CN106745676B - Ecological multi-cathode urine treatment device and method - Google Patents
Ecological multi-cathode urine treatment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/005—Combined electrochemical biological processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/50—Processes
- C25B1/55—Photoelectrolysis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/005—Black water originating from toilets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower or fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/14—NH3-N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological multi-cathode urine treatment device and method, wherein the device comprises a three-chamber reactor, a urine storage tank, an ammonia absorption tank and a hydrogen storage tank, a peel electrode is arranged in an anode chamber, a sludge electrode is arranged in a cathode chamber, the two sludge electrodes are connected in parallel and then connected with the peel electrode, and a photovoltaic cell panel connected with the sludge electrode in series is arranged on a branch of each sludge electrode; air cathodes are covered in the side face of the cathode chamber which is not connected with the anode chamber, and all the air cathodes are connected in parallel and then connected with the peel electrode. The invention can not only remove COD in urine efficiently, but also recover resources such as ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen and the like, and the treatment method does not need additional energy input and secondary pollution, thus being a conceptual urine treatment device and method which are in line with environmental protection and sustainable development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of development of urine treatment reactors and water treatment, in particular to an ecological multi-cathode urine treatment device and method.
Background
Environmental protection and energy shortage are two major problems facing the world today. China is in and will be in the stage of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization processes for a long time, and the development of roughness and the irregular construction of a drainage system cause the wastewater treatment to be the bottleneck problem of environmental management in China.
In the conventional wastewater treatment process, wastewater treatment plants invest a large amount of energy to remove and recover the nutrient elements (nitrogen and phosphorus). Wherein the nitrogen-containing compounds are removed by conversion to inert nitrogen; phosphorus is mostly released from the system in the form of precipitates such as phosphate. However, about 80% of nitrogen, 50% of phosphorus and 10% of COD in the domestic sewage are urine derived from human beings, and the urine accounts for only 1% of the total volume of the domestic sewage. If the waste water treatment system can recycle the poor-quality energy sources and resources such as organic matters (COD), nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the domestic sewage, the waste water treatment load can be greatly reduced, the treatment cost can be reduced, the energy and resources can be recovered, and the system has great significance to environmental protection and energy sustainable development
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) and Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) are emerging bioelectrochemical technologies that can recover clean energy and resources while treating wastewater. In the technology, organic matters or electrons are degraded by using electrogenic bacteria (Exoelectrogen) loaded on the surface of an anode, the electrons are transferred to the anode through an electron mediator or a nano wire, the electrons generate electric energy through an external circuit, and the MECs can enable the cathode to generate hydrogen under the action of an external power supply. The technology has the characteristics of high pollution reduction efficiency, low energy consumption, no secondary pollution, clean energy recovery and the like, and accords with the concepts of environmental friendliness and sustainable development.
Patent CN201110029516.5 provides a method for removing nitrogen from urine by treating the urine with more than 10 times diluted by nitrifying microorganisms and then under the action of microorganisms in a denitrification reactor. The method is an energy-consuming purification method, the total amount of pollutants discharged into the sewage after being diluted in a large amount is increased, and no resource is recovered.
The patent CN201210128854.9 provides a method for obtaining a magnetic organic composite nano denitrification material under the action of an external magnetic field by adding special treated limonite, and the method only considers how to avoid secondary pollution of ammonia nitrogen and does not have good resource recovery. In the existing urine wastewater treatment technology, a mature technical scheme is not provided.
Patent CN201210131068.4 discloses a combined system of membrane bioreactor and sewage treatment device. The system solves the problems of high electric field treatment cost, microbial activity inhibition and sludge treatment in the existing process for controlling membrane pollution by using an additional electric field. However, the system uses metal building materials such as titanium wires and stainless steel as electrode materials, has the defects of high cost, easy corrosion and the like, and the cathode consumption agent required by the reactor increases the cost input.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device and a method which have low energy consumption and high efficiency and can recover resources such as ammonia nitrogen and the like by utilizing the advanced bioelectrochemical technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ecological multi-cathode urine treatment device and method, the device can not only remove COD in urine efficiently, but also recover resources such as ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen and the like, and the treatment method does not need additional energy input and secondary pollution, and is a conceptual urine treatment device and method which are in line with environmental protection and sustainable development.
An ecological multi-cathode urine treatment device comprises a three-chamber reactor, a urine storage tank, an ammonia gas absorption tank and a hydrogen storage tank, wherein the three-chamber reactor comprises an anode chamber positioned in the middle and cathode chambers positioned on two sides of the anode chamber, the anode chamber and the two cathode chambers are separated by a cation exchange membrane, the anode chamber is provided with an urine inlet and an urine outlet, and a gas outlet of the cathode chamber is sequentially connected with the ammonia gas absorption tank and the hydrogen storage tank;
a peel electrode is arranged in the anode chamber, a sludge electrode is arranged in the cathode chamber, the two sludge electrodes are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the peel electrode, and a photovoltaic cell panel connected in series with the sludge electrode is arranged on a branch of each sludge electrode;
air cathodes are covered on all the side faces of the cathode chamber, which are not connected with the anode chamber, anion exchange membranes are loaded on the inner sides of the air cathodes to be separated from the solution, and all the air cathodes are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the peel electrodes.
All air cathodes are connected in parallel with the sludge cathode, namely, an anode is arranged in the device, and all the cathodes are independent and are connected in parallel and then are connected with the anode.
And a photovoltaic cell panel is connected between the carbonized peel anode and the sludge cathode in series through a wire, so that extra voltage is provided for cathode hydrogen production.
The reactor of the invention is sequentially provided with a left chamber, a middle chamber and a right chamber along the length direction, the left chamber, the right chamber and the middle chamber are separated by a cation membrane, all air cathodes are connected in parallel with sludge electrodes by leads, the air cathodes and the sludge electrodes are connected in parallel with peel electrodes under the condition of no illumination at night, and anode electrogenesis bacteria generate electrons by degrading COD and promote NH4 +The oxygen receives electrons transferred from the anode through the air cathode to generate OH-，OH-Diffusion to the cathode chamber and NH4 +Reaction to form NH3Gas overflow and recovery of NH via dilute acid solution3Preliminary pretreatment of urine; the carbonization peel anode and the activated sludge cathode are connected by a wire and are connected with a photovoltaic cell panel in series, under the illumination condition in the daytime, the photovoltaic cell panel generates voltage to accumulate the voltage generated during urine treatment, so that the urine is electrolyzed and hydrogen is separated out after the cathode chamber is treated, hydrogen is recovered through the hydrogen storage tank, and the urine after primary pretreatment is treated in an enhanced manner. The method achieves the aims of efficiently treating urine and recycling clean energy sources of hydrogen and ammonia nitrogen resources on the basis of no external energy consumption.
Preferably, the cathode chamber is covered with air cathodes on all sides not connected to the anode chamber, each air cathode being internally loaded with an anion exchange membrane. Further preferably, the cathode chamber has 6 faces, and an air cathode is provided on each of five faces not connected to the anode chamber.
Preferably, the peel electrode is prepared by the following method:
(1) cutting and forming the waste peel, and naturally drying for 20-30 h;
(2) drying the cut and air-dried pericarp for 0.5-2 h at 60-90 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere;
(3) and (3) carbonizing the peel under the nitrogen atmosphere at 800-1000 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere for later use after carbonization is finished.
Further preferably, it is prepared by the following method:
(1) cutting and molding the waste peel, and air-drying for 24 hours under natural conditions;
(2) cutting and air-drying the dried pericarp at 80 ℃ for 1h in a nitrogen atmosphere;
(3) and (3) carbonizing the peel at 900 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere, and naturally cooling to room temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere after carbonization is finished for later use.
Preferably, the waste pericarp includes watermelon peel, shaddock peel, straw, etc., and pericarp and agricultural waste that may not be an anode in the above range. Further preferably, the peel anode is carbonized shaddock peel, the raw material amount is large, the carbonized shaddock peel is in a spongy shape, the number of pores is large, good conductivity is achieved, and microorganism biofilm formation and electron derivation are facilitated.
Preferably, the sludge electrode is a carbonized sludge electrode and is prepared by the following method:
(1) drying the sludge in an oven at 40-60 ℃ for 1-3 h, and then mechanically crushing;
(2) sieving the crushed sludge with a 80-120-mesh sieve to remove large particles in the sludge;
(3) mixing the filtered sludge with hydrogen peroxide accounting for 5-20% of the mass of the sludge to prepare an initial electrode;
(4) and sintering the initial electrode in a nitrogen atmosphere, controlling the temperature to be 800-1200 ℃, continuing for 1-3 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature in the nitrogen atmosphere after heating.
Further preferably, the sludge electrode is prepared by the following method:
(1) mechanically crushing the sludge after drying for 2 hours in an oven at 50 ℃;
(2) filtering the crushed sludge by using a 100-mesh screen to remove large particles in the sludge;
(3) mixing the filtered sludge with hydrogen peroxide to prepare an initial electrode;
(4) sintering in nitrogen atmosphere, controlling the temperature at 1000 ℃, continuing for 2h, and naturally cooling to room temperature in nitrogen atmosphere after heating.
Preferably, the sludge includes surplus sludge, municipal sludge, agricultural waste, etc., and sludge, feces that may not be an anode in the above range. The electrode is further preferably an excess sludge electrode in a sewage plant, has the advantages of huge raw materials, complex sludge components, good conductivity and catalytic performance after carbonization, stable operation and no secondary pollution.
Preferably, the peel electrode and the sludge electrode are the original electrodes, the peel electrode has a high specific surface area and good conductivity, the electrogenesis performance can be improved, meanwhile, the catalytic effects of heavy metals, active functional groups and the like in the sludge electrode improve the reduction performance of the cathode, and the peel electrode and the sludge electrode are cooperatively used and strongly combined to achieve the purpose of low-energy-consumption and high-efficiency urine wastewater treatment.
Preferably, the air cathode material is platinum-loaded carbon cloth, carbon paper or a self-prepared electrode. Further preferred is a self-prepared electrode which is pressed by a waterproof breathable white film, a catalytic black film and a stainless steel net and has lower manufacturing cost compared with platinum-loaded carbon cloth or carbon paper, and meanwhile, the three-dimensional structure can provide a large amount of oxygen reduction interfaces and reduce the loss of water through a cathode.
Preferably, the air cathode is prepared as follows:
(1) activated carbon, acetylene black and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were mixed in a ratio of 3: (3-4): (3-4) pressing the mixture on a stainless steel net to form a film with the thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm after mixing the mixture in a mass ratio;
(2) loading a catalyst such as Ag on the surface of the membrane obtained in the step (1) by a reduction method;
(3) sodium sulfate and PTFE according to the ratio of (3-4): (6-7) pressing the mixture on the electrode obtained in the step (2) after mixing in a mass ratio;
(4) and (3) treating the anion exchange membrane for 3min at 140 ℃ and 1780kPa, and directly hot-pressing the anion exchange membrane on the cathode prepared in the step (3).
The catalyst is Ag and the like, and the reduction method comprises the following steps: at 0.1M AgNO3In the solution, a silver electrode is used as an anode, one surface of the cathode obtained in the step (1) is used as a cathode, and electrolytic reduction is carried out at a voltage of 5-6V.
The application of an air cathode can solve the problem of increasing the technical treatment cost due to the use of a cathode consumption agent; however, the devices in the prior patents mostly only use one side of the air cathode, so that the cathode becomes the rate-limiting step of the system. The device in the invention adopts the parallel combination of the bidirectional multi-surface air cathodes, solves the problem that the device becomes the speed-limiting step of wastewater treatment and energy recovery due to the limited area, and has simple principle and great significance.
The volume ratio of the anode chamber to the cathode chamber (single) is 1: 0.2-1: 2.
The cathode chamber is provided with a gas outlet, the gas outlet is sequentially connected with an ammonia absorption tank and a hydrogen storage tank, when the mixed gas passes through the ammonia absorption tank, the ammonia is absorbed by absorption liquid in the absorption tank, and the hydrogen continues to enter the hydrogen storage tank for storage.
The invention also provides a method for treating urine by using the ecological multi-cathode urine treatment device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) inoculating bacterial liquid into the anode chamber, continuously feeding urine which is subjected to normal-temperature anaerobic fermentation for 8-12 days (preferably 10 days) into the anode chamber after successful biofilm formation, and filling electrolyte into the cathode chamber;
(2) under the condition of no illumination, the anode electrogenesis bacteria generate electrons by degrading COD and increasing NH4 +The oxygen receives electrons transferred from the anode through the air cathode to generate OH-，OH-Diffusion to the cathode chamber and NH4 +Reaction to form NH3Gas overflow and recovery of NH via dilute acid solution3(ii) a The preliminarily treated urine in the anode chamber is temporarily stored after being led out;
(3) starting the photovoltaic cell panel under the light condition to provide stable voltage, continuously feeding the urine subjected to primary treatment in the step (2) into the anode chamber again, degrading organic matters by the anode electrogenesis bacteria to obtain electrons, transmitting the electrons to the sludge cathode, providing voltage, and feeding H in electrolyte in the cathode chamber+Reduction of the obtained electrons to H2Leading out from the cathode chamber to a hydrogen storage tank;
(4) the urine thoroughly purified by the anode chamber is discharged by a drain pipe, and a part of the urine is used as electrolyte of the cathode chamber.
The urine purified by the method is directly used as the cathode electrolyte, and after the treatment is finished, the urine which is used as the electrolyte in the cathode chamber is discharged by a drain pipe.
Preferably, the voltage provided by the photovoltaic cell panel is 0.7-1.0V.
Preferably, the reactor is started at normal temperature (20-40 ℃) after the photovoltaic cell panel is started.
Preferably, the bacterial liquid consists of organic wastewater with COD concentration of 4000-6000 mg/L and the electrogenesis bacterial liquid in a volume ratio of (3-5): 1.
Further, the bacterial liquid consists of organic wastewater with COD concentration of 5000 mg/L and the electrogenesis bacterial liquid in a volume ratio of 1: 4.
The electrogenic bacteria used in the present invention are conventional electrogenic bacteria, such as Geobactaceae species and Shewanella species
Preferably, the urine inlet flow and the urine outlet flow of the anode chamber are 0.1-0.5 m3/(m3D), considering the COD removal efficiency and removal effect, more preferably 0.3m3/(m3·d)。
Further preferably, a device starting stage is added before the step (1), wherein M9 electrolyte is added to a cathode, bacterium liquid is inoculated to an anode chamber, the bacterium liquid consists of wastewater mixed liquid containing 5000 mg/L organic matters and electricity-generating bacterium liquid in a volume ratio of 1: 4, a photovoltaic cell panel is started, the reactor is started at the temperature of 30 ℃, and the starting time is about 1-7 days;
during the start-up phase, M9 electrolyte is used as the electrolyte in the cathode chamber, and the urine thoroughly purified by the method of the invention is used as the electrolyte in the cathode chamber in normal operation.
After the device runs stably, the urine is added at 0.3m3/(m3D) continuously feeding the flow rate of the anode chamber into the anode chamber twice in two periods of time, namely day and night, so that the microorganisms on the anode electrode obtain sufficient carbon source and COD is effectively degraded; the cathode chamber is periodically changed with electrolyte (i.e. treated urine) depending on pH. The anode electrode adopts a carbonized fruit peel electrode, and the fruit peel of the domestic garbage is used as a raw material, and the anode with high specific surface area, high conductivity and high biocompatibility is obtained through a series of treatments; the cathode electrode adopts residual sludge of a sewage plant, and an activated sludge cathode is obtained through a series of treatments, so that waste is changed into valuable.
The invention utilizes electroactive microorganisms loaded on the surface of an anode to degrade COD in organic wastewater to generate electrons, urine is continuously fed into an anode chamber at night without illumination, the completely treated urine is taken as electrolyte to be fed into a cathode chamber, and anode electrogenesis bacteria degrade COD to generate electrons and promote NH4 +The oxygen receives electrons transferred from the anode through the air cathode to generate OH-，OH-Diffusion to the cathode chamber and NH4 +Reaction to form NH3Gas overflows, and urine is subjected to primary pretreatment; under the condition of light in the daytime,the preliminarily processed urine is continuously sent into the anode chamber again, the air cathode continuously plays a role, electrons are led out through an external circuit to generate 0.3-0.6V voltage, the photovoltaic cell panel additionally provides 0.7-1.0V voltage under the illumination condition, and H obtained by electrolyzing the urine after the cathode chamber is completely processed is H2Further increase the alkalinity of the cathode chamber and more NH3Gas overflow and NH recovery by washing with dilute acid solution3，H2The urine is completely treated by recycling the hydrogen storage tank. The fully treated urine can be used as a catholyte.
The invention combines two emerging bioelectrochemical technologies of MFCs and MECs, utilizes the principles of ion diffusion and the like, obtains clean energy and precious resources while processing urine, and conforms to the concepts of environmental friendliness and sustainable development; more significant, the whole set of device has low investment cost, changes the solid wastes such as peel and excess sludge into valuables, achieves the effect of treating waste and pollution, and has innovation.
The invention adopts solid waste on the electrode material, and the anode material and the cathode material are respectively prepared from waste pericarp and excess sludge, thereby achieving the purpose of treating pollution by waste. In terms of treatment process, the coupling MECs and MFCs system is integrated in a three-chamber reactor, and resources NH are recovered while urine is treated3And clean energy H2。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
(1) the wall of the cathode chamber adopts an air cathode to realize O in the air2The material is a direct electron acceptor, and a cathode consumption agent is not needed, so that the cost investment is greatly reduced;
(2) a photovoltaic cell panel is connected in series between the carbonized peel anode and the carbonized sludge cathode, and under the sunlight condition, urine is treated to obtain H2；
(3) The anode material in the anode chamber and the cathode material in the cathode chamber respectively adopt carbonized fruit peel and excess sludge, so that the garbage treatment load is reduced, and the environmental problems of large excess sludge amount, difficult treatment and the like are solved;
(4) the device is coupled with MECs and MFCs systems, efficiently treats COD in urine, and recovers ammonia nitrogen and H2。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a reactor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cathode chamber of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection between the electrodes of the present invention.
1-hydrogen storage tank 2-ammonia gas absorption tank 3-cathode chamber
4-air cathode 5-sludge electrode 6-cation exchange membrane
7-peel electrode 8-photovoltaic cell panel 9-anode chamber
10-anode chamber outlet 11-anode chamber inlet 12-urine storage tank
13-anion exchange membrane 14-light source.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the ecological multi-cathode urine treatment device comprises a three-chamber reactor, a urine storage tank 12, an ammonia gas absorption tank 2 and a hydrogen storage tank 1, wherein the three-chamber reactor is a cuboid reactor, the interior of the three-chamber reactor is divided into three chambers along the length direction of the three-chamber reactor by a cation exchange membrane 6, the middle chamber is an anode chamber 9, and both sides of the anode chamber are cathode chambers 3.
The anode chamber is provided with a urine inlet 11 and a urine outlet 10, the urine inlet is connected with a urine storage tank 12, the urine storage tank is used for storing original urine, the cathode chambers on the two sides are provided with gas outlets, and the gas outlets are sequentially connected with an ammonia gas absorption tank 2 and a hydrogen storage tank 1.
A peel electrode 7 is arranged in the anode chamber; the cathode chamber is provided with an electrolyte inlet and a waste liquid outlet, a sludge electrode 5 is arranged in the cathode chamber, 5 sides of the cathode chamber, which are not connected with the anode chamber, are respectively provided with a round air cathode 4, the outer side of the air cathode is in contact with air, the inner side of the air cathode is loaded with an anion exchange membrane 13 to separate liquid in the cathode chamber, and the exploded view of the cathode chamber is shown in figure 2.
The connection mode between the peel electrode and the sludge electrode and between the peel electrode and the air cathode is as shown in fig. 3 (wherein the connection mode is not drawn according to the actual connection mode for the sake of clarity in the drawing in fig. 1, the connection mode is based on the connection mode in fig. 3), two sludge electrodes are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the peel electrode, a photovoltaic cell panel 8 is connected in series on a branch of each sludge electrode, 10 air cathodes are connected in parallel and also connected in parallel with the sludge electrodes and then connected in series with the peel electrode, namely the peel electrode is an anode, and the two sludge electrodes and ten air cathodes are independent from each other and connected in series with the peel electrode to form a.
The light source 14 provides illumination for the photovoltaic cell panel, and the light source 14 can be natural light or a light illuminator and other devices.
The peel electrode is prepared by the following method:
(1) cutting and forming the waste peel, and naturally drying for 20-30 h;
(2) drying the cut and air-dried pericarp for 0.5-2 h at 60-90 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere;
(3) and (3) carbonizing the peel under the nitrogen atmosphere at 800-1000 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere for later use after carbonization is finished.
This embodiment can preferably be prepared by the following method:
(1) cutting and molding the waste peel, and air-drying for 24 hours under natural conditions;
(2) cutting and air-drying the dried pericarp at 80 ℃ for 1h in a nitrogen atmosphere;
(3) and (3) carbonizing the peel at 900 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere, and naturally cooling to room temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere after carbonization is finished for later use.
The sludge electrode is a carbonized sludge electrode prepared by the following method:
(1) drying the sludge in an oven at 40-60 ℃ for 1-3 h, and then mechanically crushing;
(2) sieving the crushed sludge with a 80-120-mesh sieve to remove large particles in the sludge;
(3) mixing the filtered sludge with hydrogen peroxide accounting for 5-20% of the mass of the sludge to prepare an initial electrode;
(4) and sintering the initial electrode in a nitrogen atmosphere, controlling the temperature to be 800-1200 ℃, continuing for 1-3 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature in the nitrogen atmosphere after heating.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mechanically crushing the sludge after drying for 2 hours in an oven at 50 ℃;
(2) filtering the crushed sludge by using a 100-mesh screen to remove large particles in the sludge;
(3) mixing the filtered sludge with hydrogen peroxide to prepare an initial electrode;
(4) sintering in nitrogen atmosphere, controlling the temperature at 1000 ℃, continuing for 2h, and naturally cooling to room temperature in nitrogen atmosphere after heating.
The preparation method of the air cathode comprises the following steps:
(1) activated carbon, acetylene black and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were mixed in a ratio of 3: (3-4): (3-4) pressing the mixture on a stainless steel net to form a film with the thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm after mixing the mixture in a mass ratio;
(2) loading a catalyst such as Ag on the surface of the membrane obtained in the step (1) by a reduction method;
(3) sodium sulfate and PTFE according to the ratio of (3-4): (6-7) pressing the mixture on the electrode obtained in the step (2) after mixing in a mass ratio;
(4) and (3) treating the anion exchange membrane for 3min at 140 ℃ and 1780kPa, and directly hot-pressing the anion exchange membrane on the cathode prepared in the step (3).
The catalyst is Ag and the like, and the reduction method comprises the following steps: at 0.1M AgNO3In the solution, a silver electrode is used as an anode, one surface of the cathode obtained in the step (1) is used as a cathode, and electrolytic reduction is carried out at a voltage of 5-6V.
The processing process and principle are as follows:
the anode chamber film-hanging microorganism is electrogenesis bacteria, urine is continuously fed into the anode chamber at night under the condition of no light, the completely processed urine is fed into the cathode chamber as electrolyte, and the anode electrogenesis bacteria generate electrons and promote NH by degrading COD (chemical oxygen demand)4 +The oxygen receives electrons transferred from the anode through the air cathode to generate OH-，OH-Diffusion to the cathode chamber and NH4 +Reaction to form NH3The gas overflows and is absorbed by olefine acid, and urine is primarily treated; under the daytime illumination condition, the primarily treated urine is continuously sent into the anode chamber again, the air cathode continuously plays a role, electrons are led out through an external circuit to generate 0.3-0.6V voltage, and photovoltaic electricityThe pool plate additionally provides 0.7-1.0V voltage under the illumination condition, and the urine after complete treatment of the cathode chamber is electrolyzed to obtain H2Further increase the alkalinity of the cathode chamber and more NH3Gas overflow, washing with dilute acid solution and recovering NH3，H2The urine is completely treated by recycling the hydrogen storage tank. The fully treated urine can be used as a catholyte.
Example 1
0.3m for anode degradation chamber3/(m3D) inflow water with COD concentration of 12000 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen content of 4500 mg/L urine, cathode chamber inflow water is treated urine, the method controls voltage to be 0.7V, stable operation is carried out for 5 days, water samples are collected regularly to analyze COD degradation condition, hydrogen is collected to calculate hydrogen yield, and 5 batches of operation are carried out in the same method.
The result is that the COD effluent of the wastewater is reduced to 450-600 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen content is reduced to 60-75 mg/L, the hydrogen yield of each liter of urine is 8.20L-9.56L, and more than 2g of NH is recovered from each L urine4 +-N。
Example 2
0.3m for anode degradation chamber3/(m3D) urine with COD concentration of 11000 mg/L and ammonia nitrogen content of 5000 mg/L and urine treated in the cathode chamber, controlling the voltage to be 1.0V according to the method, stably running for 5 days, regularly collecting water samples to analyze COD degradation condition, collecting hydrogen to calculate hydrogen yield, and running for 5 batches by the same method.
The result is that the COD effluent of the wastewater is reduced to 300-500 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen content is reduced to 45-55 mg/L, the hydrogen output in per liter of domestic sewage treatment is 10.11L-10.46L, and more than 3g of NH is recovered from every L urine4 +-N。
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the relevant art can change or modify the present invention within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An ecological multi-cathode urine treatment device comprises a three-chamber reactor, a urine storage tank, an ammonia gas absorption tank and a hydrogen storage tank, wherein the three-chamber reactor comprises an anode chamber positioned in the middle and cathode chambers positioned on two sides of the anode chamber, the anode chamber and the two cathode chambers are separated by a cation exchange membrane, the anode chamber is provided with an urine inlet and an urine outlet, and a gas outlet of the cathode chamber is sequentially connected with the ammonia gas absorption tank and the hydrogen storage tank; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
a peel electrode is arranged in the anode chamber, a sludge electrode is arranged in the cathode chamber, the two sludge electrodes are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the peel electrode, and a photovoltaic cell panel connected in series with the sludge electrode is arranged on a branch of each sludge electrode;
air cathodes are covered on all the side surfaces of the cathode chamber which are not connected with the anode chamber, an anion exchange membrane is loaded on the inner side of each air cathode to be separated from the solution, and all the air cathodes are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the peel electrode;
the peel electrode is prepared by the following method:
(1) cutting and forming the waste peel, and naturally drying for 20-30 h;
(2) drying the cut and air-dried pericarp for 0.5-2 h at 60-90 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere;
(3) under the nitrogen atmosphere, controlling the temperature to be 800-1000 ℃, carbonizing the peel, and naturally cooling to room temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere for later use after carbonization is finished;
the sludge electrode is prepared by the following method:
(1) drying the sludge in an oven at 40-60 ℃ for 1-3 h, and then mechanically crushing;
(2) sieving the crushed sludge with a 80-120-mesh sieve to remove large particles in the sludge;
(3) mixing the filtered sludge with hydrogen peroxide to prepare an initial electrode;
(4) and sintering the initial electrode in a nitrogen atmosphere, controlling the temperature to be 800-1200 ℃, continuing for 1-3 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature in the nitrogen atmosphere after heating.
2. A method for treating urine using the ecological multi-cathode urine treatment device according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) inoculating a bacterium solution in the anode chamber, continuously feeding urine subjected to normal-temperature anaerobic fermentation for 8-12 days into the anode chamber after successful biofilm formation, and filling an electrolyte in the cathode chamber; the bacteria liquid is bacteria liquid of geobacter microorganisms (Geobacticeae microorganisms) and Shewanella microorganisms (Shewanella microorganisms);
(2) under the condition of no illumination, the anode electrogenesis bacteria generate electrons by degrading COD and increasing NH4 +The oxygen receives electrons transferred from the anode through the air cathode to generate OH-，OH-Diffusion to the cathode chamber and NH4 +Reaction to form NH3Gas overflow and recovery of NH via dilute acid solution3(ii) a The preliminarily treated urine in the anode chamber is temporarily stored after being led out;
(3) starting the photovoltaic cell panel under the light condition to provide stable voltage, continuously feeding the urine subjected to primary treatment in the step (2) into the anode chamber again, degrading organic matters by the anode electrogenesis bacteria to obtain electrons, transmitting the electrons to the sludge cathode, providing voltage, and feeding H in electrolyte in the cathode chamber+Reduction of the obtained electrons to H2Leading out from the cathode chamber to a hydrogen storage tank;
(4) the urine thoroughly purified by the anode chamber is discharged by a drain pipe, and a part of the urine is used as electrolyte of the cathode chamber.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the voltage provided by the photovoltaic cell panel is 0.7-1.0V.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the raw urine is introduced into and discharged from the anode chamber at a rate of 0.1 to 0.5m3/(m3·d)。
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the electrogenic bacteria liquid comprises the electrogenic bacteria liquid and organic wastewater with COD concentration of 4000-6000 mg/L in a volume ratio of 1 (3-5).
6. The method of claim 2, wherein a device start-up phase is added between step (1): adding M9 electrolyte into the cathode, inoculating bacterial liquid into the anode chamber, starting the photovoltaic cell panel, and starting the reactor at 30 ℃ for 1-7 days.
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| CN104220644A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2014-12-17 | 马赫内托特殊阳极有限公司 | Method for nitrogen recovery from an ammonium comprising fluid and bio-electrochemical system |
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