B4C or nickel bag B4C(Ni@B4C), micron or nanometer level RE oxide prepare rare earth modified laser cladding layer for cladding material laser melting coating.Part R2O3R and O can be decomposed into.Rare-earth element R can be adsorbed in crystal boundary, hinder crystal boundary movement;The surface tension and Critical nucleation radius of liquid metal can also be reduced, nucleation rate is improved, so that thinning microstructure.Step is simple and convenient to operate, practical.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal surface properties modification and reinforcement technique field, more particularly to a kind of rare earth modified laser melting coating
Layer and its preparation technology.
Background technology
Laser melting and coating technique, be the material cladding that will be added using high energy laser beam in substrate surface, formation is in base material
The cladding layer that existing metallurgy rank is combined, improves the surface propertys such as case hardness, wearability, corrosion resistance, the antioxygenic property of base material.
Surface peening and modification are carried out to metal materials such as steel, titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, magnesium alloys using laser melting and coating technique,
As one of current study hotspot.
Laser melting and coating technique has advantages below:
(1) it is made up of and suitable laser melting coating parameter cladding material reasonable in design, fine microstructures can be obtained
Cladding layer fine and close and that metallurgical binding is presented with matrix, realizes the improvement of substrate performance;
(2) cooling velocity fast (up to 10 when solidifying6DEG C/s), with rapid solidification structure feature, it is easy to obtain amorphous sub-
Steady phase, ultra-fine or even nanoscale disperse educt mutually improve coating texture and performance;
(3) coating composition, thickness are controllable, and heat affected area is small, influence small to base material;
(4) constituency cladding can be carried out, increasing material manufacturing is realized, stock utilization is high;
(5) technical process is easy to automate, high in machining efficiency, is capable of achieving high efficiency manufacture.
In laser cladding process, the design of cladding material is most important, is related to success or failure and the cladding layer of cladding process
Performance.The self-fluxing alloyed powders such as Ni bases, Fe bases, Co bases due to good deoxidation slag making function, while again with majority gold
Category material has good wetability, being most widely used in laser melting coating.On this basis, the performance according to material will
Ask, the ceramic particles such as various dystectic carbide, nitride, boride and oxide are added in self-melting alloy, or it is logical
The mode for crossing reaction in-situ forms ceramic strengthening phase in cladding layer, forms cermet composite coating, further improves titanium and closes
The microhardness and wearability of gold so that the application prospect of laser melting and coating technique is more wide.
Some rare earth oxides are introduced in laser cladding of material, helps to refine the microstructure of cladding layer, further
Improve coating performance.In recent years, nano material is due to good calorifics, magnetics, optics, superconductivity and chemical catalysis
Matter, and many performances different from conventional material such as quantum size effect, skin effect, macro quanta tunnel effect, turn into
One big study hotspot of functional material research field.Meanwhile, material can be made again to keep certain while reinforcing to material
Toughness, therefore, material is strengthened or is modified using nano material also caused the attention of domestic and international researcher.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, the present invention to provide a kind of rare earth modified laser cladding layer.It is molten in titanium alloy surface laser
Cover introducing oxide nano rare earth (nanometer Nd in material system2O3、La2O3), achieve preferable effect.Part R2O3Can decompose
It is R and O.Rare-earth element R can be adsorbed in crystal boundary, hinder crystal boundary movement;The surface tension of liquid metal and critical can also be reduced
Nucleation radius, improve nucleation rate, so that thinning microstructure.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that:
A kind of rare earth modified laser cladding layer, on titanium alloy substrate, with Ni60A Co-based alloy powders, B4C or nickel bag B4C
(Ni@B4C), micron or nanometer level RE oxide prepare rare earth modified laser cladding layer for cladding material laser melting coating.
Preferably, the cladding material middle rare earth is Nd2O3Or La2O3。
Preferably, the mass percent of each component is in the cladding material:Nd2O31.0~4.0%, B4C or Ni@B4C
10~30%, remaining is Ni60A.
Preferably, the mass percent of each component is in the cladding material:La2O31.0~4.0%, Ni@B4C 10~
30%, remaining is Ni60A.
Preferably, the Nd2O3Granularity be 5~20 μm or 40~60nm, be referred to as μ-Nd2O3Or n-Nd2O3。
Preferably, the La2O3The granularity of rare earth oxide is 5~20 μm or 40~60nm, is referred to as μ-La2O3Or
n-La2O3。
Most preferably, the Nd2O3Or La2O3Rare earth oxide is n-Nd2O3Or n-La2O3。
The composition of the Ni60A nickel base self-fluxing alloy powders that the present invention is used is as shown in table 1.
The chemical composition (wt.%) of the Ni60A nickel base self-fluxing alloy powders of table 1
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation technology of rare earth modified laser cladding layer, including:
1) it is pending titanium-based material removing surface is clean, remove surface scale;
2) cladding powder is well mixed, substrate surface is layered in advance;
3) cladding experiment is carried out to the sample for overlaying cladding powder, obtains final product rare earth modified laser cladding layer;
The cladding powder includes:Ni60A Co-based alloy powders, B4C or nickel bag B4C(Ni@B4C), micron or nanoscale are dilute
Native oxide.
Preferably, the cladding powder overlays thickness for 0.8~1.0mm.
Preferably, the laser melting coating condition is:Laser power be 1.0~3.0kW, sweep speed be 200~
600mm/min, spot diameter is 3.0mm, and argon gas protection molten bath is blowed in cladding process, and argon flow amount is 5~15L/min.
Present invention also offers Ni60A Co-based alloy powders, B4C or nickel bag B4C(Ni@B4C), micron or nano-scale rare earth
Application of the oxide in laser melting coating prepares titanium alloy laser cladding layer.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
(1) part R2O3R and O can be decomposed into.Rare-earth element R can be adsorbed in crystal boundary, hinder crystal boundary movement;Can also reduce
The surface tension and Critical nucleation radius of liquid metal, improve nucleation rate, so that thinning microstructure.
(2) R that part is not decomposed2O3Nucleation rate, the tiny R in part can be improved as heterogeneous forming core core2O3
Grain can also hinder the growth of crystal.
(3) preparation method of the present invention is simple, practical, it is easy to promote.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 wear test schematic diagrams;
Fig. 2 embodiments 1 (a), embodiment 2 (b) cladding layer bottom pattern;
Fig. 3 embodiments 1 (a), the microstructure morphology on embodiment 2 (b) cladding layer top;
The XRD diffraction patterns of Fig. 4 embodiments 1 (a), embodiment 2 (b) cladding layer;
The hardness profile of Fig. 5 embodiments 1 and the cladding layer of embodiment 2;
Fig. 6 Ni60A+10%B4C+1.0wt.%Nd2O3The polishing scratch cross section profile and three-dimensional appearance of cladding layer;
(a) TC4 base materials, (the 1.0wt.% microns of Nd of (b) embodiment 12O3), (1.0wt.% nanometers of (c) embodiment 2
Nd2O3);
Fig. 7 embodiments 3 (a), embodiment 4 (b) cladding layer bottom pattern;
Fig. 8 embodiments 3 (a), the microstructure morphology on embodiment 4 (b) cladding layer top;
The hardness profile of Fig. 9 embodiments 3 and the cladding layer of embodiment 4;
The polishing scratch cross section profile and three-dimensional appearance of Figure 10 embodiments 3 (a) and embodiment 4 (b) cladding layer.
Specific embodiment
Feature of present invention and other correlated characteristics are described in further detail by the following examples, in order to the same industry
The understanding of technical staff:
Cladding layer capability method of testing of the present invention:
(1) micro-hardness testing:The microhardness of cladding layer, load are tested using DHV-1000 types microhardness testers
200g, the load time is 10s, determines micro- every 0.1mm by clad layer surface to base material along the maximum fusion penetration direction of cladding layer
Hardness number, to analyze the microhardness distribution feature at each position of cladding layer.
(2) wear test:Wear test is carried out with HT-1000 types abrasion tester, abrading-ball selects Si3N4Ceramic grinding ball
(Φ 6mm), rotating speed 448r/min, friction radius 4mm, load are 1.5kg, and the wear test time is 30min.Wear test principle
Figure is as shown in figure 1, cladding layer wear scar volumes can be calculated according to V=S2 π r.Wherein, S is polishing scratch area of section, and r is friction
Radius.Polishing scratch section and three-dimensional appearance are tested by optical profilometer.
Further illustrated with reference to specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
The cladding material quality proportioning of the present embodiment is designed as:[Ni60A+10wt.%B4C]+1.0% μ-Nd2O3, specifically
Processing step is as follows:
1) pending substrate surface is cleaned out, removes surface scale.
2) cladding powder is well mixed, substrate surface is layered in advance, it is 0.8mm to control its thickness.
3) CO is utilized2Gas laser is to step 2) in ready sample carry out cladding experiment, laser power is
3.0kW, sweep speed is 450mm/min, and spot diameter is 3.0mm, and argon gas protection molten bath, argon flow amount are blowed in cladding process
It is 10L/min.
Embodiment 2:
The cladding material quality proportioning of the present embodiment is designed as:[Ni60A+10wt.%B4C]+1.0%n-Nd2O3, specifically
Processing step is as follows:
1) pending substrate surface is cleaned out, removes surface scale.
2) cladding powder is well mixed, substrate surface is layered in advance, it is 0.8mm to control its thickness.
3) CO is utilized2Gas laser is to step 2) in ready sample carry out cladding experiment, laser power is
3.0kW, sweep speed is 450mm/min, and spot diameter is 3.0mm, and argon gas protection molten bath, argon flow amount are blowed in cladding process
It is 10L/min.
The microstructure morphology of cladding layer is observed and analyzed, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.Result shows, adds nanometer
The cladding layer of rare earth oxide, its microstructure is substantially refined, it can be seen that, the effect of nanometer level RE oxide is ten
Divide significant.Thing phase composition to cladding layer is analyzed, as a result as shown in Figure 4.Both thing phase composition is similar to, by γ-
Ni、NiTi、TiB2、TiC、Cr2B、CrB、Ni2B、Ni3B、NiTi2Deng thing phase composition.Nd is not marked in XRD diffraction patterns2O3's
Diffraction maximum, is on the one hand due to Nd2O3Addition it is very few;On the other hand, part Nd2O3Nd is resolved into, is played in the form of Nd
Effect.
Fig. 5 is the hardness profile of embodiment 1 and the cladding layer of embodiment 2, is as a result shown, with addition micron order Nd2O3Phase
Than addition nanoscale Nd2O3Afterwards, the microhardness of cladding layer is further improved.
The abrasion Cross Section Morphology of base material titanium alloy and cladding layer as shown in fig. 6, calculate its wear scar volumes, result of calculation such as table
Shown in 2.Result shows that embodiment 1, the wearability of the cladding layer of embodiment 2 bring up to 3.16 times and 4.39 times of titanium alloy base material.
As can be seen here, addition nanoscale Nd2O3Action effect it is fairly obvious.
The Ni60A+B of table 24C+1.0wt.%Nd2O3Cladding layer wear extent
Embodiment 3:
The cladding material quality proportioning of the present embodiment is designed as:[Ni60A+10wt.%B4C]+1.0% μ-La2O3, specifically
Processing step is as follows:
1) pending substrate surface is cleaned out, removes surface scale.
2) cladding powder is well mixed, substrate surface is layered in advance, it is 0.8mm to control its thickness.
3) CO is utilized2Gas laser is to step 2) in ready sample carry out cladding experiment, laser power is
3.0kW, sweep speed is 450mm/min, and spot diameter is 3.0mm, and argon gas protection molten bath, argon flow amount are blowed in cladding process
It is 10L/min.
Embodiment 4:
The cladding material quality proportioning of the present embodiment is designed as:[Ni60A+10wt.%B4C]+1.0%n-La2O3, specifically
Processing step is as follows:
1) pending substrate surface is cleaned out, removes surface scale.
2) cladding powder is well mixed, substrate surface is layered in advance, it is 0.8mm to control its thickness.
3) CO is utilized2Gas laser is to step 2) in ready sample carry out cladding experiment, laser power is
3.0kW, sweep speed is 450mm/min, and spot diameter is 3.0mm, and argon gas protection molten bath, argon flow amount are blowed in cladding process
It is 10L/min.
Comparative example 3 and embodiment 4, as a result show, n-La2O3Modifying function be substantially better than μ-La2O3, microcosmic group
Knit and substantially refined, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8.Microhardness is significantly improved, as shown in Figure 9.Embodiment 3 and the cladding of embodiment 4
As shown in Figure 10, its wear extent result of calculation as shown in table 3, as a result shows that cladding layer is resistance to for the polishing scratch section of layer and three-dimensional appearance
Mill property is respectively increased 4.05 times and 4.94 times of titanium alloy base material, cladding layer wearability be improved significantly.
The Ni60A+B of table 34C+1.0wt.%La2O3Cladding layer wear extent
Embodiment 5:
The cladding material quality proportioning of the present embodiment is designed as:[Ni60A+20wt.%B4C]+2.0%n-La2O3, specifically
Processing step is as follows:
1) pending substrate surface is cleaned out, removes surface scale.
2) cladding powder is well mixed, substrate surface is layered in advance, it is 0.8mm to control its thickness.
3) CO is utilized2Gas laser is to step 2) in ready sample carry out cladding experiment, laser power is
2.0kW, sweep speed is 300mm/min, and spot diameter is 3.0mm, and argon gas protection molten bath, argon flow amount are blowed in cladding process
It is 10L/min.
Performance test shows that cladding layer wearability brings up to 14.15 times of titanium alloy base material.
Embodiment 6:
The cladding material quality proportioning of the present embodiment is designed as:[Ni60A+30wt.%B4C]+2.0%n-Nd2O3, specifically
Processing step is as follows:
1) pending substrate surface is cleaned out, removes surface scale.
2) cladding powder is well mixed, substrate surface is layered in advance, it is 0.8mm to control its thickness.
3) CO is utilized2Gas laser is to step 2) in ready sample carry out cladding experiment, laser power is
3.0kW, sweep speed is 450mm/min, and spot diameter is 3.0mm, and argon gas protection molten bath, argon flow amount are blowed in cladding process
It is 10L/min.
Performance test shows that cladding layer wearability brings up to 15.07 times of titanium alloy base material.
Embodiment 7:
The cladding material quality proportioning of the present embodiment is designed as:[Ni60A+15wt.%Ni@B4C]+2.0%n-Nd2O3, tool
Body technology step is as follows:
1) pending substrate surface is cleaned out, removes surface scale.
2) cladding powder is well mixed, substrate surface is layered in advance, it is 0.8mm to control its thickness.
3) CO is utilized2Gas laser is to step 2) in ready sample carry out cladding experiment, laser power is
3.0kW, sweep speed is 450mm/min, and spot diameter is 3.0mm, and argon gas protection molten bath, argon flow amount are blowed in cladding process
It is 10L/min.
Performance test shows that cladding layer wearability brings up to 10.15 times of titanium alloy base material.
Embodiment 8:
The cladding material quality proportioning of the present embodiment is designed as:[Ni60A+20wt.%Ni@B4C]+2.0%n-Nd2O3, tool
Body technology step is as follows:
1) pending substrate surface is cleaned out, removes surface scale.
2) cladding powder is well mixed, substrate surface is layered in advance, it is 0.9mm to control its thickness.
3) CO is utilized2Gas laser is to step 2) in ready sample carry out cladding experiment, laser power is
2.0kW, sweep speed is 400mm/min, and spot diameter is 3.0mm, and argon gas protection molten bath, argon flow amount are blowed in cladding process
It is 12L/min.
Performance test shows that cladding layer wearability brings up to 15.73 times of titanium alloy base material.
Embodiment 9:
The cladding material quality proportioning of the present embodiment is designed as:[Ni60A+20wt.%Ni@B4C]+2.0%n-La2O3, tool
Body technology step is as follows:
1) pending substrate surface is cleaned out, removes surface scale.
2) cladding powder is well mixed, substrate surface is layered in advance, it is 0.8mm to control its thickness.
3) CO is utilized2Gas laser is to step 2) in ready sample carry out cladding experiment, laser power is
3.0kW, sweep speed is 300mm/min, and spot diameter is 3.0mm, and argon gas protection molten bath, argon flow amount are blowed in cladding process
It is 10L/min.
Performance test shows that cladding layer wearability brings up to 13.42 times of titanium alloy base material.
Embodiment 10:
The cladding material quality proportioning of the present embodiment is designed as:[Ni60A+30wt.%Ni@B4C]+3.0%n-Nd2O3, tool
Body technology step is as follows:
1) pending substrate surface is cleaned out, removes surface scale.
2) cladding powder is well mixed, substrate surface is layered in advance, it is 0.9mm to control its thickness.
3) CO is utilized2Gas laser is to step 2) in ready sample carry out cladding experiment, laser power is
3.0kW, sweep speed is 450mm/min, and spot diameter is 3.0mm, and argon gas protection molten bath, argon flow amount are blowed in cladding process
It is 15L/min.
Performance test shows that cladding layer wearability brings up to 12.65 times of titanium alloy base material.
Finally it should be noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, this hair is not limited to
Bright, although being described in detail to the present invention with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for a person skilled in the art, it is still
Technical scheme described in previous embodiment can be modified, or equivalent is carried out to which part.It is all in this hair
Within bright spirit and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in protection scope of the present invention
Within.Although above-mentioned be described with reference to accompanying drawing to specific embodiment of the invention, not to the scope of the present invention
Limitation, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not required to
The various modifications or deformation made by paying creative work are still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rare earth modified laser cladding layer, it is characterised in that on titanium alloy substrate, with Ni60A Co-based alloy powders, B4C
Or nickel bag B4C(Ni@B4C), micron or nanometer level RE oxide prepare rare earth modified laser melting coating for cladding material laser melting coating
Layer.
2. laser cladding layer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the cladding material middle rare earth is Nd2O3Or
La2O3。
3. laser cladding layer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the mass percent of each component in the cladding material
For:Nd2O31.0~4.0%, B4C or Ni@B4C 10~30%, remaining is Ni60A.
4. laser cladding layer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the mass percent of each component in the cladding material
For:La2O31.0~4.0%, B4C or Ni@B4C 10~30%, remaining is Ni60A.
5. laser cladding layer as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the Nd2O3Granularity for 5~20 μm or 40~
60nm;
Or the La2O3The granularity of rare earth oxide is 5~20 μm or 40~60nm.
6. laser cladding layer as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the Nd2O3Or La2O3Rare earth oxide is n-
Nd2O3Or n-La2O3。
7. a kind of preparation technology of rare earth modified laser cladding layer, it is characterised in that including:
1) it is pending titanium-based material removing surface is clean, remove surface scale;
2) cladding powder is well mixed, substrate surface is layered in advance;
3) cladding experiment is carried out to the sample for overlaying cladding powder, obtains final product rare earth modified laser cladding layer;
The cladding powder includes:Ni60A Co-based alloy powders, B4C or nickel bag B4C(Ni@B4C), micron or nano-scale rare earth oxygen
Compound.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the cladding powder overlays thickness for 0.8~1.0mm.
9. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the laser melting coating condition is:Laser power be 1.0~
3.0kW, sweep speed is 200~600mm/min, and spot diameter is 3.0mm, and argon gas protection molten bath, argon are blowed in cladding process
Throughput is 5~15L/min.
10.Ni60A Co-based alloy powders, nickel bag B4C or B4C(Ni@B4C), micron or nanometer level RE oxide are in laser melting coating
Prepare the application in titanium alloy laser cladding layer.
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CN110756797B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-12-28 | 山东农业工程学院 | Nano rare earth oxide modified alloying material, alloying layer and preparation method thereof |
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