CN104614732A - Chaotic light ranging technology based anti-collision signal processing system and method - Google Patents
Chaotic light ranging technology based anti-collision signal processing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104614732A CN104614732A CN201410808541.7A CN201410808541A CN104614732A CN 104614732 A CN104614732 A CN 104614732A CN 201410808541 A CN201410808541 A CN 201410808541A CN 104614732 A CN104614732 A CN 104614732A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
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Abstract
The invention discloses chaotic light ranging technology based anti-collision signal processing system and method. The system comprises a chaotic laser ranging circuit for starting to emit chaotic laser after receiving a control signal from an MCU (Microprogrammed Control Unit) and then outputting a voltage signal to an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) module after receiving reflected chaotic laser of a target object, the ADC module for sampling the output of a chaotic laser ranging circuit, then performing analog to digital converting and sending the converted digital signal to the MCU, the MCU for starting to time after sending the control signal, comparing the obtained digital signal with a set threshold to determine whether the reflection is effective reflection, and calculating time difference from the beginning of emission until receiving an effective reflection signal if the reflection is the effective reflection, and calculating the distance of the target object, and a display module which is connected with the MCU to display the measured distance on real time. With the adoption of the system and method, the problem of expensive laser in the prior art is solved; meanwhile, the chaotic is extremely wide in frequency spectrum; the measurement precision is high; the structure is simple.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crashproof signal processing system and method, particularly relate to a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging technology and method.
Background technology
In actual life, have the method for many range findings, short-range have meter ruler, tape measure, long distance have ultrasound wave, infrared distance measurement and laser ranging, wherein laser is as a kind of survey instrument growing distance, but due to its powerful functional characteristic, more can extensively use.Below will relatively above three kinds of long range measurements systems.
1, ultrasonic ranging
Because ultrasound wave directive property is strong, energy ezpenditure is slow, and that propagates in media as well is distant, and thus ultrasound wave is through being usually used in the measurement of distance.Its measurement range is 0.10-4.00m, and measuring accuracy is 1cm.During measurement with testee without directly contacting, can clear, stably display measurement result.
The kind of the velocity of sound not only with medium is relevant, and relevant with the temperature of medium.So when finding range, if there is temperature variation in the external world, be easy to the personal safety affecting driver.As shown in table 1:
Table 1 sound varies with temperature
| Temperature (DEG C) | 0 | 15 | 25 |
| The velocity of sound (m/s) | 331 | 340 | 346 |
2, infrared distance measurement
Infrared radiation is commonly called as infrared ray, and also known as infrared light, it is a kind of light invisible to the human eye.But in fact it is the same with other any light, it is also a kind of material of outwardness.Any object, as long as its humidity is higher than absolute zero, just has infrared ray space radiation towards periphery.Its wavelength is between visible ray and microwave, and its wavelength coverage is roughly within the spectral range of 0.75um-1000um.Corresponding frequency is roughly 4 × 10
14~ 3 × 10
11between Hz, infrared ray and visible ray, ultraviolet, χ ray, gamma-rays and microwave, radiowave together form whole unlimited continuous print electromagnetic wave spectrum, in infrared technique, generally infrared radiation is divided into four regions, i.e. near-infrared region, middle infrared, far infrared region and extra-far infrared district.
Not easily there is scattering when being full of the material of suspended ion by cloud and mist etc. in infrared ray, has stronger penetration capacity, also have antijamming capability strong, be easy to produce, the feature that can not disturb the wireless device that close on little to environmental impact, be thus widely used.But be easily disturbed, being covered by ice and snow or mud dirt can be malfunctioning; And to dark rough surface object Low Response.
3, laser ranging
We know that object luminescence is because form the molecule of these objects or the rotation and vibration transition of atom, the state of molecule or atom microscopic system is changed and produces.Light is divided into again coherent light and incoherent light.Common common light is exactly incoherent light, and its intensity, frequency, phase place and direction vary, so the energy distribution of spontaneous radiation, in very broad spectrum domain, also can not obtain good monochromatic light by light filter.Radiation simultaneously spherically distributes, and do not have directivity, the light beam that extremely cannot be collimated by reflection unit or lens, be also difficult to highlight to greatest extent by lens imaging device.
A kind of instrument that laser is more suitable for as telemeasurement owing to having the features such as high coherence, high directivity, high brightness, and the light velocity is 3 × 10
8m/s, measuring accuracy can reach ns level.
The principle schematic of laser ranging as shown in Figure 1.By laser transmitter projects laser, light beam arrives target through air, returns, and received by laser pick-off circuit after target reflection.Measure and be received the experienced time from Laser emission to reflected light, the distance that will measure can be obtained according to kinematic relation.
Go out T1 two-way time, T2 by the clock timing function calculating of single-chip microcomputer inside, then calculate mistiming T=T1-T2 by single-chip microcomputer, because laser also belongs to light, so its speed is c=3 × 10
8m/s, then according to kinematics formula
calculate measured distance.
But current laser ranging technique all adopts random signal semiconductor laser modulation to produce the random laser signal of intensity, and this method needs expensive random code generator and high speed outer modulator, and range resolution is low.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging technology and method, which solves the expensive problem of laser in prior art, and chaos light has extremely wide frequency spectrum simultaneously, measuring accuracy is high, and structure is simple.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging, comprising:
Chaos laser range-measurement circuit, starts to launch chaotic laser light after the control signal receiving MCU, when after the reflection chaotic laser light receiving object, exports a voltage signal to ADC module;
ADC module, carries out analog to digital conversion to after the output sampling of this chaos laser range-measurement circuit, and the digital signal after conversion is delivered to MCU;
MCU, timing is started after transmitting control signal, and the digital signal of acquisition and setting threshold value are compared, to determine whether usable reflection, if usable reflection, then calculate to the mistiming τ receiving usable reflection signal from transmitting, and utilize chaotic laser light range formula to calculate the distance L of object;
Display module, is connected with MCU, to be shown in real time by the distance L recorded.
Further, this system also comprises sound light alarming circuit, and this sound light alarming circuit is connected with MCU, and after the distance L recording object, this distance compares with predetermined threshold value by MCU, controls this sound light alarming circuit carry out sound and light alarm according to comparative result.
Further, this chaotic laser light range formula is:
L＝c·τ/2n
Wherein, c is the light velocity, and n is the refractive index of transmission medium relative to air.
Further, this display module is numeral method module, utilizes charactron to show.
Further, this sound light alarming circuit comprises three light emitting diodes and a hummer, MCU is by arranging distance threshold, within the scope of different distance, drive the diode of three different colours, to represent the hazard level of distance, and the audible frequency of hummer is utilized to express different hazard level.
Further, this MCU is the single-chip microcomputer comprising crystal oscillating circuit and reset circuit.
For achieving the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of crashproof signal processing method based on chaos ligh-ranging, comprises the steps:
Step one, after the control signal receiving MCU, chaos laser range-measurement circuit starts to launch chaotic laser light, and after the reflection chaotic laser light receiving object, exports a voltage signal to ADC module;
Step 2, delivers to MCU after carrying out analog to digital conversion to the voltage obtained;
Step 3, MCU starts timing after transmitting control signal, and the digital signal of acquisition and setting threshold value are compared, to determine whether usable reflection, if usable reflection, then calculate to the mistiming τ receiving usable reflection signal from transmitting, and utilize chaotic laser light range formula to calculate the distance L of object;
Step 4, shows in real time by the distance recorded.
Further, also comprise the steps: after step 3
This distance L and predetermined threshold value are compared, controls sound light alarming circuit according to comparative result and carry out sound and light alarm.
Further, this chaotic laser light range formula is:
L＝c·τ/2n
Wherein, c is the light velocity, and n is the refractive index of transmission medium relative to air.
Compared with prior art, a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging of the present invention and method are by realizing the crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging technology, solve the expensive problem of laser, chaos light has extremely wide frequency spectrum simultaneously, measuring accuracy is very high, and structure is simple, the present invention not only can carry out the Distance geometry velocity survey of grade precision to multiple goal and moving object, and its feature breaches traditional OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, optical time domain reflectometer) bandwidth sum and the restriction of code length, range finding expense can be made to reduce.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of laser ranging;
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of the chaos system of closed loop configuration;
Fig. 3 is the range measurement principle schematic diagram of chaos light;
Fig. 4 is the system architecture diagram of a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the Organization Chart of the preferred embodiment of a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the pinouts of single-chip microcomputer in present pre-ferred embodiments;
Fig. 7 is the internal clock circuit figure of single-chip microcomputer in present pre-ferred embodiments;
Fig. 8 is the resetting structure schematic diagram of the single-chip microcomputer of present pre-ferred embodiments;
Fig. 9 is the reset circuit structural drawing of the single-chip microcomputer of present pre-ferred embodiments;
Figure 10 is charactron and single-chip microcomputer connection diagram in present pre-ferred embodiments;
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of sound light alarming circuit in present pre-ferred embodiments;
Figure 12 is the flow chart of steps of a kind of crashproof signal processing method based on chaos ligh-ranging of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the process flow diagram of digital-scroll technique program in present pre-ferred embodiments;
Figure 14 is the process flow diagram of sound and light alarm program in present pre-ferred embodiments;
Figure 15 is that in present pre-ferred embodiments, charactron lights principle schematic.
Embodiment
Below by way of specific instantiation and accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can understand other advantage of the present invention and effect easily by content disclosed in the present specification.The present invention is also implemented by other different instantiation or is applied, and the every details in this instructions also can based on different viewpoints and application, carries out various modification and change not deviating under spirit of the present invention.
Below first chaotic laser light sending and receiving receipts and range measurement principle are described: the principle schematic of the chaos system of closed loop configuration as shown in Figure 2, the semiconductor laser that in figure, transmitter TL and receiver RL are fed back by the band light that two structural parameters are consistent forms, signal is carried in the chaotic carrier of emitting laser output by current-modulation mode, the chaotic laser light carrier wave beam splitter BS that carry information is divided into two bundles: a branch of being injected into by optoisolator IS receives in laser instrument, another bundle is input to the chaos ripple exported with receiver in subtracter and subtracts each other, and obtains load signal.
After the parameter of given semiconductor laser, the relaxation oscillation frequency that can obtain laser instrument is about 2.6GHZ, under certain light feedback, the bandwidth of the chaotic carrier that laser instrument exports is about 2.86GHZ, information signal waiting for transmission is loaded on the chaotic carrier of emitting laser output by HVDC Modulation, and the modulating current now injected is
I＝I
b+I
msin(2Πft)
Here
I
m＝m(I
b/I
th-1)I
th
Wherein, I
b: bias current, m: depth of modulation.
Chaos light has extremely wide frequency spectrum, and therefore measuring accuracy is very high; And it is simple to produce structure.The luminous power time series of chaos light output and the cross correlation of its delayed sequence have the character being similar to δ function, and peak value will appear at both relative delay places, utilize this characteristic can realize anti-interference, high precision and the resolution range observation irrelevant with distance.
The range measurement principle of chaos light as shown in Figure 3.If chaos light transmit as X (t), through target reflection after echoed signal be Y (t+ τ).Wherein τ is that echoed signal is for the time delay transmitted.
Its cross correlation function:
In formula:
symbol represents computing cross-correlation, and k is normalization coefficient, by the τ that the peak value of extraction cross-correlation curve is corresponding, can obtain range formula:
L＝c·τ/2n
In formula: the c light velocity, n is the refractive index of transmission medium relative to air.
Fig. 4 is the system architecture diagram of a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging of the present invention.As shown in Figure 4, a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging of the present invention, comprising: chaos laser range-measurement circuit 401, ADC module 402, MCU403, display module 404 and sound light alarming circuit 405.
Wherein chaos laser range-measurement circuit 401, starts to launch chaotic laser light after the control signal receiving MCU401, after this chaos laser range-measurement circuit 401 receives the reflection chaotic laser light of object, exports a voltage signal to ADC module 402; ADC module 402, carries out analog to digital conversion to after the output sampling of chaos laser range-measurement circuit 401, and the digital signal after conversion is delivered to MCU403; MCU403 starts timing after transmitting control signal, and the digital signal of acquisition and setting threshold value are compared, to determine whether usable reflection, if usable reflection, then calculate to the mistiming τ receiving usable reflection signal from transmitting, and utilize chaotic laser light range formula to calculate the distance L of object.Specifically, chaotic laser light range formula is
L＝c·τ/2n
In formula: c is the light velocity, n is the refractive index of transmission medium relative to air, and n provides setting by inputting interface.
After the distance L recording object, this distance L and predetermined threshold value compare by MCU403, control sound light alarming circuit 405 carry out sound and light alarm according to comparative result; Display module 404 is connected with MCU403, for MCU403 is surveyed the in real time display of object distance.
Fig. 5 is the Organization Chart of the preferred embodiment of a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging of the present invention.Wherein, 10 is MCU minimum system, comprise crystal oscillating circuit and reset circuit, 20 is chaos laser range-measurement circuit GP2Y0A21, it exports the input port connecting adc circuit 30, adc circuit 30 uses TLC549, the choosing of its sheet is connected to P2.2 and controls, its clock is connected to P2.0, its output is connected to P2.1, 40 is digital display module, P1.0-1.7 is connected to the choosing of charactron position, P3.4-3.7 is connected to charactron segment encode, 50 is sound light alarming circuit, the P2.3 of MCU, P2.4, P2.5 mouth controls three light emitting diodes, represent the hazard level of different distance respectively, red expression distance is very near, yellow expression distance starts close, green expression distance safety, P2.6 controls the chimes of doom that hummer sends different frequency.
In present pre-ferred embodiments, the 89C52 single-chip microcomputer adopting STC Corporation to produce does kernel control chip, there is the SRAM of 1280 bytes its inside, and the internal program memory of 8-64K byte, the ISP preamble code of 2-8K byte, P4 mouth more than except PO-P3 mouth (carry in (PLCC encapsulation), sheet in 8,8 tunnel AD (AD series), sheet to carry in EEPROM, sheet and carry house dog, Double Data pointer etc.Its pinouts as shown in Figure 6.
(1) STC89C52 pinouts explanation
VCC (40 pin): supply voltage
VSS (20 pin): ground connection
P0 port (P0.0 ~ P0.7,39 ~ 32 pins): P0 mouth is 8 two-way I/O mouths of an open-drain.As output port, each pin can drive 8 TTL loads, when writing " 1 " to port P0, can input as high impedance.When accessing external program and data-carrier store, P0 mouth also can provide the multiplex bus of least-significant byte address and 8 bit data.Now, P0 mouth internal pull-up resistor is effective.When Flash ROM programmes, P0 port accepts command byte; And when checking routine, then output order byte.During checking, require external pull-up resistor.
P1 port (P1.0 ~ P1.7,1 ~ 8 pin): P1 mouth is 8 two-way I/O mouths of a band internal pull-up resistor.The output buffer of P1 can drive (absorbing or output current mode) 4 TTL inputs.When writing 1 to port, by the pull-up resistor of inside, port is moved to noble potential, this can be used as input port.When P1 mouth does input port use, because there is internal pull-up resistor, those can be exported an electric current by the pin that outside drags down.
In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can also input triggering input (P1.1/T2EX) of (P1.0/T2) and timer/counter 2 as the exterior technology of timer/counter 2, specifically see table 2:
When to Flash ROM programming and program ver-ify, P1 receives least-significant byte address.
Table 2P1.0 and P1.1 pin multiplexing function
| Pin number | Functional characteristic |
| P1.0 | T2 (input of timer/counter 2 external counting), clock exports |
| P1.1 | T2EX (triggering and direction controlling are caught/reset to timer/counter 2) |
P2 port (P2.0 ~ P2.7,21 ~ 28 pins): P2 mouth is 8 two-way I/O ports of a band internal pull-up resistor.The output buffer of P2 can drive (absorbing or output current mode) 4 TTL inputs.When 1 is write to port, by the pull-up resistor of inside, port is moved to high level, at this moment can be used as input port.When P2 uses as input port, because there is inner pull-up resistor, those can be exported an electric current by the pin that external signal drags down.
When accessing the external data memory (as performed " MOVX@DPTR " instruction) of external program memory and 16 bit address, P2 sends most-significant byte address.When the external data memory (as performed " MOVX@R1 " instruction) of access 8 bit address, content (being exactly the content of the P2 register in special register (SFR) district) on P2 mouth pin, can not change during the visit whole.
During to Flash ROM programming and program ver-ify, P2 also receives high address and number control signal.
P3 port (P3.0 ~ P3.7,10 ~ 17 pins): P3 is 8 two-way I/O ports of a band internal pull-up resistor.The output buffer of P3 can drive (absorbing or output current mode) 4 TTL inputs.When 1 is write to port, by the pull-up resistor of inside, port is moved to noble potential, at this moment can be used as input port.When P3 does input port use, because there is inner pull-up resistor, those can be inputted an electric current by the pin that external signal drags down.
When to Flash ROM programming or program ver-ify, P3 also receives number control signal.
P3 mouth, except as except general I/O mouth, also has some other multiplexing function, does not repeat them here.
RST (9 pin): reset input.Be effectively when inputting above high level of continuous two machine cycles, being used for the reset initialization of single-chip microcomputer single-chip microcomputer operates.After house dog timing completes, RST pin exports the high level in 96 crystal oscillator cycles.DISRTO position on specified register AUXR (address 8EH) can make this function invalid.Under DISRTO default conditions, reset high level is effective.
Table 3P3 mouth pin multiplexing function
| Pin number | Multiplexing function |
| P3.0 | RXD (serial input mouth) |
| P3.1 | TXD (Serial output mouth) |
| P3.2 | (external interrupt 0) |
| P3.3 | (external interrupt 1) |
| P3.4 | T0 (the outside input of timer 0) |
| P3.5 | T1 (the outside input of timer 1) |
| P3.6 | (external data memory write gate) |
| P3.7 | (external data memory read gate) |
ALE/ (30 pin): when address latch control signal (ALE) is access external program memory, latch the output pulse of least-significant byte address.When Flash programmes, this pin is also used as programming input pulse.
In the ordinary course of things, ALE exports pulse with the fixed frequency of crystal oscillator 1/6th, can be used as external timer or clock use.But lay special stress on, when each access external data storer, ALE pulse will be skipped.
If needed, by the 0th set of the SFR by address bit 8EH, ALE operation is by invalid.This set, ALE is only effective when performing MOVX or MOV instruction.Otherwise ALE will be drawn high by faint.It is invalid under the arranging of this ALE enabler flags position SFR of the address bit 8EH (the 0th) is in outside execution pattern to microcontroller.
(29 pin): external program memory gating signal is external program memory gating signal.When AT89C51RC performs external code from external program memory, be activated twice in each machine cycle, and during access external data storer, will not be activated.
/ VPP (31 pin): access external program memory control signal.For enable external program memory reading command from 0000H to FFFFH, GND must be met.When noting cipher mode 1, internal lock is located RESET.In order to perform internal processes instruction, VCC should be met.During Flash programming, also receive 12 volts of vpp voltages.
XTAL1 (19 pin): the input end of oscillator inverting amplifier and internal clocking circuit for generating.
XTAL2 (18 pin): the input end of oscillator inverting amplifier.
(2) clock circuit
In the present invention, topmost distance measurement function utilizes the timing/timer of single-chip microcomputer inside to realize, and adopt T0 as timer, T1 is as timer.Timer T1 carries out timing to the high level lasting time of external signal, if external signal does not have high level to change, system will be waited for high level and can not continue to perform, and now just needs timer to control the stand-by period, timing, to just abandoning timing, makes system worked well.
XTAL1 connects one end of external crystal-controlled oscillation and trimmer, inner at single-chip microcomputer, and it is the input end of the sign-changing amplifier forming sheet internal oscillator.When adopting external oscillator, the signal of this pin reception oscillator, namely directly receives this signal the input end of internal oscillator.
XTAL2 connects the other end of external crystal-controlled oscillation and trimmer, inner at single-chip microcomputer, and it is the output terminal of the sign-changing amplifier forming sheet internal oscillator.When adopting external oscillator, this pin should be unsettled.
Crystal oscillator can be selected between 1.2MHz ~ 12MHz, and electric capacity C1, C2 can select between 20pF ~ 100pF, and its Main Function helps oscillator starting of oscillation, and the size of its value has fine setting effect to oscillator frequency.Crystal oscillator in native system is chosen as 11.0592MHz, C1=C2=33pF.Internal clock circuit figure as shown in Figure 7.
(3) reset circuit
Reset pin RST is connected with reset circuit in sheet by this schmitt trigger in sheet.This schmitt trigger is used for shaping pulse and restraint speckle, and its output is reset circuit sampling once when the S5P2 of each machine cycle.Resetting structure as shown in Figure 8.
After reset, PC content is 0000H, makes single-chip microcomputer executive routine from start address 0000H unit.The reset mode of single-chip microcomputer has electrification reset and button hand-reset two kinds.The circuit design of native system adopts button hand-reset.When often to open button and close, be equivalent to RST end and connected by resistance and Vcc power supply, provide the threshold value voltage of enough width to complete reset.
Resistance in reset circuit, the setting of capacitance values, will ensure at least keep the high level of 2 machine cycles (24 oscillation period) at RST pin place and complete reseting procedure, namely maintain the lowest threshold voltage above long enough time at the input end of this schmitt trigger, make this schmitt trigger produce a positive pulse.
If need program from the beginning to perform in operational process, only need button press, after reset, P0 to P3 Parallel I/O mouth is high level entirely, and other register all resets, and only has SBUF buffer status uncertain.In order to ensure capacitor charging time long enough, should be that capacitance is larger.The dividing potential drop effect of R7 is mainly considered in the selection of R7 and R8, makes that the partial pressure value of R7 is maximum can reach high level, and each Selecting parameter is: C=10 μ F, R7=1K Ω, R8=100 Ω.Reset circuit of SCM as shown in Figure 9.
In present pre-ferred embodiments, digital display module 40 have employed charactron, and charactron is made up of LED, and LED is packaged into an entirety according to certain figure or character combination, then light corresponding LED as required, just can show little specific character or figure.
8 segment numeral pipes each section of correspondence light emitting diode, have common anode pole and common cathode two kinds, light emitting diode is the one of semiconductor diode, electric energy conversion can be become luminous energy.Often be abbreviated as LED (1fight emitting diode).Light emitting diode is the same with general-purpose diode also has unilateral conduction.When adding that to light emitting diode forward voltage (being greater than the forward voltage drop of LED) will be luminous, when adding that to light emitting diode negative voltage would not be luminous.The luminosity of light emitting diode is directly proportional to the working current passed through, and generally, the forward working current of LED is at about lOmA, if can damage LED when electric current is excessive, when therefore using, necessary series limiting resistor is to control the electric current by pipe.Current-limiting resistance R can calculate with following formula:
R＝(E-UF)/IF
In formula, E is supply voltage, and OF is the forward voltage drop of LED, and IF is the general work electric current of LED.The forward saturation voltage drop of common light emitting diode is 1.4-2.1V, and forward working current is that 5-20mA.LED is widely used in the equipment such as various electronic circuit, household electrical appliances, instrument, does power supply or level indicating.
What the present invention adopted is common cathode display.The negative electrode of the light emitting diode of common cathode light-emitting diode display links together, usually this common cathode ground connection, and when the anode of certain light emitting diode is high level, light emitting diode is lighted, and corresponding section is shown.
According to Figure 15, illustrate and light principle.
Our segment encode, a-g, dp, totally 8 ends.Can see the inner connection layout of Figure 15 common cathode charactron, we are simultaneously b, c termination high level, and these two sections of LED are just lit, other be the state of going out.On charactron, we just can see aobvious decimal fractions " 1 ".Other numeral and character the like.
Show range finding distance by group of four figures pipe in the present invention, retain 2 significant digits.The P1.0-P1.7 pin control bit choosing of STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer, P3 controls to export segment encode.Circuit diagram as shown in Figure 10.
In present pre-ferred embodiments, sound light alarming circuit 50 is made up of three light emitting diodes and a hummer.The distance received shows by single-chip microcomputer on charactron, distance threshold is set simultaneously, within the scope of different distance, by the diode of three different colours, namely red, yellow, green represent the hazard level of distance, and express different hazard level in conjunction with the audible frequency of hummer.
In the present invention, P2.3, P2.4, P2.5 mouth controls three light emitting diodes, represents the hazard level of different distance respectively, and red expression distance is very near, and yellow represents close apart from starting, green expression distance safety; P2.6 controls the chimes of doom that hummer sends different frequency.
Hummer is driven by PNP type triode, by the enlarging function of triode, sends chimes of doom.Hummer directly connects fixing DC voltage, and namely energising sends the sound of fixed frequency.Hummer is divided into electromagnetic buzzer and piezo buzzer.Electromagnetic buzzer is made up of oscillator, solenoid, magnet, vibrating diaphragm and shell etc.After switching on power, the voice-frequency signalling current that oscillator produces, by solenoid, makes solenoid produce magnetic field.Vibrating diaphragm under the interaction of solenoid and magnet, periodically vibration sounding.
Piezo buzzer is primarily of multivibrator, piezoelectricity singing piece, impedance matching box and the composition such as resonant tank, shell.Some piezo buzzer shells are also equipped with light emitting diode.Multivibrator is made up of transistor or integrated circuit.After switching on power, multivibrator starting of oscillation, exports the sound signal of 1.5-2.5kHZ, and impedance matching box promotes piezoelectricity singing piece sounding.Warning circuit as shown in figure 11.
Figure 12 is the flow chart of steps of a kind of crashproof signal processing method based on chaos ligh-ranging of the present invention.As shown in figure 12, a kind of crashproof signal processing method based on chaos ligh-ranging of the present invention, comprises the steps:
Step 101, after the control signal receiving MCU, chaos laser range-measurement circuit starts to launch chaotic laser light, and after the reflection chaotic laser light receiving object, exports a voltage signal to ADC module;
Step 102, delivers to MCU after carrying out analog to digital conversion to the voltage obtained;
Step 103, MCU starts timing after transmitting control signal, and the digital signal of acquisition and setting threshold value are compared, to determine whether usable reflection, if usable reflection, then calculate to the mistiming τ receiving usable reflection signal from transmitting, and utilize chaotic laser light range formula to calculate the distance L of object.Specifically, chaotic laser light range formula is
L＝c·τ/2n
In formula: c is the light velocity, n is the refractive index of transmission medium relative to air, and n provides setting by inputting interface.
Step 104, shows in real time by the distance recorded.
Preferably, after step 103, also comprise the steps:
This distance L and predetermined threshold value are compared, controls sound light alarming circuit according to comparative result and carry out sound and light alarm.
Below will further illustrate the present invention by a specific embodiment.In this specific embodiment, MCU adopts single chip computer89C51.
System brings into operation, and first carries out program initialization to system.Define three sections of risk distances, laser constantly scans, by the real-time display measurement distance of charactron.Determine whether to exceed safe distance, once exceed safe distance just jump to warning system, represented by different frequency hummer and three look wave bands.If do not exceed and just jump out warning system.Operational system so again and again.
In the present invention, adopt single-chip microcomputer internal clocking mode to carry out timing and timing, select the crystal oscillator of 11.0592MHz.Measured signal is inputted by P2.1 pin, and P2.0 is as the control signal of laser.After P2.0 pin is 10us high level, start timer timing 5ms, then wait for that P2.1 pin becomes high level from low level.If P2.1 mouth level does not also change after 5ms, then illustrate and barrier do not detected, now stop waiting for, go to perform next modular program; If P2.1 mouth level low level becomes high level in 5ms, just start timing, namely start timer T1 to measure the high level time that outside laser produces signal, stopping timing when detecting that single-chip microcomputer P2.1 pin becomes low level, obtaining high level time.
In present pre-ferred embodiments, the real-time display of step 104 adopts charactron to show.Four displays adopt the mode of Dynamic Announce.4 display buffer unit 40H ~ 43H are set in 89C51 single-chip microcomputer internal RAM, deposit three bit data and setting value that display will show respectively.First #40H is assigned to R1, give R0 by selection of land location, first position, finally sent by segment encode, after having sent one, R1 has added 1, and position choosing corresponding to R0 also moves to next bit, and four of such display just dynamically demonstrate in buffer zone and show the determined character of data.P1.0 ~ the P1.7 of 89C51 single-chip microcomputer is used for the position of control four common cathode displays and selects mouth, and P3 mouth then exports segment encode.The process flow diagram of numeral method as shown in figure 13.
In the present invention, sound light alarming circuit forms warning circuit for generating by LED, hummer and triode.By the P2.6 port controlling hummer sounding of single-chip microcomputer, P2.3 ~ P2.5 controls yellow, green, red three kinds of LED and secretly goes out, and driver's hazard level is reminded on point distance ground.
When laser encounters barrier, receive signal, process, when distance of finding range is more than 80cm time, no to scale is inaccurate; When distance range is between 30-80cm, then represent safety, display green light; When being shown as < 30cm, then amber light is bright, and hummer rings a sound; When the distance detected is shown as < 20cm, then when red, hummer rings three sound, realizes the function of crashproof range finding with this.The process flow diagram of alert program as shown in figure 14
In sum, a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging of the present invention and method are by realizing the crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging technology, solve the expensive problem of laser, chaos light has extremely wide frequency spectrum simultaneously, measuring accuracy is very high, and it is simple to produce structure, the present invention not only can carry out the Distance geometry velocity survey of grade precision to multiple goal and moving object, and its feature breaches traditional OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, optical time domain reflectometer) bandwidth sum and the restriction of code length, range finding expense can be made to reduce.
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the present invention.Any those skilled in the art all without prejudice under spirit of the present invention and category, can carry out modifying to above-described embodiment and change.Therefore, the scope of the present invention, should listed by claims.
Claims (9)
1., based on a crashproof signal processing system for chaos ligh-ranging, comprising:
Chaos laser range-measurement circuit, starts to launch chaotic laser light after the control signal receiving MCU, when after the reflection chaotic laser light receiving object, exports a voltage signal to ADC module;
ADC module, carries out analog to digital conversion to after the output sampling of this chaos laser range-measurement circuit, and the digital signal after conversion is delivered to MCU;
MCU, timing is started after transmitting control signal, and the digital signal of acquisition and setting threshold value are compared, to determine whether usable reflection, if usable reflection, then calculate to the mistiming τ receiving usable reflection signal from transmitting, and utilize chaotic laser light range formula to calculate the distance L of object;
Display module, is connected with MCU, to be shown in real time by the distance L recorded.
2. a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: this system also comprises sound light alarming circuit, this sound light alarming circuit is connected with MCU, after the distance L recording object, this distance compares with predetermined threshold value by MCU, controls this sound light alarming circuit carry out sound and light alarm according to comparative result.
3. a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, this chaotic laser light range formula is:
L＝c·τ/2n
Wherein, c is the light velocity, and n is the refractive index of transmission medium relative to air.
4. a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: this display module is numeral method module, utilizes charactron to show.
5. a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: this sound light alarming circuit comprises three light emitting diodes and a hummer, MCU is by arranging distance threshold, within the scope of different distance, drive the diode of three different colours, to represent the hazard level of distance, and the audible frequency of hummer is utilized to express different hazard level.
6. a kind of crashproof signal processing system based on chaos ligh-ranging as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: this MCU is the single-chip microcomputer comprising crystal oscillating circuit and reset circuit.
7., based on a crashproof signal processing method for chaos ligh-ranging, comprise the steps:
Step one, after the control signal receiving MCU, chaos laser range-measurement circuit starts to launch chaotic laser light, and after the reflection chaotic laser light receiving object, exports a voltage signal to ADC module;
Step 2, delivers to MCU after carrying out analog to digital conversion to the voltage obtained;
Step 3, MCU starts timing after transmitting control signal, and the digital signal of acquisition and setting threshold value are compared, to determine whether usable reflection, if usable reflection, then calculate to the mistiming τ receiving usable reflection signal from transmitting, and utilize chaotic laser light range formula to calculate the distance L of object;
Step 4, shows in real time by the distance recorded.
8. a kind of crashproof signal processing method based on chaos ligh-ranging as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, also comprise the steps: after step 3
This distance L and predetermined threshold value are compared, controls sound light alarming circuit according to comparative result and carry out sound and light alarm.
9. a kind of crashproof signal processing method based on chaos ligh-ranging as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, this chaotic laser light range formula is:
L＝c·τ/2n
Wherein, c is the light velocity, and n is the refractive index of transmission medium relative to air.
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