CN106717294B - Evaluation method of quality of subprostrate sophora seeds - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
- A01C1/025—Testing seeds for determining their viability or germination capacity
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the quality of subprostrate sophora seeds, which comprises the following steps: dividing seed batches, and extracting seeds with the weight not less than 1000g as test samples; taking the water content, thousand seed weight, germination rate and purity of the seeds as evaluation factors; determining the weight of water content, thousand seed weight, germination rate and purity to be 0.185, 0.175, 0.425 and 0.215 respectively; determining the evaluation index of the evaluation factor: a, B, C, D are respectively used as the evaluation indexes of seed moisture content, thousand seed weight, seed germination rate and seed purity of the seed batch; calculating an evaluation index value according to a formula: PI ═ 0.185A +0.175B +0.425C + 0.215D. The method realizes quantitative evaluation of seed quality of the subprostrate sophora seed batch, the selected evaluation factors can effectively reflect the seed quality, the operation is simple and convenient, the result is reliable, and the blindness and the hysteresis quality of conventional judgment are overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seed quality evaluation. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for evaluating the quality of subprostrate sophora seeds.
Background
Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis, also known as radix Sophorae Tonkinensis and Sophora tonkinensis, is the dried root of Sophora tonkinensis of Leguminosae, has effects of clearing heat and detoxicating, and relieving swelling and sore throat, and can be used for treating fire toxin accumulation, tonsillitis pharyngitis, sore throat, gingival swelling and pain, aphtha of the mouth and tongue, etc. The subprostrate sophora is an important species of Guiyao and Nanyao, and the successfully developed Chinese patent medicine products comprise Ganyanling injection, Guilin watermelon frost, Biyanling tablets, Qingyan Yihuo pills and the like.
Due to the large market demand of the subprostrate sophora medicinal materials and the shortage of raw material supply, the area of artificial cultivation of the subprostrate sophora in Guangxi in recent years is expanding. The artificial planting of the subprostrate sophora mainly takes the propagation of seeds and tissue culture seedlings as main materials, and due to the lack of a corresponding seed quality evaluation method, the quality of the seeds sold in the market is poor, and a false and poor seed pot-farming event frequently occurs, so that the yield of medicinal materials is reduced or the medicinal materials are absolutely harvested.
At present, the quality of the subprostrate sophora seeds is mainly observed by naked eyes, and no suitable method exists for describing the quality of the subprostrate sophora seeds quantitatively according to the water content, thousand seed weight, germination rate, cleanliness and the like of the subprostrate sophora seeds.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide an evaluation method of the quality of the subprostrate sophora seeds, which utilizes the water content, thousand seed weight, germination rate and purity of the subprostrate sophora seed batch seeds to evaluate the seed quality of the subprostrate sophora seed batch, realizes quantitative evaluation of the seed quality of the subprostrate sophora seed batch, has the advantages of effective reaction of the seed quality by the selected evaluation factors, simple and convenient operation and reliable result, and overcomes the blindness and hysteresis quality of conventional judgment.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for evaluating the quality of subprostrate sophora seeds, comprising the steps of:
dividing seed batches: the seeds are harvested in the same producing area and the same period, the total weight of the seeds is divided into 1000Kg-20000Kg, and the seeds with the total weight of not less than 1000g are extracted from each batch of the seeds to be used as test samples, wherein the same producing area refers to that the seeds divided into the same batch of the seeds are produced in the same village and town, and the same period refers to that the seeds are harvested within one month of the same year, namely the harvesting time difference is not more than one month;
selecting an evaluation factor: taking the water content of the seeds, the thousand seed weight, the germination rate of the seeds and the purity of the seeds as evaluation factors, wherein the seeds required by the determination of the water content of the seeds, the thousand seed weight, the germination rate of the seeds and the purity of the seeds are picked from a sample to be tested and respectively defined as seeds I, seeds II, seeds III and seeds IV, and the weights of the seeds I, the seeds II, the seeds III and the seeds IV are respectively not less than ten percent, fifteen percent, six percent and forty percent of the total weight of the sample to be tested;
determining the weight of the evaluation factor: determining the water content of the evaluation factors, the thousand seed weight, the germination rate and the purity of the seeds as 0.185, 0.175, 0.425 and 0.215 respectively;
determining the evaluation index of the evaluation factor:
measuring the water content of the seeds I as a according to the formula:
calculating the evaluation index of the water content of the seeds in the seed batch, wherein a>At 0.75, taking A to 0 as an evaluation index of the seed moisture content of the seed batch;
b is measured as the thousand seed weight of the seed II, when b>When the weight of B is less than or equal to 160g, the formula is as follows:
calculating an evaluation index of thousand seed weight of the seeds in the seed lot;
measuring the germination rate of the seeds III as C, and taking the C as an evaluation index of the germination rate of the seeds in the seed batch;
measuring the purity of the seed IV as D, and taking the D as an evaluation index of the seed purity of the seed batch;
step five, determining the quality grade of the subprostrate sophora seeds: according to the formula: calculating an evaluation index value when PI is 0.185A +0.175B +0.425C + 0.215D;
the seed quality of the seed lot is excellent when the PI is more than or equal to 0.95, the seed quality of the seed lot is excellent when the PI is more than or equal to 0.85 and less than 0.95, the seed quality of the seed lot is medium when the PI is more than or equal to 0.75 and less than 0.85, the seed quality of the seed lot is medium when the PI is more than or equal to 0.65 and less than 0.75, and the seed quality of the seed lot is poor when the PI is less than 0.65.
Preferably, the method for measuring the water content of the seeds I in the fourth step comprises the following steps: dividing the seeds I into a plurality of parts by weight, wherein the weight of each part of seeds is 4-5g, and the weight of each part of seeds is WniCutting into 3-5mm slices, placing in a glass weighing bottle, weighing with a bottle cap to obtain WnjTaking off the bottle cap, placing the bottle cap in a constant-temperature drying oven, adjusting the temperature of the constant-temperature drying oven to 102-105 ℃, drying for 8 hours, covering the bottle cap, taking out the bottle cap with the bottle cap, and weighing the bottle cap to be W'njEach is measured according to a formulaThe water content of the seed is
Wherein, WniWeight before slicing of nth seed, WnjIs the weight of the nth seed with the bottle and lid before drying, W'njWeight of the nth seed with bottle and cap after drying, HniThe water content of the nth seed is shown according to the formula:
and (d) measuring the water content of the seeds I, wherein a is the water content of the seeds in the seed batch.
Preferably, the glass weighing bottle comprises:
inverting the quadrangular frustum pyramid shaped bottle body;
the plurality of box bodies are arranged in a manner that the top surfaces are open, the bottom surfaces are in a mesh structure cuboid shape, and the plurality of box bodies are detachably arranged in the bottle body at intervals up and down and are parallel to the bottom of the bottle body;
the slice is paved at the bottom of the box body, the bottle cap can be arranged on the box body in a sealing mode, the bottle cap is arranged on the bottle body in a covering mode when the slice is placed in the oven for weighing, the bottle cap is taken out when the slice is placed in the oven, and the bottle cap is arranged on the bottle body when the slice is taken out from the oven for weighing.
Preferably, the method for measuring the thousand seed weight of the seeds II in the fourth step is a full weight method, and comprises the following steps: counting the seeds II through a seed counter to obtain the number of the seeds II, and weighing to obtain the weight of the seeds II according to the formula:
and (c) measuring the thousand seed weight of the seeds II, wherein the thousand seed weight of the seeds of the seed batch is b.
Preferably, the method for measuring the germination rate of the seeds III in the fourth step comprises the following steps: dividing the seeds III into a plurality of parts according to the seed number of 50-60 seeds in each part, and counting the seeds in each part by a seed counter to obtain the seed number of each part and recording as XniAfter each seed is sterilized, the extending part of the radicle is evenly arranged on a culture dish upwards, and the culture dish is put into a light incubator, the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, and the temperature is controlled every 24 hoursThe internal continuous illumination time is 8h, the illumination intensity is 2000LX, and the number of the normal sprouts of each seed is counted and recorded as Y on the 16 th day of cultureniRemoving the seeds with normal germination, and counting the number of normal germination of each residual seed on the 20 th day and recording as ZniAccording to the formula:
obtaining the germination rate of each part of seeds according to the formula:
calculating the germination rate of the seeds III, namely the germination rate of the seeds of the seed batch, wherein YniCounting the number of normal sprouts of the nth seed on the 16 th day of culture, ZniCounting the number of normal germination of the rest seeds for the nth seed on the 20 th day of culture, cniThe germination rate of the nth seed is shown.
Preferably, the purity of the seed IV in the fourth step is determined by the following method: counting the seeds IV by a seed counter to obtain the seeds IV with the number of seeds M1Determining the number M of pure seeds in the seeds IV2According to the formula:
and (3) measuring the purity of the seed IV, namely the purity of the seed batch, wherein the pure seed is measured by an appearance morphology method: seeds with hilum, length of 7.25-11.40 mm, width of 5.01-9.04 mm, and color difference CA value between the color and standard color of less than or equal to 1.5, wherein the standard color of the pure seeds is black. And the shape is elliptical, oval or oblong, the seed structure is complete, the surface is not incomplete or seriously damaged, malformation or constriction is avoided, the cotyledon is milky white after being dissected by a scalpel, and discoloration and necrosis caused by infection, mildew or decay are avoided.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for evaluating the quality of the subprostrate sophora seeds utilizes the water content, the thousand seed weight, the germination rate and the purity of the subprostrate sophora seed batch seeds to evaluate the quality of the subprostrate sophora seed batch seeds, realizes quantitative evaluation on the quality of the subprostrate sophora seed batch seeds, can effectively reflect the quality of the seeds by the selected evaluation factors, is simple and convenient to operate and reliable in result, and overcomes the blindness and the hysteresis quality of conventional judgment.
2. According to the evaluation method for the quality of the subprostrate sophora seeds, the water content of the seeds is an important substance for keeping the vitality of the seeds, the metabolism of the seeds can be smoothly completed only under the action of water, but the respiration of the seeds is too vigorous due to too high water content, a large amount of microorganisms are propagated, the storage life of the seeds is greatly shortened finally, the seeds are dehydrated and die due to too low water content, the thousand seed weight of the seeds can effectively reflect the size and the plumpness of the seeds, and the purity of the seeds can effectively reflect the proportion of the effective subprostrate sophora seeds.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the germination rates of Sophora Subprostrata seeds at different cultivation temperatures according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the germination rates of the subprostrate sophora seeds cultured in the light and dark at different culture temperatures according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the quality of subprostrate sophora seeds, which can be realized by appropriately improving process parameters by referring to the content in the text. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the method and application of the present invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the method described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and apply the techniques of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
Dividing seed batches: the method comprises the following steps of (1) collecting vietnamese sophora root seeds harvested in 10 months in 2015 in Mashan county of Nanning, wherein the weight of a seed batch to be detected for the quality of the seeds is 10000Kg, extracting 1000g of the seeds in the seed batch as a test sample, sending the test sample to 4 ℃, and storing the test sample in a dry environment;
selecting an evaluation factor: taking the water content of the seeds, the thousand seed weight of the seeds, the germination rate of the seeds and the purity of the seeds as evaluation factors, wherein the seeds required by the determination of the water content of the seeds, the thousand seed weight of the seeds, the germination rate of the seeds and the purity of the seeds are all extracted from a sample to be tested and are respectively defined as seeds I, seeds II, seeds III and seeds IV, the ten percent of the total weight of the extracted sample to be tested of the seeds I is 100g, the fifteen percent of the total weight of the extracted sample to be tested of the seeds II is 150g, the six percent of the total weight of the extracted sample to be tested of the seeds III is 60g and the forty percent of the total weight of the extracted sample to be tested of the seeds IV is 400 g;
determining the weight of the evaluation factor: determining the water content of the evaluation factors, the thousand seed weight, the germination rate and the purity of the seeds as 0.185, 0.175, 0.425 and 0.215 respectively;
determining the evaluation index of the evaluation factor:
100g of the seeds I are divided into 24 parts by weight, the 24 parts of the seeds are numbered according to the table 1, and the weight of each part of the seeds is respectively weighed as WniSpecifically, as shown in Table 1, each seed in each seed lot was cut into slices ranging from 3 to 5mm in thickness and spread on a glass weighing bottle, and the slices with the bottle and the bottle cap were weighed together as WnjPlacing the glass weighing bottle in a constant temperature drying oven without a bottle cap, adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature drying oven to 102 ℃, drying for 8 hours, taking out the glass weighing bottle with the bottle cap, weighing the glass weighing bottle with the bottle cap, and weighing the glass weighing bottle with the weight of W'njSpecifically, as shown in Table 1, the water content of each seed was determined by the formula
Specifically, as shown in table 1, the water content of the seed portion with the number of 13 was 0.372 at the highest, and the water content of the seed portion with the number of 18 was 0.345 at the lowest, which was different by 0.027, within the allowable range of error, where W isniIs the weight of the nth seed before slicing, W'niIs the weight of the nth seed after drying, HniThe water content of the nth seed is shown according to the formula:
and (5) measuring that the water content of the seed I is 35.5%, and obtaining the water content of the seed batch if 35.5%.
TABLE 1 determination of water content of Sophora Subprostrata seeds
The water content of the seed I is measured to be 35.5 percent according to the formula:
calculating the evaluation index of the water content of the seeds in the seed batch to be 0.99;
wherein, the bottle body is inverted into a quadrangular frustum pyramid shape;
the plurality of box bodies are arranged in a manner that the top surfaces are open, the bottom surfaces are in a mesh structure cuboid shape, and the plurality of box bodies are detachably arranged in the bottle body at intervals up and down and are parallel to the bottom of the bottle body;
the thin sheet is flatly paved at the bottom of the box body, and the bottle cap can be arranged on the box body in a sealing mode;
in the use, will the thin slice pave in 2 bottoms of box body adopt inversion quadrangular frustum shape bottle 1 to place box body 2, make things convenient for placing and taking out of box body 2, and getting rid of thin slice moisture in the adjacent box body 2 each other does not influence, and its bottom surface establishes to the speed that network structure can effectual increase moisture got rid of, increases the heated area of thin slice, and the bottle lid is located when weighing before placing the oven the bottle, the bottle lid takes out when placing in the oven, and the bottle lid is located when taking out from the oven and weighing the bottle, locate through the sealed lid of lid on the bottle, can effectually avoid when taking out from the oven moisture in the air influence measuring effect, the measurement error that leads to.
Counting 150g of the seeds II through a particle counter to obtain 1062 particles of the seeds II, and then according to the formula:
measuring the thousand seed weight of the seed II to be 141.2g, wherein 141.2g is the thousand seed weight of the seed batch, and when 141.2g<180g, according to the formula:
0.88 is the evaluation index of the thousand seed weight of the seeds in the seed lot;
counting 60g of seeds III by a seed counter to obtain 424 seeds III, equally dividing the seeds into 8 parts according to the seed number of 53 seeds of each part, uniformly arranging the extending parts of radicles on a culture dish after sterilizing each part of seeds, putting the seeds into an illumination incubator, controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃, keeping the illumination time to be 8h within 24h, and the illumination intensity to be 2000LX, respectively counting the normal germination number of each part of seeds on the 16 th day of culture and recording the normal germination number as YniSpecifically, as shown in table 2, the seeds without normal germination were removed, and the number of normal germination of each remaining seed was counted as Z on day 20niSpecifically, as shown in table 2, according to the formula:
obtaining the germination rate of each part of seeds according to the formula:
calculating the germination rate of the seeds III, namely the germination rate of the seeds of the seed batch, wherein YniCounting the number of normal sprouts of the nth seed on the 16 th day of culture, ZniCounting the number of normal germination of the rest seeds for the nth seed on the 20 th day of culture, cniMeasuring the germination rate of the nth seed, wherein the germination rate of the seed III is measured to be C, and the C is used as an evaluation index of the germination rate of the seeds in the seed batch;
TABLE 2 determination of Sophora Subprostrata seed germination percentage
According to the related data obtained in the table, the germination rate of the seeds III is 0.83, and 0.83 is used as an evaluation index of the germination rate of the seeds in the seed batch;
counting 400g of seeds IV by a seed counter to obtain seeds IV with the number of seeds M1Determining the number M of pure seeds in the seeds IV as 2834 seeds22441 granules according to the formula:
the purity of the seed iv is calculated to be 0.86, that is, the purity D of the seed lot is 0.86, and D is 0.86 as an evaluation index of the purity of the seed lot, wherein the pure seed is measured by an appearance shape method: seeds with hilum, length of 7.25-11.40 mm, width of 5.01-9.04 mm, and color difference CA value between the standard color and the color of 1.5 or less, the standard color is black, and the detected pure seeds all need to meet the requirements of complete structure, no incomplete surface or serious damage, no deformity or shrinkage, milky white cotyledon after dissecting with a scalpel, and no discoloration or necrosis caused by infection, mildew or rot.
Step five, determining the quality grade of the subprostrate sophora seeds: according to the formula: the evaluation index value was calculated when PI is 0.185A +0.175B +0.425C +0.215D, as shown in table 3;
TABLE 3 evaluation of Sophora Subprostrata seed index value calculation
The seed quality of the seed batch is excellent when the PI is more than or equal to 0.95, the seed quality of the seed batch is excellent when the PI is more than or equal to 0.85 and less than 0.95, the seed quality of the seed batch is medium when the PI is more than or equal to 0.75 and less than 0.85, the seed quality of the seed batch is medium when the PI is more than or equal to 0.65 and less than 0.75, and the seed quality of the seed batch is poor when the PI is less than 0.65;
since 0.85 is less than or equal to 0.87 and less than 0.95, the quality of the seeds of the subprostrate sophora seeds harvested in Nanning Mashan county 10 months in 2015 is good and the like.
Example 2
Dividing seed batches: in 09 months in 2014, 15000Kg of a seed batch to be detected for the quality of the subprostrate sophora seeds harvested in Longhe county in Baicolor Napo, extracting 1500g of the seeds in the seed batch as test samples, and storing the test samples at 4 ℃ in a dry environment;
selecting an evaluation factor: taking the water content of the seeds, the thousand seed weight of the seeds, the germination rate of the seeds and the purity of the seeds as evaluation factors, wherein the seeds required by the determination of the water content of the seeds, the thousand seed weight of the seeds, the germination rate of the seeds and the purity of the seeds are all extracted from a sample to be tested and are respectively defined as seeds I, seeds II, seeds III and seeds IV, the ten percent of the total weight of the extracted sample to be tested of the seeds I is 150g, the fifteen percent of the total weight of the extracted sample to be tested of the seeds II is 225g, the six percent of the total weight of the extracted sample to be tested of the seeds III is 90g, and the forty percent of the total weight of the extracted sample to be tested of the seeds IV is 600 g;
determining the weight of the evaluation factor: determining the water content of the evaluation factors, the thousand seed weight, the germination rate and the purity of the seeds as 0.185, 0.175, 0.425 and 0.215 respectively;
determining the evaluation index of the evaluation factor:
150g of the seeds I are divided into 30 parts by weight, 30 parts of the seeds are numbered according to the table 1, and the weight of each part of the seeds is respectively weighed as WniSpecifically, as shown in Table 4, each seed in each seed lot was cut into slices ranging from 3 to 5mm in thickness and spread on a glass weighing bottle, and the slices with the bottle and the bottle cap were weighed together as WnjPlacing the glass weighing bottle in a constant temperature drying oven without a bottle cap, adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature drying oven to 102 ℃, drying for 8 hours, taking out the glass weighing bottle with the bottle cap, weighing the glass weighing bottle with the bottle cap, and weighing the glass weighing bottle with the weight of W'njSpecifically, as shown in Table 4, each portion was measured according to the formulaThe water content of the seeds is
Specifically, as shown in Table 4, the measurement results showed that the moisture content of the seed lot No. 10 was 0.303 at the highest, and the moisture content of the seed lot No. 18 was 0.283 at the lowest, with a difference of 0.02 between them, within the allowable range of error, where W is WniIs the weight of the nth seed before slicing, W'niIs the weight of the nth seed after drying, HniThe water content of the nth seed is shown according to the formula:
and (5) measuring that the water content of the seed I is 29.1%, and determining that the water content of the seed batch is 29.1%.
TABLE 4 determination of water content of Sophora Subprostrata seeds
The water content of the seed I is measured to be 29.1 percent, according to the formula:
therefore, 0.83 is used as an evaluation index of the water content of the seeds in the seed lot;
counting 225g of the seeds II by a particle counter to obtain 1803 particles of the seeds II, and then according to the formula:
measuring the thousand seed weight of the seed II to be 124.8g, wherein 124.8g is the thousand seed weight of the seed batch, and when 124.8g<180g, according to the formula:
0.78 is the evaluation index of the thousand seed weight of the seeds in the seed lot;
counting 90g of seeds III by a seed counter to obtain the number of seeds III which is 721, dividing the seeds III into 13 parts, wherein the 1 st to 11 th parts are distributed according to the number of 55 seeds per part, the 12 th and 13 th parts are distributed according to the number of 58 seeds per part, after each part of seeds is sterilized, the extending parts of radicles are uniformly arranged on a culture dish upwards, the culture dish is placed into an illumination incubator, the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the continuous illumination time is 8h within 24h, the illumination intensity is 2000LX, and the number of normal germination of each part of seeds is counted as Y on the 16 th day of cultureniSpecifically, as shown in table 5, the seeds without normal germination were removed, and the number of normal germination of each remaining seed was counted as Z on day 20niSpecifically, as shown in table 5, according to the formula:
obtaining the germination rate of each part of seeds according to the formula:
calculating the germination rate of the seeds III, namely the germination rate of the seeds of the seed batch, wherein YniCounting the number of normal sprouts of the nth seed on the 16 th day of culture, ZniCounting the number of normal germination of the rest seeds for the nth seed on the 20 th day of culture, cniMeasuring the germination rate of the nth seed, wherein the germination rate of the seed III is measured to be C, and the C is used as an evaluation index of the germination rate of the seeds in the seed batch;
TABLE 5 determination of the Sophora Subprostrata seed Germination Rate
| Numbering | Yni | Zni | cni | Numbering | Yni | Zni | cni |
| 1 | 29 | 11 | 0.73 | 8 | 29 | 11 | 0.73 |
| 2 | 29 | 10 | 0.71 | 9 | 32 | 9 | 0.75 |
| 3 | 29 | 11 | 0.73 | 10 | 29 | 11 | 0.71 |
| 4 | 28 | 11 | 0.71 | 11 | 30 | 10 | 0.73 |
| 5 | 29 | 10 | 0.71 | 12 | 31 | 10 | 0.71 |
| 6 | 28 | 11 | 0.71 | 13 | 31 | 11 | 0.72 |
| 7 | 30 | 11 | 0.75 | / | / | / | / |
According to the related data obtained in the table, the germination rate of the seeds III is 0.72, and the 0.72 is used as the evaluation index of the germination rate of the seeds in the seed batch;
counting 600g of seeds IV by a seed counter to obtain seeds IV with M grain number14812 grains, the number M of pure seeds in seed IV was determined23657 particle, according to the formula:
and calculating the purity of the measured seed IV to be 0.76, namely the purity D of the seed batch is 0.76, and taking the purity D of 0.76 as an evaluation index of the seed purity of the seed batch, wherein the pure seed is defined as: seeds with hilum, length of 7.25mm-11.40mm, width of 5.01mm-9.04mm, and color difference CA value of less than or equal to 1.5;
step five, determining the quality grade of the subprostrate sophora seeds: according to the formula: the evaluation index value was calculated when PI is 0.185A +0.175B +0.425C +0.215D, as shown in table 6;
TABLE 6 evaluation of Sophora Subprostrata seed index value calculation
The seed quality of the seed batch is excellent when the PI is more than or equal to 0.95, the seed quality of the seed batch is excellent when the PI is more than or equal to 0.85 and less than 0.95, the seed quality of the seed batch is medium when the PI is more than or equal to 0.75 and less than 0.85, the seed quality of the seed batch is medium when the PI is more than or equal to 0.65 and less than 0.75, and the seed quality of the seed batch is poor when the PI is less than 0.65;
since 0.75 is less than or equal to 0.76 and less than 0.85, the seed quality of the subprostrate sophora seed batch to be detected, which is harvested in the city of Loranthown Nap in the 09 th month in 2014, and is 15000Kg in weight, is medium.
< seed lot identification experiment of Sophora Subprostrata seed >
According to the related requirements of ISTA and GB/T3543.2, seed batches are divided within the weight of 20000kg and are harvested in the same production area and the same period, the minimum weight of a sample to be tested is set to be 1000g, and according to GB/T3543.2, moisture determination samples, thousand seed weight, seed germination percentage and variety purity determination samples are respectively not less than ten percent, fifteen percent, six percent and forty percent of the total weight of the sample to be tested.
The subprostrate sophora seed is respectively subjected to normal temperature storage and 4 ℃ storage tests, and the result shows that the vitality of the subprostrate sophora seed stored at normal temperature is reduced rapidly, the germination rate is reduced to 15% after 9 months, the vitality of the subprostrate sophora seed stored at 4 ℃ is reduced slowly, the germination rate after 6 months and the initial germination rate have no obvious difference statistically, but the germination rate after 9 months and the initial germination rate have obvious difference statistically, so that the storage condition of the sample is determined as that the storage period is 6 months under the drying condition at 4 ℃.
< determination experiment of water content of Sophora Subprostrata seed >
Experiment 1: according to the relevant requirements of ISTA and GB/T3543, the oven method for determining the water content of the subprostrate sophora seed is 102-104 ℃ and the drying time is 8h by comparing and researching different oven temperatures and drying times (the high constant temperature is 131 +/-1 ℃, the drying time is 3h, the sampling time is 1 time in 20min, the low constant temperature is 103 +/-1 ℃, the drying time is 10h, and the sampling time is once every 0.5 h) and combining the seed water loss rule.
< determination experiment of thousand seed weight of Sophora Subprostrata seed >
And performing comparative analysis of a full-scale method, a thousand-grain method and a hundred-grain method on the subprostrate sophora seeds according to GB/T3543 to determine a proper subprostrate sophora seed weight measuring method. The test results are shown in table 7 below:
TABLE 7 Sophora Subprostrata seed weight measurement results
(Note: lower case letters are at a 0.05 significance level and upper case letters are at a 0.01 significance level.)
As can be seen from Table 7, the results obtained by the hundred-grain method, the thousand-grain method and the full-quantity method are not different at the significant level of 5% and 1%, which indicates that the hundred-grain method, the thousand-grain method and the full-quantity method are all applicable to the weight measurement of the subprostrate sophora seeds, and the full-quantity method is simple and convenient to operate and can effectively save manpower and material resources, so that the method for measuring the thousand-grain weight of the subprostrate sophora seeds is selected and used.
< determination experiment of method for measuring seed Germination ratio of Sophora Subprostrata >
And setting a comparison experiment through a single variable method to determine the temperature, the illumination time, the illumination intensity and the statistical time of the cultured subprostrate sophora seeds when the germination rate of the subprostrate sophora seeds is measured.
Experiment 1: determination of the germination temperature
Under the same other culture conditions, 6 constant temperature incubators with the temperature of 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃ and 35 ℃ are arranged, 400 seeds in each part are respectively placed in 6 incubators for culture, and the germination results of the seeds at different temperatures are shown in the following table 8;
TABLE 8 Subprostrate sophora seed germination results at different temperatures
| Germination temperature (. degree.C.) | Dew time (d) | Statistics of germination Rate time (d) | Percentage of germination (%) |
| 10 | 33 | 41 | |
| 15 | 16 | 38 | |
| 20 | 5 | 21 | |
| 25 | 6 | 20 | |
| 30 | 7 | 19 | |
| 35 | 7 | 20 | 54bB |
(Note: lower case letters are at a 0.05 significance level and upper case letters are at a 0.01 significance level.)
As can be seen from Table 8 and FIG. 2, analysis of variance was performed on the final germination rates at each temperature, with no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the final germination rates at 4 temperature conditions of 15 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 25 deg.C and 30 deg.C, and significant difference (P < 0.05) in the final germination rates at 35 deg.C and 10 deg.C. In the test, the higher the germination temperature is, the more the seeds are rotten, and the rotten rate of the seeds is almost 0 at the germination temperature of 10 ℃. The final germination rate is the highest under the constant temperature condition of 15 ℃, but the required germination time is longer and is almost 1 time of the required germination time of 25 ℃, so that the optimal culture temperature for the subprostrate sophora seed germination is selected to be 25 ℃ according to the measurement result.
Experiment 2: determination of germinating beds
Culturing at constant temperature of 25 deg.C under the same other culture conditions, setting 4 germination beds on paper (TP), Between Paper (BP), on sand (TS) and in sand (S), and the test results of different germination beds are shown in Table 9;
TABLE 9 germination results of subprostrate sophora seeds of different germination beds
| Germinating bed | Paper (TP) | Paper room (BP) | Sand (TS) | In sand (S) |
| Percentage of germination (%) | 85aA | 79bB | 77bB | 0cC |
(Note: lower case letters are at a 0.05 significance level and upper case letters are at a 0.01 significance level.)
As can be seen from Table 9, the paper of the present invention was selected as a germination bed to measure the germination rate of the subprostrate sophora seeds, because it has a higher germination rate and is more convenient to observe when used as a germination bed on paper.
Experiment 3: germination light exposure time test
As can be seen from FIG. 2, under the same other culture conditions, the paper is used as the germinating bed, which is divided into two conditions of light and dark, and 6 constant temperature culture incubators with 10 deg.C, 15 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 25 deg.C, 30 deg.C and 35 deg.C are arranged. The test result shows that under the same germination temperature, the germination rates of the subprostrate sophora seeds under illumination and dark culture have no obvious difference (P & gt 0.05), wherein the germination rate under dark culture at 15-25 ℃ is slightly higher than that under light culture, the germination rates under light culture at 30 ℃, 35 ℃ and 10 ℃ are slightly higher than that under dark culture, the continuous illumination time in every 24h is 8h, and the illumination intensity is 2000LX in the experiment as the culture condition.
Experiment 4: test duration and seedling identification test
The results of observation experiments 1-3 show that the germination rule of the subprostrate sophora seeds is as follows: the subprostrate sophora seed normally sprouted under the condition of fixed illumination firstly breaks through the seed coat (exposed white) for the radicle (primary root), and then the hypocotyl is elongated. When the hypocotyl is about 1-2mm long, the cotyledon peels off the seed coat or part of the seed coat, the hypocotyl gradually changes to green, and the cotyledon gradually changes to green or yellow-green. The hypocotyls are further elongated, the cotyledons are opened and the seedling is upright. The radicle is further elongated and some seedlings have secondary roots.
The paper is used as a germination bed, the continuous illumination time is 8h within 24h, the illumination intensity is 2000LX, when the paper is cultured in an incubator at 25 ℃, the peak period of the exposure of the subprostrate seeds to white is 5-10d, the peak period of the seedling is 8-16d, but no germination occurs until 20d for 3 days, so the primary counting time is 16d, the final counting time (test duration) is 20d, and 99% of seedlings with normal cotyledon emergence and non-stop radicle development can be observed to develop into normal seedlings.
The seedlings were observed to be classified into the following types:
a. and (3) complete seedling: the root system is well developed, and has obvious primary roots and secondary roots, and the primary roots are white, long and thin. Two cotyledons, germinated in the unearthed cotyledons, with elongated epicotyls and hypocotyls, green. Two primary leaves, single leaf, opposite, usually green or yellowish green.
b. Seedlings with minor defects: local damage to the primary root or slightly retarded growth. Cotyledon local damage, but normal function (using 50% rule) is maintained for half or more of the total area of cotyledon tissue.
c. Secondarily infected seedlings: seedlings have developed but are severely rotted, observed and examined not to be caused by infection of the seeds themselves, but by fungal or bacterial attack, and it can be confirmed that all major structures remain.
d. Damaged seedlings: incomplete or severely damaged seedling architecture, failure to balance normal growers. If the seedling has no primary root, the embryonic axis, the cotyledon, the primary leaf and the bud are lost, cracked, shrunk and rotten;
e. malformed or asymmetric seedlings: seedlings are mainly malformed in their structure, unbalanced in development or weak in growth. Such as the shortness and thickness of primary roots, swelling and slimness, swelling and curling, deformity, discoloration and necrosis of cotyledons and primary leaves, deep cracking, severe distortion or bending of hypocotyls and slimness of the embryonic axis, and no further development of seedlings after the cotyledons appear;
f. rotting the seedlings: the main structures of the seedlings are diseased or rotten so severely as to impede the normal development of the seedlings.
Wherein the seedlings designated by a, b and c are normal sprouting seedlings, and the seedlings designated by d, e and f are abnormal sprouting seedlings.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The method for evaluating the quality of the subprostrate sophora seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
dividing seed batches: harvesting the seeds in the same producing area and the same period, dividing seed batches with the total weight of 1000Kg-20000Kg, and extracting seeds with the total weight of not less than 1000g from each seed batch to serve as test samples;
selecting an evaluation factor: taking the water content of the seeds, the thousand seed weight, the germination rate of the seeds and the purity of the seeds as evaluation factors, wherein the seeds required by the determination of the water content of the seeds, the thousand seed weight, the germination rate of the seeds and the purity of the seeds are picked from a sample to be tested and respectively defined as seeds I, seeds II, seeds III and seeds IV, and the weights of the seeds I, the seeds II, the seeds III and the seeds IV are respectively not less than ten percent, fifteen percent, six percent and forty percent of the total weight of the sample to be tested;
determining the weight of the evaluation factor: determining the water content of the evaluation factors, the thousand seed weight, the germination rate and the purity of the seeds as 0.185, 0.175, 0.425 and 0.215 respectively;
determining the evaluation index of the evaluation factor:
measuring the water content of the seeds I as a according to the formula:
calculating the evaluation index of the water content of the seeds in the seed batch, wherein a>At 0.75, taking A to 0 as an evaluation index of the seed moisture content of the seed batch;
b is measured as the thousand seed weight of the seed II, when b>When the weight of B is less than or equal to 160g, the formula is as follows:
calculating an evaluation index of thousand seed weight of the seeds in the seed lot;
measuring the germination rate of the seeds III as C, and taking the C as an evaluation index of the germination rate of the seeds in the seed batch;
measuring the purity of the seed IV as D, and taking the D as an evaluation index of the seed purity of the seed batch;
step five, determining the quality grade of the subprostrate sophora seeds: according to the formula: calculating an evaluation index value when PI is 0.185A +0.175B +0.425C + 0.215D;
the seed quality of the seed lot is excellent when the PI is more than or equal to 0.95, the seed quality of the seed lot is excellent when the PI is more than or equal to 0.85 and less than 0.95, the seed quality of the seed lot is medium when the PI is more than or equal to 0.75 and less than 0.85, the seed quality of the seed lot is medium when the PI is more than or equal to 0.65 and less than 0.75, and the seed quality of the seed lot is poor when the PI is less than 0.65.
2. The method for evaluating the quality of subprostrate sophora seeds of claim 1, wherein the method for measuring the water content of the seeds I in the fourth step comprises: dividing the seeds I into a plurality of parts by weight, weighing each part of seeds 4-5gAfter heavy is WniCutting into 3-5mm slices, placing in a glass weighing bottle, weighing with a bottle cap to obtain WnjTaking off the bottle cap, placing the bottle cap in a constant-temperature drying oven, adjusting the temperature of the constant-temperature drying oven to 102-105 ℃, drying for 8 hours, covering the bottle cap, taking out the bottle cap with the bottle cap, and weighing the bottle cap to be W'njThe water content of each seed is measured according to a formula
Wherein, WniWeight before slicing of nth seed, WnjIs the weight of the nth seed with the bottle and lid before drying, W'njWeight of the nth seed with bottle and cap after drying, HniThe water content of the nth seed is shown according to the formula:
and (d) measuring the water content of the seeds I, wherein a is the water content of the seeds in the seed batch.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the glass weighing bottle comprises:
inverting the quadrangular frustum pyramid shaped bottle body;
the plurality of box bodies are arranged in a manner that the top surfaces are open, the bottom surfaces are in a mesh structure cuboid shape, and the plurality of box bodies are detachably arranged in the bottle body at intervals up and down and are parallel to the bottom of the bottle body;
the slice is paved at the bottom of the box body, the bottle cap can be arranged on the box body in a sealing mode, the bottle cap is arranged on the bottle body in a covering mode when the slice is placed in the oven for weighing, the bottle cap is taken out when the slice is placed in the oven, and the bottle cap is arranged on the bottle body when the slice is taken out from the oven for weighing.
4. The method for evaluating the quality of subprostrate sophora seeds of claim 1, wherein the method for measuring the thousand seed weight of the seeds II in the fourth step is a full weight method, and comprises the following steps: counting the seeds II through a seed counter to obtain the number of the seeds II, and weighing to obtain the weight of the seeds II according to the formula:
and (c) measuring the thousand seed weight of the seeds II, wherein the thousand seed weight of the seeds of the seed batch is b.
5. The method for evaluating the quality of subprostrate sophora seeds of claim 1, wherein the germination percentage of the seeds III in the fourth step is determined by: dividing the seeds III into a plurality of parts according to the seed number of 50-60 seeds in each part, and counting the seeds in each part by a seed counter to obtain the seed number of each part and recording as XniAfter each seed is sterilized, uniformly arranging the extending parts of the radicles on a culture dish upwards, putting the culture dish into an illumination incubator, controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃, keeping the illumination time to be 8h within 24h, and the illumination intensity to be 2000LX, respectively counting the number of the normal sprouts of each seed on the 16 th day of culture and recording the number as YniRemoving the seeds with normal germination, and counting the number of normal germination of each residual seed on the 20 th day and recording as ZniAccording to the formula:
obtaining the germination rate of each part of seeds according to the formula:
calculating the germination rate of the seeds III, namely the germination rate of the seeds of the seed batch, wherein YniCounting the number of normal sprouts of the nth seed on the 16 th day of culture, ZniCounting the number of normal germination of the rest seeds for the nth seed on the 20 th day of culture, cniThe germination rate of the nth seed is shown.
6. The method for evaluating the quality of the subprostrate sophora seed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the purity of the seed iv in the fourth step is determined by: counting the seeds IV by a seed counter to obtain the seeds IV with the number of seeds M1Determining the number M of pure seeds in the seeds IV2According to the formula:
and (3) measuring the purity of the seed IV, namely the purity of the seed batch, wherein the pure seed is measured by an appearance morphology method: seeds with hilum, length of 7.25-11.40 mm, width of 5.01-9.04 mm, and color difference CA value less than or equal to 1.5.
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