CN106735221A - A kind of laser-impact forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method and device - Google Patents

A kind of laser-impact forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106735221A
CN106735221A CN201710103167.4A CN201710103167A CN106735221A CN 106735221 A CN106735221 A CN 106735221A CN 201710103167 A CN201710103167 A CN 201710103167A CN 106735221 A CN106735221 A CN 106735221A
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China
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laser
impact
cladding layer
metal
printing
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张永康
张峥
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53Nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/32Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/36Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/36Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/368Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/37Process control of powder bed aspects, e.g. density
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C21D10/005Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248Thermal after-treatment
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of laser-impact and forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method, including:Fusion of the thermal source to metal dust is carried out according to default 3D printing filling scanning pattern, and forms the cladding layer of workpiece;Temperature province to being best suitable for plastic deformation on the cladding layer carries out laser-impact treatment, and carrying out impact to the cladding layer with the shock wave induced using laser-impact is forged;Each layer cladding layer is successively stacked, and forms workpiece.Laser-impact disclosed in this invention forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method, after thermal source fusing metal powder forms cladding layer, and then laser-impact treatment is carried out to the cladding layer, the shock wave induced using laser-impact is carried out impact and forged to cladding layer, eliminate stomata present in cladding layer, do not merge and the defect such as shrinkage cavity, improve inside parts quality.Metal 3D printing composite manufacturing device is forged invention additionally discloses a kind of laser-impact, its advantage is as described above.

Description

A kind of laser-impact forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method and device
Technical field
The present invention relates to 3D printing technique field, more particularly to a kind of laser-impact forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing side Method.Metal 3D printing composite manufacturing device is forged the invention further relates to a kind of laser-impact.
Background technology
3D printing technique is the main way of realization of " increasing material manufacturing ", is different from traditional " removal " manufacture, it is not necessary to former Embryo and mould, directly according to computer graphics data, the object of any shape are generated by the method for increasing material.Metal parts 3D printing technique, as forward position and most potential technology the most in whole 3D printing system, is the important hair of advanced manufacturing technology Exhibition direction.
The 3D printing method for being presently available for directly manufacturing metal function structural member mainly has:Precinct laser fusion (Selective Laser Melting, SLM), laser net shape manufacturing (Laser Engineered Net Shaping, LENS) and Electron beam selective melting (Electron Beam Selective Melting, EBSM).Wherein LENS methods are in laser melting coating skill A kind of metal parts 3D printing technique grown up on the basis of art (Laser Cladding), in, high power laser The metal dust of the synchronous supply of fusing, according to desired guiding trajectory layer by layer deposition on substrate, ultimately forms metal parts.
However, the high equipment of metal 3D printing technique and manufacturing cost limit its promotion and application, and 3D beats The accessory size of printing apparatus shaping is limited in scope, it is more difficult to realize the increasing material manufacturing of the large-scale integrated member of aviation.What is more important, Metal 3D printing technique has the disadvantage that:Cause mechanical performance not enough due to internal flaw, internal flaw includes stomata, not Fusion and shrinkage porosite etc..Stomata is because powder adsorption air or powder parcel gas fail ease in time in the process of setting of molten bath Go out, stay in the stomata formed in solidified structure.Do not merge be due in 3D printing forming process technological parameter set it is unreasonable, The bad defect of fusion that is fine and close metallurgical and producing is not formed between each cladding layer.Stomata and incomplete fusion defect are that load-carrying construction part is caused The tired germinating source of life, causes metal 3D printing parts reliability to there is hidden danger.
Therefore, how by metal 3D printing technique manufacture metal parts when, stomata is avoided as far as possible, do not merge and Shrinkage porosite problem, is those skilled in the art's technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
The content of the invention
Metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method is forged it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of laser-impact, can be avoided as far as possible Stomata, do not merge and shrinkage porosite problem, improve the mechanical performance and fatigue strength of metal parts.It is a further object of the present invention to provide A kind of laser-impact forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing device.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of laser-impact forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method, Including:
Fusion of the thermal source to metal dust is carried out according to default 3D printing filling scanning pattern, and forms the cladding of workpiece Layer;
Laser-impact treatment is carried out to the cladding layer, the cladding layer is entered with the shock wave induced using laser-impact Row impact is forged;
Each layer cladding layer is successively stacked, and forms workpiece.
Preferably, before fusion of the thermal source to metal dust is carried out according to default 3D printing filling scanning pattern, also Including:
3D printing filling scanning pattern is generated according to part model.
Preferably, 3D printing filling scanning pattern is generated according to part model, is specifically included:
Slicing delamination is carried out to part model, to obtain the contour shape in each layering section, further according to the wheel profile Shape generates the 3D printing filling scanning pattern of each layer cladding layer.
Preferably, when carrying out thermal source to the fusion of metal dust according to 3D printing filling scanning pattern, in the gold The inert gas for preventing it from aoxidizing is conveyed in category powder.
Preferably, when carrying out thermal source to the fusion of metal dust according to 3D printing filling scanning pattern, control is described The usage amount of metal dust, so that the thickness of the cladding layer for being formed accounts for the 1%~2% of workpiece height.
Preferably, formed after workpiece, also included:
Heat engine coupling numerical value emulation is carried out to workpiece, and determines the residual stress concentrations region of workpiece;
The stress distribution situation in residual stress concentrations region on measurement workpiece, and laser-impact treatment is carried out to it accordingly, To eliminate harmful tension.
The present invention also provides a kind of laser-impact and forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing device, including workbench, is arranged at Heat source spray nozzle fortune synchronous with the heat source spray nozzle thereon and for being moved according to default 3D printing filling scanning pattern It is dynamic and for metal dust is sprayed so that thermal source fused and formed cladding layer powder-feeding nozzle and the heat source spray nozzle it is same Step is moved and for carrying out laser-impact treatment to the cladding layer with the shock wave using laser-impact induction to the cladding Layer impact the laser nozzle for forging.
Preferably, also including being connected with the powder-feeding nozzle, for the addition in metal dust the inertia of its oxidation is prevented The protection tracheae of gas.
Preferably, also including being arranged on the workbench, for detecting the cladding layer temperature temperature sensor, with And be connected with the temperature sensor signal, the temperature control of outlet temperature for controlling the heat source spray nozzle according to its detected value Device processed.
Preferably, also including being connected with the temperature sensor signal, for carrying out heat engine to workpiece according to its detected value Coupling numerical value emulation determining the stress simulation module in the residual stress concentrations region of workpiece, and according to the stress simulation mould The stress mornitoring module of the stress distribution situation in residual stress concentrations region on the simulation result measurement workpiece of block, and the stress Detection module is connected with the laser nozzle signal, so that it is carried out according to the testing result of the stress mornitoring module to workpiece Laser-impact is processed and eliminates harmful tension.
Laser-impact provided by the present invention forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method, mainly includes three steps, point It is not:Fusion of the thermal source to metal dust is carried out according to default 3D printing filling scanning pattern, and forms the cladding layer of workpiece; Laser-impact treatment is carried out to the cladding layer, impact forging is carried out to the cladding layer with the shock wave induced using laser-impact Beat;Each layer cladding layer is successively stacked, and forms workpiece.Laser-impact provided by the present invention forges metal 3D printing and is combined Manufacture method, in the first step, thermal source is fused according to preset path to metal dust, so as in default 3D printing filling The cladding layer of workpiece is formed on scanning pattern, the cladding layer is a certain thickness x cross sectional of workpiece, several cladding layers stacking It completely form workpiece.In second step, when cladding layer is formed, the laser-impact treatment to cladding layer is followed by carried out, due to Can produce shock wave to stress object during laser-impact treatment, and interior of articles can be transferred to, at the same exist in cladding layer stomata, Do not merge carries out impact and forges with the defect such as shrinkage cavity, the shock wave for so being induced using laser-impact to cladding layer so that gas Hole etc. is padded.In the third step, after the laser-impact treatment of every layer of cladding layer is completed, each layer cladding layer is stacked gradually, And form complete workpiece.In sum, laser-impact provided by the present invention forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method, After thermal source fusing metal powder forms cladding layer, laser-impact treatment and then is carried out to the cladding layer, lured using laser-impact The shock wave led carries out impact and forges to cladding layer, eliminates stomata present in cladding layer, does not merge and the defect such as shrinkage cavity, carries Inside parts quality high.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing The accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this Inventive embodiment, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also basis The accompanying drawing of offer obtains other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of specific embodiment provided by the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of structure chart of specific embodiment provided by the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the microstructure and laser-impact handling principle schematic diagram of cladding layer.
Wherein, in Fig. 2-Fig. 3:
Workbench -1, heat source spray nozzle -2, powder-feeding nozzle -3, tracheae -5, TEMP are protected in laser nozzle -4 Device -6, temperature controller -7, stress simulation module -8, stress mornitoring module -9, fusion metallic crystal -10, shock wave - 11, stomata -12, plasma -13, metal dust -14, molten bath -15, cladding layer -16.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 is refer to, Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of specific embodiment provided by the present invention.
In a kind of specific embodiment provided by the present invention, laser-impact forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method Mainly include three steps, respectively:Fusion of the thermal source to metal dust is carried out according to default 3D printing filling scanning pattern, And form the cladding layer of workpiece;Laser-impact treatment is carried out to the cladding layer, with the shock wave pair induced using laser-impact The cladding layer carries out impact and forges;Each layer cladding layer is successively stacked, and forms workpiece.
Wherein, in the first step, thermal source needs to fuse metal dust according to preset path, so as in default 3D The cladding layer of workpiece is formed on printing filling scanning pattern, the cladding layer is a certain thickness x cross sectional of workpiece, several cladding layers Stacking can completely form workpiece.The 3D printing is filled scanning pattern and is determined by the features of shape etc. of workpiece, such as workpiece is spiral shell When female, its 3D printing filling scanning pattern is hexagon.When thermal source works, substantial amounts of heat is produced, enough melt metal dust Change, and will be mutually fused after a certain amount of fusion of metal powder, so as to form one layer of cladding on 3D printing filling scanning pattern Layer.
Obviously, the cladding layer has certain thickness.Preferably, the thickness of the cladding layer can account for workpiece height 1%~ 2%, it is thus desirable to the mutual stacking of 50~100 layers of cladding layer could form complete workpiece.The cladding layer thickness of the ratio, For most of metal works, every layer of intensity and structural stability of cladding layer are ensured enough, while also improving cladding The quantity of layer so that workpiece is fine enough for the division of cladding layer, and printing precision is higher.And for the thickness control of cladding layer System, it is general, can be completed by way of the usage amount for controlling metal dust, specifically, can be fixed by stepper motor and powder Amount controller is realized.Powder quantitative controller is arranged in the outlet of powder tank, is controlled by the precise rotation to stepper motor, Rate of discharge limitation of the powder quantitative controller to powder tank is accurately controlled, so as to control the metal dust amount of outflow.
Scanning pattern is filled on the 3D printing, if workpiece to be printed is standard component, such as bolt etc., then can use Known path.But for the workpiece of non-standard component, then need to initially set up path.Specifically, carrying out thermal source Before to the fusion of metal dust, 3D printing filling scanning pattern can be generated according to part model first.Part model can be three Formed in dimension modeling software, shape and structure and size according to workpiece etc. set up dummy model, afterwards in 3 d modeling software Calculating analysis is carried out with reference to the concrete structure of workpiece, at restrictive condition (such as shortest path or metal dust usage amount minimum etc.) Constraint under draw optimal path, i.e., the 3D printing filling scanning pattern of current workpiece.
Specifically, slicing delamination can be carried out to part model first, general thickness is divided equally, every layer of thickness can parameter it is foregoing Thickness setting unit.After part model layering, the contour shape in each layering section can be obtained, each layering is cut again afterwards The contour shape in face is scanned, is fitted, you can obtain the 3D printing filling scanning pattern of each layer cladding layer.
In second step, when cladding layer is formed, the laser-impact treatment to cladding layer is followed by carried out, due to laser punching Shock wave can be produced to stress object, and can be transferred to interior of articles, when hitting treatment while there is stomata in cladding layer, not merging With the defect such as shrinkage cavity, the shock wave for so being induced using laser-impact carries out impact and forges to cladding layer so that stomata is all The metal alloying thing for enclosing is filled up, and is also excluded simultaneously while promote incomplete fusion part to be fused again, the problems such as shrinkage cavity.Specifically , in this step, laser-impact treatment can concentrate on the temperature province that plastic deformation is best suitable on cladding layer, i.e., on cladding layer Relative temperature region higher.
In the process, it is contemplated that the temperature of metal dust is higher, to avoid the oxygen in air from causing metal dust Oxidation effectiveness, the present embodiment conveys inert gas, such as helium etc. in metal dust.
In the third step, after the laser-impact treatment of every layer of cladding layer is completed, each layer cladding layer is stacked gradually, and shape Into complete workpiece.
In this way, the laser-impact that the present embodiment is provided forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method, gold is melted in thermal source After category powder forms cladding layer, laser-impact treatment and then is carried out to the cladding layer, the shock wave induced using laser-impact Impact is carried out to cladding layer to forge, eliminate stomata present in cladding layer, do not merge and the defect such as shrinkage cavity, improve inside parts Quality.
Furthermore, it is contemplated that metal 3D printing shaping is the process of the instantaneous fusing of metal, solidification and cooling, workpiece cuts Face different parts heat transfer efficiency is different, and core material cooling is relatively slow, and skin-material cooling is very fast, and heat affecting heterogeneous is easily produced Raw residual stress and deformation, have a strong impact on part geometry size and mechanical property.Therefore, the present embodiment is after workpiece is formed, Heat engine coupling numerical value emulation is carried out to workpiece, with the residual stress concentrations region of this determination workpiece.Specifically, can be with real time temperature Based on data, bond material attribute, thermal source running parameter, scan characteristic, shaping atmosphere and shaping geometrical feature enter row metal The heat engine coupling numerical value emulation of 3D printing, and then determine the residual stress concentrations region of workpiece.In general, such region is work Size mutation or the less part of radius of curvature on part.
After determining the residual stress concentrations region of workpiece, the stress distribution situation of workpiece can be measured in the subregion, And then laser-impact treatment is carried out to it accordingly, eliminate harmful tension.Specifically, (X-ray can be tested using XRD Diffraction, X-ray diffraction) measure stress types, the stress amplitude in residual stress concentrations region etc. on workpiece.Afterwards, i.e., The parameter of laser-impact can be controlled according to measurement result, harmful tension that controllable residual compressive stress eliminates amplitude is loaded.
As shown in Fig. 2 Fig. 2 is a kind of structure chart of specific embodiment provided by the present invention.
In a kind of specific embodiment provided by the present invention, laser-impact forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing device Mainly include workbench 1, heat source spray nozzle 2, powder-feeding nozzle 3 and laser nozzle 4.
Wherein, the workbench of the concretely Three Degree Of Freedom of workbench 1, heat source spray nozzle 2, powder-feeding nozzle 3 and laser nozzle 4 are equal It is arranged on workbench 1, specifically, the outlet of heat source spray nozzle 2 has certain height apart from the Workpiece shaping region on the surface of workbench 1 Degree, is mainly used in being moved according to default 3D printing filling scanning pattern.The thermal source of the heat source spray nozzle 2 is alternatively laser, Can certainly be flame or electric energy etc..
Powder-feeding nozzle 3 is synchronized with the movement with heat source spray nozzle 2, is mainly used in spraying metal dust 14, and spray heat source spray nozzle 2 The heat for going out melts metal dust 14.Specifically, the powder-feeding nozzle 3 can be coaxially disposed with heat source spray nozzle 2, that is, it is circumferentially positioned at The circumferential direction of heat source spray nozzle 2, by the position metal injection powder 14 that four circumferential centers are downward, such metal dust 14 is once spray The export center position of heat source spray nozzle 2 is converged to after going out.The entrance of powder-feeding nozzle 3 can be connected with powder tank, will by pipeline Metal dust 14 is delivered in powder-feeding nozzle 3.Meanwhile, powder quantitative controller can be also set up in the outlet of powder tank, by stepping The working condition of motor control powder quantitative controller.The effect of the powder quantitative controller is similar to the control in hydraulic system Valve, accurately controls the flow of the metal dust 14 flowed out from powder tank.
Furthermore, it is contemplated that metal dust in high temperature easily by the problem of the dioxygen oxidation in air, the present embodiment is in powder The porch of tank is additionally arranged protection tracheae 5.The protection tracheae 5 can be introduced inert gas into powder tank, and and metal dust Mixing simultaneously from powder-feeding nozzle 3 spray, so due to the presence of inert gas, effectively prevent metal dust be oxidized ask Topic.
As shown in figure 3, microstructures and laser-impact handling principle schematic diagram of the Fig. 3 for cladding layer.
Laser nozzle 4 is arranged on workbench 1, is also synchronized with the movement with heat source spray nozzle 2.Can be ejected in laser nozzle 4 Superlaser, after the cladding layer 16 that heat source spray nozzle 2 and powder-feeding nozzle 3 cooperatively form workpiece, sprays in laser nozzle 4 Laser, laser-impact treatment is carried out to cladding layer 16.When the laser in laser nozzle 4 is ejected into 16 surface of cladding layer, will produce Raw plasma 13, while induction is produced into shock wave 11, and is delivered in the internal structure of cladding layer 16, is equivalent to cladding Layer 16 carries out impact and forges so that the stomata 12 existed between the fusion metallic crystal 10 inside cladding layer 16 is gradually around melted Alloy category is filled, while incomplete fusion and shrinkage cavity phenomenon can also fade away under the percussion of shock wave.
In addition, the present embodiment is also additionally arranged temperature sensor 6 and temperature controller 7 on workbench 1.Specifically, the temperature Spend temperature of the sensor 6 mainly for detection of cladding layer.And temperature controller 7 is connected with the signal of temperature sensor 6, it is mainly used in Detected value according to temperature sensor 6 controls the outlet temperature of heat source spray nozzle 2 so that the temperature of the cladding layer of formation is compound to be expected It is required that.
Moreover, the present embodiment is also additionally arranged stress simulation module 8 and stress mornitoring module 9 on workbench 1.Its In, stress simulation module 8 is connected with the signal of temperature sensor 6, is mainly used in entering workpiece according to the detected value of temperature sensor 6 Row heat engine coupling numerical value emulation, to determine the residual stress concentrations region of workpiece.Stress mornitoring module 9 and stress simulation module 8 Signal is connected, and is mainly used in being answered in the residual stress concentrations region of workpiece according to the simulation result of stress simulation module 8 The detection of power distribution situation, such as stress types and stress amplitude etc..Also, the stress mornitoring module 9 connects with the signal of laser nozzle 4 Connect, in this way, may be such that laser nozzle 4 can carry out laser-impact treatment according to the testing result of stress mornitoring module 9 to workpiece, Main harmful tension that amplitude is eliminated by loading controllable residual compressive stress, so so that workpiece formed after major part In the absence of prominent stress concentration phenomenon in region, printing precision, structural strength and the service life of workpiece are improved.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, enables professional and technical personnel in the field to realize or uses the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent for those skilled in the art, as defined herein General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, the present invention The embodiments shown herein is not intended to be limited to, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein and features of novelty phase one The scope most wide for causing.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of laser-impact forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method, it is characterised in that including:
Fusion of the thermal source to metal dust is carried out according to default 3D printing filling scanning pattern, and forms the cladding layer of workpiece;
Laser-impact treatment is carried out to the cladding layer, the cladding layer is rushed with the shock wave induced using laser-impact Hit and forge;
Each layer cladding layer is successively stacked, and forms workpiece.
2. laser-impact according to claim 1 forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method, it is characterised in that according to Before default 3D printing filling scanning pattern carries out thermal source to the fusion of metal dust, also include:
3D printing filling scanning pattern is generated according to part model.
3. laser-impact according to claim 2 forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method, it is characterised in that according to work Part model generation 3D printing filling scanning pattern, specifically includes:
Slicing delamination is carried out to part model, to obtain the contour shape in each layering section, further according to contour shape life Scanning pattern is filled in 3D printing into each layer cladding layer.
4. laser-impact according to claim 3 forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method, it is characterised in that according to institute When stating 3D printing filling scanning pattern and carrying out thermal source to the fusion of metal dust, conveyed for preventing it in the metal dust The inert gas of oxidation.
5. laser-impact according to claim 4 forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method, it is characterised in that according to institute When stating 3D printing filling scanning pattern and carrying out thermal source to the fusion of metal dust, the usage amount of the metal dust is controlled, so that The thickness of the cladding layer of formation accounts for the 1%~2% of workpiece height.
6. laser-impact according to claim 5 forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method, it is characterised in that form work After part, also include:
Heat engine coupling numerical value emulation is carried out to workpiece, and determines the residual stress concentrations region of workpiece;
The stress distribution situation in residual stress concentrations region on measurement workpiece, and laser-impact treatment is carried out to it accordingly, to disappear Except harmful tension.
7. a kind of laser-impact forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing device, it is characterised in that including workbench (1), be arranged at Heat source spray nozzle (2) and the heat source spray nozzle (2) thereon and for being moved according to default 3D printing filling scanning pattern It is synchronized with the movement and for metal dust to be sprayed so that thermal source is fused and forms the powder-feeding nozzle (3) of cladding layer and described Heat source spray nozzle (2) is synchronized with the movement and for carrying out impact of the laser-impact treatment to be induced using laser-impact to the cladding layer Ripple carries out impacting the laser nozzle for forging (4) to the cladding layer.
8. laser-impact according to claim 7 forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing device, it is characterised in that also include Connected with the powder-feeding nozzle (3), in metal dust addition prevent its aoxidize inert gas protection tracheae (5).
9. laser-impact according to claim 8 forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing device, it is characterised in that also include Be arranged on the workbench (1), the temperature sensor (6) for detecting the cladding layer temperature, and with the temperature pass The connection of sensor (6) signal, the temperature controller (7) for the outlet temperature according to its detected value control heat source spray nozzle (2).
10. laser-impact according to claim 9 forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing device, it is characterised in that also wrap Include be connected with the temperature sensor (6) signal, for carrying out heat engine coupling numerical value emulation to workpiece with true according to its detected value Determine the stress simulation module (8) in the residual stress concentrations region of workpiece, and according to the emulation knot of the stress simulation module (8) The stress mornitoring module (9) of the stress distribution situation in residual stress concentrations region on fruit measurement workpiece, and the stress mornitoring mould Block (9) is connected with the laser nozzle (4) signal so that its according to the testing result of the stress mornitoring module (9) to workpiece Laser-impact is carried out to process and eliminate harmful tension.
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