CN106740459A - A kind of infrared ray anti-collision system for automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of infrared ray anti-collision system for automobile, including single-chip microcomputer and interface module, infrared transmitting circuit module, infrared receiving circuit module, range finding display circuit module, sound light alarming circuit module, power circuit block, the single-chip microcomputer and interface module are connected with infrared transmitting circuit module by printed circuit board, single-chip microcomputer and interface module are connected with infrared receiving circuit module by printed circuit board, single-chip microcomputer and interface module are connected with range finding display circuit module by printed circuit board, single-chip microcomputer and interface module are connected with sound light alarming circuit module by printed circuit board, single-chip microcomputer and interface module are connected with power circuit block by printed circuit board.

Description

A kind of infrared ray anti-collision system for automobile

Technical field

The present invention relates to auto-parts field, more particularly to a kind of infrared ray anti-collision system for automobile.

Background technology

With the lasting fast development of China's economic society, the quickening of urbanization reform, broad masses' purchase car is in great demand. By the end of the year 2015, the whole nation amounts to car ownership and reaches 1.73 hundred million.Cause the high-order growth of the magnitude of traffic flow.Automobile has turned into people The indispensable vehicles of going on a journey, but either highway or city, rural traffic section, its potential safety hazard is very Sternness, car crass traffic accident happens occasionally, and gives people lives and properties and brings about great losses.The a large amount of traffic things of comprehensive analysis Therefore, as a result show that caused accident accounts for more than 80% not in time because of driver's reaction.Rule of thumb, if driver has 0.5 second to carry Show time of fire alarming, about 60% rear-end collision can be what is avoided, and alarm in 1 second in advance can then avoid 90% thing that knocks into the back Therefore.Therefore, be the generation that reduces traffic accident, to automobile install can probe vehicle spacing automatically, when less than safe distance Sending the anticollision device, collision-prevention device of alarm has realistic meaning and economic worth, can be prevented effectively from the generation of traffic accident.At present, in the world on Anti-collision device for automobile technology research oneself through have more than 20 years study also achieve surprising achievement.But existing anti-collision technique is deposited Cost of manufacture it is high, apart from detection error is big, poor work stability and the problems such as maloperation；

In recent years, with expanding economy and the progress of society, the traffic capacity and traffic administration ability of road are obtained very It is big to improve, but be also difficult to meet auto manufacturing and merchandising business is advanced by leaps and bounds the demand of development, overtake other vehicles along with driving, go out car and open Small difference, mistake estimate the subjective principle such as spacing, the traffic accident of mutual collision is occurred again and again.The safety issue of traffic oneself Social problems through being badly in need of solving as automobile manufacturing enterprise, automobile consumer and national governments.The solution of these problems The focus of new research and application is triggered.The essential measure for solving this problem is to install energy automatically to the automobile in traveling Tracking range finding, can send sound and light alarm when less than safe distance；Enable a driver to the device of safe driving automobile.With electricity The development of sub- technology, successively occurs in that laser ranging, microwave radar range, ultrasonic ranging and infrared distance measuring, but preceding several There is precision low；It is expensive, it is difficult to promote, and infrared ray is used as a kind of special light wave, it is relative with ranging technology difficulty Less, the range-measurement system of composition is with low cost, stable performance, thus is easy to promote, accordingly, it would be desirable to design a based on infrared survey Strong, cheap, the popular anti-collision device for automobile of environmental suitability away from technology, to meet the market demand.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of infrared ray anti-collision system for automobile, for detecting and showing car and barrier automatically Distance；When less than set safe distance when apart from when, automatic sound-light alarm；Human pilot safe driving automobile is set to note Meaning brake.

The present invention is for the solution technical scheme that is used of its technical problem,

A kind of infrared ray anti-collision system for automobile, including it is single-chip microcomputer and interface module, infrared transmitting circuit module, infrared Receiving circuit module, range finding display circuit module, sound light alarming circuit module, power circuit block, the single-chip microcomputer and interface Circuit module is connected with infrared transmitting circuit module by printed circuit board, and single-chip microcomputer and interface module are electric with infrared receiver Road module is connected by printed circuit board, and single-chip microcomputer and interface module lead to the logical printed circuit board of range finding display circuit module News connection, single-chip microcomputer and interface module be connected with sound light alarming circuit module by printed circuit board, single-chip microcomputer and interface Circuit module is connected with power circuit block by printed circuit board；

Further, the range finding display circuit module include decoding circuit with can Dynamic Announce car and barrier spacing From display；

Further, the sound light alarming circuit module includes drive circuit, buzzer and light emitting diode；

Further, the power circuit block includes transforming circuit, rectification circuit, filter circuit and mu balanced circuit；

It is an advantage of the current invention that

This kind of infrared ray anti-collision system for automobile is controlled to core with single-chip microcomputer and interface circuit, by controlling, launching, receive, The partial circuits such as display, sound and light alarm are constituted, and detect and show the distance of car and barrier automatically；When less than set safety away from From when, automatic sound-light alarm；Human pilot safe driving automobile is set to note brake；With low cost, small volume is low in energy consumption, It is easy to spread, meet the market demand.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of infrared ray anti-collision system for automobile proposed by the present invention.

Fig. 2 is STC12C5A60S2 single-chip microcomputers pinouts proposed by the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the workflow diagram of infrared ray anti-collision system for automobile proposed by the present invention.

Fig. 4 is infrared transmitting circuit schematic diagram proposed by the present invention.

Fig. 5 is infrared receiving circuit schematic diagram proposed by the present invention.

Fig. 6 is LED display circuit schematic diagram proposed by the present invention.

Fig. 7 is sound light alarming circuit schematic diagram proposed by the present invention.

Fig. 8 is power circuit schematic diagram proposed by the present invention.

Specific embodiment

In order that technological means, creation characteristic, reached purpose and effect that the present invention is realized are easy to understand, tie below Diagram and specific embodiment are closed, the present invention is expanded on further.

It is as shown in figure 1, infrared ray anti-collision system for automobile proposed by the present invention including single-chip microcomputer and interface module, red Emission circuit module, infrared receiving circuit module, range finding display circuit module, sound light alarming circuit module, power circuit mould Block, the single-chip microcomputer and interface module are connected with infrared transmitting circuit module by printed circuit board, single-chip microcomputer and interface Circuit module is connected with infrared receiving circuit module by printed circuit board, and single-chip microcomputer and interface module are electric with range finding display Road module is connected by printed circuit board, and single-chip microcomputer and interface module pass through printed circuit board with sound light alarming circuit module Connection, single-chip microcomputer and interface module are connected with power circuit block by printed circuit board；When operating, infrared emitting Device launches the infrared signal that frequency is 40kHz, reaches barrier back reflection and returns, and infrared receiving circuit module is received instead Signal is penetrated, single-chip microcomputer and interface module are input to after amplified shaping, measured transmitted wave through single-chip microcomputer and receive reflection The time difference t of ripple, can calculate apart from (in formula according to formula s=ct/2：S --- away from obstacle distance；C --- in air The light velocity；T --- transmitted wave and the time difference for receiving back wave), single-chip microcomputer goes command range display circuit to show calculating again Go out away from obstacle distance.When the safe distance for setting is equal to away from obstacle distance, Single-chip Controlling sound and light alarm；Make driving Personnel can safe driving automobile note brake；

In 51 numerous series monolithics, the IT enhancing series that calculate domestic STC Corporation is more competitive, because of him not But with 8051 instruction, pin it is completely compatible, and in its piece with Large Copacity program storage and be FLASH techniques, such as STC12C5A60S2 single-chip microcomputers inside just carries up to 60KFLASHROM, and the memory user of this technique can be with the side of electricity consumption The erasing of formula moment, rewriting.And STC series monolithics support serial ports program burn writing.It is clear that this single-chip microcomputer sets to exploitation Standby requirement is very low, and the development time also greatly shortens.Program in write-in single-chip microcomputer can also be encrypted, and this is protected well again Your fruit of labour is protected；

Fig. 2 is STC12C5A60S2 single-chip microcomputer pinouts；

As shown in Fig. 2 STC12C5A60S2/AD/PWM series monolithics are the single clock/machine weeks of macrocrystalline science and technology production The single-chip microcomputer of phase (1T), is high speed/low-power consumption/superpower jamproof 8051 single-chip microcomputer of new generation, the completely compatible biography of instruction code System 8051, but fast 8-12 times of speed.It is internally integrated MAX810 Special reset circuits, 2 road PWM, 8 road 10-bit high speed A/D conversions (250K/S), for motor control, strong jamming occasion.

1. enhanced 8051CPU, IT, single clock/machine cycle, instruction code completely compatible traditional 8051；

2. operating voltage：STC12C5A60S2 series of tasks voltages：5.5V-3.3V (5V single-chip microcomputers) STC12LE5A60S2 Series of tasks voltage:3.6V-2.2V (3V single-chip microcomputers)；

3. operating frequency range：0-35MHz, 0~420MHz equivalent to common 8051；

4. user application space 8K/16K/20K/32K/40K/48K/52K/60K/62K bytes；

5. piece upper integrated 1280 byte RAM；

6. universaling I/O port (36/40/44), be after reset:Quasi-bidirectional interface/weak pull-up (common 8051 I/O mouthfuls of tradition), Can be set to four kinds of patterns：Quasi-bidirectional interface/weak pull-up, recommends/strong pull-up, only input/high resistant, open-drain, each I/O mouthfuls of driving Ability can reach 20mA, but whole chip maximum does not exceed 55mA；

7.ISP (in-system programmable components)/IAP (programmable in application), without Special programming, can without dedicated emulated device User program is directly downloaded by serial ports (P3.0/P3.1), the several seconds can complete a piece of；

8. there are EEPROM functions (STC12C5A62S2/AD/PWM is without internal EEPROM)；

9. house dog；

10. (during below external crystal 12M, resetting pin can be arrived directly 1K resistance to be internally integrated MAX810 Special resets circuit Ground)；

11. outside power-fail detection circuits:There is a low voltage threshold comparator at P4.6 mouthfuls, 5V single-chip microcomputers are 1.32V, error For +/- 5%, 3.3V single-chip microcomputers are 1.30V, error is +/- 3%；

12. clock sources：Outside high-precision crystal/clock, internal R/C oscillators (temperature drift be +/- 5% to +/- 10% with It is interior) 1 user download user program when, may be selected use inside R/C oscillators or external crystal/clock, it is interior under normal temperature Portion's R/C oscillator frequencies are：5.0V single-chip microcomputers are：11MHz~15.5MHz；3.3V single-chip microcomputers are：8MHz~12MHz, precision will When asking not high, may be selected to use internal clocking, but because having foozle and temperature drift, be defined by actual test；

13. two timer/counters compatible with traditional 8051 of totally 4 16 bit timing devices, 16 bit timing device T0 and T1, There is no timer 2, but there is independent Baud rate generator to make the Baud rate generator of serial communication along with 2 road PCA modules can be again Realize 2 16 bit timing devices；

14.2 clock delivery outlets, can export clock by the spilling of T0 in P3.4/T0, can be by the spilling of T1 in P3.5/T1 Output clock；

15. external interrupt I/O mouthfuls of 7 tunnels, traditional trailing edge is interrupted or low level triggering is interrupted, and newly-increased support rising edge The PCA modules of interruption, Power Down patterns can be by external interrupt wakeup, INT0/P3.2, INT1/P3.3, T0/P3.4, T1/ P3.5, RxD/P3.0, CCP0/P1.3 (can be also set to P4.2) by register, and CCP1/P1.4 (can also be set by register Put P4.3)；

16.PWM (2 tunnel)/PCA (programmable counter array, 2 tunnels):；

-- also can be used to be used as 2 road D/A

-- also can be used to realize 2 timers again

-- also can be used to realize 2 external interrupts again (rising edge interruption/trailing edge is interrupted and can separately or concurrently supported)； 17.A/D is changed, 10 Precision A/D C, totally 8 tunnel, and conversion speed is different up to 250K/S (each second 250,000 times) 18. general full duplexs Step serial port (UART), because STC12 series is the 8051 of high speed, reusable timer or PCA softwares realize Multi-serial port；

19.STC12C5A60S2 series has double-serial port, after be embroidered with S2 mark just have double-serial port, RxD2/P1.2 (can pass through Register is set to P4.2), TxD2/P1.3 (can be set to P4.3) by register；

20. operating temperature ranges:- 40-+85 DEG C (technical grade)/0-75 DEG C (business level)

21. encapsulation：PDIP-40, LQFP-44, LQFP-48I/O mouthful not enough when, can be external with 2 to 3 common I/O mouth lines 74HC164/165/595 (can cascade) carrys out expansion I/O mouthful, and key scan can be also made of A/D to save I/O mouthful, or with pair CPU, three line construction, more than serial ports.

STC12C5A60S2 is 8051 series monolithics, has following characteristics compared with common 51 single-chip microcomputer：

1st, in the case of same crystal oscillator, speed is 8~12 times of common 51

2nd, there is 10,8 tunnel AD

3rd, many two timers, band PWM functions

4th, there is SPI interface

5th, there is EEPROM

6th, there is 1K internal extendeds RAM

7th, there is WATCH_DOG

8th, many serial ports

9th, I/O port can be defined, and have four kinds of states

10th, interrupt priority level has four kinds of state definables

Fold this section of pin function of editor

VCC：Supply voltage；

GND：Ground connection；

P0 mouthfuls：P0 mouthfuls is that 8 drains open circuit is two-way I/O mouthfuls, the absorbable 8TTL gate currents of each pin.When P1 mouthfuls When pin writes " 1 ", it is defined as high resistant input.P0 can be used in external program data storage, it can be defined as data/ The 8th of address.When FLASH is programmed, P0 mouthfuls as true form input port, when FLASH is verified, P0 output true form, this When P0 bulk potentials must be driven high；

P1 mouthfuls：P1 mouthfuls is that internal provide pull-up resistor 8 are two-way I/O mouthfuls, and P1 mouthfuls of buffer can receive output 4TTL gate currents.After P1 mouthfuls of pin write-in " 1 ", current potential is height by inside pull-up, can be used as input, and P1 mouthful by outside drop-down for low During level, by output current, this is due to the reason of internal pull-up.When FLASH is programmed and is verified, P1 mouthfuls used as the 8th ground Location receives；

P2 mouthfuls：P2 mouthfuls is one 8 of internal pull-up resistor two-way I/O mouthfuls, and P2 mouthfuls of buffer can be received, and export 4 TTL Gate current, when " 1 " is write for P2 mouthfuls, its pin current potential is drawn high by internal pull-up resistor, and as input.During as input, P2 The pin current potential of mouth is dragged down by outside, and by output current, this is due to the reason of internal pull-up.P2 mouthfuls is deposited when used for external program When reservoir or 16 bit address external data memories enter line access, the P2 mouthfuls of high eight-bit of OPADD.When address " 1 " is given, , using the internal advantage for pulling up, when being written and read to outside eight bit address data storage, P2 mouthfuls exports its specific function for it The content of register.P2 mouthfuls receives high eight-bit address signal and control signal when FLASH is programmed and is verified；

P3 mouthfuls：P3 mouthfuls of pin is 8 two-way I/O mouthfuls with internal pull-up resistor, can receive 4 TTL gate currents of output.When After P3 mouthfuls of write-in " 1 ", they are high level by inside pull-up, and as input.It is low electricity because outside is drop-down during as input Flat, P3 mouthfuls, by output current (ILL), is also due to the reason of pull-up；

P3 mouthfuls also can be used as some specific functions of AT89C51 mouthful：

P3.0RXD (serial input mouthful)

P3.1TXD (Serial output mouthful)

P3.2INT0 (external interrupt 0)

P3.3INT1 (external interrupt 1)

P3.4T0 (outside input of timer 0)

P3.5T1 (outside input of timer 1)

P3.6WR (external data memory write gate)

P3.7RD (external data memory read gate)

P3 mouthfuls is simultaneously that flicker programming and programming verification receive number control signal simultaneously；

RST:Reset input.When oscillator reset device, between keeping two height of machine cycle of RST pin usually； ALE/PROG：When external memory storage is accessed, the output level that address latch is allowed is used for the low byte of latch address. During FLASH is programmed, this pin is used to be input into programming pulse.Usually, ALE ends are believed with constant frequency cycle output positive pulse Number, this frequency is the 1/6 of oscillator frequency.Therefore it can be used as to the pulse of outside output or for timing purpose.But will It is to be noted that:Whenever as external data memory, an ALE pulse will be skipped.Such as want to forbid the output of ALE can be SFR8EH sets to 0 on address.Now, ALE is only performing MOVX, and ALE just works when MOVC is instructed.In addition, the pin is omited It is micro- to draw high.If microprocessor is forbidden in outside execution state ALE, set is invalid；

PSEN:The gating signal of external program memory.During location is taken by external program memory, each machine cycle PSEN is effective twice.But access inside portion data storage when, this twice effective PSEN signals will occur without；

EA/VPP:When EA keeps low level, external ROM is accessed；When noting cipher mode 1, internal lock is by EA RESET；When EA ends keep high level, internal ROM is accessed.During FLASH is programmed, this pin is also used for applying 12V programmings Power supply (VPP)；

XTAL1:The input and the input of internal clocking operating circuit of reverse monofier；

XTAL2:Carry out the output of self-reversal oscillator；

Based on the design of monolithic processor controlled redar anti-collision system for automobile software, from the point of view of function aspects, can To be divided into the software of the multiple module such as preset, transmitting, reception, display, sound and light alarm.In systems soft ware running, lead to Crossing main program carries out keying circulation, and according to the function of each module in fixed run time, orderly performing module instruction is called Data, finally according to the information of measurement, are carried out by preset subprogram, transmitting subprogram, inquire-receive subprogram, timing subprogram Treatment, reacts to driver, and according to specific circumstances, judge whether to send alarm on the display apparatus.The main journey of systems soft ware Sequence to system environments in the process of running, it is necessary to initialize, the mode of operation of adjustment timer then recalls biography first Sensor, carries out the transmitting and reception of infrared light, finally measures range information.Counter can use the crystal oscillator of 12MHz, so The time that counter often counts a number is 1ms, when main program judges ultrasound signal receipt success, it is possible to by calculating To ultrasonic propagation time, barrier to the distance of automobile is finally calculated；

The workflow diagram of infrared ray anti-collision system for automobile is illustrated in figure 3, its workflow is：

1) start；

2) single-chip microcomputer initialization；

3) infrared distance measuring subprogram activation；

4) measurement gained distance is A, and whether A is more than or equal to safe distance 30m, if so, infrared distance measuring subprogram activation； If it is not, then carrying out the sound and light alarm of next step；

Further, as shown in figure 4, the infrared transmitting circuit module can launch the square-wave pulse signal of 40kHz, system The programmed square-wave pulse signal by single-chip microcomputer P3.1 ports output 40kHz or so, due to one-chip machine port power output not enough, 40kHz square-wave pulse signals give one by 74HC04 hex inverter circuits, and in accompanying drawing, 74HC04 includes 6 phase inverters, in use 3 parallel connections, it is therefore an objective to make output current ability improve to make transmitting range remote enough, meet measurement distance requirement, finally send It is transmitted into air to infrared emission transducer DF；

Infrared receiving circuit module is illustrated in figure 5, infrared emission ripple is propagated in atmosphere, runs into barrier and have reflection Ripple is returned, and receiving portion is that the circuit module uses integrated circuit in order to back wave reception conversion is become into electric signal CX20106A.CX20106A is the special chip of a infrared ray detection reception, it is internal by preamplifier, limiting amplifier, Bandpass filter, wave detector, integrator and shaping circuit are constituted.The course of work is as follows：The echo-signal of reception first passes through preposition Amplifier and limiting amplifier, signal is adjusted to the rectangular pulse of suitable amplitude, and entering line frequency by wave filter selects, and filters dry Signal is disturbed, then it is shaped, give the pin of output end 7.When receiving the reflection wave signal that is consistent with CX20106 filter centre frequencies When, its pin of output end 7 just exports low level, and the pin of output end 7 is directly connected to P3.2 (INT0) pin of .STC12C5A60S2 On, to trigger interruption.If frequency there are some errors, the outer meeting resistance R of chip pin 5 is can adjust, by the centre frequency of wave filter It is arranged on 40kHz, so that it may reach preferable effect；It is demonstrated experimentally that the chip has sensitivity very high and stronger anti-interference Ability.

DJ is infrared remote receiver, when 40kHz square-wave signals are received, it will this signal is driven by CX20106A and is put 0 mouthful of the external interrupt of big feeding single-chip microcomputer.Single-chip microcomputer can be transferred to external interrupt 0 after the interrupt requests for obtaining external interrupt 0 Interrupt service routine is processed,

Further, as shown in fig. 6, it is described range finding display circuit module include decoding circuit with can Dynamic Announce car with barrier The distance signal of the display of distance between thing, single-chip microcomputer output is hindered to be shown by display through decoder for decoding.Movably State shows the distance of car and barrier, its circuit composition：Data output PC0~the PC7's and 74LS373 of STC12C5A60S2 Data input port D0~D7 connections, PC0~PC7 exports the binary-coded decimal of distance, after being latched through 74LS373, four Q4~Q7 warps high 74LS247 is decoded as corresponding code and shows tens by seven segment code display tube, and low four Q0~Q3 are decoded as phase through 74LS247 The code answered shows units by seven segment code display tube, therefore distance can be shown that two LED can by two laser-emitting diodes The distance value of display 0~99, when operating, RF transmitter launches the infrared signal that frequency is 40kHz, reaches obstacle Thing back reflection is returned, and infrared receiving circuit module receives reflected signal, and single-chip microcomputer and interface electricity are input to after amplified shaping Road module, measures transmitted wave and receives the time difference t of back wave through single-chip microcomputer, according to formula s=ct/2 can calculate away from From (in formula：S --- away from obstacle distance；C --- the light velocity in air；T --- transmitted wave and the time for receiving back wave Difference), single-chip microcomputer go again command range display circuit show calculate away from obstacle distance.

Further, warning circuit part line is illustrated in figure 7, the sound light alarming circuit module includes driving electricity Road, buzzer and light emitting diode, when the distance with barrier be equal to or less than set warning apart from when single-chip microcomputer send one Individual signal, by drive circuit, makes buzzer send alarm and makes lumination of light emitting diode, reaches the purpose of alarm.The portion Point a buzzer is used, the signal of certain frequency is exported, before buzzer is connected to, by triode 9 012 Drive；

Further, be illustrated in figure 8 power circuit block schematic diagram, the power circuit block include transforming circuit, Rectification circuit, filter circuit and mu balanced circuit, circuit operation principle：First, civil power 220V alternating currents are become into 12V by transformer Alternating current, then alternating current is changed into required direct current through single phase bridge type rectifier circu, after filtered circuit, 7805 steady again Depressor is changed into unstable DC voltage the direct current 5V voltage outputs of stabilization；

General principle of the invention, principal character and advantages of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry Personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification this The principle of invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, these changes Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appending claims and its Equivalent is defined.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of infrared ray anti-collision system for automobile, it is characterised in that：Including single-chip microcomputer and interface module, infrared transmitting circuit Module, infrared receiving circuit module, range finding display circuit module, sound light alarming circuit module, power circuit block, the monolithic Machine and interface module are connected with infrared transmitting circuit module by wireless telecommunications, single-chip microcomputer and interface module with it is infrared Receiving circuit module is connected by printed circuit board, and single-chip microcomputer and interface module pass through printing with range finding display circuit module Circuit board is connected, and single-chip microcomputer and interface module be connected with sound light alarming circuit module by printed circuit board, single-chip microcomputer and Interface module is connected with power circuit block by printed circuit board.

2. a kind of infrared anti-collision system for automobile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The range finding display circuit module Including decoding circuit and can between Dynamic Announce car and barrier distance display.

3. a kind of infrared anti-collision system for automobile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The sound light alarming circuit module Including drive circuit, buzzer and light emitting diode.

4. a kind of infrared anti-collision system for automobile according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The power circuit block includes Transforming circuit, rectification circuit, filter circuit and mu balanced circuit.