CN106747556A - 一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106747556A
CN106747556A CN201611043879.3A CN201611043879A CN106747556A CN 106747556 A CN106747556 A CN 106747556A CN 201611043879 A CN201611043879 A CN 201611043879A CN 106747556 A CN106747556 A CN 106747556A
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顾华志
付绿平
黄奥
张美杰
罗志安
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Wuhan University of Science and Engineering WUSE
Wuhan University of Science and Technology WHUST
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。其技术方案是:以30~65wt%的工业氧化铝微粉、30~60wt%的α‑Al2O3微粉和1~15wt%的混合纳米粉体为原料,外加所述原料30~70wt%的水,用球磨机湿磨0.25~2小时;再将湿磨后的料浆置于模具中,于室温条件下放置12~24小时,脱模;然后在110~200℃条件下干燥12~36小时,在1700~1900℃条件下保温1~8小时,即得纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料。本发明所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料具有显气孔率低、含大量纳米级晶内闭口气孔、热导率较低和抗熔渣侵蚀能力强的特点。

Description

一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料技术领域。具体涉及一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着炉外精炼技术的快速发展,钢包在冶金过程中担任着越来越重要的角色,钢包工作层耐火材料的服役条件也更加苛刻。近年来,国内外对钢包工作层耐火材料进行了大量的研究,耐火材料性能有较大提升。然而,目前所使用的钢包工作层耐火材料存在消耗量大、能耗高的问题,因而,需进一步提升钢包工作层耐火材料的品质及性能。因此,现代钢铁冶金行业所需要的是既具有优异的机械强度、抗热剥落和冲刷性能及抗渣性能,又具有较好的隔热保温性能的多功能高品质耐火材料。
工作层耐火材料轻量化被认为是有可能实现耐火材料具有高品质、多功能的有效途径。第一,隔热耐火材料越靠近工作面,其隔热节能效果越好,工作衬耐火材料轻量化能有效降低热工炉窑热量散失;第二,由于轻量耐火材料中具有较多的气孔,在温度剧变时能够有效容纳热应力,提升材料抗热剥落性能;最后,当所制备的轻量耐火材料气孔尺寸较小时,对耐火材料的抗渣性能及机械强度影响不大,甚至可能有所提升。因此,热工炉窑工作衬轻量化是耐火材料的一个重要研究方向。
近年来,世界各地开展了许多关于轻量骨料及其相应的工作衬用轻量耐火材料的研究,并报道了许多制备轻量耐火骨料的方法,例如有机物分解法,原位成孔技术及氢氧化物/碳酸盐分解法等。然而采用上述制备方法所制备的耐火骨料通常显气孔率较高、孔径较大,使用过程中无法抵御熔渣及高温介质的侵蚀与渗透。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术缺陷,任务是提供一种显气孔率低、含大量纳米级晶内闭口气孔、热导率较低和抗熔渣侵蚀能力强的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。
为实现上述任务,本发明所采用的技术方案是:以30~65wt%的工业氧化铝微粉、30~60wt%的α-Al2O3微粉和1~15wt%的混合纳米粉体为原料,外加所述原料30~70wt%的水,用球磨机湿磨0.25~2小时;再将湿磨后的料浆置于模具中,于室温条件下放置12~24小时,脱模;然后在110~200℃条件下干燥12~36小时,在1700~1900℃条件下保温1~8小时,即得纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料。
所述工业氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量>97wt%,粒径D50为2~8μm。
所述α-Al2O3微粉的Al2O3含量>99wt%,粒径D50为1~5μm。
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化铝粉体、纳米氧化镁粉体、纳米氧化钙粉体、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛粉体和纳米氧化锆粉体中的两种以上,平均粒径为10~50nm。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下积极效果:
(1)本发明引入混合纳米粉体,能使不同纳米粒子在不同温度范围内分阶段发挥高温超塑性,使得晶界在烧结的各个阶段均能快速扩散,将孔隙封闭在其中,形成大量闭口气孔。
(2)本发明在热处理过程中,混合纳米粉体中的各组分能够相互视为第二相,抑制在热处理过程中纳米材料的晶粒长大,解决了纳米粒子在热处理过程中易失去高温超塑性的问题。
(3)本发明引入的纳米粉体具有较大的表面扩散率和表面能,能够减少闭口气孔的分割封闭时间,使得闭口气孔被快速分割成大量更微小的纳米级的气孔,最终达到制备纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料的目的。
本发明所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为2.9~3.3g/cm3,显气孔率为2~10%,平均孔径为100~400nm。
因此,本发明所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料具有显气孔率低、含大量纳米级晶内闭口气孔、热导率较低和抗熔渣侵蚀能力强的特点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述,并非对保护范围的限制。
为避免重复,先将本具体实施方式所涉及的原料统一描述如下,实施例中不再赘述:
所述工业氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量>97wt%,粒径D50为2~8μm。
所述α-Al2O3微粉的Al2O3含量>99wt%,粒径D50为1~5μm。
所述混合纳米粉体平均粒径为10~50nm。
实施例1
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。以30~50wt%的工业氧化铝微粉、45~60wt%的α-Al2O3微粉和1~10wt%的混合纳米粉体为原料,外加所述原料30~50wt%的水,用球磨机湿磨1~2小时;再将湿磨后的料浆置于模具中,于室温条件下放置12~18小时,脱模;然后在110~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,在1700~1800℃条件下保温4~8小时,即得纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料。
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化铝粉体和纳米氧化镁粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为3.15~3.3g/cm3,显气孔率为2~5%,平均孔径为100~300nm。
实施例2
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。除混合纳米粉体外其余同实施例1:
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化镁粉体、纳米氧化钙粉体、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛粉体和纳米氧化锆粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为3.1~3.25g/cm3,显气孔率为3~6%,平均孔径为150~300nm。
实施例3
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。以30~50wt%的工业氧化铝微粉、45~60wt%的α-Al2O3微粉和1~10wt%的混合纳米粉体为原料,外加所述原料50~70wt%的水,用球磨机湿磨0.25~1.5小时;再将湿磨后的料浆置于模具中,于室温条件下放置18~24小时,脱模;然后在110~200℃条件下干燥24~36小时,在1800~1900℃条件下保温1~5小时,即得纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料。
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化镁粉体和纳米氧化钙粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为3.1~3.2g/cm3,显气孔率为2~7%,平均孔径为100~300nm。
实施例4
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。除混合纳米粉体外其余同实施例3:
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化铝粉体、纳米氧化钙粉体、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛粉体和纳米氧化锆粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为3.15~3.25g/cm3,显气孔率为2~6%,平均孔径为100~300nm。
实施例5
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。以30~50wt%的工业氧化铝微粉、45~60wt%的α-Al2O3微粉和5~15wt%的混合纳米粉体为原料,外加所述原料30~50wt%的水,用球磨机湿磨1~2小时;再将湿磨后的料浆置于模具中,于室温条件下放置12~18小时,脱模;然后在110~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,在1700~1800℃条件下保温4~8小时,即得纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料。
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化钙粉体和纳米二氧化硅的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为3.05~3.25g/cm3,显气孔率为4~7%,平均孔径为150~350nm。
实施例6
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。除混合纳米粉体外其余同实施例5:
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化铝粉体、纳米氧化镁粉体、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛粉体和纳米氧化锆粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为3.1~3.2g/cm3,显气孔率为3~6%,平均孔径为150~350nm。
实施例7
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。以30~50wt%的工业氧化铝微粉、45~60wt%的α-Al2O3微粉和5~15wt%的混合纳米粉体为原料,外加所述原料50~70wt%的水,用球磨机湿磨0.25~1.5小时;再将湿磨后的料浆置于模具中,于室温条件下放置18~24小时,脱模;然后在110~200℃条件下干燥24~36小时,在1800~1900℃条件下保温1~5小时,即得纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料。
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为3.0~3.2g/cm3,显气孔率为3~8%,平均孔径为200~300nm。
实施例8
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。除混合纳米粉体外其余同实施例7:
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化铝粉体、纳米氧化镁粉体、纳米氧化钙粉体、纳米二氧化硅和纳米氧化锆粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为3.05~3.2g/cm3,显气孔率为4~7%,平均孔径为200~350nm。
实施例9
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。以45~65wt%的工业氧化铝微粉、30~45wt%的α-Al2O3微粉和1~10wt%的混合纳米粉体为原料,外加所述原料30~50wt%的水,用球磨机湿磨1~2小时;再将湿磨后的料浆置于模具中,于室温条件下放置12~18小时,脱模;然后在110~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,在1700~1800℃条件下保温4~8小时,即得纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料。
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米二氧化钛粉体和纳米氧化锆粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为3.0~3.1g/cm3,显气孔率为5~9%,平均孔径为200~350nm。
实施例10
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。除混合纳米粉体外其余同实施例9:
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米纳米氧化钙粉体、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛粉体和纳米氧化锆粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为3.05~3.15g/cm3,显气孔率为6~9%,平均孔径为250~350nm。
实施例11
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。以45~65wt%的工业氧化铝微粉、30~45wt%的α-Al2O3微粉和1~10wt%的混合纳米粉体为原料,外加所述原料50~70wt%的水,用球磨机湿磨0.25~1.5小时;再将湿磨后的料浆置于模具中,于室温条件下放置18~24小时,脱模;然后在110~200℃条件下干燥24~36小时,在1800~1900℃条件下保温1~5小时,即得纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料。
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化铝粉体、纳米氧化镁粉体和纳米氧化钙粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为3.0~3.15g/cm3,显气孔率为5~8%,平均孔径为200~300nm。
实施例12
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。除混合纳米粉体外其余同实施例11:
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化镁粉体、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛粉体和纳米氧化锆粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为2.95~3.1g/cm3,显气孔率为6~8%,平均孔径为200~350nm。
实施例13
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。以45~65wt%的工业氧化铝微粉、30~45wt%的α-Al2O3微粉和5~15wt%的混合纳米粉体为原料,外加所述原料30~50wt%的水,用球磨机湿磨1~2小时;再将湿磨后的料浆置于模具中,于室温条件下放置12~18小时,脱模;然后在110~200℃条件下干燥12~24小时,在1700~1800℃条件下保温4~8小时,即得纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料。
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛粉体和纳米氧化锆粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为2.9~3.05g/cm3,显气孔率为7~10%,平均孔径为300~400nm。
实施例14
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。除混合纳米粉体外其余同实施例13:
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化镁粉体、纳米氧化钙粉体、纳米二氧化钛粉体和纳米氧化锆粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为2.9~3.05g/cm3,显气孔率为6~10%,平均孔径为300~400nm。
实施例15
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。以45~65wt%的工业氧化铝微粉、30~45wt%的α-Al2O3微粉和5~15wt%的混合纳米粉体为原料,外加所述原料50~70wt%的水,用球磨机湿磨0.25~1.5小时;再将湿磨后的料浆置于模具中,于室温条件下放置18~24小时,脱模;然后在110~200℃条件下干燥24~36小时,在1800~1900℃条件下保温1~5小时,即得纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料。
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化铝粉体、纳米氧化镁粉体、纳米氧化钙粉体、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛粉体和纳米氧化锆粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为2.95~3.1g/cm3,显气孔率为6~10%,平均孔径为200~400nm。
实施例16
一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料及其制备方法。除混合纳米粉体外其余同实施例15:
所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化镁粉体、纳米氧化钙粉体、纳米二氧化硅和纳米二氧化钛粉体的混合物。
本实施例所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为2.9~3.1g/cm3,显气孔率为7~10%,平均孔径为250~350nm。
本具体实施方式与现有技术相比具有如下积极效果:
(1)本具体实施方式引入混合纳米粉体,能使不同纳米粒子在不同温度范围内分阶段发挥高温超塑性,使得晶界在烧结的各个阶段均能快速扩散,将孔隙封闭在其中,形成大量闭口气孔。
(2)本具体实施方式在热处理过程中,混合纳米粉体中的各组分能够相互视为第二相,抑制在热处理过程中纳米材料的晶粒长大,解决了纳米粒子在热处理过程中易失去高温超塑性的问题。
(3)本具体实施方式引入的纳米粉体具有较大的表面扩散率和表面能,能够减少闭口气孔的分割封闭时间,使得闭口气孔被快速分割成大量更微小的纳米级的气孔,最终达到制备纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料的目的。
本具体实施方式所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料经检测:体积密度为2.9~3.3g/cm3,显气孔率为2~10%,平均孔径为100~400nm。
因此,本具体实施方式所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料具有显气孔率低、含大量纳米级晶内闭口气孔、热导率较低和抗熔渣侵蚀能力强的特点。

Claims (5)

1.一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料的制备方法,其特征在于以30~65wt%的工业氧化铝微粉、30~60wt%的α-Al2O3微粉和1~15wt%的混合纳米粉体为原料,外加所述原料30~70wt%的水,用球磨机湿磨0.25~2小时;再将湿磨后的料浆置于模具中,于室温条件下放置12~24小时,脱模;然后在110~200℃条件下干燥12~36小时,在1700~1900℃条件下保温1~8小时,即得纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料的制备方法,其特征在于所述工业氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量>97wt%,粒径D50为2~8μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料的制备方法,其特征在于所述α-Al2O3微粉的Al2O3含量>99wt%,粒径D50为1~5μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料的制备方法,其特征在于所述混合纳米粉体为纳米氧化铝粉体、纳米氧化镁粉体、纳米氧化钙粉体、纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛粉体和纳米氧化锆粉体中的两种以上,平均粒径为10~50nm。
5.一种纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料,其特征在于所述的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料是根据权利要求书1~4项中任一项所述的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料的制备方法所制备的纳米闭孔轻量刚玉复相耐火骨料。
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