CN1067326C - 用于拉坯吹塑机各种驱动装置的空气加工方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于拉坯吹塑机各种驱动装置的空气加工方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN1067326C
CN1067326C CN96102363A CN96102363A CN1067326C CN 1067326 C CN1067326 C CN 1067326C CN 96102363 A CN96102363 A CN 96102363A CN 96102363 A CN96102363 A CN 96102363A CN 1067326 C CN1067326 C CN 1067326C
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CN1147446A (zh
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池田实
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Aoki Technical Laboratory Inc
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/08—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
    • B29C49/10—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding using mechanical means for prestretching
    • B29C49/12—Stretching rods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C49/783—Measuring, controlling or regulating blowing pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F15B11/064—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor involving features specific to the use of a compressible medium, e.g. air, steam with devices for saving the compressible medium
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    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
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    • B29C2949/0715—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
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    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C49/4284—Means for recycling or reusing auxiliaries or materials, e.g. blowing fluids or energy
    • B29C49/42845—Recycling or reusing of fluid, e.g. pressure
    • B29C49/42855—Blowing fluids, e.g. reducing fluid consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/45—Control of bleed-off flow, e.g. control of bypass flow to the return line
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Abstract

为了利用拉坯杆将注塑的预成型料在轴向拉坯并将其在吹塑模中吹塑成空心产品如具有预定形状的容器，将一些用过之后的吹气收集在与高压吹气罐分开安装的低压加工空气罐中和操作回路作中的选择阀，并使用收集的空气作为气缸的部分加工空气，用干涉及通过气缸拉坯吹塑的操作装置。通过收集用过的吹气来减少压缩机的使用率，使得有可能削减用于压缩空气所需的成本并减少排气噪音。

Description

用于拉坯吹塑机各种驱动装置的空气加工方法和系统
本发明涉及用于拉坯吹塑机各种驱动装置的空气加工方法和空气加工系统，供在剥离预成型料之后或再加热剥离的预成型料后，立即将欲注塑的预成型料模塑成空心产品，如薄壁容器。
一般地说，采用气缸装置作为各种驱动装置，以将注塑的预成型料拉坯吹塑成容器或类似产品。
图2为用于将注塑的预成型料拉坯吹塑成薄壁容器的模塑机示意图，其中涉及模塑的各种驱动装置，如：吹塑芯杆的垂直移动装置1，拉坯杆的伸长装置2，吹塑芯杆的固定装置3，产品的剥离装置4和传送板的定位装置5，这些装置分别用气缸装置11、12、13、14和15操作。吹塑模7的底模8虽然图中未画出，也由气缸根据产品6的底部结构垂直移动。
在上述拉坯吹塑机的情况下，当被颈模16(该颈模位于转移板10的下表面，能转动地置于支承板9的下表面)夹住的预成型料17通过间断转动传送板10到达敞口的吹塑模7时，将约10千克力/cm2的加工空气供给定位装置5的气缸装置15的上室，由此，销钉15a向下伸出，并进入传送板10的定位孔，因而吹塑模7和颈模16就被定好位置。
当定位操作完成时，传送板10和支承板9一起通过操作液压动力装置降下，以使预成型料17降低到吹塑模7的中心。然后，利用液压压力关闭吹塑模7，使得紧挨着颈模16。因此，预成型料17位于关闭的吹塑模7的中心。
当模具关闭操作完成时，将加工空气供给用于吹塑芯杆垂直移动装置1的气缸装置11的上室，然后活塞杆11a向下移动，以使吹塑芯杆18降下置于活塞杆前端处底板11b的下表面，及使拉坯杆的伸长装置2降下置于底板11b的上表面。因此，已插入拉坯杆19的吹塑芯杆18被插入颈模16中，并且其位置由用于吹塑芯杆的固定装置3的气缸装置13的活塞杆(图中未画出)固定，以便下一步用空气操作。这种固定操作通过将活塞杆的最前端装配到用于拉坯杆伸长装置2的框架2a的侧面来完成。
当吹塑芯杆18的位置已固定时，将加工空气供给用于拉坯杆的伸长装置2的气缸装置12的上室，连接到活塞杆12a前端的拉坯杆19利用穿过吹塑芯杆18和该杆12a一起降低，而预成型料被拉坯杆19成轴向拉坯。与上述拉坯操作同时，或是比上述拉坯操作稍后，将20-30千克力/cm2的高压空气从吹塑芯杆供给到预成型料17中，并且该预成型料17在模腔中完全膨胀，并模塑成如图2所示的产品6。
当模塑操作完成时，吹塑用过的全部高压空气都排入大气，此外，打开吹塑模7并向上移开支承板9和传送板10。进而将加工空气供给到气缸装置11和12的下室，通过向上移动活塞杆11a和12a从吹塑模中剥离产品6，并从颈模16中取出吹塑芯杆18，并将其向上提升到原先位置。
当定位被取消后，通过转动传送板10，将颈模16向上移动到产品剥离装置4的位置并停在那儿时，再按上述相同的方式完成定位操作，将加工空气供给气缸装置14的上室，并且活塞杆14a向下移动。在活塞杆14a的前端有扩张件14b，并且该前端部分14b被插入颈模16中，以便强行打开由一对分瓣模组成的颈模16于是剥离产品6。与剥离操作同时，所传送过来的预成型料在吹塑模7位置处被拉坯吹塑。剥离产品6之后，通过供给气缸装置14下室的加工空气，气缸装置14使活塞杆向上活动以使该扩张件14b返回其原先位置，并能使传送板10转动。
因此，在本发明的情况下，上述各种驱动装置被定义为涉及拉坯吹塑的各种驱动装置。而且，为了将吹气压力与加工空气的压力区分开，将吹气定义为高压空气，而将加工空气定义为低压空气。
当气缸装置被用于涉及拉坯吹塑的各种驱动装置时，由压缩机压缩的高压空气被储存在气罐中，并且该空气分别作高压吹气和低压加工空气用。因此，由于在一个模塑周期中极大地消耗了储存在气罐中的压缩空气，所以有一个压缩机必须频繁开动的问题。另外，还有一个由于吹塑用的高压空气完全被排放掉，引起的噪音的问题。
回收利用一些高压吹气作为低压空气已在日本专利公开申请的政府公报No.7-195501(或EP0655313A1)中公开发表，并且回收利用高压工作空气作为低压工作空气已在日本专利公开申请的政府公报No.7-251443(或EP0655314A1)中公开发表。在前一种情况下，将用于膨胀预成型料的高压空气供给低压空气气源，而将来自低压空气气源的低压空气用于在供给高压吹气之前，补充调节拉坯吹塑预成型料或初步模塑预成型料的空气压力。在这种情况下，涉及拉坯吹塑的空气压力型驱动装置由从公开的加工空气气源供给的加工空气操作。
在后一种情况下，除涉及拉坯吹塑的空气压力操作的元件的主工作空气源之外，还使用具有低压水平的辅助工作空气源来自主加工空气源的空气用于操作该空气压力操作的元件，之后排放到辅助加工空气源，以完成第二次空气操作，例如采用由辅助加工空气源供给的低压水平的加工空气回复拉坯杆。
另外，在这些前述技术的情况下，用于一次操作的高压空气被回收利用，作为用于另一次操作的低压空气。因此，将吹塑用的高压空气作为吹塑用的低压空气使用，并将驱动装置用的高压空气作为驱动装置用的低压空气使用。但是，用于吹塑的高压空气还不能回收利用作为其使用压力比吹气压力低的各种驱动装置的空气驱动源。
即使在吹塑之后排放到大气中的用过的吹气具有高的压力，但利用压力差将用过的吹气收集到单独准备的工作空气罐中的数量受限。
此外，不可能通过收集空气来补偿加工空气的全部消耗，而一般只能完成部分补充。因此，当重复消耗空气时，由于空气消耗与收集的空气量之间的差使加工空气量减少。除非通过某种手段补充这种减少，否则回收利用用过的吹气作为各种驱动装置的加工空气是很困难的。
本发明解决了下述常规的问题，如：压缩机的频繁操作，用于压缩空气所需的成本，和由于回收吹塑预成型料之后全部排出的用过的吹气作为加工空气而产生的排放噪音。
本发明的目的是解决当将用于吹塑颈成型料的高压空气收集到低压工作空气罐中时与用过的吹气有关的问题，该低压空气罐与涉及拉坯吹塑的各种驱动装置的工作空气的高压吹气罐分开的，采用压缩机将压缩空气供给吹气罐，以便能将收集到的吹气回收利用作为工作空气并能降低压缩机利用率的方法和系统(甚至该压缩机用于两个气罐时也是如此)，因此削减了压缩空气所需的成本并降低了排气噪音。
为了气动地操作各种驱动装置，用以将注塑的预成型料模塑成空心产品，如具有预定形状的容器，通过拉坯杆将预成型料拉坯并通过将高压空气吹入吹塑模中而使预成型料膨胀，在本发明的空气加工方法中，为实现上述目的，采用了一个用于使预成型料膨胀的高压吹气罐，一个用于操作涉及上述拉坯吹塑的各种驱动装置的低压加工空气罐、和一个压缩机用于将压缩空气供给上述两个气罐。
在吹气罐中的空气供给到吹塑模中以使预成型料膨胀成预定形状后，将用过的吹气收集到加工空气罐中(储存于其中的空气为操作各种驱动装置而消耗了)，直至该工作空气罐用收集到的吹气饱和时为止。通过将压缩空气从压缩机供给加工空气罐，以便有效地回收一些用过的吹气作为加工空气，实现了对由于空气消耗和收集到的空气量之间的差异而产生加工空气减少的补偿。
上述涉及拉坯吹塑的各种驱动装置包括：一个吹气芯杆的垂直移动装置，一个拉坯杆的伸长装置，一个吹气芯杆的固定装置，一个传送板的定位装置和一个产品的剥离装置，其中每个装置通过气缸中的活塞往复运动，并且气缸中每个驱动装置的活塞通过收集在工作空气罐中用过的吹气作往复运动。
本发明用于各种驱动装置的空气工作系统包括：吹气装置，该吹气装置是通过连接吹气芯杆(用于将高压空气注入吹塑模内的预成型料中，以使预成型料膨胀)和吹气罐(用于通过装备有选择阀的吹气回路总是储择存预定量高压空气)及将装备有选择阀的排气回路连接到吹气回路的吹气芯杆侧面而组成的；工作装置，它由通过装备有减压阀和选择阀的工作空气回路，连接涉及拉坯吹塑预成型料的各种驱动装置的气缸装置和低压加工空气罐组成；空气收集回路，它装备有连接到工作空气罐和吹气回路上的选择阀，以便将吹气回路中用过的吹气收集到加工空气罐作为加工空气；和连接到吹气罐和加工空气罐上的压缩机，以便在通过回路中安装的减压阀将经过压缩的低压空气供给加工空气罐时，将压缩空气供给吹气罐。
此外，通过加工空气回路连接到低压加工空气罐中的各种驱动装置中的每个装置，均装备有气缸装置，并且有用于每个气缸装置的选择阀，该气缸装置受其压力低于吹气压力的加工空气作用而作往复运动。
本发明中的方法和系统可用于通常称做一步法或热型坯法的模塑方法和系统及通常称做二步法或冷型坯法的模塑方法和系统二种当中的任一种，一步法或热型坯法用于将预成型料连续注塑并将该预成型料拉坯吹塑成空心产品如容器，而二步法或冷型坯法用于暂时存放注塑好的预成型料，并在其后重新加热该预成型料以将该预成型料拉坯吹塑成产品如容器。
根据本发明，回收利用上述吹塑预成型料之后排出的高压空气，通过利用压差将空气收集在加工空气罐中，并利用压缩机升高压力补偿所收集空气压力的不足，能够避免在空气消耗量最大时空气压力降低，由于压缩机的使用率减少而削减压缩空气的成本，由于间歇率增加而延长了维护周期，并且由于故障数减少和排入大气的空气量减少而解决了排气噪音问题。
此外，本发明的空气加工系统在结构上与常规系统相比并不复杂，或者不需要特殊的装置来操作该系统，因为加工空气罐连接到压缩机上和与吹气罐分开的吹气回路中，并且只有减压阀和选择阀被安装到压缩机和回路中。
图1为本发明的拉坯吹塑机空气工作系统实施例图解说明；
图2为本发明所运用的装备有各种驱动装置的拉坯吹塑机的示意剖面图。
在图1中，数字20代表压缩机，用于储存高压空气(20～30千克力/cm2)的吹气罐21和用于储存低压空气(11～15千克力/cm2)的工作空气罐22经过空气压缩回路和空气供给回路23与24同该压缩机连接。此外，空气压缩和空气供给回路24装备有减压阀25，以将低压空气供给加工空气罐22和止逆阀25a。
吹气回路26装备有选择阀27，该回路26被安装在吹气罐21和吹塑模7的吹塑芯杆18之间，而排气回路29装备有选择阀28，该回路29连接到吹气回路26的吹塑芯杆侧面。
加工空气罐22通过空气收集回路32与吹气回路26连接，该空气收集回路装备有选择阀30和止逆阀31，此外，该工作空气罐22还通过加工空气回路33与用于吹塑芯杆的垂直移动装置1的气缸装置11连接，该吹气芯杆安装到该拉坯吹塑机上及图2所示与模塑有关的其它驱动装置上。
加工空气回路33按顺序装备有减压阀34、过滤器35、和选择阀36，利用减压阀34将加工空气罐22中的加工空气减压到一预定的压力，并流入加工空气回路33。
虽然在图1中示出一个选择阀36，但该选择阀36被安装到图2所示的每个驱动装置上。因此，在用于吹塑芯杆的垂直移动装置1中，加工空气通过气缸装置11的活塞交替供给到空气室(分上室和下室)中，并且活塞杆11a完成套筒式运动。
工作空气罐22装备有阀38，用于将收集的空气的压力控制到15千克力/cm2。此外，在每个空气回路中的选择阀27、28、30和36分别使用一个电磁阀。
上述空气罐21和22分别储存由压缩机20压缩的高压吹气和低压工作空气。当吹气回路26的选择阀27打开而其它的选择阀28和30关闭时，高压空气从吹气罐21供给吹塑芯杆18，以使预成型料9在吹塑模7的模腔中完全膨胀。
图1示出用于吹塑的高压空气被排出的情况，并且该过程进行到吹塑模7打开。与该塑模打开的同时，加工空气从加工空气罐22供入吹气芯杆的固定装置3的气缸装置、吹气芯杆的垂直移动装置1、拉坯杆的伸长装置2、传送板10的定位装置5和产品的剥离装置4，以便按顺序完成解除固定状态、提起吹气芯杆和拉坯杆、和降下膨胀元件。
当在图1中的排气过程之前完成吹塑时，通过关闭选择阀27以停止供给吹气，同时打开选择阀30以使吹气回路26与工作空气罐22连结，高压空气通过回路26和罐22之间产生的压差打开止逆阀31，并流入加工空气罐22中被收集。
此时，由于空气已被消耗用于操作上述驱动装置，所以储存在加工空气罐中的空气量减少，并且减少的空气量通过收集上述用过的吹气加以补充。这种收集气体的工作持续进行直至回路压力由于气体流入工作空气罐22而下降并达到平衡时为止，于是实现了仅靠回路压力几乎不能恢复的饱和的状态。但是，加工空气罐22的压力不能低于设定的压力，因此保持了合适的压力。
当达到饱和状态时，选择阀30关闭，使切断空气回路32，而排气回路29的选择阀28打开如图1所示。因此，还未被收集的空气被排入大气，而未用过的空气保留在吹气回路26中。
在加工空气罐22的情况下，罐的容积经常受到来自设定空间的观点的限制，并且在一个模塑周期中的吹气消耗取决于每一模塑周期同时生产的产品数。但是，利用收集的空气来补偿全部工作空气的消耗是不可能的，并且该收集的空气始终只是部分补充。因此，当空气重复消耗时，由于空气消耗量和收集的空气量之间的差异，而使工作空气减少。这种减少由空压机20供给的压缩空气补偿。
开动压缩机20，以将压缩空气供给吹气罐21。同时，压缩机20还将空气供给加工空气罐22。但是压缩空气供给加工空气罐22只是通过减压阀25才持续进行，直至空气压力达到设定的值时为止。而且，加工空气压力不能减少到每个模塑周期的设定值或更低。由于重复消耗空气而引起压力减小，所以在加工气罐22中的压力通过在此期间驱动压缩机20而保持在一设定值。因此，加工空气罐22保证了空气的压力，和足以按过程的顺序操作每个传动装置所需工作空气的量。
此外，和只用一个高压空气罐用于吹气和加工空气相比，由于加工空气罐22中消耗的空气被收集到的空气补充，所以压缩机20的操作时间减少，因此，间隙率增加。〔实施例〕
模塑机型号SB3-250LL
模塑周期15秒
生产的产品数/1个周期1.5升×4
压缩机1700升/分 ANR 22Kw 25千克力/cm2
罐容积每个30升<1>工作空气消耗(10千克力/cm2)544升/分 ANR<2>吹气消耗(22千克力/cm2)592升/分 ANR<3>收集的吹气(11千克力/cm2)290升/分 ANR<4>空气消耗总量544+592=1,136升/分 ANR<5>压缩机的使用效率(从排气量观点看)
Figure 9610236300121
<6>用过的吹气的利用率<7>成本减少
(1-49.76/66.82)×100=25.53％

Claims (7)

1．用于气动操作拉坯吹塑机各种驱动装置(11,12,13,14,15)的空气加工法，涉及通过用拉坯杆(19)将注射的预成型料(17)在轴向拉坯，并将高压空气吹入吹塑模(7)中使上述预成型料(17)膨胀，以模塑具有预定形状的空心制品(6)，上述方法包括以下步骤：应用高压吹气罐(21)使上述预成型料(17)膨胀，应用加工空气罐(22)操作上述有关拉坯吹塑的各种驱动装置(1、2、3、4、5)，应用压缩机(20)将压缩空气供给上述两种气罐；吹气回路(26)在吹气罐(21)和吹塑模(7)的吹塑芯杆(18)之间提供一个选择阀(27)；在排气回路(29)上设置一个选择阀(28)用来与吹气回路(26)连接；设置有选择阀(30)的空气回收回路(32)与加工空气罐(22)和吹气回路(26)两者联接以便从所述吹气回路收集用过的吹气送到所述加工空气罐(22)作为加工空气；设有减压阀(34)的一个加工空气回路(33)使得加工空气罐(22)与各种驱动装置(1,2,3,4,5)相连接；设有减压阀(25)的空气压缩回路和空气供给回路(23、24)向加工空气罐(22)提供低压空气；在高压空气通过吹气回路(26)从上述吹气罐(21)供给到上述吹塑模(7)中，使预成型料(17)膨胀成预定形状(17)之后，通过空气回收回路(33)为加工空气罐(22)收集用过的吹气，直至为操作上述各种驱动装置(1,2,3,4,5)而消耗空气的上述加工空气罐(22)被用过的吹气饱和时为止；而由于空气消耗量与收集的空气量之间的差异所引起的工作空气减少，通过减压阀(25)直到空气压力到达一确定的数值时，通过空气压缩回路和空气供给回路(23,24)从上述压缩机(20)将压缩空气供给上述加工空气罐(22)加以补偿；并且回收利用一些上述用过的吹气作为加工空气。
2．根据权利要求1所述的用于气动操作拉坯吹塑机各种驱动装置(11,12,13,14,15)的空气加工法，其特征在于，涉及拉坯吹塑的各种驱动装置包括：一个吹塑芯杆(18)的垂直移动装置，一个拉坯杆(19)的伸长装置，及一个吹塑芯杆(18)的固定装置，利用气缸的活塞使上述每个装置往复运动，利用收集在上述加工空气罐(22)中的用过的吹气使气缸的活塞往复运动。
3．根据权利要求1所述的用于气动操作拉坯吹塑机各种驱动装置(11,12,13,14,15)的空气加工法，其特征在于，涉及拉坯吹塑的各种驱动装置包括一个传送板的定位装置和一个产品的剥离装置，利用气缸的活塞使上述每个装置往复运动，利用收集在加工空气罐(22)中的用过的吹气使气缸的活塞往复运动。
4．用于拉坯吹塑机各种驱动装置(1,2,3,4,5)的空气加工系统包括：
吹气装置，它由连接吹气芯杆(18)，用于将高压空气注入吹塑模(7)内的预成型料(17)中，以使上述预成型料(17)膨胀，和吹气罐(21)，通过装备有选择阀(27)的吹气回路(26)总是储存预定量高压空气，将装备有选择阀(28)的排气回路(29)连接到上述吹气回路(26)的吹塑芯杆侧面组成；
加工装置，它由通过装备有减压阀(34)的加工空气回路(33)，连接涉及拉坯吹塑预成型料(17)的各种驱动装置(1,2,3,4,5)的气缸装置(11,12,13,14,15)和低压加工空气罐(22)组成；
空气收集回路(32)，它装备有连接到上述加工空气罐(22)和上述吹气回路(21)上的选择阀(30)，以便将上述吹气回路(32)中的用过的吹气收集到上述加工空气罐(22)作为加工空气；和
压缩机(20)，它连接到上述吹气罐(21)和上述加工气罐(22)中，通过带有减压阀(25)的空气压缩回路和空气供给回路(23,24)将压缩的高压空气供给上述吹气罐(21)，同时将压缩的低压空气供给上述加工空气。
5．根据权利要求4所述的用于拉坯吹塑机各种驱动装置(1,2,3,4,5)的空气加工系统，其特征在于，通过上述加工空气回路连接到低压加工空气罐(22)上的各种驱动装置中的每个装置，均装备有气缸装置并具有用于每个气缸装置的选择阀，该气缸装置受其压力低于吹气压力的加工空气作用而作往复运动。
6．根据权利要求4所述的用于拉坯吹塑机各种驱动装置(1,2,3,4,5)的空气加工系统，其特征在于，涉及拉坯吹塑的各种驱动装置包括：一个吹塑芯杆(18)的垂直活动装置、一个拉坯杆(19)的伸长装置、及一个吹塑芯杆(18)的固定装置，利用气缸的活塞使上述每个装置往复运动、利用收集在上述加工空气罐中的用过的吹气使气缸的活塞往复运动。
7．根据权利要求4所述的用于拉坯吹塑机各种驱动装置(1,2,3,4,5)的空气加工系统，其特征在于，涉及拉坯吹塑的各种驱动装置包括一个传送板的定位装置和一个产品的剥离装置，利用气缸的活塞使上述每个装置往复运动，利用收集在上述加工空气罐(22)中的用过的吹气使气缸的活塞往复运动。
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