CN106730005A - 一种角膜基质及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及角膜脱细胞技术领域,尤其涉及一种角膜基质及其制备方法。能够避免角膜的胶原基质在溶胀过程中过度拉伸和膨胀,保护了角膜的胶原结构。克服了现有技术中角膜在溶胀时,角膜的胶原基质急剧膨胀使得胶原结构损伤,从而使得角膜产品在临床使用过程中的整合时间和恢复透明时间较长的缺陷。本发明实施例提供一种角膜基质,所述角膜基质由角膜以及连接在所述角膜边缘一周的巩膜构成。本发明实施例用于角膜脱细胞。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及角膜脱细胞技术领域,尤其涉及一种角膜基质及其制备方法。
背景技术
角膜是位于眼球前壁的一层透明膜,占眼球外壁的1/6的角膜和巩膜一起构成眼球的外壁组织。角膜病是最为常见的致盲眼病之一,仅次于白内障,并且近年来呈不断增长的趋势。近年来,研究发现:动物的角膜基质具有与人角膜基质类似的组织结构、生物物理特性和光学性能,但免疫排斥反应、角膜移植等并发症阻碍了异种角膜在临床上的应用。
随着脱细胞技术的快速发展,通过对天然组织进行脱细胞以及去除抗原成分,保留天然组织中细胞外介质成分和空间结构,能够避免出现免疫排斥反应,目前,已有大量的实验表明:脱细胞的天然组织能够作为组织损伤修复应用于临床,并且能够取得良好的组织修复效果。
在现有技术中,对角膜进行脱细胞的方法多种多样,在对角膜进行脱细胞之前,通常需要采用高低渗溶胀的方法对角膜进行前处理,为角膜脱细胞做准备,在现有技术中,通常将角膜从动物眼球上削切下来,对角膜进行溶胀,角膜在溶胀时会急剧胀大,这样,会造成角膜的胶原基质过度拉伸和膨胀,容易对胶原结构造成损坏,使得角膜产品在临床使用过程中整合时间和恢复透明时间较长,不利于角膜的使用。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供一种角膜基质及其制备方法,能够避免角膜的胶原基质在溶胀过程中过度拉伸和膨胀,保护了角膜的胶原结构。
为达到上述目的,本发明的实施例采用如下技术方案:
一方面,本发明实施例提供一种角膜基质,所述角膜基质由角膜以及连接在所述角膜边缘一周的巩膜构成。
可选的,所述巩膜的宽度为2-3mm。
另一方面,本发明实施例提供一种如上所述的角膜基质的制备方法,包括:
步骤1)摘取动物眼球,在所述动物眼球的巩膜上距离角膜缘预设距离处设定切点,从所述切点处沿角膜缘的方向将角膜从所述动物眼球上剪切下来;
步骤2)将所获得的角膜上附带的虹膜撕除,获得角膜基质。
可选的,所述预设距离为2-3mm。
可选的,从所述切点处沿角膜缘的方向将角膜从所述眼球上剪切下来具体包括:
在所述切点处沿所述角膜缘的方向扎一切口,并从所述切口处沿所述角膜缘的方向进行剪切。
优选的,所述切口的长度为2-10mm。
可选的,所述动物眼球为猪眼球。
本发明实施例提供了一种角膜基质及其制备方法,由于所述角膜基质由角膜以及连接在所述角膜边缘一周的巩膜构成,因此,所述角膜基质进行溶胀时,巩膜能够抑制角膜的急剧膨胀,避免了角膜的胶原基质在溶胀过程中过度拉伸和膨胀,保护了角膜的胶原结构,能够缩短角膜产品在临床使用过程中的整合时间和恢复透明时间。克服了现有技术中角膜在溶胀时,角膜的胶原基质急剧膨胀使得胶原结构损伤,从而使得角膜产品在临床使用过程中的整合时间和恢复透明时间较长的缺陷。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种角膜基质的结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种角膜基质的制备方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明实施例提供的一种角膜基质及其制备方法进行详细描述。
一方面,本发明实施例提供一种角膜基质,参见图1,所述角膜基质由角膜1以及连接在所述角膜1边缘一周的巩膜2构成。
本发明实施例提供了一种角膜基质,由于所述角膜基质由角膜1以及连接在所述角膜1边缘一周的巩膜2构成,因此,所述角膜基质进行溶胀时,由于所述巩膜2由致密的胶原和弹力纤维构成,巩膜2能够抑制角膜1的急剧膨胀,避免了角膜1的胶原基质在溶胀过程中过度拉伸和膨胀,保护了所述角膜1的胶原结构,能够缩短角膜产品在临床使用过程中的整合时间和恢复透明时间。克服了现有技术中角膜在溶胀时,角膜的胶原基质急剧膨胀使得胶原结构损伤,从而使得角膜产品在临床使用过程中的整合时间和恢复透明时间较长的缺陷。
其中,对所述巩膜2的宽度不做限定。只要所述角膜基质在溶胀时,能够在所述巩膜2的束缚下减缓角膜1的拉伸和膨胀即可。
本发明的一实施例中,所述巩膜2的宽度为2-3mm。将所述巩膜2的宽度保持在上述范围内,能够确保所述角膜1的细胞得以充分溶胀的情况下,抑制所述角膜1的胶原基质急剧膨胀,为所述角膜脱细胞做准备。
另一方面,本发明实施例提供一种如上所述的角膜基质的制备方法,参见图2,包括:
步骤1)摘取动物眼球,在所述动物眼球的巩膜上距离角膜缘预设距离处设定切点,从所述切点处沿角膜缘的方向将角膜从所述动物眼球上剪切下来;
步骤2)将所获得的角膜上附带的虹膜撕除,获得角膜基质。
本发明实施例提供了一种角膜基质的制备方法,通过摘取动物眼球,在所述动物眼球的巩膜上距离角膜缘预设距离处设定切点,从所述切点处沿所述角膜缘的方向将角膜从所述动物眼球剪切下来,再将所获得的角膜上附带的虹膜撕除,所获得的角膜基质由该角膜以及连接在所述角膜边缘一周的巩膜构成,该方法取材快速高效,且不伤害角膜,能够去除所述动物眼球上的多余组织,并且,由于巩膜由致密的胶原和弹力纤维构成,在角膜基质溶胀时,能够抑制角膜的胶原基质的急剧膨胀,避免了角膜的胶原基质的过度拉伸和膨胀,保护了胶原结构,能够缩短角膜产品在临床使用过程中的整合时间和恢复透明时间。克服了现有技术中角膜在溶胀时,角膜的胶原基质急剧膨胀使得胶原结构损伤,从而使得角膜产品在临床使用过程中的整合时间和恢复透明时间较长的缺陷。
其中,对所述动物的种类不做限定,所述动物可以为牛、羊或者是猪。
由于猪角膜与人角膜在组织结构、生物物理特性和光学特性上较为接近,且猪角膜相对于牛、羊来说更为安全,成本较低。优选的,所述动物眼球为猪眼球。
其中,对所述预设距离不做限定,为了最大程度上去除所述动物眼球上的多余组织,确保所述角膜1的细胞得以充分溶胀的情况下,抑制所述角膜1的胶原基质急剧膨胀。优选的,所述预设距离为2-3mm。
其中,对从所述切点处沿角膜缘的方向将角膜从所述动物眼球上剪切下来的具体操作不做限定。
本发明的一优选实施例中,从所述切点处沿角膜缘的方向将角膜从所述动物眼球上剪切下来具体包括:
在所述切点处沿所述角膜缘的方向扎一切口,并从所述切口处沿所述角膜缘的方向进行剪切。
在本发明实施例中,通过扎一切口,便于剪切的进行。
其中,对所述切口的长度不做限定,只要在剪切时所采用的剪切工具能够伸入所述切口即可。
本发明的一实施例中,所述切口的长度为2-10mm。当切口的长度在该范围内时,便于角膜弯剪的伸入,操作方便快捷。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种角膜基质,其特征在于,所述角膜基质由角膜以及连接在所述角膜边缘一周的巩膜构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的角膜基质,其特征在于,
所述巩膜的宽度为2-3mm。
3.一种如权利要求1-2任一项所述的角膜基质的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤1)摘取动物眼球,在所述动物眼球的巩膜上距离所述角膜缘预设距离处设定切点,从所述切点处沿角膜缘的方向将角膜从所述动物眼球上剪切下来;
步骤2)将所获得的角膜上附带的虹膜撕除,获得角膜基质。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述预设距离为2-3mm。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
从所述切点处沿角膜缘的方向将角膜从所述动物眼球上剪切下来具体包括:
在所述切点处沿所述角膜缘的方向扎一切口,并从所述切口处沿所述角膜缘的方向进行剪切。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述切口的长度为2-10mm。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述动物眼球为猪眼球。
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