CN106735845B - Carrier rocket tank circumferential weld friction stir welding method - Google Patents
Carrier rocket tank circumferential weld friction stir welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106735845B CN106735845B CN201611049931.6A CN201611049931A CN106735845B CN 106735845 B CN106735845 B CN 106735845B CN 201611049931 A CN201611049931 A CN 201611049931A CN 106735845 B CN106735845 B CN 106735845B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a friction stir welding method for a circumferential seam of a storage tank of a carrier rocket, which comprises the following steps: step one, installing a tightening device in a storage box and keeping the storage box in a contraction state; secondly, positioning the outer circle outside the storage box; step three, stretching the tightening device to position the interior of the storage box; and step four, girth welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a welding tightening technology of a friction stir welding machine tool, in particular to a friction stir welding method for a circumferential seam of a storage tank of a carrier rocket. The device is suitable for a friction stir welding machine tool.
Background
The traditional welding manufacturing process of the tank bottom of the carrier rocket tank in China adopts a TIG welding method, and because the tank bottom material is usually an aluminum alloy material with low density and high specific strength, a large amount of air holes, cracks or similar cracks and other defects exist after the product is welded. In order to improve the market competitiveness of carrier rocket products, rocket manufacturers are required to continuously improve the quality and performance of rockets and reduce the production and manufacturing cost, and a novel connecting technology is urgently required to be adopted.
Friction stir welding is a novel solid phase joining technique, has good weld seam formability, does not have the defects of cracks, air holes and the like generated in the traditional welding process, makes the friction stir welding technique become the most attractive welding method since the laser welding comes out, and has great revolution in the joining technique of nonferrous metals such as aluminum alloy and the like. Friction stir welding has shown great technical advantages in the aspects of spacecraft low-temperature container welding, large-scale light alloy structural member welding, aircraft skin welding, aluminum extrusion member welding, ship body and reinforcement welding, high-speed train aluminum welding and the like.
To date, friction stir welding has proven to be suitable for friction stir welding techniques for light metal alloys and non-metal materials having high temperature flow plasticity, in addition to aluminum alloy materials and aluminum matrix composites. With the development of the friction stir welding technology, people have more and more researches on the friction stir welding technology, and the research field is wider and wider. The friction stir welding has the excellent characteristics of no splashing, no smoke, no need of adding welding wires and shielding gas and the like, and is a novel technology with high efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection. Therefore, the application of this technology to rocket production and manufacturing is a future development trend. In order to adapt to the application of a friction stir welding technology on a rocket and solve the problem of friction stir welding of a semi-closed structure such as a carrier rocket storage tank, a rocket storage tank circumferential weld friction stir welding method is provided, and a carrier rocket storage tank circumferential weld friction stir welding bracing device is developed and designed to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem that the friction stir welding is difficult to carry out internal bracing when the circular seam is welded; in order to solve the problems, the invention provides a friction stir welding method for the circumferential seam of the storage tank of the carrier rocket.
A friction stir welding method for a circumferential seam of a storage tank of a carrier rocket,
step one, installing a tightening device in a storage box and keeping the storage box in a contraction state;
secondly, positioning the outer circle outside the storage box;
step three, stretching the tightening device to position the interior of the storage box;
and step four, girth welding.
Further, installing the tightening device includes: the surface of the mounting plate is radially provided with a telescopic tightening mechanism unit, one end of the telescopic tightening mechanism unit is fixed in the center of the mounting plate, the other end of the telescopic tightening mechanism unit is connected with a tightening plate, and the telescopic tightening mechanism unit is driven by an internal pneumatic motor; the surface of the tightening plate far away from the telescopic tightening mechanism unit is matched with the inner surface of the storage box.
Further, the second step comprises: the semi-closed spherical bottom cylinder section and the two-end open cylinder section are respectively adjusted and fixed through an outer clamp of a friction stir welding machine tool, the welding edge attaching degree of the two cylinder sections is ensured to meet the welding requirement of friction stir welding, and the outer clamp is used for positioning a circular surface.
Further, the installation retractable tightening mechanism unit includes: installing a first main tightening mechanism extension mechanism and a second main tightening mechanism which can work independently; the first main tightening mechanism is connected with the first tightening plate in an extending way, and the second main tightening mechanism is connected with the second tightening plate in an extending way; the first tightening plate and the second tightening plate are jointed through a wedge-shaped sliding block to form a tightening plate; the third step comprises: the first pneumatic motor drives the first main tightening mechanism to extend to the position, and the second pneumatic motor drives the second main tightening mechanism to extend to the position.
Further, the third step further includes: an auxiliary supporting mechanism is arranged between the wedge-shaped sliding block and a central rotating shaft positioned in the center of the mounting plate, and the expansion degree of the auxiliary supporting mechanism is adjusted through an adjusting nut.
Further, the fourth step includes: under the action of a machine tool stirring welding device, an outer clamp is synchronously driven by a motor to enable a tensioning device to rotate, and the circumferential seams of the rocket storage tanks are butt-jointed and welded; and then, the semi-closed spherical bottom cylinder section and the two-end open cylinder section are welded by butt circular seam welding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. compared with the traditional butt welding of the circular seam of the storage tank, the friction stir welding is beneficial to improving the butt welding strength of the circular seam and realizing the consistency of all parts of a solid-phase welding joint;
2. the mechanism motion of the welding tightening device is realized by adopting a pneumatic motor and a worm gear speed reducer as a transmission mode, the welding tightening device has a self-locking function, and the reliability of full-rigid support of the tightening device is improved;
3. the rocket storage tank has a self-adaptive anti-backlash function due to errors generated by processing;
4. the auxiliary tightening device is adopted to strengthen the rigidity and the strength of the supporting mechanism;
5. each component has the characteristics of small volume and light weight, and is convenient for manual disassembly and assembly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of a friction stir welding bracing device for a circumferential seam of a storage tank of a carrier rocket, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a retractable tightening mechanism unit of a friction stir welding tightening device for a circumferential seam of a carrier rocket tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an anti-backlash structure of a friction stir welding tightening device for a circumferential weld of a carrier rocket tank according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the state of the gap adjusting mechanism before gap adjustment when the size of the storage tank is theoretical; FIG. 4 (b) is a schematic diagram of the gap adjusting mechanism after gap adjustment when the size of the storage tank is theoretical; FIG. 4 (c) is a schematic diagram of the theoretical size of the tank.
FIG. 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of the gap adjusting mechanism after gap adjustment when the size of the storage tank is theoretical; FIG. 5 (c) is a schematic diagram showing a positive deviation of the tank size.
FIG. 6 (b) is a schematic diagram of the gap adjusting mechanism after gap adjustment when the size of the storage tank is theoretical; FIG. 6 (c) is a schematic view of a negative deviation of the reservoir.
Detailed Description
As known from the background art, the traditional welding manufacturing process of the bottom of the storage tank of the carrier rocket in China is TIG welding, but the welding process is poor in quality, friction stir welding can improve the welding quality, and the problem of internal support needs to be solved when circular seam welding is carried out in friction stir welding.
The inventor of the invention has studied the above problems and provides a welding and tightening device for the circumferential seam of the carrier rocket tank by friction stir welding. The present invention will be described in more detail below. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2 in combination, a friction stir welding bracing device for a circumferential seam of a storage tank of a carrier rocket, provided by the embodiment of the invention, comprises: the device comprises an installation plate, a telescopic tightening mechanism unit and a tightening plate; the telescopic tightening mechanism unit is installed along the installation plate, one end of the telescopic tightening mechanism unit is fixed in the center of the installation plate, and the other end of the telescopic tightening mechanism unit is connected to the tightening plate. In fig. 1, the present invention is schematically illustrated by taking the full retractable tightening mechanism units as an example, and in other embodiments, the number of retractable tightening mechanism units can be adaptively selected.
As shown in fig. 2, the tightening plate comprises a first tightening plate 6, a second tightening plate 7 and a gap adjusting structure between the first tightening plate 6 and the second tightening plate 7. As shown in fig. 3, the gap adjusting structure comprises a wedge-shaped block 12 fitted between the end surfaces of the first tightening plate 6 and the second tightening plate 7; the baffle 13 is used for fixing the first tightening plate 6, the second tightening plate 7 and the wedge-shaped block; an adjusting screw 10 and a belleville spring 11.
Fig. 4 (a) to 6 (c) are schematic diagrams illustrating the operation of the gap adjusting structure. FIG. 4 (c) is a schematic diagram of the size of the storage tank being theoretical size, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), when the tightening device is not tightened, the wedge-shaped sliding block is tightly attached to the baffle under the action of the adjusting screw and the belleville spring; when the inner diameter of the storage tank is in a theoretical size d, as shown in fig. 4 (b), the wedge-shaped slide block is adjusted to be in a state I from the position of the baffle plate to the outside under the action of the tightening device, and the deviation distance from the symmetric line of the outer boundary of the wedge-shaped slide block is adjusted to be s; FIG. 5 (c) shows the dimension of the storage tank in a positive deviation state (d + 2. delta.), and the position relation between the wedge slider and the tightening plate is adjusted to be a state II as shown in FIG. 5 (b), and the deviation distance of the outer boundary from the symmetry line is s + delta; similarly, when the size of the tank is in the negative deviation state (d-2 Δ ') as shown in FIG. 6 (c), the positional relationship between the wedge slider and the tightening plate is adjusted to the state III, and the outer boundary thereof is offset from the line of symmetry by the distance s + δ', as shown in FIG. 6 (b).
As shown in fig. 2, the retractable tightening mechanism unit includes: the central rotating shaft 1, a first main tightening mechanism 5 and a second main tightening mechanism 9 are respectively connected with the central rotating shaft 1 through a fixed base 2; the other end of the first main tightening mechanism 5 is connected with the first tightening plate, the other end of the second main tightening mechanism 9 is connected with the second tightening plate, and the radians of the first tightening plate and the second tightening plate are the same. The first main tightening mechanism 5 and the second main tightening mechanism 9 have the same structure; the first primary tightening mechanism includes: the first worm gear speed reducer 3, the first pneumatic motor 4 drive first worm gear speed reducer 3 is flexible.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the retractable tightening mechanism unit further includes: one end of the auxiliary supporting mechanism 8 is connected with the central revolving shaft 2, and the other end of the auxiliary supporting mechanism 8 is connected with a wedge-shaped block which is connected between the first tensioning plate and the second tensioning plate; the auxiliary supporting mechanism is connected with the baffle through an adjusting screw, and the belleville spring is located between the auxiliary supporting mechanism and the wedge-shaped block. The belleville spring can effectively improve the control of the tightening force of the outer circular surface of the whole supporting mechanism on the cylinder section to be welded so as to adapt to the error generated in the production and manufacturing process of the cylinder section to be welded.
Hereinafter, the welding method of the circumferential seam friction stir welding bracing device for the carrier rocket storage tank provided by the invention is explained by taking the welding of the closed spherical bottom cylinder section and the two open cylinder sections as an example, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: tightening mechanism unit contraction process
And the telescopic tightening mechanism units are sequentially and radially outwards arranged by taking the central rotating shaft as the center, the number of the telescopic tightening mechanism units is determined according to the requirement, and the air source drives the pneumatic motor to enable the telescopic tightening mechanism units to be in a contraction state. And (4) sending the tightening device in the contraction state into the butt welding position through the headstock of the machine tool.
Step 2: outer circle positioning process
The semi-closed spherical bottom cylinder section and the two-end open cylinder section are respectively adjusted and fixed through an outer clamp of a friction stir welding machine tool, the welding edge attaching degree of the two cylinder sections is ensured to meet the welding requirement of friction stir welding, and the outer clamp is used for positioning a circular surface.
And step 3: extension process of main tightening mechanism
The tightening device in a contraction state is sent to the butt welding position through a machine tool headstock, a pneumatic motor of a first main tightening mechanism is driven by an air source to drive the first main tightening mechanism to extend, a first tightening plate is pushed to move outwards along the radial direction, and the inner walls of the cylinder sections of the two storage boxes are tightened; and then the air source drives the pneumatic motor of the second main supporting mechanism to drive the second main supporting mechanism to extend, the second supporting plate is pushed to move outwards along the radial direction, the other arc sections of the inner walls of the two storage tank barrel sections are supported tightly, and the gap eliminating structure can eliminate the gap of the rocket storage tank due to the error generated by processing. After the first main tightening mechanism and the second main tightening mechanism stretch in place, the self-locking device is used for self-locking and positioning.
And 4, step 4: auxiliary stretching process of tightening mechanism
And an auxiliary tightening mechanism is arranged on the central rotating shaft, an adjusting nut on the auxiliary tightening mechanism is adjusted, the telescopic length of the auxiliary tightening mechanism is controlled, and the defects of structural rigidity and strength of the binding surface of the first tightening plate and the second tightening plate are overcome.
And 5: girth welding procedure
After the storage tank is fixed, under the action of a machine tool stirring and welding device, an outer clamp is synchronously driven by a motor to enable the tensioning device to rotate, and the circumferential seams of the rocket storage tank are butt-jointed and welded; and then, the semi-closed spherical bottom cylinder section and the two-end open cylinder section are welded by butt circular seam welding.
Step 6: and (5) disassembling.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Claims (3)
1. A friction stir welding method for a circumferential weld of a storage tank of a carrier rocket is characterized in that a tightening device is provided, and the tightening device comprises a mounting plate, a telescopic tightening mechanism unit and a tightening plate;
the tightening plate comprises a first tightening plate, a second tightening plate and a gap adjusting structure positioned between the first tightening plate and the second tightening plate; the gap adjusting structure comprises a wedge-shaped block which is attached between the end surfaces of the first tightening plate and the second tightening plate, a baffle for fixing the first tightening plate, the second tightening plate and the wedge-shaped block, an adjusting screw and a belleville spring;
the telescopic tightening mechanism unit comprises a central rotating shaft, a first main tightening mechanism, a second main tightening mechanism and an auxiliary supporting mechanism, wherein the first main tightening mechanism and the second main tightening mechanism are respectively connected with the central rotating shaft through a fixed base; the other end of the first main tightening mechanism is connected with the first tightening plate, and the other end of the second main tightening mechanism is connected with the second tightening plate; the radian of the first tightening plate is the same as that of the second tightening plate; the first main tightening mechanism and the second main tightening mechanism are identical in structure, the first main tightening mechanism comprises a first worm gear speed reducer and a first pneumatic motor, and the first pneumatic motor drives the first worm gear speed reducer to stretch; one end of the auxiliary supporting mechanism is connected with the central rotating shaft, and the other end of the auxiliary supporting mechanism is connected with a wedge-shaped block connected between the first tensioning plate and the second tensioning plate; the auxiliary supporting mechanism is connected with the baffle through an adjusting screw, and the belleville spring is positioned between the auxiliary supporting mechanism and the wedge-shaped block;
step one, installing a stretching device in a storage box and keeping the storage box in a contraction state;
installing the tightening device comprises: the surface of the mounting plate is radially provided with a telescopic tightening mechanism unit, one end of the telescopic tightening mechanism unit is fixed in the center of the mounting plate, the other end of the telescopic tightening mechanism unit is connected with a tightening plate, and the telescopic tightening mechanism unit is driven by an internal pneumatic motor; the surface of the tensioning plate, which is far away from the telescopic tensioning mechanism unit, is matched with the inner surface of the storage tank;
installation retractable props tight mechanism unit and includes: installing a first main tightening mechanism extension mechanism and a second main tightening mechanism which can work independently; the first main tightening mechanism is connected with the first tightening plate in an extending way, and the second main tightening mechanism is connected with the second tightening plate in an extending way; the first tightening plate and the second tightening plate are jointed through a wedge-shaped sliding block to form a tightening plate;
secondly, positioning the outer circle outside the storage box;
step three, stretching the tightening device to position the interior of the storage box;
the tightening device in a contraction state is sent to the butt welding position through a machine tool headstock, a first pneumatic motor of a first main tightening mechanism is driven by an air source to drive the first main tightening mechanism to extend, a first tightening plate is pushed to move outwards along the radial direction, and the inner walls of the two storage box barrel sections are tightened; the second air motor of the second main supporting mechanism is driven by the air source to drive the second main supporting mechanism to extend, the second supporting plate is pushed to move outwards along the radial direction, the other arc sections of the inner walls of the two storage tank barrel sections are supported tightly, and the gap eliminating structure can eliminate gaps of errors generated by processing of the rocket storage tanks; after the first main tightening mechanism and the second main tightening mechanism stretch in place, the self-locking device is used for self-locking and positioning;
an auxiliary tightening mechanism is arranged on the central rotating shaft, an adjusting nut on the auxiliary tightening mechanism is adjusted, the telescopic length of the auxiliary tightening mechanism is controlled, and the defects of structural rigidity and strength of the binding surface of the first tightening plate and the second tightening plate are overcome;
and step four, girth welding.
2. The friction stir welding method of a launch vehicle tank circumferential weld according to claim 1, wherein said second step comprises: the semi-closed spherical bottom cylinder section and the two-end open cylinder section are respectively adjusted and fixed through an outer clamp of a friction stir welding machine tool, the welding edge attaching degree of the two cylinder sections is ensured to meet the welding requirement of friction stir welding, and the outer clamp is used for positioning a circular surface.
3. A method of friction stir welding a launch vehicle tank circumferential weld according to claim 1, wherein said step four comprises: under the action of a machine tool stirring welding device, an outer clamp is synchronously driven by a motor to enable a tensioning device to rotate, and the circumferential seams of the rocket storage tanks are butt-jointed and welded; and then, the semi-closed spherical bottom cylinder section and the two-end open cylinder section are welded by butt circular seam welding.
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| CN201611049931.6A CN106735845B (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2016-11-24 | Carrier rocket tank circumferential weld friction stir welding method |
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| CN201611049931.6A CN106735845B (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2016-11-24 | Carrier rocket tank circumferential weld friction stir welding method |
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| CN107470767B (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2020-05-08 | 首都航天机械公司 | Butt joint circumferential seam friction stir welding method for large-scale weak-rigidity hollow column member |
| CN107695507B (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-11-29 | 首都航天机械公司 | A method of guaranteeing major diameter tank joint sealing circumferential weld Friction Stir Welding quality |
| CN110369858B (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-05-04 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Method for repairing defects of inner wall of cylindrical structure |
| CN112935523B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-05-13 | 蓝箭航天空间科技股份有限公司 | Friction stir welding device for welding storage tank of spacecraft |
| CN113210838B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-11-29 | 四川航天长征装备制造有限公司 | Box sealing circumferential weld repair welding method based on back-pumping friction stir welding process |
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