CN106718974A - 一种无消化道刺激的猪发酵床垫料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无消化道刺激的猪发酵床垫料,由下列重量份的原料制成:大蒜粉12‑16、枸杞5‑7、大豆渣35‑37、乙酰苯0.2‑0.4、杉木片22‑25、活性炭粉18‑20、红糖3‑4、玉米秸秆28‑32、啤酒酵母泥35‑40、蛋白酶制剂2‑3、半胱氨酸盐酸盐1.0‑1.2、硫胺素1.8‑2.0、香草兰豆荚28‑30、45%乙醇溶液适量、水适量;本发明发酵床垫料使用杉木片和玉米秸秆混合铺设于发酵床上层,能提高垫料上层密实度,隔绝下层发酵层与猪的直接接触,一方面提高下层温度以达到杀菌和消灭寄生虫、卵的作用,另一方面避免了下层有害物通过猪的拱食行为对其消化道产生刺激,减少了猪消化道疾病的发生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发酵床垫料技术领域,尤其涉及一种无消化道刺激的猪发酵床垫料。
背景技术
近年来随着我国养猪业不断的扩大,猪粪尿及污水排放对环境的污染日益严重。由此引入了发酵床养殖方法。发酵床技术是基于控制畜禽粪便排放与污染的一种生态养殖方式,其基本理念是实现畜禽废弃物零排放,在畜禽健康养殖和污染防治等方面具有重要意义。其中发酵床垫料是发酵床养猪关键的部分,对垫料原料进行科学组合,能达到减少管理强度,增加养猪效益等目的。而目前发酵床养猪技术还不完善,现有技术中因大量使用锯末等,造成垫料成本高、原料来源困难,同时不能针对具体猪舍环境进行有效应对,造成垫料的附加价值低,经济效益得不到保障,进而使发酵床养殖技术推广应用受到极大限制。
啤酒废酵母作为一种生产废料,其中含有醛类、杂环等多种风味化合物,通过酶制剂的加入,利用氨基酸和还原糖之间的羟胺反应,同时通过超声法提取香兰素作为诱食剂,将其与廉价易得的农业废料玉米秸秆复配,可得到高适口性的垫料组份,将其与发酵组分、有机原料等共同制备为发酵床垫料,既降低了原料成本,同时能显著提高猪的食欲,大大增加了垫料的利用价值,故将其应用于发酵床垫料的制备中具有极高的潜力。
公开号为CN104472381A的发明专利申请公开了一种猪圈垫料,该垫料采用碳化稻壳23份、碎玉米芯19份、草木灰24份、锯末18份、碎麦秸秆5份、粉煤灰11份、花生壳27份、细碎豆棵17份的原料配比制备而成,具有较强的吸水、除臭作用,克服了传统养猪污染较大的缺陷,但该发明公开的垫料原料种类组成单一,降解速度较快,导致了垫料的使用期限短,造成更换成本的提高,同时原料均为普通植物残料,对提高猪的觅食性、增强食欲等无任何促进作用,无法实现高效饲育的目的,导致垫料的利用价值不高,限制了产品的规模化应用。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种无消化道刺激的猪发酵床垫料。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种无消化道刺激的猪发酵床垫料,由下列重量份的原料制成:大蒜粉12-16、枸杞5-7、大豆渣35-37、乙酰苯0.2-0.4、杉木片22-25、活性炭粉18-20、红糖3-4、玉米秸秆28-32、啤酒酵母泥35-40、蛋白酶制剂2-3、半胱氨酸盐酸盐1.0-1.2、硫胺素1.8-2.0、香草兰豆荚28-30、45%乙醇溶液适量、水适量。
所述的无消化道刺激的猪发酵床垫料制备方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)将大蒜粉、枸杞、大豆渣混合后,补水至混合料最大含水量的42-45%,并投入发酵池中,进行堆积预发酵5-7天,取出后平铺于养猪发酵床底部,再向其上铺设一层活性炭粉;
(2)将啤酒酵母泥与蛋白酶制剂混合,并加入3-4倍于酵母泥质量的水,加热至46-48℃,搅匀后自溶16-20小时,之后再向其中加入半胱氨酸盐酸盐、硫胺素、红糖、乙酰苯,调节PH至7.8-8.2,加热至115-120℃,反应60-65分钟,完成后降至室温,过滤得风味化合物溶液备用;
(3)将玉米秸秆和杉木片晒干后切碎至8-10cm的碎段混合,并将其浸泡在步骤2所得风味化合物溶液中,加热至46-48℃,浸泡13-15小时后取出风干,备用;
(4)将香草兰豆荚低温干燥后粉碎,并按料液比1:10-12g/mL加入45%乙醇溶液,加热至60-62℃后在150W、40kHz条件下超声提取20-25分钟,过滤后将滤液喷雾干燥成粉末,将粉末与步骤3所得物料混合均匀,平铺于养猪发酵床上层,即得本发明猪发酵床垫料。
本发明的优点是:
本发明通过对啤酒废酵母的优化制备,通过氨基酸和还原糖之间的羟胺反应获取风味化合物,协同香草兰豆荚多步提取所得香兰素,二者共同作用于可供生猪舔食的秸秆上,在配以其他多种有机垫料组成成分,能极大增强猪的食欲,提高采食量,并促进猪对饲料的消化吸收与利用。同时本发明发酵床垫料使用杉木片和玉米秸秆混合铺设于发酵床上层,能提高垫料上层密实度,隔绝下层发酵层与猪的直接接触,一方面提高下层温度以达到杀菌和消灭寄生虫、卵的作用,另一方面避免了下层有害物通过猪的拱食行为对其消化道产生刺激,减少了猪消化道疾病的发生。
具体实施方式
一种无消化道刺激的猪发酵床垫料,由下列重量份(kg)的原料制成:大蒜粉12、枸杞5、大豆渣35、乙酰苯0.2、杉木片22、活性炭粉18、红糖3、玉米秸秆28、啤酒酵母泥35、蛋白酶制剂2、半胱氨酸盐酸盐1.0、硫胺素1.8、香草兰豆荚28、45%乙醇溶液适量、水适量。
所述的无消化道刺激的猪发酵床垫料制备方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)将大蒜粉、枸杞、大豆渣混合后,补水至混合料最大含水量的42%,并投入发酵池中,进行堆积预发酵5天,取出后平铺于养猪发酵床底部,再向其上铺设一层活性炭粉;
(2)将啤酒酵母泥与蛋白酶制剂混合,并加入3倍于酵母泥质量的水,加热至46℃,搅匀后自溶16小时,之后再向其中加入半胱氨酸盐酸盐、硫胺素、红糖、乙酰苯,调节PH至7.8,加热至115℃,反应60分钟,完成后降至室温,过滤得风味化合物溶液备用;
(3)将玉米秸秆和杉木片晒干后切碎至8cm的碎段混合,并将其浸泡在步骤2所得风味化合物溶液中,加热至46℃,浸泡13小时后取出风干,备用;
(4)将香草兰豆荚低温干燥后粉碎,并按料液比1:10g/mL加入45%乙醇溶液,加热至60℃后在150W、40kHz条件下超声提取20分钟,过滤后将滤液喷雾干燥成粉末,将粉末与步骤3所得物料混合均匀,平铺于养猪发酵床上层,即得本发明猪发酵床垫料。
为了进一步说明本发明的应用价值,实施人选取了400头体重接近,健康无病的商品猪,随机分为对照度和实验组,每组各200头,对照组在含有普通发酵床垫料的猪舍中饲养,实验组在含有本发明垫料的猪舍中饲养,饲养过程中饮水、通风、消毒等猪舍日常管理均一致,一个育肥周期(150天)后测得数据如下:
从上表可以看出,采用本发明垫料的饲养猪增重较多,料肉比优势明显,且患病率较对照组显著降低,同时减少了过量饲料投入造成的浪费,使饲喂成本降低,为猪只创造了良好的生存环境,并且实现了高产、优质、高效养猪的目标。
Claims (2)
1.一种无消化道刺激的猪发酵床垫料,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料制成:大蒜粉12-16、枸杞5-7、大豆渣35-37、乙酰苯0.2-0.4、杉木片22-25、活性炭粉18-20、红糖3-4、玉米秸秆28-32、啤酒酵母泥35-40、蛋白酶制剂2-3、半胱氨酸盐酸盐1.0-1.2、硫胺素1.8-2.0、香草兰豆荚28-30、45%乙醇溶液适量、水适量。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的无消化道刺激的猪发酵床垫料,其特征在于,制备方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)将大蒜粉、枸杞、大豆渣混合后,补水至混合料最大含水量的42-45%,并投入发酵池中,进行堆积预发酵5-7天,取出后平铺于养猪发酵床底部,再向其上铺设一层活性炭粉;
(2)将啤酒酵母泥与蛋白酶制剂混合,并加入3-4倍于酵母泥质量的水,加热至46-48℃,搅匀后自溶16-20小时,之后再向其中加入半胱氨酸盐酸盐、硫胺素、红糖、乙酰苯,调节PH至7.8-8.2,加热至115-120℃,反应60-65分钟,完成后降至室温,过滤得风味化合物溶液备用;
(3)将玉米秸秆和杉木片晒干后切碎至8-10cm的碎段混合,并将其浸泡在步骤2所得风味化合物溶液中,加热至46-48℃,浸泡13-15小时后取出风干,备用;
(4)将香草兰豆荚低温干燥后粉碎,并按料液比1:10-12g/mL加入45%乙醇溶液,加热至60-62℃后在150W、40kHz条件下超声提取20-25分钟,过滤后将滤液喷雾干燥成粉末,将粉末与步骤3所得物料混合均匀,平铺于养猪发酵床上层,即得本发明猪发酵床垫料。
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