CN106749308A - 一种快速高选择性分析铜离子的比色荧光探针及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种快速高选择性分析铜离子的比色荧光探针及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106749308A
CN106749308A CN201611246365.8A CN201611246365A CN106749308A CN 106749308 A CN106749308 A CN 106749308A CN 201611246365 A CN201611246365 A CN 201611246365A CN 106749308 A CN106749308 A CN 106749308A
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段庆霞
吕小钰
柳彩云
王作凯
朱宝存
杜斌
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种快速高选择性分析铜离子的比色荧光探针及其制备方法。具体地,本发明的探针为一种2‑吡啶甲酸酯类化合物,其可作为铜离子比色荧光探针用于铜离子的检测。这种探针可实现如下的技术效果中的至少一个:高选择性地识别铜离子;可以快速对铜离子实现响应;可以实现对铜离子的高灵敏分析;可以实现对铜离子的裸眼比色分析;性质稳定,可以长期保存使用;以及具有较强的抗干扰能力。

Description

一种快速高选择性分析铜离子的比色荧光探针及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及2-吡啶甲酸酯类化合物作为铜离子比色荧光探针,能够迅速对铜离子高选择性灵敏识别,或者其可测定样品中铜离子的浓度。
背景技术
铜作为第三个最丰富的过渡金属在人体中细胞能量的产生、氧的传输和活化、以及信号转导等方面起着举足轻重的作用。铜离子是一个特定的金属阳离子,它可以作为多种金属酶的催化辅助因子,如酪氨酸酶、过氧化物歧化酶、细胞色素氧化酶、赖氨酰氧化酶等,在人体代谢过程起着非常关键的作用。铜虽然在人体内含量很低,但缺乏铜元素可以导致机体代谢和生长的紊乱,铜的含量过高同样也会对人体产生很大的毒害作用。如果人体内的铜代谢平衡受到破坏,将会导致一些严重的神经退行性疾病的产生,如威尔森氏综合症、家族性肌萎缩症、缅克斯综合症和阿尔茨海默氏症等疾病。近年来,铜一直被怀疑引起婴儿的肝损害。短期暴露于高铜离子水平的环境中可引起胃肠道紊乱,长期接触可引起肝脏和肾脏的损害。
另一方面,由于铜离子被广泛应用于工农业中,所以它是重要的环境污染物。因此,探索一个高效的能够检测生物体内铜离子的方法是非常重要的。目前检测铜离子的方法主要有分光光度测定方法、电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法、循环伏安法、电感耦合等离子体-质谱法等方法。但这些检测铜离子方法的过程特别繁琐,并且这些检测设备的价格普遍都很昂贵,不适合用于大批量的检测和进行实时的检测。比起其他的方法,荧光探针有着其内在的优势,包括高灵敏度,特异性,实施简单,响应快速,能实现实时检测,能应用于生物成像等。然而,目前报道的比色荧光探针仍存在一些问题,包括选择性不够好、响应速度不够快、合成复杂。所以,发展一个有高选择性和超灵敏的用以检测铜离子的比色荧光探针是非常有必要的。饮水中含铜离子的适宜浓度为0.5~1.0mg/L,这给铜离子的检测带来很大困难,因此发展能够高灵敏性检测生命体内铜离子的分析方法是急需的。总之,发展快速、高选择性、高灵敏度、合成简单的铜离子比色荧光双通道探针是本领域技术人员急需解决的。
发明内容
本领域急需一种制备简单的快速高选择性铜离子比色荧光探针,从而能够有效检测铜离子。为此,本发明合成了一类新颖的铜离子比色荧光探针,其合成简单、选择性好、灵敏度高、能够快速识别铜离子。具体而言,本发明提供了一种铜离子荧光探针,其为2-吡啶甲酸酯类化合物,其结构如下:
优选的,本发明的荧光探针是:
本发明还提供了铜离子比色荧光探针的制备方法,其是通过将对应于本发明探针的相应类荧光素化合物与2-吡啶甲酸在二氯甲烷(或乙腈或四氢呋喃或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜或它们的混合物)溶液中反应制得。
本发明还提供了用于检测样本中铜离子浓度的检测制剂或试剂盒,其包含本发明的探针。优选地,本发明的检测制剂或试剂盒还包含产品的使用说明书。还优选地,本发明的试剂盒还包含用于测定样本中的铜离子浓度的缓冲剂。
本发明还提供了检测样本中铜离子浓度的方法,其包括将本发明的探针与待测样本接触的步骤。
本发明还提供了本发明的探针在制备用于检测样本中铜离子浓度的制剂中的用途。
本发明还提供了本发明的探针在制备用于检测样本(例如水样样本)中铜离子浓度的试剂盒中的用途。
本发明的铜离子比色荧光探针可与铜离子进行作用,产生荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱的变化,从而实现对铜离子的定性、定量检测。
具体而言,本发明的铜离子比色荧光探针分别与钾离子、钠离子、钙离子、镁离子、锌离子、亚铁离子、镍离子、钴离子、镉离子、铅离子等其他离子进行作用均不能导致荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱的明显改变,从而实现对铜离子的选择性识别,进而可任选地用于排除这些钾离子、钠离子、钙离子、镁离子、锌离子、亚铁离子、镍离子、钴离子、镉离子、铅离子以及人体内其他离子的存在对铜离子的定量测定的干扰。
可选择地,本发明的铜离子比色荧光探针的稳定性好,进而能够长期保存使用。
进一步的,本发明的铜离子比色荧光探针是快速高选择性铜离子比色荧光探针,且合成简单,有利于商业化的推广应用。
附图说明
图1a是探针(5μM)加入Cu2+(5μM)前后的荧光光谱,图1b是探针(5μM)加入Cu2+(5μM)前后的吸收光谱。
图2是不同浓度Cu2+(0-3μM)对探针(5μM)荧光光谱的影响;
图3是不同离子分析物(5μM)对探针(5μM)荧光强度的影响。a:探针溶液,b:钾离子,c:钠离子,d:钙离子,e:镁离子,f:锌离子,g:亚铁离子,h:镍离子,i:钴离子,j:镉离子,k:铅离子。
具体实施方式:
本发明提供了上述快速高选择性铜离子比色荧光探针的合成路线、方法及其光谱性能。
本发明的铜离子比色荧光探针是一种2-吡啶甲酸酯类化合物,其具有以下结构通式:
上式中:R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6和R7为氢原子,直链或支链烷基,直链或支链烷氧基,磺酸基,酯基,羧基;R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6和R7可以相同或不同。
该类铜离子比色荧光探针的合成路线和方法如下:
具体地,本发明的比色荧光探针可以通过如下方法制备,将一定摩尔比(例如1:2~1:6)的类荧光素化合物与2-吡啶甲酸溶于二氯甲烷(或乙腈或四氢呋喃或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜或它们的混合物)中反应,反应完全后利用真空泵进行抽滤,得到滤液,将滤液直接过色谱柱,得到纯品。
因此,本发明还提供了2-吡啶甲酸在制备用于检测铜离子的比色荧光探针中的用途。
本发明还提供了类荧光素化合物在制备用于检测铜离子的比色荧光探针中的用途。
本发明的快速高选择性高灵敏识别铜离子比色荧光探针的显著特征是能够快速高选择性灵敏识别铜离子以及在人体内的其他离子的存在下能够准确对铜离子进行定量分析。
下面将通过借助以下实施例来更详细地说明本发明。以下实施例仅是说明性的,应该明白,本发明并不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1
(方案1)将387mg(1mmol)罗丹明B杂化的荧光素溶于15mL二氯甲烷中,再加入246mg(2mmol)2-吡啶甲酸回流6h,然后利用真空泵进行抽滤,得到滤液,将滤液直接过色谱柱,得到纯品。得到淡黄色纯净产品295.2mg,产率为60%。
(方案2)将387mg(1mmol)罗丹明B杂化的荧光素溶于15mL二氯甲烷中,再加入307.5mg(2.5mmol)2-吡啶甲酸回流6h,然后利用真空泵进行抽滤,得到滤液,将滤液直接过色谱柱,得到纯品。得到淡黄色纯净产品310mg,产率为63%。
(方案3)将387mg(1mmol)罗丹明B杂化的荧光素溶于15mL二氯甲烷中,再加入369mg(3mmol)2-吡啶甲酸回流6h,然后利用真空泵进行抽滤,得到滤液,将滤液直接过色谱柱,得到纯品。得到淡黄色纯净产品334.6mg,产率为68%。
(方案4)将387mg(1mmol)罗丹明B杂化的荧光素溶于20mL二氯甲烷中,再加入492mg(4mmol)2-吡啶甲酸回流6h,然后利用真空泵进行抽滤,得到滤液,将滤液直接过色谱柱,得到纯品。得到橙色纯净产品344.4mg,产率为70%。
(方案5)将387mg(1mmol)罗丹明B杂化的荧光素溶于15mL二氯甲烷中,再加入369mg(3mmol)2-吡啶甲酸回流10h,然后利用真空泵进行抽滤,得到滤液,将滤液直接过色谱柱,得到纯品。得到淡黄色纯净产品364.1mg,产率为74%。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(*10-6):1.103(t,J=7.0Hz,6H),3.281-3.401(m,4H),5.580(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.516(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),6.863(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.072(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.382(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.403(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.734-7.773(m,2H),7.831(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),8.040(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.096(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.259(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.829d,J=4.8Hz,1H).13C-NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(*10-6):12.78,44.26,83.31,97.38,104.65,109.44,110.84,117.72,118.28,124.63,125.19,126.37,126.70,128.60,129.17,129.62,130.71,136.16,138.26,146.96,149.88,150.25,150.53,152.08,152.38,152.55,152.69,157.08,163.55,169.10.
实施例2
图1(a)是探针(5μM)加入Cu2+(5μM)前后的荧光光谱。由图可以清晰地看到,铜离子的加入导致荧光强度增强。
图1(b)是探针(5μM)加入Cu2+(5μM)前后的吸收光谱。由图可以清晰地看到,铜离子的加入导致吸收值增强,并且溶液颜色变成粉红色,因此利用该探针能够实现对铜离子的裸眼比色分析。
实施例3
图2是不同浓度Cu2+(0-3μM)对探针(5μM)荧光光谱的影响;
由图可以看出,伴随着探针溶液中Cu2+浓度的增加,荧光强度逐渐增强。重要的是,荧光强度与加入的铜离子浓度呈现了良好的线性关系,这证明借助于该荧光探针能够对铜离子进行定量分析,且具有较高的灵敏度。
实施例4
图3是不同离子分析物(5μM)对探针(5μM)的荧光强度的影响。所有测定都是15min后完成的。黑色柱状图为未加铜离子时的荧光强度,红色为加入5μM铜离子反应15min后的荧光强度。
分析物包括:铜离子、钾离子、钠离子、钙离子、镁离子、锌离子、亚铁离子、镍离子、钴离子、镉离子、铅离子。它们的浓度均为5μM。所有测试条件是在纯水中完成,所使用的探针是实施例1中所制备的探针,且所有光谱都是在25℃下分析物加入15min后测得的。具体地,加入5mL超纯水至10mL比色管中,然后加入50μL的探针储备液(1mM),再加入50μL缓冲溶液(PBS=5μM,pH=7.0)最后用超纯水定容至10mL,摇匀。移取5μL上述分析物储备液(10mM)加入比色管内,15min后测定。结果如图3所示。
从图3可以看出,生物体内存在的常见离子不会明显干扰探针对铜离子的测定,因此探针具有良好的选择性。
虽然用上述实施方式描述了本发明,应当理解的是,在不背离本发明的精神的前提下,本发明可进行进一步的修饰和变动,且这些修饰和变动均属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.化合物,其具有以下结构
其中:R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6和R7为独立地选自由氢原子、直链或支链烷基、直链或支链烷氧基、磺酸基、酯基和羟基组成的组;且其中的R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6和R7可以相同或不同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其为如下结构的化合物:
3.用于检测样本中铜离子含量的制剂,其包含权利要求1或2的化合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制剂,其中所述的样本是水样样本。
5.制备权利要求1或2的化合物的方法,其包括如下步骤:
将荧光素化合物与2-吡啶甲酸溶于二氯甲烷(或乙腈或四氢呋喃或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜或它们的混合物)反应,以及任选地,反应结束后进行抽滤,得到滤液,将滤液直接过色谱柱,得到纯品。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中所述类荧光素化合物与2-吡啶甲酸的摩尔比为1:2-1:6。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述类荧光素化合物是罗丹明B杂化的荧光素化合物,且其与2-吡啶甲酸的摩尔比为1:2-1:3。
8.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述的反应时间为4-10个小时。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述的反应时间为6个小时。
10.权利要求1或2的化合物在制备用于样本中检测铜离子含量的试剂盒中的用途。
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