CN106755305A - 一种葡萄酒中腐败酵母菌的检测引物及数字pcr检测方法 - Google Patents

一种葡萄酒中腐败酵母菌的检测引物及数字pcr检测方法 Download PDF

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CN106755305A
CN106755305A CN201611018502.2A CN201611018502A CN106755305A CN 106755305 A CN106755305 A CN 106755305A CN 201611018502 A CN201611018502 A CN 201611018502A CN 106755305 A CN106755305 A CN 106755305A
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王传现
刘夏
李晓虹
韩伟
付溥博
钱云开
申进玲
马强
韩超
邱德义
何宇平
张子龙
吴美琪
杨则彬
陈万金
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TECHNICAL CENTER FOR ANIMAL PLANT AND FOOD INSPECTION AND QUARANTINE SHANGHAI ENTRY-EXIT INSPECTION AND QUARANTINE BUREAU
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种葡萄酒中腐败酵母菌进行快速检测的检测引物及数字PCR检测方法。数字PCR反应体系含有特定引物Bret F、Bret R以及特有探针。数字PCR检测方法,检测方法为:提取葡萄酒样品中的DNA后进行数字PCR反应,数字PCR的反应体系适合于任何品种葡萄酒中提取得到的基因组样品,可以实现对一种葡萄酒中腐败酵母菌(布鲁塞尔酵母)基因片段进行精确检测。解决了现在酒中无快速检测标准方法及存在检测时间长且容易出现假阴性结果的技术问题。

Description

一种葡萄酒中腐败酵母菌的检测引物及数字PCR检测方法
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物的检测,具体涉及一种葡萄酒中腐败酵母菌的检测引物及数字PCR检测方法。
背景技术
酒香酵母经常被认为是葡萄酒各种不良气味的诱因,可能导致葡萄酒变坏。由酒香酵母诱发的不良香气和风味主要来源于几种特殊化学物质,尤其是对乙基苯酚和4-乙基愈创木酚。一旦葡萄酒在发酵过程中产生这两种物质,它们就会与葡萄酒的其他物质进行结合,产生异味、异香。酒香酵母包含多种不同的酵母,其中包括常见的布鲁塞尔酒香酵母(B. bruxellensis)。市场上大约有30%的红酒可以检测到有布鲁塞尔酒香酵母的存在,布鲁塞尔酒香酵母存在于葡萄、葡萄酒、酿酒设备和橡木桶中。与酿酒酵母相比,布鲁塞尔酒香酵母对二氧化硫和酒精的耐受性更强,普通的处理手段很难将其完全除去。因此,布鲁塞尔酒香酵母是葡萄酒中最常发现的败坏酵母。
布鲁塞尔酒香酵母可以利用葡萄酒中的对羟基肉桂酸,在羟基肉桂酸脱羧酶的作用下产生4-乙基苯酚和4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚/4-乙基愈创木酚等代谢产物。过高浓度的4-乙基苯酚和4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚/4-乙基愈创木酚会导致葡萄酒发出类似马汗的味道,俗称“马味”葡萄酒,严重影响葡萄酒的品质,因此,对葡萄酒中布鲁塞尔酒香酵母的检测十分重要。
传统的检测方法是利用鉴别培养基进行分离检测。但是布鲁塞尔酒香酵母在葡萄酒尤其是瓶装葡萄酒中有时呈现一种存活但不可培养的状态。在此状态下,其仍可进行生理代谢,但不能生长繁殖。因此,直接涂布平板其不能生长,导致假阴性的检测结果。并且该方法检测时间过长,现在技术中也无快速检测布鲁塞尔酒香酵母的标准方法。
国际上,法国几大酒庄,如波尔多大学下属的葡萄酒及葡萄园研究所,波亚克地区酒类专家实验室(拉菲产地)在生产、销售环节中均检测酒香酵母菌,把其作为企业内部监控红酒品质的一项重要指标;而目前国内对其还没有足够的重视。因此建立葡萄酒中布鲁塞尔酒香酵母的快速检测方法,在葡萄酒酿造、生产、装瓶前进行监控,防止布鲁塞尔酒香酵母数量超标,可以起到减少葡萄酒的变质,降低变质风险的作用;还可以从源头上减少能源和社会物质的浪费,提高葡萄酒品质,加强进出口贸易发展。因此,建立葡萄酒中布鲁塞尔酒香酵母菌的快速检验方法,改善国内对布鲁塞尔酒香酵母的检测现状,具有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了提供一种葡萄酒中腐败酵母菌的检测引物及数字PCR检测方法。
本发明的技术方案:检测方法为:
一、提取葡萄酒样品中的DNA,裂解细胞并纯化DNA;
二、数字PCR反应。
本发明的进一步设置:数字PCR的反应体系包括:
2×PCR反应液 10.0μL
上游引物(10 μmol/L ) 1.0μL
下游引物(10μmol/L ) 1.0μL
探针Bret(10 μmol/L) 0.5μL
DNA模板 5.0μL
超纯水 2.5μL
总体积 20μL
其中,上游引物:含有特定引物Bret F,其序列为:5’-GTTCACACAATCCCCTCGATCAAC-3’;下游引物:含有特定引物Bret R,其序列为:5’-GTTCACACAATCCCCTCGATCAAC-3’;探针Bret:含有探针Probe 1,其序列为:5’-FAM-ATGGCGAGGATGAAAGTTTGGGATACA-BHQ1-3’。
本发明的再进一步设置:数字PCR反应参数为:95℃ 预变性10min;95℃变性30sec,55℃ 退火延伸30 sec,72℃ 30 sec,50个循环;升温速度2℃~4℃保存反应产物。
本发明的再更进一步设置:数字PCR检测方法在葡萄酒中布鲁塞尔酒香酵母检测的应用。
本发明的有益效果是:解决了现在酒中无快速检测标准方法及存在检测时间长且容易出现假阴性结果的技术问题。数字PCR的反应体系适合于任何品种葡萄酒中提取得到的基因组样品,可以实现对布鲁塞尔酵母基因片段进行精确检测。采用数字PCR可以快速、特异定量地检测样品中的葡萄酒中腐败酵母菌,从样品DNA提取到数字PCR检测完成整个程序所花费时间至多也不超过6h,灵敏度可达3 cfu/mL。可见,该方案可以快速、灵敏、准确地检出葡萄酒中的布鲁塞尔酒香酵母,该检测方法适合于各种葡萄酒样品的检测,对于改善国内对布鲁塞尔酒香酵母的检测现状具有重大意义。
附图说明
图1 模拟样品的灵敏度实验。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细的说明。
实施例1:样品中DNA的提取
1、取45 mL待分析葡萄酒样品,置于具有无菌螺旋塞的50 mL试管中,在4 ℃离心5min,离心力为9300×g,弃去上清液。然后加入45 mL 10 mmol/L Tris-HCl pH 8.0洗涤残渣,涡旋振荡上述溶液,在4 ℃离心5 min,离心力为9300×g,弃去上清液。轻微涡旋,使沉淀悬浮于残留液体中。
2、DNA提取
2.1细胞裂解
向收集的沉淀悬浮液中加入0.3 g玻璃珠,然后加入PVPP,使其最终的质量/体积比为1%。加入200 μL溶液I和200 μL抽提液。涡旋振荡上述溶液80 s,然后置于-20 ℃冷却80 s;重复上述涡旋冷却步骤3次。
2.2 纯化DNA
1)加入200 μL TE溶液,12000×g,离心5 min。小心收集400 μL的上层水相至新的离心管中。如果水相和有机相分离不充分,重复上述离心步骤。
2)向离心管中加入1 mL无水乙醇,颠倒混匀4-5次。15700×g,离心5 min,弃上清。
3)加入400 μL TE溶液和30μL 浓度为1μg/μL的RNase A溶液,重悬沉淀。37 ℃温育5 min。
4)加入10μL 浓度为4 mol/L的醋酸铵溶液和1 mL无水乙醇,颠倒混匀。
5)12000×g,离心5 min,弃上清。倒置于吸水纸上,吸干液体,不同样品应在吸水纸不同位置吸干。
6)沉淀干燥:打开离心管盖,48 ℃恒温干燥1 h。
7)向干燥后的离心管底部加入25 μL TE,涡旋震荡后于4 ℃ 放置1 h-18 h(帮助DNA溶解)。室温下测定DNA含量。当DNA浓度为0.34 μg/mL-340 μg/mL ,A260/ A280 比值在1.7~1.9之间时,适宜PCR扩增。
实施例2:数字PCR反应
1、PCR反应体系,见表1。
表1 数字PCR反应体系
试剂名称 试剂用量(µL)
2×PCR反应液 10.0
上游引物(10 μmol/L ) 1.0
下游引物(10 μmol/L ) 1.0
探针Bret(10 μmol/L) 0.5
DNA模板 5.0
超纯水 2.5
总体积 20
2、PCR反应参数:95 ℃ 预变性10 min;95 ℃ 变性30 sec, 55 ℃ 退火延伸30 sec,72 ℃ 30 sec,50个循环;升温速度2 ℃~4 ℃保存反应产物。
实施例3:方法的灵敏度实验
模拟样品:葡萄酒样品用快速检测样品中布鲁塞尔酒香酵母的试剂盒检测。试剂盒组成为:
试剂A:DNA提取试剂;
试剂B:PCR反应液,其中含有特定引物Bret F,其序列为:5’-GTTCACACAATCCCCTCGATCAAC-3’。
试剂C:PCR反应液,其中含有特定引物Bret R,其序列为:
5’-GTTCACACAATCCCCTCGATCAAC-3’。
试剂D:PCR反应液,其中含有探针,其序列为:Probe 1 5’-FAM-ATGGCGAGGATGAAAGTTTGGGATACA-BHQ1-3’。
试剂E:2×PCR反应液(不含dUTP)。
先用试剂A提取样品中的DNA,之后进行PCR反应,反应结束后进行数据分析,即可对样品中布鲁塞尔酒香酵母进行定量。
将布鲁塞尔酒香酵母标准菌株稀释后,1 mL稀释液添加到葡萄酒样品45 mL中,作模拟样品的灵敏度实验。
数字PCR结果如图1,A05~C05:布鲁塞尔酒香酵母浓度为1.0×103cfu/mL;D05~F05:布鲁塞尔酒香酵母浓度为1.0×102cfu/mL;G05~A06:布鲁塞尔酒香酵母浓度为10cfu/mL;B05~D06:布鲁塞尔酒香酵母浓度为1.0cfu/mL;E06~G06:布鲁塞尔酒香酵母浓度为1.0×10-1cfu/mL;H06~B07:布鲁塞尔酒香酵母浓度为1.0×10-2cfu/mL;C07~E07:布鲁塞尔酒香酵母浓度为1.0×10-3cfu/mL。
表2 灵敏度实验原始数据
由附图1、表2可知,模拟样品的浓度在3.0 cfu/mL可以定量检测。即模拟样品中布鲁塞尔酒香酵母的定量限为3.0 cfu/mL。
实施例4:方法的特异性实验
引用布鲁塞尔酒香酵母特异性的1对基因引物Bret F和Bret R,特异性探针Probe 1对革兰氏阳性细菌【金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)ATCC 29213】、革兰氏阴性细菌【大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)ATCC 35218】、5株葡萄酒相关菌株【鲁氏结合酵母(Zygosaccharomyces rouxii)CICC 1378;酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) CICC1964;异酒香酵母(Brettanomyces anomalus) CICC 32915;酒香酵母属(Brettanomycessp.) CICC 31575;间型酒香酵母(Brettanomyces intenmedius) CICC 32929 】进行检测。结果如表3。
表3 方法特异性检测数据
由表3数据可得,该方法特异性良好。

Claims (4)

1.根据权利要求1所述的一种葡萄酒中腐败酵母菌的检测引物及数字PCR检测方法,其特征在于:检测方法为:
一、提取葡萄酒样品中的DNA,裂解细胞并纯化DNA;
二、数字PCR反应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种葡萄酒中腐败酵母菌的检测引物及数字PCR检测方法,其特征在于:所述数字PCR反应的体系包括:
2×PCR反应液 10.0μL
上游引物(10 μmol/L ) 1.0μL
下游引物(10μmol/L ) 1.0μL
探针Bret(10 μmol/L) 0.5μL
DNA模板 5.0μL
超纯水 2.5μL
总体积 20μL
其中,上游引物:含有特定引物Bret F,其序列为:5’-GTTCACACAATCCCCTCGATCAAC-3’;下游引物:含有特定引物Bret R,其序列为:5’-GTTCACACAATCCCCTCGATCAAC-3’;
探针Bret:含有探针Probe 1,其序列为:5’-FAM-ATGGCGAGGATGAAAGTTTGGGATACA-BHQ1-3’。
3.根据权利要求3所述的一种葡萄酒中腐败酵母菌的检测引物及数字PCR检测方法,其特征在于:所述数字PCR反应的参数为:95℃ 预变性10min;95℃变性30 sec,55℃ 退火延伸30 sec,72℃ 30 sec,50个循环;升温速度2℃~4℃保存反应产物。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的一种葡萄酒中腐败酵母菌的检测引物及数字PCR检测方法,其特征在于:数字PCR检测方法在葡萄酒中布鲁塞尔酒香酵母检测的应用。
CN201611018502.2A 2016-11-18 2016-11-18 一种葡萄酒中腐败酵母菌的检测引物及数字pcr检测方法 Pending CN106755305A (zh)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104109711A (zh) * 2014-05-13 2014-10-22 华南理工大学 一种用于检测腐败酵母菌核苷酸片段的引物、探针及检测方法和试剂盒

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104109711A (zh) * 2014-05-13 2014-10-22 华南理工大学 一种用于检测腐败酵母菌核苷酸片段的引物、探针及检测方法和试剂盒

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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Application publication date: 20170531