CN106756264A - A kind of aluminum matrix composite, its preparation method and its application - Google Patents
A kind of aluminum matrix composite, its preparation method and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN106756264A CN106756264A CN201611047206.5A CN201611047206A CN106756264A CN 106756264 A CN106756264 A CN 106756264A CN 201611047206 A CN201611047206 A CN 201611047206A CN 106756264 A CN106756264 A CN 106756264A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
- C22C1/1052—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites by mixing and casting metal matrix composites with reaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0073—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0084—Pistons the pistons being constructed from specific materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/90—Alloys not otherwise provided for
- F05C2201/903—Aluminium alloy, e.g. AlCuMgPb F34,37
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of aluminum matrix composite, its preparation method and its application, the aluminum matrix composite includes aluminum substrate and the NbB being distributed in the aluminum substrate2Enhancing phase and NbAl3Enhancing phase.The aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided includes NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3Enhancing phase, their Dispersed precipitates in aluminum substrate, NbB2Mutually there are part symbiosis and epibiosis, NbB and between aluminium base body interface in enhancing2Strengthen as the heterogeneous forming core core of aluminum substrate heterogeneous nucleation, refine aluminum substrate tissue；NbAl3Enhancing and aluminium lattice coefficient similar, can well be combined so that aluminum matrix composite has higher hardness and Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature with aluminum substrate.In addition, the aluminum matrix composite elongation percentage that provides of the present invention is good and excellent in abrasion resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of composite materials, more particularly to a kind of aluminum matrix composite, its preparation method and its application.
Background technology
The features such as 20 beginnings of the century, thermal coefficient of expansion that density is small, heat conductivity is good, relatively low of al-si eutectic alloy series material quilt
People recognize, and start, for manufacturing various light parts, to be widely used in the fields such as car industry, space flight and aviation.But aluminium silicon is total to
Peritectic alloy series material elevated temperature strength is low, and intensity, hardness have the spontaneous limit, it is impossible to while meeting following resistance to high intensity, height
Mill and resistant to elevated temperatures development need.In view of this, in-situ authigenic into particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material due to endurance and
The advantages of light weight, the study hotspot as current composite.
In-situ authigenic technology is the requirement according to material requested composition design, selects appropriate reactant, by parent metal with
Added salt issues biochemical reaction in suitable reaction temperature, enhancing phase needed for being directly generated in metallic matrix.Chinese patent
CN1180383A discloses a kind of TiB2Particulate ceramic reinforced Al-alloy metal-matrix composites, the invention provides a kind of method
Prepare Al-alloy metal-matrix composites：Chloride flux is melt molten aluminum or the generation of its alloying element (Mg, Ca) in-situ reducing not
With crystallite dimension and the TiB of Size Distribution2Crystallite, by determining that flux and alloy are constituted and technological temperature can predefine crystallite
Size and Size Distribution.
TiB in the alloy2Although particle has high-modulus, there is very big interface energy, easily in grain boundaries segregation, casting technique
Property is poor so that the hardness of the composite of preparation is poor, and Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature is low.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of aluminum matrix composite, its preparation method and its application, the present invention is carried
The aluminum matrix composite of confession has higher hardness and Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature.
The invention provides a kind of aluminum matrix composite, including aluminum substrate and the NbB that is distributed in the aluminum substrate2Enhancing mutually and
NbAl3Enhancing phase.
Preferably, the NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3The gross mass for strengthening phase accounts for the 1.0wt%~12.0wt% of aluminum substrate.
Preferably, the NbB2The particle diameter for strengthening phase is 400~600nm；
The NbAl3The particle diameter for strengthening phase is 4~6 μm.
Preferably, the alloying element is selected from one or more in rare earth element, Si, Zr, Ni, Mg, Cu, Ti, Sc, Mn and B.
Preferably, the alloying element is made up of Si and Zr.
Preferably, mass contents of the Si in aluminum matrix composite is 11.0wt%~12.5wt%；
Mass contents of the Zr in aluminum matrix composite is 1.0wt%~2.5wt%.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite described in above-mentioned technical proposal, comprise the following steps：
A), niobium, potassium fluoborate are mixed with the aluminium of melting, is reacted, obtain aluminum matrix composite.
Preferably, the temperature of reaction is 900 DEG C~950 DEG C in the step a)；
The time of the reaction is 1h~3.0h.
Preferably, it is further comprising the steps of after reaction in the step a)：
The product that will be obtained mixes with alloying element, insulation, and cast obtains aluminum matrix composite.
The invention provides aluminum matrix composite or preparation method system described in above-mentioned technical proposal described in a kind of above-mentioned technical proposal
Application of the standby aluminum matrix composite in auto parts and components are prepared.
The invention provides a kind of aluminum matrix composite, including aluminum substrate and the NbB that is distributed in the aluminum substrate2Enhancing mutually and
NbAl3Enhancing phase.The aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided includes NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3Enhancing phase, their Dispersed precipitates
In aluminum substrate, NbB2Mutually there are part symbiosis and epibiosis, NbB and between aluminium base body interface in enhancing2Enhancing is non-homogeneous as aluminum substrate
The heterogeneous forming core core of forming core, refines aluminum substrate tissue；NbAl3Enhancing and aluminium lattice coefficient similar, can be with aluminum substrate very
Combine well so that aluminum matrix composite has higher hardness and Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature.In addition, the aluminum-base composite that the present invention is provided
The elongation percentage of material is good and excellent in abrasion resistance.Test result indicate that：The tensile strength of the aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided：
155~280MPa (20 DEG C), 71~95MPa (360 DEG C)；Elongation percentage is 1.6%~2.0%；Hardness：110~160HBW (20
℃)；With NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3The gross mass for strengthening phase accounts for 1.0wt%~12.0wt% percentages increase of aluminum substrate,
Its hardness number and wearability also substantially increase.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under 100 times of aluminum matrix composite prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is the NbB under 8000 times of aluminum matrix composite prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 12Granule-morphology figure；
Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under 500 times of aluminum matrix composite prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 4 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under 2000 times of aluminum matrix composite prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 5 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of aluminum matrix composite prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Specific embodiment
The invention provides a kind of aluminum matrix composite, including aluminum substrate and the NbB that is distributed in the aluminum substrate2Enhancing mutually and
NbAl3Enhancing phase.
The aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided includes NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3Enhancing phase, their Dispersed precipitates are in aluminium base
In body, NbB2Mutually there are part symbiosis and epibiosis, NbB and between aluminium base body interface in enhancing2Enhancing is used as aluminum substrate heterogeneous nucleation
Heterogeneous forming core core, can refine aluminum substrate tissue；NbAl3Enhancing and aluminium lattice coefficient similar, can be fine with aluminum substrate
Ground is combined, and they cause that aluminum matrix composite has higher hardness and Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature jointly.In addition, the aluminium that the present invention is provided
The elongation percentage of based composites is good and excellent in abrasion resistance.Test result indicate that：The aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided it is anti-
Tensile strength：155~280MPa (20 DEG C), 71~95MPa (360 DEG C)；Elongation percentage is 1.6%~2.0%；Hardness：110~
160HBW(20℃)；With NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3The gross mass for strengthening phase accounts for the 1.0wt%~12.0wt% hundred of aluminum substrate
Divide than increasing, its hardness number and wearability also substantially increase.
The aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided includes aluminum substrate.In the present invention, the aluminum substrate is selected from pure aluminum or aluminum alloy；
The aluminium alloy is made up of aluminium element and alloying element.In the present invention, the alloying element be preferably selected from rare earth element, Si,
One or more in Zr, Ni, Mg, Cu, Ti, Sc, Mn and B.In certain embodiments of the present invention, the alloying element is by Si
Constituted with Zr.In the present invention, mass contents of the Si in aluminum matrix composite is preferably 11.0wt%~12.5wt%,
The silicon of this content can improve the mobility of the aluminum substrate of liquid state when being in eutectic point, increase the wearability of aluminum substrate and strong
Degree, improves casting character.In certain embodiments of the present invention, aluminum substrate is alloy matrix aluminum, is contained in the alloy matrix aluminum
There are Zr elements, mass contents of the Zr in aluminum matrix composite is preferably 1.0wt%~2.5wt%；Zr elements are in NbAl3
Solubility in enhancing phase greatly can typically form Nb (AlZr)3Compound, it has excellent solution strengthening effect and disperse
Invigoration effect, it is possible to increase NbAl3And NbB2Grain refinement effect, improves NbAl3Strengthen the distributing homogeneity of phase.
The aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided includes NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3Enhancing phase；The NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3
The gross mass for strengthening phase preferably accounts for the 1.0wt%~12.0wt% of aluminum substrate.In the present invention, the NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3
The mol ratio for strengthening phase is preferably 0.8~1.2:1.0, more preferably 1：1.In the present invention, the NbB2Strengthen the particle diameter of phase
Preferably 400~600nm；The NbAl3The particle diameter for strengthening phase is preferably 4~6 μm；In the present invention, the NbB2Fusing point is
3050 DEG C, density is 6.4g/cm3, NbB2Enhancing is mutually granular, and in hexagon, its structure is C32 types, at one of crystal grain
Or there is obvious growth step, lattice parameter a=0311nm, c=0326nm on multiple surfaces.NbB2Between aluminum substrate
There is following orientation relationship：
NbB2//[110]Al (0111)NbB2//(002)Al；
NbB2Mutually there are part symbiosis and epibiosis, NbB and between aluminium base body interface in enhancing2Enhancing is used as aluminum substrate heterogeneous nucleation
Heterogeneous forming core core, can refine aluminum substrate tissue.
In the present invention, the NbAl3Fusing point be 1605 DEG C, density is 4.54g/cm3, and aluminium lattice coefficient similar can
Combined well with aluminum substrate.
In the present invention, the NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3Enhancing be mutually by niobium and potassium fluoborate melting aluminium situ from
Life is obtained, specific reaction equation as formula 1.~formula 4. shown in：
Nb+3Al→NbAl3 ①
2KBF4+3Al→AlB2+2KAlF4 ②
A1B2+NbAl3→NbB2+4Al ③
Net reaction is：
2Nb+2KBF4+5Al→NbB2+NbAl3+2KF+2AlF3 ④
In the present invention, in-situ synthesis prepare NbB2And NbAl3AlB can be generated during reinforced aluminum matrix composites2Impurity
Phase, due to AlB2It is in strip and block that impurities phase in aluminum substrate melt more, and size is again relatively thicker, so composite wood can be substantially reduced
The plasticity of material.And NbAl3It is the heating power phase of stabilization, AlB at a high temperature of being produced with reaction in the aluminium of melting2Meet and be decomposed into
Al and B, decomposes the B and NbAl for producing3With reference to Al and NbB can be generated2Phase.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite described in above-mentioned technical proposal, comprise the following steps：
A), niobium, potassium fluoborate are mixed with the aluminium of melting, is reacted, obtain aluminum matrix composite.
In the present invention, the purity of the niobium is 99at.%；The purity of the potassium fluoborate is 99.0%.In tool of the invention
In body embodiment, the niobium, potassium fluoborate mix with aluminum substrate and are specially：
Niobium and potassium fluoborate are mixed, mixture is obtained；
Mixture and the aluminum substrate of melting are mixed, reaction obtains aluminum matrix composite.
In the present invention, the niobium is powdery, and the purity of niobium powder is preferably 99.0%.In the present invention, the potassium fluoborate
Chemical formula is KBF4, potassium fluoborate is powdery, and its molecular weight is 125.9g/mol；Density is 2.5g/cm3；Fusing point is 530 DEG C.
In the present invention, the niobium and potassium fluoborate are incubated 7~9h preferably at 145 DEG C~155 DEG C, them is dried and is well mixed.
In the present invention, the aluminium of the melting is preferably obtained by the following method：
Solid aluminum is heated, is melted, the aluminium for being melted.
Preferably be placed in solid aluminum in crucible well known to those skilled in the art and heated by the present invention.Present invention preferably employs Ar
Gas is protected as protection gas to the aluminium surface for melting.
The present invention mixes with mixture again after the aluminium of melting preferably is heated into 900 DEG C~950 DEG C.The present invention is preferably by mixture
It is added in the aluminium of melting.
The present invention carries out the reactive aluminum of niobium, potassium fluoborate and melting preferably under conditions of stirring；The present invention is preferably every 10min
Stirring is once so that reaction is abundant；The time of reaction is preferably 1h~3h in the step a)；The temperature of reaction in the step a)
Degree is preferably 900 DEG C~950 DEG C.
In the present invention, aluminium can occur to aoxidize and generate accessory substance aluminum oxide at relatively high temperatures, now be preferably added to ice crystal,
That is hexafluoro sodium aluminate (Na3AlF6), it can play refining effect to aluminum substrate, moreover it is possible to play reduction-oxidation aluminium, so as to also disappear
Except impurities phase Al2O3, its reaction as chemical equation 5. shown in：
2Na3AlF6+Al2O3→3Na2O+4Al+6F2 ⑤。
The present invention is preferably by Nb powder, KBF4The slag that surface is floated in the product that powder is obtained with the reactive aluminum of melting is removed.This hair
The bright method to removing does not have special limitation, using reset mode well known to those skilled in the art, such as volatilizees naturally
Or take off and pick up with the fingers.In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the product KAlF that above-mentioned reaction is produced4、Na2O and F2Can through the above way
Remove.
The product and refining agent that the present invention is obtained after preferably step a) is reacted mix, and aluminum-base composite material is obtained after refining
Material.Preferably carbon trichloride (C of the invention2Cl6) it is that the product obtained after refining agent is reacted step a) carries out refinery by de-gassing；
The temperature of the refining is preferably 780 DEG C~850 DEG C；The time of the refining is preferably 10~15min.
After niobium, potassium fluoborate mix and react with the aluminium of melting, product is obtained, the present invention is preferably by alloying element and institute
Product mixing is stated, insulation, cast obtains aluminum matrix composite.In the present invention, the temperature of the insulation is preferably 750
DEG C~780 DEG C, more preferably 760 DEG C；The time of the insulation is preferably 8~15min, more preferably 10~12min.In this hair
In bright, the alloying element is preferably selected from one or more in rare earth element, Si, Zr, Ni, Mg, Cu, Ti, Sc, Mn.At this
In some embodiments of invention, the alloying element is selected from Si, Zr, Cu, Mg and Ti；In certain embodiments of the present invention, institute
State alloying element and be selected from Si, Cu, Ni, Mg, Ti, Sc, Mn, Zr and V.
The present invention does not have special limitation to the method poured into a mould, and is using placingJi Shu scheme well known to those skilled in the art
Can.
The invention provides aluminum matrix composite or preparation method system described in above-mentioned technical proposal described in a kind of above-mentioned technical proposal
Application of the standby aluminum matrix composite in auto parts and components are prepared.
In specific implementation of the invention, the auto parts and components are specially engine cylinder-body, cylinder sleeve of engine or engine and live
Plug.
The present invention carries out Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature using CMT-7105 types electronic universal material testing machine to above-mentioned aluminum matrix composite
With the test of elongation percentage, the measure of composite room temperature tensile properties, the measure of high temperature (360 DEG C) tensile property will cast
Composite sample process tensile sample by GB, every kind of material is processed 3 samples and is tested, and takes its average value as multiple
The test result of condensation material.Test result shows：The aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided has Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature higher
And elongation percentage.
The present invention carries out hardness test to composite using Brinell's machine, and load is 613N, pressure headSteel
Ball, the load time is 30s, and impression diameter d is measured with reading microscope after unloading, and the ball hardness number of material is then checked in by d.
For each sample, 6 diverse location hardness numbers are taken, be averaged hardness number of the value as composite.To above-mentioned aluminium base
Composite carries out the test of hardness, and test result shows：The aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided has excellent hardness number.
The present invention uses MHK-500 ring block friction wear testing machines using frictional wear experiment, and during experiment, ring is matrix alloy,
Experimental condition is as follows：Rotating speed=800 rev/min, 1 turn=0.15m, load=76N, test period is 30min.To above-mentioned aluminium base
Composite carries out the test of wearability μ, and test result shows：The aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided has higher wear-resisting
Property.
The invention provides a kind of aluminum matrix composite, including aluminum substrate and the NbB that is distributed in the aluminum substrate2Enhancing mutually and
NbAl3Enhancing phase.The aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided includes NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3Enhancing phase, their Dispersed precipitates
In aluminum substrate, NbB2Mutually there are part symbiosis and epibiosis, NbB and between aluminium base body interface in enhancing2Enhancing is non-homogeneous as aluminum substrate
The heterogeneous forming core core of forming core, refines aluminum substrate tissue；NbAl3Enhancing and aluminium lattice coefficient similar, can be with aluminum substrate very
Combine well so that aluminum matrix composite has higher hardness and Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature.In addition, the aluminum-base composite that the present invention is provided
The elongation percentage of material is good and excellent in abrasion resistance.Test result indicate that：The tensile strength of the aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided：
155~280MPa (20 DEG C), 71~95MPa (360 DEG C)；Elongation percentage is 1.6%~2.0%；Hardness：110~160HBW (20
℃)；With NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3The gross mass for strengthening phase accounts for 1.0wt%~12.0wt% percentages increase of aluminum substrate,
Its hardness number and wearability also substantially increase.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, a kind of aluminum matrix composite, its preparation provided the present invention with reference to embodiment
Method and its application are described in detail, but they can not be interpreted as into limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) by 186g Nb powder and 152g KBF48h is incubated at 153 DEG C after the abundant ball milling mixing of powder, is made it uniform and is dried；
(2) 500g fine aluminiums are put into crucible and are heated, aluminium liquid surface is protected using Ar gas after fusing, and will melted
Aluminium is heated to 930 DEG C；
(3) by Nb powder and KBF4Salt-mixture is added in aluminum melt, while being stirred to the aluminium for melting using agitator：Often cross
10min is stirred once, continues 1h, salt-mixture is fully reacted in crucible with the aluminium of melting and is generated NbB2And NbAl3, instead
The slag of the aluminium surface for floating on melting is removed after the completion of answering；
(4) the aluminium temperature of melting is down to 800 DEG C, input accounts for the refining agent carbon trichloride (C of aluminium mass fraction 2.5%2Cl6) enter
Row refinery by de-gassing 12min, is poured into mould, obtains aluminum matrix composite.
The present invention is scanned Electronic Speculum-energy spectrum analysis to the aluminum matrix composite for obtaining, and as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, Fig. 1 is this hair
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under 100 times of aluminum matrix composite prepared by bright embodiment 1, Fig. 2 is that aluminium base prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is answered
NbB under 8000 times of condensation material2Granule-morphology figure.The microstructure morphology of sample alloy, NbB are can be seen that from Fig. 1 and Fig. 22With
NbAl3Mutually reacted by in-situ authigenic and be evenly distributed in pure aluminum substrate, size is small, need to be observed under high power.
The present invention using method of testing described in above-mentioned technical proposal aluminum matrix composite prepared by embodiment 1 is carried out elongation percentage,
Hardness number, tensile strength and wearability are tested, and test result is shown in Table 1, and table 1 is aluminium base prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1~3
The performance test results of composite：
The performance test results (T6 heat treatments) of aluminum matrix composite prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1~3
Embodiment 2
(1) by 2450g Nb powder and 2000g KBF48.5h is incubated at 150 DEG C after the abundant ball milling mixing of powder, is made it uniform and is done
It is dry；
(2) 4827g fine aluminiums are put into crucible and are heated, aluminium liquid surface is protected using Ar gas after fusing, and will melting
Aluminium be heated to 930 DEG C；
(3) by Nb powder and KBF4Salt-mixture is added in aluminum melt, while being stirred to the aluminium for melting using agitator：Every
10min is stirred once, continues 1.5h, salt-mixture is fully reacted in crucible with the aluminium of melting and is generated NbB2And NbAl3,
The slag of the aluminium surface for floating on melting is removed after the completion of reaction；
(4) the aluminium temperature of melting is down to 780 DEG C, input accounts for the refining agent carbon trichloride (C of aluminium mass fraction 2.5%2Cl6) enter
Row refinery by de-gassing 13min；
(5) to 685g Si, 165g Zr, 126g Cu, 182g Mg and 63g Ti is added in the aluminium of melting, in 760 DEG C of insulations
10min, stirs 10min, and mould is poured into after standing, obtains aluminum matrix composite.
The present invention is scanned Electronic Speculum-energy spectrum analysis to the aluminum matrix composite for obtaining, and as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, Fig. 3 is this hair
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under 500 times of aluminum matrix composite prepared by bright embodiment 2, Fig. 4 is that aluminium base prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2 is answered
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under 2000 times of condensation material, can be seen that from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4：The NbB of fabricated in situ2And NbAl3Phase, shows circle
Shape, hexagon, the feature of square, do not have obvious wedge angle, and be evenly distributed in alloy substrate.
The present invention using method of testing described in above-mentioned technical proposal aluminum matrix composite prepared by embodiment 2 is carried out elongation percentage,
Hardness number, tensile strength and wearability are tested, and test result is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
(1) by 3671g Nb powder and 3000g KBF48h is incubated at 150 DEG C after the abundant ball milling mixing of powder, is made it uniform and is done
It is dry；
(2) 6955g fine aluminiums are put into crucible and are heated, aluminium liquid surface is protected using Ar gas after fusing, and will melting
Aluminium be heated to 930 DEG C；
(3) by Nb powder and KBF4Salt-mixture is added in aluminum melt, while being stirred to the aluminium for melting using agitator：Every
10min is stirred once, continues 2h, salt-mixture is fully reacted in crucible with the aluminium of melting and is generated NbB2And NbAl3, instead
The slag of the aluminium surface for floating on melting is removed after the completion of answering；
(4) the aluminium temperature of melting is down to 850 DEG C, input accounts for the refining agent carbon trichloride (C of aluminium mass fraction 2.5%2Cl6) enter
Row refinery by de-gassing 18min；
(5) to addition 987g Si, 651g Cu, 200g Ni, 164g Mg, 163g Ti, 153g Sc, 187g in the aluminium of melting
Mn, 306g Zr and 180g V, 20min is incubated at 760 DEG C, stirs 30min, and mould is poured into after standing, obtains aluminum-base composite material
Material.
The present invention is scanned Electronic Speculum-energy spectrum analysis to the aluminum matrix composite for obtaining, as shown in figure 5, Fig. 5 is implemented for the present invention
The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of aluminum matrix composite prepared by example 3, as can be seen from Figure 5：Matrix alloy is Casting Al-Si eutectic alloy, short
Shaft-like eutectic Si and tiny block primary silicon grain structure are uniformly distributed, NbB2And NbAl3Enhancing is mutually existing without reuniting on a large scale
As.
The present invention using method of testing described in above-mentioned technical proposal aluminum matrix composite prepared by embodiment 3 is carried out elongation percentage,
Hardness number, tensile strength and wearability are tested, and test result is shown in Table 1.
As seen from the above embodiment, the invention provides a kind of aluminum matrix composite, including aluminum substrate and it is distributed in the aluminium base
NbB in body2Enhancing phase and NbAl3Enhancing phase.The aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided includes NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3
Enhancing phase, their Dispersed precipitates in aluminum substrate, NbB2Mutually there are part symbiosis and epibiosis, NbB and between aluminium base body interface in enhancing2Increase
The strong heterogeneous forming core core as aluminum substrate heterogeneous nucleation, refines aluminum substrate tissue；NbAl3Enhancing and aluminium lattice coefficient
It is close, can well be combined with aluminum substrate so that aluminum matrix composite has elongation percentage higher.In addition, the present invention is provided
Aluminum matrix composite is corrosion-resistant, high temperature resistant and wearability are good.Test result indicate that：The aluminum matrix composite that the present invention is provided
Tensile strength：：155~280MPa (20 DEG C), 71~95MPa (360 DEG C)；Elongation percentage is 1.6%~2.0%；Hardness：110~
160HBW(20℃)；With NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3The gross mass for strengthening phase accounts for the 1.0wt%~12.0wt% hundred of aluminum substrate
Divide than increasing, its hardness number and wearability also substantially increase.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that come for those skilled in the art
Say, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of aluminum matrix composite, including aluminum substrate and the NbB being distributed in the aluminum substrate2Enhancing phase and NbAl3Enhancing
Phase.
2. aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the NbB2Enhancing phase and NbAl3Enhancing phase
Gross mass accounts for the 1.0wt%~12.0wt% of aluminum substrate.
3. aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the NbB2Strengthen the particle diameter of phase for 400~
600nm；
The NbAl3The particle diameter for strengthening phase is 4~6 μm.
4. aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the aluminum substrate is by aluminium element and alloying element
Composition；
The alloying element is selected from one or more in rare earth element, Si, Zr, Ni, Mg, Cu, Ti, Sc, Mn and B.
5. aluminum matrix composite according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the alloying element is made up of Si and Zr.
6. aluminum matrix composite according to claim 5, it is characterised in that quality of the Si in aluminum matrix composite
Content is 11.0wt%~12.5wt%；
Mass contents of the Zr in aluminum matrix composite is 1.0wt%~2.5wt%.
7. a kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite described in claim 1~6 any one, comprises the following steps：
A), niobium, potassium fluoborate are mixed with the aluminium of melting, is reacted, obtain aluminum matrix composite.
8. preparation method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that in the step a) temperature of reaction for 900 DEG C~
950℃；
The time of the reaction is 1h~3.0h.
9. preparation method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that also include following step in the step a) after reaction
Suddenly：
The product that will be obtained mixes with alloying element, insulation, and cast obtains aluminum matrix composite.
10. prepared described in aluminum matrix composite described in a kind of claim 1~6 any one or claim 7~9 any one
The application of aluminum matrix composite prepared by method in auto parts and components are prepared.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN108085528A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-05-29 | 吉林大学 | A kind of in-situ endogenic nanometer NbB2Particle refines and the method for reinforced aluminium alloy |
| CN108251675A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-07-06 | 上海大学 | A kind of cast Al-Si alloy Al-Ti-Nb-B fining agents and preparation method and application |
| CN109402426A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-01 | 宝鸡长征金属材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of fine grain three-element catalytic vacuum melting TiAl target |
| CN109536783A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-29 | 宁波铭发汽车部件有限公司 | A kind of upper water chamber |
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| CN108251675A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-07-06 | 上海大学 | A kind of cast Al-Si alloy Al-Ti-Nb-B fining agents and preparation method and application |
| CN109536783A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-29 | 宁波铭发汽车部件有限公司 | A kind of upper water chamber |
| CN109536783B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2020-07-17 | 宁波铭发汽车部件有限公司 | Go up hydroecium |
| CN109402426A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-01 | 宝鸡长征金属材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of fine grain three-element catalytic vacuum melting TiAl target |
| CN111945038A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-11-17 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Method for producing an engine component, engine component and use of an aluminium alloy |
| CN114807659A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-29 | 湖南江滨机器（集团）有限责任公司 | Aluminum-based composite material containing titanium diboride and niobium diboride, preparation method thereof and diesel engine piston |
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