CN106747734B - Method for reducing nitrogen loss in composting process by utilizing nano silver - Google Patents
Method for reducing nitrogen loss in composting process by utilizing nano silver Download PDFInfo
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- CN106747734B CN106747734B CN201611245656.5A CN201611245656A CN106747734B CN 106747734 B CN106747734 B CN 106747734B CN 201611245656 A CN201611245656 A CN 201611245656A CN 106747734 B CN106747734 B CN 106747734B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
the invention discloses a method for reducing nitrogen loss in a composting process by utilizing a nano-silver solution, which comprises the following steps: adding the nano silver solution into the compost raw material to obtain a compost body; and (3) placing the compost body in a compost container with an outer layer wrapped with a heat-insulating film for indoor composting. The method of the invention can realize the reduction of the loss of nitrogen in the composting process with the advantages of high treatment efficiency, good treatment effect, simple treatment process, convenient operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nitrogen loss control method in a composting process, in particular to a preparation method of nano silver and application of the nano silver in reducing nitrogen loss in the composting process.
Background
Currently, composting technology has been widely used in the disposal of agricultural wastes, sludges, manure, biological waste, etc., which can convert biodegradable components into nuisance-free, sanitary humus-like substances, thereby enabling these wastes to be added to the soil again as fertilizers or conditioners.
Sludge is an inevitable by-product in sewage treatment plants. With the development of science and technology and sewage treatment plants, the yield of sludge is continuously increased. Since the sludge contains rich nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, the sludge compost finished product is widely applied to agriculture. However, because the water content of the sludge is higher and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is lower, nitrogen is easily lost in the form of ammonia gas in the composting process. Therefore, the nitrogen loss can be reduced by adding a certain amount of substances with higher carbon content in the sludge compost, such as straw, wood chips and the like. Meanwhile, the vegetable leaves are added into the compost as easily degradable substances, which is beneficial to the composting process. The bran can adjust the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost.
The high specific surface area makes the nanoparticles highly toxic. Currently, nano silver is receiving a wide range of attention in many fields, such as: personal care products, cosmetics, film materials, food containers, and the like. Many researches find that the nano silver has certain influence on the nitrification and denitrification processes and related microorganisms. It has been shown that in soil ecosystems, denitrifying microorganisms are more easily inhibited by nano-silver, and this effect is more serious as the concentration of nano-silver increases. It has also been found that the nitrification process and nitrifying microorganisms are more susceptible than the denitrification and its associated microorganisms. Although the influence of nano silver on nitrogen transfer transformation is concerned by many researchers, the application of nano silver is not concerned in the composting field. At present, researchers adopt many methods to reduce the loss of nitrogen in the composting process, increase the content of nitrogen in the compost finished product, such as adding biological carbon, zeolite and the like, or reduce the loss of nitrogen by controlling the temperature, the water content, the pH value, the ventilation condition and the like of the composting environment. These methods do not directly inhibit or promote the microorganisms that function in the nitrogen cycle, which is the activity performed by the relevant microorganisms. Therefore, the addition of a certain amount of an agent which has a direct influence on nitrogen-circulating microorganisms during composting is of great significance in reducing nitrogen loss during composting.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, provide a nano silver with good stability, and correspondingly provide a nano silver preparation method with simple process and rapid preparation; on the basis, the application of the nano silver is provided, and the loss of nitrogen in the composting process can be reduced by the advantages of high treatment efficiency, good treatment effect, simple treatment process, convenience in operation and the like.
in order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method for reducing nitrogen loss in a composting process by utilizing a nano-silver solution comprises the following steps:
S1, adding the nano-silver solution into the compost raw material to obtain a compost body;
S2, placing the compost body in a compost container with an outer layer wrapped with a heat preservation film for indoor composting.
in the above method, preferably, the nano silver in the nano silver solution is nano silver particles coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone.
In the above method, preferably, the polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated nano-silver particles are prepared by the following method:
S1-1, placing the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution in an ice bath environment and carrying out magnetic stirring;
S1-2, adding NaBH4 into the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution to obtain a mixed solution;
s1-3, dropwise adding the AgNO3 solution into the mixed solution, and magnetically stirring for 0.5-1 hour.
In the above method, the mass concentration of the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution is preferably 1% to 1.5%, and the content of NaBH4 in the mixed solution is preferably 2.0 × 10-3M to 2.5 × 10-3M; the concentration of the AgNO3 solution is 4.5X 10-3M-5X 10-3M.
In the above method, preferably, in the step S1, the compost raw materials include straw stalks, sludge, vegetable leaves and bran; the wet weight ratio of the straw stalks, the sludge, the vegetable leaves and the bran is 36: 22: 5.
in the method, preferably, the rice straw is air-dried rice straw with the length of 10 mm-20 mm; the sludge is obtained by grinding air-dried sludge and sieving the ground sludge with a 100-mesh sieve; the vegetables are air-dried vegetables with the length of 10 mm-20 mm; the bran is air-dried bran.
In the above method, preferably, in the step S1, the concentration of the nano silver in the stack is 2 to 20mg/(kg composition).
In the method, preferably, the cover of the compost container is provided with 5 through holes.
In the method, the indoor composting process lasts for 60 days.
In the method, the indoor composting process preferably comprises turning the piles once every day in the first two weeks and then turning the piles once every week.
In the above method, preferably, the water content of the pack is 60% to 65%; the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25: 1-30: 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention provides a method for reducing nitrogen loss in a composting process by utilizing a nano-silver solution, wherein nano-silver is added into the compost, and the nitrogen transfer conversion is carried out by the activity of microorganisms, so that the nitrogen loss changes due to the influence of the nano-silver on the activity, abundance and diversity of the microorganisms, and the nitrogen transfer conversion is influenced. According to the invention, the antibacterial property of the nano-silver is utilized to inhibit the activity of related microorganisms causing nitrogen reduction, so that the nitrogen transfer and transformation causing nitrogen reduction are also inhibited; simultaneously activates the activity of the microorganism which leads to the reduction of the nitrogen loss, thereby enhancing the nitrogen transfer and transformation activity which leads to the reduction of the nitrogen loss, reducing the loss of the nitrogen in the composting process, and having the advantages of high treatment efficiency, good treatment effect, simple treatment process, convenient operation and the like.
(2) The invention provides a method for reducing nitrogen loss in a composting process by utilizing a nano-silver solution, wherein nano-silver is wrapped by polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the composting environment has high-value background electrolyte and high ionic strength; if the nano silver is adopted, the agglomeration phenomenon is easy to occur. The nano silver coated by polyvinylpyrrolidone can be kept stable in a composting environment and does not agglomerate.
drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 1 shows the detection of nano-silver in example 1 of the present invention; wherein, the graph A is an ultraviolet absorption spectrum graph, and the graph B is a particle size distribution graph; FIG. C is a transmission electron micrograph; panel D is a spectrum analysis chart.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the time-dependent trend of the total nitrogen content in the composting process in example 2, wherein the concentrations of nano-silver are 2mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg, respectively.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the time-dependent trend of total nitrogen loss during composting with nanosilver concentrations of 2mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg, respectively, in example 2.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the time-dependent trend of inorganic nitrogen in the composting process of example 2 in which the nano-silver concentration is 2mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg, respectively.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments of the description, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
Examples
the materials and equipment used in the following examples are commercially available.
example 1
A method for reducing nitrogen loss in a composting process by utilizing a nano-silver solution comprises the following steps:
(1) The preparation method of the nano silver comprises the following steps:
1.1A 300ml solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone having a mass concentration of 1% was prepared, and the solution was placed in an ice bath environment and magnetically stirred.
1.2A mixed solution was obtained by adding NaBH4 to a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution so that the concentration of NaBH4 in the mixed solution was 2.5X 10-3M.
1.3 100ml of AgNO3 solution with the concentration of 5X 10-3M is added into the mixed solution drop by drop (1 drop/second) and is magnetically stirred for 1 hour to obtain the nano-silver.
The prepared nano silver is subjected to ultraviolet absorption spectrum measurement, dynamic particle size measurement, projection electron microscope scanning and energy spectrum analysis, and the result is shown in figure 1.
As can be seen in fig. 1A: an absorption peak appears near the wavelength of 400nm, which indicates that polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated nano-silver-grade particles are successfully synthesized; as can be seen in fig. 1B: the average particle size of the nano silver particles is about 8.5 nm; as can be seen in fig. 1C: the nano silver particles are uniformly distributed in a spherical shape, and the average particle size is about 6 nm; as can be seen in fig. 1D: the black particles in fig. 1C are nano silver particles, further demonstrating that the present invention successfully synthesizes nano silver.
Example 2
A method for reducing nitrogen loss in a composting process by utilizing a nano-silver solution comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing compost raw materials:
1.1 preparing straw stalk, sludge, vegetable leaves and bran respectively:
Straw stalk: is taken from suburbs of Changsha city, Hunan province, and is cut into lengths of 10 to 20mm after being air-dried.
Sludge: is taken from a sewage treatment plant at the Yuenu area of Changsha city, south province, is dried in air and ground to pass through a 100-mesh sieve.
vegetable leaf: is prepared from vegetable market near Hunan university of Changsha, Hunan, province, by air drying and cutting into 10-20 mm length.
Bran: and (5) air drying.
The physicochemical parameters of the compost raw materials were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: physical and chemical parameters of compost raw material
| Raw materials | water content (%) | Total organic carbon (g/kg) | Total nitrogen (g/kg) | Carbon to nitrogen ratio | pH |
| Sludge treatment | 9.48 | 178.9 | 24.2 | 7.4 | 6.74 |
| Straw stalk | 10.35 | 488.9 | 10.3 | 47.5 | -a |
| Vegetable product | 94.84 | 446.4 | 19.6 | 22.8 | -a |
| Bran | 14.62 | 528.2 | 25.1 | 21.0 | -a |
a parameters not determined
1.2, mixing the straw stalk, the sludge, the vegetable leaves and the bran according to the mass ratio of 36: 22: 5 to obtain a composting raw material.
(2) the nano silver of example 1 was taken to prepare a nano silver solution.
(3) equally dividing the composting raw material in the step (1) into three parts, placing the three parts into 3 different composting containers (the outer layers of the composting containers are wrapped by preservative films), respectively adding nano-silver solutions to enable the concentration of nano-silver in the compost to be 2mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg, uniformly mixing, and meanwhile, setting a blank control group.
(4) 5 small holes are left on the cover of the compost container to allow the outside air to enter; adjusting the initial water content and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost to about 65 percent and 25: 1 respectively; to ensure sufficient oxygen supply, the compost is turned once a day two weeks before composting and once a week after composting. The composting process lasted 60 days.
The total nitrogen content, the total nitrogen loss and the inorganic nitrogen content of the compost with the added nano-silver concentrations of 2mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg are respectively considered within 60 days of composting.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of total nitrogen content with time in the blank control group (the blank group is not added with the nano-silver solution) and the composting process with nano-silver concentrations of 2mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the total nitrogen content in the stack with the nano-silver concentration of 10mg/kg is the highest.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the trend of total nitrogen loss with time in the blank control group and the composting process with nano-silver concentrations of 2mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg, respectively. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the nitrogen loss was the least in the compost in which the nanosilver concentration was 10mg/kg at the end of composting, indicating that the effect of reducing the nitrogen loss during composting was the best in the case of nanosilver concentration of 10 mg/kg.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the time-dependent trend of inorganic nitrogen in the blank control group and the composting process with nano-silver concentrations of 2mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg, respectively. As can be seen from FIG. 4, at the end of composting, the inorganic nitrogen content in the compost with the nano-silver concentration of 10mg/kg is the highest, which indicates that the fertilizer efficiency of the compost product is the highest when the nano-silver concentration is 10 mg/kg.
therefore, the treatment efficiency of reducing nitrogen loss in the composting process by using the nano-silver is high, the effect of reducing nitrogen loss is best when the concentration of the nano-silver is 10mg/kg, and the fertilizer efficiency of the composting product can be improved to the greatest extent.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or equivalent modifications, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for reducing nitrogen loss in a composting process by using a nano-silver solution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, adding the nano-silver solution into the compost raw material to obtain a compost body; the nano silver in the nano silver solution is nano silver particles coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone; the concentration of the nano silver in the stack body is 10 mg/kg; the compost raw materials comprise straw stalks, sludge, vegetable leaves and bran; the mass ratio of the straw stalks, the sludge, the vegetable leaves and the bran is 36: 22: 5;
S2, placing the compost body in a compost container with an outer layer wrapped with a heat preservation film for indoor composting; the cover of the compost container is provided with 5 through holes; the indoor composting process lasts 60 days; turning the piles once every day in the first two weeks and then turning the piles once every week; the water content of the pile body is 60-65%; the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25: 1-30: 1.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated nanosilver particles are prepared using the following method:
S1-1, placing the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution in an ice bath environment and carrying out magnetic stirring;
S1-2, adding NaBH4 into the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution to obtain a mixed solution;
S1-3, dropwise adding the AgNO3 solution into the mixed solution, and magnetically stirring for 0.5-1 h.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the mass concentration of the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution is 1% to 1.5%, and the content of NaBH4 in the mixed solution is 2.0 x 10 "3M to 2.5 x 10" 3M; the concentration of the AgNO3 solution is 4.5X 10-3M-5X 10-3M.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the rice straw is air-dried rice straw 10mm to 20mm long; the sludge is obtained by grinding air-dried sludge and sieving the ground sludge with a 100-mesh sieve; the vegetables are air-dried vegetables with the length of 10 mm-20 mm; the bran is air-dried bran.
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