CN106720214A - A kind of method that hot wind and microwave dries lichee bacterium - Google Patents
A kind of method that hot wind and microwave dries lichee bacterium Download PDFInfo
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- CN106720214A CN106720214A CN201611128224.6A CN201611128224A CN106720214A CN 106720214 A CN106720214 A CN 106720214A CN 201611128224 A CN201611128224 A CN 201611128224A CN 106720214 A CN106720214 A CN 106720214A
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- lichee
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/02—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23B7/0205—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution by contact of the material with fluids, e.g. drying gas or extracting liquids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/015—Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that hot wind and microwave dries lichee bacterium, methods described is:Lichee bacterium of uniform size is chosen, semen litchi volatile oil, heated-air drying, microwave, cooling packing is coated;The semen litchi volatile oil is 1 with the mass ratio of lichee bacterium:30~40;The power density of the microwave is 1.5~2.5W/g.The semen litchi volatile oil can be substituted with lichee film volatile oil.Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are:Efficiency high, drying time is short, can preferably keep the quality of lichee bacterium, color, perfume (or spice), shape to reach the requirement of high standard grade;It is sterilized in processing procedure, it is easy to the dry packaging of lichee bacterium and storage;It is easily controllable, it is simple to operate, by being influenceed less naturally;The dry rehydration of obtained lichee bacterium is good, and protein content is high;The season supply of adjustable lichee bacterium, promotes the development of lichee bacterium production and processing industries.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food processing technology field, and in particular to a kind of method that hot wind and microwave dries lichee bacterium.
Background technology
Lichee Pseudomonas load guiding principle, Agaricaceae, color and luster is pure white, and fine and tender taste, fragrant in taste, taste is fresh and sweet, is famous Guangdong
Wild edible fungus, be described as " flower in bacterium ".The stout and strong lichee bacterium of one handle, slightly in spindle shape, up to 10~20 centimetres, bacterium
Point is like a Umbrella tightened up.The lichee bacterium of common grade is grey, and quality goods is yellow, and top lichee bacterium is in then
Bright red color.It is deep to be welcome by local common people due to lichee bacterium excellent taste, but lichee bacterium is very severe to growth environmental requirement
Carve, be only grown in lichee woods on moist termitary, and annual growth cycle only have short 20 my god, this serious limitation
Supply time of lichee bacterium, constrain the development of lichee bacterium production and processing.
The content of the invention
For the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, lichee is dried it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of hot wind and microwave
The method of bacterium, to keep lichee bacterium color as far as possible;Realize that lichee bacterium does on the premise of not destroying its nutritional ingredient
Quick, efficient preparation.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method that hot wind and microwave dries lichee bacterium, methods described is:Lichee bacterium of uniform size is chosen, lichee is coated
Core volatile oil, heated-air drying, microwave, cooling packing;The semen litchi volatile oil is 1 with the mass ratio of lichee bacterium:
30~40;The power density of the microwave is 1.5~2.5W/g.
Wherein in one embodiment, the semen litchi volatile oil extracting is from osmanthus taste semen litchi, March red semen litchi, glutinous rice
Ci semen litchis, the green semen litchi of extension, black leaf semen litchi, white cured semen litchi or Feizixiao Litchi core.
Wherein in one embodiment, the extracting method of the semen litchi volatile oil is:Semen litchi is weighed, is crushed, water steams
4.5~6.5h of steam distillation, distillate is extracted 3 times with extractant every time, and combining extraction liquid boils off extractant, obtains final product light yellow
Bright semen litchi volatile oil;The extractant is ether or carbon tetrachloride.
One embodiment wherein, the semen litchi volatile oil is substituted with lichee film volatile oil.
One embodiment wherein, the lichee bacterium is cut into the lichee bacterium piece that thickness is 0.4~0.8cm.
One embodiment wherein, the frequency of the microwave interval irradiates 10s for 50~60s/.
Microwave drying is the microwave of microwave generator half to dry material and when being penetrated into material inside, lures material into
The synchronous high-speed rotation therewith of water isopolarity molecule, material is instantaneously produced frictional heat, cause surface of material and internal rise simultaneously
Temperature, and internal temperature is higher than surface of material, substantial amounts of hydrone is escaped from material and is taken away by evaporation, so reaches drying
Target.The characteristics of this drying means is the short heat time, and internal and external temperature is consistent, its direction of heat transfer from inside to outside with wet transmission
Direction is also consistent, needs certain hour that heat is externally heated to inside material different from conventional heating mode, exists
Inside and outside temperature difference and the opposite problem of wet, direction of heat transfer.
The seed of lichee is referred to as semen litchi, and lichee film is then the inner membrance of lychee exocarp.Semen litchi, lichee film volatile oil it is main
Composition is the type compounds such as monoterpene, sequiterpene, alkene, alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, ester, is faint yellow solid grease, with special aroma.
The present invention penetrates the heating of lichee bacterium inside by microwave, need not rely upon in high-temperature medium, and microwave electromagnetic field is dry
There is non-thermal effect during dry, sterilizing time is substantially shorter.Irradiation intermittently drying pattern can be effectively improved direct radiation in
Lichee bacterium moisture has little time evaporation, and too high heat has made material burn the phenomenon of denaturation.The lichee bacterium piece of 0.4~0.8cm
Thickness enables the core of lichee bacterium to obtain identical microwave energy, and internal moisture diffuses to surface-pathlength properly, is difficult brown stain,
It is not easy to cause coking, surface texture hardening, crust, moisture diffusion speed is fast, and drying time is short.By high temperature resistant, heat endurance
Strong semen litchi or lichee film volatile oil film, in the heated-air drying stage, can stop its surface portion moisture in lichee bacterium surface
Evaporation, is heated evenly raw material, even if can still keep original outward appearance under hot blast temperature higher;Microwave drying stage, lichee
Core or the lichee film volatilization certain energy of oil dispersed, enable lichee bacterium uniform pickup microwave energy as far as possible, control and reduce
The migration evaporation rate of moisture, so as to keep lichee bacterium quality higher.It is special that other semen litchi or lichee film volatile oil have
Fragrance, can penetrate into lichee bacterium in high-temperature heating process, further the smell of regulation lichee bacterium;Its bactericidal action is also favourable
In the dried storage of lichee bacterium and packaging and sanitary standard.And semen litchi or lichee film volatile oil have cholagogic, spasmolysis,
Relieving asthma, anti-inflammatory, anti-digestion, the multiple pharmacological action such as anti-oxidant, the part that hot wind and microwave is residued in inside lichee bacterium after drying is waved
Hair oil may also function as certain health-care effect.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are:Efficiency high, drying time is short, can preferably keep litchi
The quality of branch bacterium, color, perfume (or spice), shape can reach the requirement of high standard grade;It is sterilized in processing procedure, it is easy to what lichee bacterium did
Packaging and storage;It is easily controllable, it is simple to operate, by being influenceed less naturally;The dry rehydration of obtained lichee bacterium is good, protein
Content is high;The season supply of adjustable lichee bacterium, promotes the development of lichee bacterium production and processing industries.
Specific embodiment
To make those skilled in the art be better understood when technical scheme, with reference to embodiment pair
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail.
Experimental technique used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
Material used, reagent etc. in following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, commercially obtain.
1. semen litchi volatile oil extracting
Embodiment 1
Osmanthus taste semen litchi is weighed, is crushed, steam distillation 4.5h, distillate is extracted 3 times with ether every time, merges extraction
Liquid, boils off ether, obtains final product light yellow clear osmanthus taste semen litchi volatile oil.
Embodiment 2
Litchi chinensis cv. Nuomici core is weighed, is crushed, steam distillation 5.5h, distillate uses carbon tetrachloride extraction 3 times every time, merged
Extract, boils off carbon tetrachloride, obtains final product light yellow clear Litchi chinensis cv. Nuomici core volatile oil.
Embodiment 3
The green semen litchi of extension is weighed, is crushed, steam distillation 6.5h, distillate uses carbon tetrachloride extraction 3 times every time, merge extraction
Liquid is taken, carbon tetrachloride is boiled off, light yellow clear is obtained final product and is hung green semen litchi volatile oil.
2. lichee film volatile oil extracting
Embodiment 4
Black leaf lichee film is weighed, is crushed, steam distillation 4.5h, distillate is extracted 3 times with ether every time, merges extraction
Liquid, boils off ether, obtains final product the black leaf lichee film volatile oil of light yellow clear.
Embodiment 5
White cured lichee film is weighed, is crushed, steam distillation 5.5h, distillate uses carbon tetrachloride extraction 3 times every time, merge extraction
Liquid is taken, carbon tetrachloride is boiled off, the white cured lichee film volatile oil of light yellow clear is obtained final product.
Embodiment 6
Feizixiao Litchi film is weighed, is crushed, steam distillation 6.5h, distillate uses carbon tetrachloride extraction 3 times every time, merged
Extract, boils off carbon tetrachloride, obtains final product light yellow clear Feizixiao Litchi film volatile oil.
3. hot wind and microwave dries lichee bacterium
Embodiment 7
Lichee bacterium of uniform size is chosen, the gained osmanthus taste semen litchi volatile oil of embodiment 1, heated-air drying, microwave spoke is coated
Penetrate, cooling packing;The semen litchi volatile oil is 1 with the mass ratio of lichee bacterium:30;The power density of the microwave is
2.5W/g。
Comparative example 1
Choose lichee bacterium of uniform size, heated-air drying, microwave, cooling packing;The power of the microwave is close
It is 2.5W/g to spend.
Embodiment 8
Lichee bacterium of uniform size is chosen, the lichee bacterium piece that thickness is 0.4cm is cut into, the gained glutinous rice wrapped in lotus leaves of embodiment 2 is coated
Semen litchi volatile oil, heated-air drying, microwave, cooling packing;The semen litchi volatile oil is 1 with the mass ratio of lichee bacterium:
35;The power density of the microwave is 1.5W/g.
Embodiment 9
Lichee bacterium of uniform size is chosen, the gained of embodiment 3 is coated and is hung green semen litchi volatile oil, heated-air drying, microwave spoke
Penetrate, cooling packing;The semen litchi volatile oil is 1 with the mass ratio of lichee bacterium:40;The power density of the microwave is
2W/g.The frequency of the microwave interval is that 50s/ irradiates 10s.
Embodiment 10
Lichee bacterium of uniform size is chosen, the black leaf lichee film volatile oil of gained of embodiment 4, heated-air drying, microwave spoke is coated
Penetrate, cooling packing;The lichee film volatile oil is 1 with the mass ratio of lichee bacterium:30;The power density of the microwave is
2.5W/g。
Embodiment 11
Lichee bacterium of uniform size is chosen, the lichee bacterium piece that thickness is 0.6cm is cut into, the gained Bai Lali of embodiment 5 is coated
Branch film volatile oil, heated-air drying, microwave, cooling packing;The lichee film volatile oil is 1 with the mass ratio of lichee bacterium:32;
The power density of the microwave is 2.2W/g.The frequency of the microwave interval is that 55s/ irradiates 10s.
Embodiment 12
Lichee bacterium of uniform size is chosen, the lichee bacterium piece that thickness is 0.8cm is cut into, the gained cv. Feizixiao of embodiment 6 is coated
Lichee film volatile oil, heated-air drying, microwave, cooling packing;The lichee film volatile oil is 1 with the mass ratio of lichee bacterium:
37;The power density of the microwave is 1.8W/g.The frequency of the microwave interval is that 60s/ irradiates 10s.
4. embodiment 7-12 and the gained dry rehydration test of lichee bacterium of comparative example 1
It is accurate to weigh the dry 2g of lichee bacterium, rehydration container is put into, 10~16 times of water are added, 30~50min, drip are impregnated at room temperature
Dry 20min, then determine after rehydration with rehydration before weight ratio, the results are shown in Table 1.
The rehydration ratio that the embodiment 7-12 of table 1 does with the lichee bacterium of comparative example 1
Sample | Rehydration ratio |
Embodiment 7 | 4.8 |
Embodiment 8 | 5.5 |
Embodiment 9 | 4.7 |
Embodiment 10 | 5.6 |
Embodiment 11 | 6.0 |
Embodiment 12 | 6.1 |
Comparative example 1 | 3.2 |
As known from Table 1, the embodiment 7~9 of semen litchi volatile oil is scribbled in drying process and lichee film volatile oil is scribbled
The rehydration ratio of embodiment 10~12 more than 4.7, the rehydration ratio dry far above the lichee bacterium of the non-film volatile oil of comparative example 1, only
3.2.And the dry rehydration of the lichee bacterium of comparative example 7~12 is than understanding, lichee bacterium is cut into slices, using irradiation intermittently drying
Pattern can further improve the dry rehydration ratio of lichee bacterium.
5. embodiment 7-12 is determined with the gained lichee bacterium rate of drying of comparative example 1, the results are shown in Table table 2.
Rate of drying=× 100%
The embodiment 7-12 of table 2 and the lichee bacterium rate of drying of comparative example 1
As known from Table 2, the embodiment 7~9 of semen litchi volatile oil is scribbled in drying process and lichee film volatile oil is scribbled
The rate of drying of embodiment 10~12 is in more than 0.4%/min, and dry far above the lichee bacterium of the non-film volatile oil of comparative example 1 is dry
Dry speed, only 0.26%/min.And the dry rate of drying of the lichee bacterium of comparative example 7~12 is understood, lichee bacterium is cut
Piece, the rate of drying that lichee bacterium is can further improve using irradiation intermittently drying pattern.
6. embodiment 7-12 and the gained dry sensory quality assessment of lichee bacterium of comparative example 1, the results are shown in Table 3.
The embodiment 7-12 of table 3 does aesthetic quality with the lichee bacterium of comparative example 1
Sample | Aesthetic quality |
Embodiment 7 | Grey, glossy, solid is mellow and full complete, slightly the smell of burning |
Embodiment 8 | Grey, glossy, solid is mellow and full complete, and slightly mushroom is fragrant |
Embodiment 9 | Grey, glossy, solid is mellow and full complete, slightly the smell of burning |
Embodiment 10 | Grey, glossy, solid is mellow and full complete, and slightly mushroom is fragrant |
Embodiment 11 | Grey, glossy, solid is mellow and full complete, and smell is approached with fresh mushroom |
Embodiment 12 | Grey, glossy, solid is mellow and full complete, and smell is approached with fresh mushroom |
Comparative example 1 | Coke yellow, part mushroom body rupture is complete, and the smell of burning is dense |
As known from Table 3, the embodiment 7~9 of semen litchi volatile oil is scribbled in drying process and lichee film volatile oil is scribbled
The aesthetic quality of embodiment 10~12 is superior to the aesthetic quality that the lichee bacterium of the non-film volatile oil of comparative example 1 does.And contrast reality
Apply the dry aesthetic quality of the lichee bacterium of example 7~12 to understand, lichee bacterium is cut into slices, can be further using irradiation intermittently drying pattern
The aesthetic quality of lichee bacterium is improved, makes the dry smell more perfuming of lichee bacterium suitable.
7. embodiment 7-12 and the gained lichee bacterium dried protein assay of comparative example 1, the results are shown in Table 4.
The embodiment 7-12 of table 4 and the lichee bacterium dried protein content of comparative example 1
Sample | Protein content (%) |
Embodiment 7 | 32.86 |
Embodiment 8 | 36.92 |
Embodiment 9 | 32.78 |
Embodiment 10 | 36.86 |
Embodiment 11 | 40.12 |
Embodiment 12 | 40.09 |
Comparative example 1 | 25.13 |
Fresh mushroom | 45.36 |
As known from Table 4, the gained lichee bacterium dried protein of embodiment 7~9 that semen litchi volatile oil is scribbled in drying process contains
Amount is more than 32.78%;The gained lichee bacterium dried protein content of embodiment 10~12 of lichee film volatile oil is scribbled 36.86%
More than, it is all remarkably higher than the dry protein content of the lichee bacterium of the non-film volatile oil of comparative example 1, only 25.13%.And contrast reality
Apply the dry protein content of the lichee bacterium of example 7~12 to understand, lichee bacterium is cut into slices, can enter one using irradiation intermittently drying pattern
Step improves the dry protein content of lichee bacterium, reaches as high as 40.09%, only lower than fresh mushroom protein content by 5.27%, thus may be used
See, by lichee bacterium coat semen litchi volatile oil, lichee film volatile oil, section, using irradiation intermittently drying pattern be effectively reduced
Loss of the lichee mycoprotein matter in drying process.
Obviously, above-mentioned 12 embodiments are only section Examples of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the present invention
Enlightenment, the resulting all other embodiment party on the premise of creative work is not made of those of ordinary skill in the art
Formula, belongs to the scope that present aspect is protected.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method that hot wind and microwave dries lichee bacterium, it is characterised in that methods described is:Choose lichee of uniform size
Bacterium, coats semen litchi volatile oil, heated-air drying, microwave, cooling packing;The semen litchi volatile oil and lichee bacterium
Mass ratio is 1:30~40;The power density of the microwave is 1.5~2.5W/g.
2. the method that hot wind and microwave dries lichee bacterium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the semen litchi volatile oil is carried
Take from osmanthus taste semen litchi, March red semen litchi, Litchi chinensis cv. Nuomici core, hang green semen litchi, black leaf semen litchi, white cured semen litchi or prince wife
Son laughs at semen litchi.
3. the method that hot wind and microwave dries lichee bacterium according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the semen litchi volatile oil
Extracting method is:Semen litchi is weighed, is crushed, 4.5~6.5h of steam distillation, distillate is extracted 3 times with extractant every time, is merged
Extract, boils off extractant, obtains final product light yellow clear semen litchi volatile oil;The extractant is ether or carbon tetrachloride.
4. the method that hot wind and microwave dries lichee bacterium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the semen litchi volatile oil is used
Lichee film volatile oil is substituted.
5. the method that hot wind and microwave dries lichee bacterium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the lichee bacterium is cut into thickness
It is the lichee bacterium piece of 0.4~0.8cm.
6. the method that the hot wind and microwave according to claim any one of 1-5 dries lichee bacterium, it is characterised in that the microwave spoke
The frequency of interval is penetrated for 50~60s/ irradiates 10s.
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Cited By (1)
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