CN106748274B - Selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice - Google Patents
Selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN106748274B CN106748274B CN201710057811.9A CN201710057811A CN106748274B CN 106748274 B CN106748274 B CN 106748274B CN 201710057811 A CN201710057811 A CN 201710057811A CN 106748274 B CN106748274 B CN 106748274B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting fertilizers, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice. The selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for the rice consists of citric acid monohydrate, sodium selenite, urea, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, soluble trace element compounds, momordica grosvenori and alternanthera philoxeroides. The foliar fertilizer improves the absorption conversion rate of the rice to selenium, has good cadmium resistance, sufficient nutrients and easy absorption, and after the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the rice, the selenium-rich cadmium-reducing efficiency of the foliar fertilizer is high, the effect is stable, and the yield of the rice is good.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting fertilizers, in particular to a selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice.
[ background of the invention ]
Rice is one of the main grains in the world, and more than half of people in China use rice as staple food. The rice nutritive value and the sanitary quality index have close relationship with the national health. The overproof rate of pollutants at soil points of cultivated land in China is reported to be 19.1%, and the overproof rate of cadmium is reported to be 7.0%. The rice has the habit of enriching the heavy metal cadmium and is a bulk cereal crop with the strongest capacity of absorbing the cadmium. Cadmium is a non-essential element for human bodies, has toxic action on human bodies, animals and plants, and is at risk of chronic poisoning when people eat food with excessive cadmium content for a long time. At present, the content of cadmium or effective cadmium in soil is reduced by soil remediation measures to reduce the accumulation of cadmium in rice, and the method is troublesome to operate and has huge investment; in addition, the cadmium content of rice is reduced by adopting an agronomic measure, such as breeding of rice varieties inhibiting cadmium absorption, the breeding period of the method is long, and the quality of the bred varieties and the rice cannot be considered at the same time. Selenium is a trace nutrient element essential to human body, and has effects of eliminating peroxide, preventing cell injury, delaying cell aging, resisting cancer, and preventing cardiovascular diseases. Selenium deficiency can cause various diseases of human body. 72% of county and city soils in China have selenium deficiency of different degrees, people in the areas often have insufficient selenium intake, and even in some soils with high total selenium content, the produced food has low selenium content. Spraying selenium-containing foliar fertilizer is an effective way for producing selenium-rich rice, and in cadmium-polluted areas, the research and development of the foliar fertilizer for enriching the selenium of the rice and reducing the cadmium content of the rice are considered, so that the method has important significance for the production of the rice. Research shows that selenium and cadmium have antagonistic action, and the selenium in the soil can inhibit the absorption of cadmium by rice roots.
Chinese patent with the granted publication number of CN102992909B, namely 'preparation of a plant selenium-rich cadmium-reducing ecological nutrition conditioner' discloses a plant selenium-rich cadmium-reducing ecological nutrition conditioner which is produced according to the following proportion of 28-35% of potassium humate, 35-45% of monopotassium phosphate, 2-5% of sodium borate, 25-35% of potassium fulvate, 3-5% of JFC, 61-1.5% of DA-61 and 6-10% of selenite. The plant selenium-rich cadmium-reducing ecological nutrition conditioner can promote crops to efficiently absorb nutrition, quickly and healthily grow, has obvious effects of reducing various toxic and harmful substances, particularly cadmium and arsenic in polluted soil, and can produce high-quality selenium-rich agricultural products; the application range is wide, the nutrient conditioner can be used for various crops such as rice, wheat, tea, fruits, vegetables and medicinal materials, but the nutrient conditioner is lack of trace elements required by plants and is not beneficial to the growth of the rice, in addition, when humic acid is used as a chelating agent, trace elements such as zinc, magnesium, manganese, copper and the like are easily generated to precipitate, and the elements are exactly the nutrient elements required by the growth of the plants and have great influence on the growth of the plants.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems, the selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for the rice is provided. The foliar fertilizer improves the absorption conversion rate of the rice to selenium, has good cadmium resistance, sufficient nutrients and easy absorption, and after the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the rice, the selenium-rich cadmium-reducing efficiency of the foliar fertilizer is high, the effect is stable, and the yield of the rice is good.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice is composed of citric acid monohydrate, sodium selenite, urea, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, soluble trace element compounds, fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii, and herba Nepetae Erectae.
In the invention, the foliar fertilizer further comprises 30-50g of citric acid monohydrate, 15-24g of sodium selenite, 220g of urea 160-42 g, 55-70g of potassium chloride, 70-90g of monopotassium phosphate, 2-20g of soluble trace element compounds, 3-6g of momordica grosvenori and 0.5-3g of alternanthera philoxeroides.
In the invention, the foliar fertilizer further comprises, by weight, 40g of citric acid monohydrate, 20g of sodium selenite, 200g of urea, 62g of potassium chloride, 80g of monopotassium phosphate, 12g of soluble trace element compounds, 5g of momordica grosvenori and 2g of alternanthera philoxeroides.
In the invention, further, the soluble trace element compound is one or more of soluble zinc, magnesium, copper, manganese or iron compounds.
A method for preparing the selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for the rice comprises the following steps:
A. pulverizing Alternanthera philoxeroides, vacuum drying at 30-45 deg.C for 6-10h, adding ethanol with volume fraction of 27-33% 20-28 times of the total weight, performing microwave extraction, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to volume of 10-20ml for use;
B. pulverizing fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii, adding 10-16 times of anhydrous alcohol, sealing, standing for 2-4 days, refluxing for 5-8 hr, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to volume of 10-20 ml;
C. respectively dissolving citric acid monohydrate, sodium selenite, urea, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and soluble trace element compounds with water to prepare solutions with concentrations of 0.5g/ml, 0.4g/ml, 0.5g/ml, 0.28g/ml, 0.22g/ml and 0.1g/ml respectively, wherein each solution is reserved;
D. slowly adding the sodium selenite solution into the citric acid solution, pouring while stirring, and completely and uniformly mixing, then sequentially pouring the soluble trace element compound solution, the urea solution, the potassium chloride solution and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution into the mixture, and stirring while pouring, and completely and uniformly mixing for later use;
E. and (4) completely and uniformly mixing the standby materials obtained in the step A, B, D, adding water for dilution to enable the concentration of selenium to be 15-25 g/L, and obtaining the foliar fertilizer.
In the present invention, further, the microwave extraction conditions in step a are as follows: the extraction pressure is 0.5-1.5MPa, the extraction time is 40-70min, and the microwave power is 550-600 watts.
The method for using the selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for the rice comprises the following steps:
one-time or two-time spraying is adopted, and the one-time spraying comprises the following steps: selecting sunny weather 12-17 days before the rice is cracked, diluting the foliar fertilizer by 200 times and 300 times, and uniformly spraying the foliar fertilizer on the rice leaf surface by a sprayer, wherein the dosage is 150 ml/mu; the two-time spraying comprises the following steps: selecting sunny weather 17-20 days before the rice is cracked, diluting the foliar fertilizer by 200-.
In the invention, further, the use conditions of the foliar fertilizer are that the total cadmium content in soil is less than 1mg/kg, and the total selenium content is less than 0.4 mg/kg.
In the present invention, further, within 10 hours after spraying, if it is rained, the spraying is repeated once, and the spraying amount is 1/2 to 2/3 which is the spraying amount before raining.
In the foliar fertilizer, under the acidic condition of citric acid, citric acid is complexed with sodium selenite to obtain organic selenium, so that the increase of the selenium content of rice is promoted, the antagonism of selenium and cadmium is utilized to inhibit the absorption of rice to cadmium and reduce the content of harmful substances in rice, and the momordica grosvenori has the effect of stimulating the growth of crops, is matched with the citric acid and acts together, so that the selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing capacity of the foliar fertilizer is greatly enhanced, the content of the harmful substances in rice is obviously reduced, and the health-care value of rice is improved. In addition, the citric acid has proper acidity, so that on one hand, the fertilizer effect of the foliar fertilizer can be greatly reduced due to the precipitation of trace elements such as selenium, iron, zinc and the like, the problem of the precipitation of nutrient elements in the traditional foliar fertilizer is solved, and the fertilizer effect is stable; on the other hand, the acid environment of the alligator alternanthera can be matched with the alligator alternanthera, so that the alligator alternanthera has the property of a cationic surfactant, the surface tension of a foliar fertilizer can be greatly reduced, the wetting effect of the foliar fertilizer on rice is enhanced, and the alligator alternanthera has very strong bactericidal capability and enhances the bactericidal and disease-preventing effects of the foliar fertilizer.
The leaf fertilizer has a scientific and reasonable formula, the effective nutrient components of the raw materials are mutually fused, mutually invigorated and promoted, so that the leaf fertilizer is rich in nutrient elements, good in absorption, high in utilization rate, stable in effect and good in rice yield, has the effects of sterilizing and preventing diseases, can reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, is beneficial to the healthy growth of rice, can effectively promote the absorption and conversion of the rice on the selenium element and inhibit the absorption of harmful cadmium, has high efficiency of selenium enrichment and cadmium reduction of the rice, improves the rice quality, has high health care value, and brings higher economic benefits to farmers. In addition, the foliar fertilizer has small surface tension and good wetting effect, and can enhance the action time and effect of the foliar fertilizer on rice.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the invention, citric acid is complexed with sodium selenite to obtain organic selenium, the improvement of the selenium content of rice is promoted, the antagonism of selenium and cadmium is utilized to inhibit the absorption of rice to cadmium, the grosvener siraitia can stimulate the growth of crops, the grosvener siraitia is matched with citric acid, the selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing capability of a foliar fertilizer is greatly enhanced, the content of harmful substances in rice is obviously reduced, the rice is rich in selenium and less in cadmium, and the quality of the rice is improved.
(2) The fertilizer efficiency of the foliar fertilizer can be greatly reduced due to precipitation of trace elements such as selenium, iron, zinc and the like, the absorption utilization rate of the trace elements is improved, the problem of precipitation of nutrient elements in the traditional foliar fertilizer is solved, and the stability of the fertilizer efficiency is improved.
(3) The leaf fertilizer has scientific and reasonable formula, mutual fusion of effective nutrient components among the raw materials, rich nutrient elements, good absorption and high utilization rate, has the effects of sterilizing and preventing diseases, can reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, is beneficial to the healthy growth of rice, has small surface tension and good wetting effect, and can enhance the action time and the action effect of the leaf fertilizer on the rice.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
For better understanding of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice comprises, by weight, 50g of citric acid monohydrate, 24g of sodium selenite, 220g of urea, 55g of potassium chloride, 90g of monopotassium phosphate, 2g of soluble trace element compounds (1 g of zinc chloride, 0.7g of magnesium chloride and 0.3g of copper nitrate), 6g of momordica grosvenori and 0.5g of alternanthera philoxeroides.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice comprises the following steps:
A. crushing alternanthera philoxeroides, drying for 6h under vacuum at 45 ℃, adding 27% ethanol with the volume fraction 28 times of the total weight, performing microwave extraction under the conditions that the extraction pressure is 1.5MPa, the extraction time is 40min and the microwave power is 600 watts, filtering, and concentrating the obtained filtrate to 20ml for later use;
B. crushing momordica grosvenori, adding absolute ethyl alcohol with the weight 16 times of the total weight of the momordica grosvenori, sealing and standing for 2 days, refluxing for 8 hours, filtering, and concentrating the obtained filtrate to 10ml for later use;
C. respectively dissolving citric acid monohydrate, sodium selenite, urea, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and soluble trace element compounds with water to prepare solutions with concentrations of 0.5g/ml, 0.4g/ml, 0.5g/ml, 0.28g/ml, 0.22g/ml and 0.1g/ml respectively, wherein each solution is reserved;
D. slowly adding the sodium selenite solution into the citric acid solution, pouring while stirring, and completely and uniformly mixing, then sequentially pouring the soluble trace element compound solution, the urea solution, the potassium chloride solution and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution into the mixture, and stirring while pouring, and completely and uniformly mixing for later use;
E. and (4) completely and uniformly mixing the standby materials obtained in the step A, B, D, and adding water for dilution to enable the concentration of selenium to be 25 g/L, so that the foliar fertilizer is obtained.
The selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice in the embodiment is tested in a rice field with low cadmium pollution and low selenium content (the total cadmium content in soil is less than 1mg/kg, and the total selenium content is less than 0.4mg/kg) in Guangxi, and the using method comprises the following steps:
and (2) diluting the foliar fertilizer by 300 times in a sunny day 17 days before the rice is breached, uniformly spraying the foliar fertilizer on the rice leaf surface by using a sprayer, wherein the dosage is 150 ml/mu, and repeatedly spraying the foliar fertilizer once when the foliar fertilizer is rained 9 hours after spraying, wherein the repeated spraying dosage is 75 ml/mu.
Example 2
The selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice comprises, by weight, 30g of citric acid monohydrate, 15g of sodium selenite, 160g of urea, 70g of potassium chloride, 70g of monopotassium phosphate, 20g of soluble trace element compounds (8 g of zinc chloride, 7g of magnesium sulfate, 1g of manganese chloride and 4g of ferrous sulfate), 3g of momordica grosvenori and 3g of alternanthera philoxeroides.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice comprises the following steps:
A. crushing alternanthera philoxeroides, drying for 10h under vacuum at 30 ℃, adding 33% ethanol with the volume fraction of 20 times of the total weight, performing microwave extraction under the conditions that the extraction pressure is 0.5MPa, the extraction time is 70min and the microwave power is 550 watts, filtering, and concentrating the obtained filtrate to 10ml for later use;
B. crushing momordica grosvenori, adding absolute ethyl alcohol with the weight 10 times of the total weight of the momordica grosvenori, sealing and standing for 4 days, refluxing for 5 hours, filtering, and concentrating the obtained filtrate to 20ml for later use;
C. respectively dissolving citric acid monohydrate, sodium selenite, urea, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and soluble trace element compounds with water to prepare solutions with concentrations of 0.5g/ml, 0.4g/ml, 0.5g/ml, 0.28g/ml, 0.22g/ml and 0.1g/ml respectively, wherein each solution is reserved;
D. slowly adding the sodium selenite solution into the citric acid solution, pouring while stirring, and completely and uniformly mixing, then sequentially pouring the soluble trace element compound solution, the urea solution, the potassium chloride solution and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution into the mixture, and stirring while pouring, and completely and uniformly mixing for later use;
E. and (4) completely and uniformly mixing the standby materials obtained in the step A, B, D, and adding water for dilution to enable the concentration of selenium to be 15 g/L, so that the foliar fertilizer is obtained.
The selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice in the embodiment is tested in a rice field with low cadmium pollution and low selenium content (the total cadmium content in soil is less than 1mg/kg, and the total selenium content is less than 0.4mg/kg) in Guangxi, and the using method comprises the following steps:
spraying for one time: and (3) diluting the foliar fertilizer by 200 times in a sunny day 12 days before the rice is breached, and uniformly spraying the foliar fertilizer on the rice leaf surfaces by using a sprayer, wherein the dosage is 150 ml/mu.
Example 3
The selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice comprises, by weight, 40g of citric acid monohydrate, 20g of sodium selenite, 200g of urea, 62g of potassium chloride, 80g of monopotassium phosphate, 12g of soluble trace element compounds (3 g of zinc chloride, 6g of magnesium nitrate, 0.5g of copper chloride, 1g of manganese sulfate and 1.5g of ferric nitrate), 5g of momordica grosvenori and 2g of alternanthera philoxeroides.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice comprises the following steps:
A. crushing alternanthera philoxeroides, drying for 8h under vacuum at 37 ℃, adding 30% ethanol with volume fraction 25 times of the total weight, performing microwave extraction under the conditions of extraction pressure of 1.2MPa, extraction time of 55min and microwave power of 570 watts, filtering, and concentrating the obtained filtrate to volume of 15ml for later use;
B. crushing momordica grosvenori, adding absolute ethyl alcohol with the weight being 12 times of that of the momordica grosvenori, sealing and standing for 3 days, refluxing for 7 hours, filtering, and concentrating the obtained filtrate to 13ml for later use;
C. respectively dissolving citric acid monohydrate, sodium selenite, urea, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and soluble trace element compounds with water to prepare solutions with concentrations of 0.5g/ml, 0.4g/ml, 0.5g/ml, 0.28g/ml, 0.22g/ml and 0.1g/ml respectively, wherein each solution is reserved;
D. slowly adding the sodium selenite solution into the citric acid solution, pouring while stirring, and completely and uniformly mixing, then sequentially pouring the soluble trace element compound solution, the urea solution, the potassium chloride solution and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution into the mixture, and stirring while pouring, and completely and uniformly mixing for later use;
E. and (4) completely and uniformly mixing the standby materials obtained in the step A, B, D, and adding water for dilution to enable the concentration of selenium to be 20 g/L, so that the foliar fertilizer is obtained.
The selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice in the embodiment is tested in a rice field with low cadmium pollution and low selenium content (the total cadmium content in soil is less than 1mg/kg, and the total selenium content is less than 0.4mg/kg) in Guangxi, and the using method comprises the following steps:
20 days before the rice is cut, in sunny days, diluting the foliar fertilizer by 200 times, uniformly spraying the foliar fertilizer on the rice leaf surfaces by using a sprayer, and spraying the foliar fertilizer for the first time, wherein the dosage is 100 ml/mu; and (3) diluting the foliar fertilizer by 200 times in a sunny day 13 days before the rice is cracked, uniformly spraying the foliar fertilizer on the rice leaf surfaces by using a sprayer, and spraying for the second time, wherein the dosage is 100 ml/mu.
Example 4
The selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice comprises, by weight, 40g of citric acid monohydrate, 20g of sodium selenite, 200g of urea, 62g of potassium chloride, 80g of monopotassium phosphate, 12g of soluble trace element compounds (3 g of zinc chloride, 6g of magnesium nitrate, 0.5g of copper chloride, 1g of manganese sulfate and 1.5g of ferric nitrate), 5g of momordica grosvenori and 2g of alternanthera philoxeroides.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice comprises the following steps:
A. crushing alternanthera philoxeroides, drying for 8h under vacuum at 37 ℃, adding 30% ethanol with volume fraction 25 times of the total weight, performing microwave extraction under the conditions of extraction pressure of 1.2MPa, extraction time of 55min and microwave power of 570 watts, filtering, and concentrating the obtained filtrate to volume of 12ml for later use;
B. crushing momordica grosvenori, adding absolute ethyl alcohol with the weight being 12 times of the total weight of the momordica grosvenori, sealing and standing for 3 days, refluxing for 7 hours, filtering, and concentrating the obtained filtrate to 15ml for later use;
C. respectively dissolving citric acid monohydrate, sodium selenite, urea, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and soluble trace element compounds with water to prepare solutions with concentrations of 0.5g/ml, 0.4g/ml, 0.5g/ml, 0.28g/ml, 0.22g/ml and 0.1g/ml respectively, wherein each solution is reserved;
D. slowly adding the sodium selenite solution into the citric acid solution, pouring while stirring, and completely and uniformly mixing, then sequentially pouring the soluble trace element compound solution, the urea solution, the potassium chloride solution and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution into the mixture, and stirring while pouring, and completely and uniformly mixing for later use;
E. and (4) completely and uniformly mixing the standby materials obtained in the step A, B, D, and adding water for dilution to enable the concentration of selenium to be 18 g/L, so that the foliar fertilizer is obtained.
The selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice in the embodiment is tested in a rice field with low cadmium pollution and low selenium content (the total cadmium content in soil is less than 1mg/kg, and the total selenium content is less than 0.4mg/kg) in Guangxi, and the using method comprises the following steps:
diluting the foliar fertilizer by 300 times in a sunny day 17 days before the rice is breached, uniformly spraying the foliar fertilizer on the rice leaf surfaces by using a sprayer, spraying the foliar fertilizer for the first time, wherein the dosage is 100 ml/mu, and repeatedly spraying the foliar fertilizer for one time when raining 7 hours after spraying, wherein the repeated spraying dosage is 66.7 ml/mu; and (3) diluting the foliar fertilizer by 300 times in a sunny day 10 days before the rice is cracked, uniformly spraying the foliar fertilizer on the rice leaf surfaces by using a sprayer, and spraying for the second time, wherein the dosage is 100 ml/mu.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 was sprayed with clean water and the application method was the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 2
In comparative example 2, a certain brand of rice foliar fertilizer sold in the market was selected, and the application method was the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is substantially the same as example 4 except that: in comparative example 3 no momordica grosvenori was added.
Effect verification
In order to further illustrate the practical value of the foliar fertilizer, tests are carried out in a rice field with low cadmium pollution and low selenium content (0.92 mg/kg of all cadmium in soil and 0.22mg/kg of all selenium in soil) in Guangxi, the soil texture conditions of the test fields are similar, the foliar fertilizer rice is sprayed by adopting the embodiment and the comparative example of the invention respectively, the influence of different foliar fertilizers on the rice is compared, and the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 influence of applying different foliar fertilizers on Rice
From the results in table 1, it can be seen that: compared with comparative examples 1 and 2, the rice selenium content of the foliar fertilizer of the spraying embodiment is higher, the cadmium content is obviously reduced, the maturing rate is higher, and the particles are fuller and heavier, which shows that the foliar fertilizer can promote the selenium enrichment and cadmium reduction of the rice, promote the maturing of the rice to be more, and the particles to be fuller, and improve the yield; compared with the comparative example 3, the thousand seed weight and the setting percentage of the rice sprayed with the foliar fertilizer of the embodiment 4 are higher, which shows that the momordica grosvenori can stimulate the growth of the rice and promote the good yield of the rice, the selenium content is obviously improved, and the cadmium content is obviously reduced, which shows that the added momordica grosvenori can be matched with citric acid to obviously improve the absorption of the rice to the selenium, thereby greatly enhancing the selenium-rich and cadmium-reducing efficacy of the foliar fertilizer.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for the rice is characterized by comprising 30-50g of citric acid monohydrate, 15-24g of sodium selenite, 220g of urea 160-one, 55-70g of potassium chloride, 70-90g of monopotassium phosphate, 2-20g of soluble trace element compounds, 3-6g of momordica grosvenori and 0.5-3g of allium alternatum;
the preparation method of the selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for the rice comprises the following steps:
A. pulverizing Alternanthera philoxeroides, vacuum drying at 30-45 deg.C for 6-10h, adding ethanol with volume fraction of 27-33% 20-28 times of the total weight, performing microwave extraction, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to volume of 10-20ml for use;
B. crushing fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii, adding 10-16 times of anhydrous alcohol, sealing, standing for 2-4 days, refluxing for 5-8 hr, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to 10-20 ml;
C. respectively dissolving citric acid monohydrate, sodium selenite, urea, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and soluble trace element compounds with water to prepare solutions with concentrations of 0.5g/ml, 0.4g/ml, 0.5g/ml, 0.28g/ml, 0.22g/ml and 0.1g/ml respectively, wherein each solution is reserved;
D. slowly adding the sodium selenite solution into the citric acid solution, pouring while stirring, and completely and uniformly mixing, then sequentially pouring the soluble trace element compound solution, the urea solution, the potassium chloride solution and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution into the mixture, and stirring while pouring, and completely and uniformly mixing for later use;
E. and (4) completely and uniformly mixing the standby materials obtained in the step A, B, D, adding water for dilution to enable the concentration of selenium to be 15-25 g/L, and obtaining the foliar fertilizer.
2. The selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for the rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer consists of, by weight, 40g of citric acid monohydrate, 20g of sodium selenite, 200g of urea, 62g of potassium chloride, 80g of monopotassium phosphate, 12g of soluble trace element compounds, 5g of momordica grosvenori and 2g of alternanthera philoxeroides.
3. The selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the soluble trace element compound is one or more of soluble zinc, magnesium, copper, manganese or iron compounds.
4. The selenium-enriched cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conditions of the microwave extraction in the step A are as follows: the extraction pressure is 0.5-1.5MPa, the extraction time is 40-70min, and the microwave power is 550-600 watts.
5. The method for using the selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for the rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2 is characterized by adopting one or two spraying operations, wherein the one spraying operation is as follows: selecting sunny weather 12-17 days before the rice is cracked, diluting the foliar fertilizer by 200 times and 300 times, and uniformly spraying the foliar fertilizer on the rice leaf surface by a sprayer, wherein the dosage is 150 ml/mu; the two-time spraying comprises the following steps: selecting sunny weather 17-20 days before the rice is cracked, diluting the foliar fertilizer by 200-.
6. The use method of the selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein the foliar fertilizer is used under the conditions that the total cadmium content in soil is less than 1mg/kg and the total selenium content is less than 0.4 mg/kg.
7. The use method of the selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that within 10 hours after spraying, if the rice is exposed to rain, the spraying is repeated once, and the repeated spraying dosage is 1/2-2/3 of the spraying dosage before rain.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710057811.9A CN106748274B (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-01-23 | Selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice |
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| CN201710057811.9A CN106748274B (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-01-23 | Selenium-rich cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer special for rice |
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| CN107473849A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-15 | 南京仙草堂生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and application process of the biological organic fertilizer for improving Cadmium Pollution in Soils |
| CN108967442B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-06-05 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | Ferrous modified selenium sol for inhibiting cadmium and arsenic accumulation of rice and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108675891A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-10-19 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of new foliar fertilizer |
| CN111470895B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2022-02-22 | 沃博特生物科技有限公司 | Rice special selenium-rich fertilizer for inhibiting heavy metal cadmium in crops and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112174742A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Selenium-rich leaf surface enhancer for rice |
| CN113292380A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-08-24 | 江西省天久地矿建设工程院 | Foliage resistance control material for reducing cadmium element in rice and use method |
| CN114456001A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-10 | 岳西县天泰化工有限责任公司 | Preparation method and preparation equipment of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer for rice |
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| CN105819986A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-08-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Preparation method and application of selenium-enriched cadmium-resistant foliar fertilizer special for rice |
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