CN106714714A - 用于从主动脉瓣膜小叶消融钙化组织的经导管设备 - Google Patents

用于从主动脉瓣膜小叶消融钙化组织的经导管设备 Download PDF

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CN106714714A
CN106714714A CN201580029969.4A CN201580029969A CN106714714A CN 106714714 A CN106714714 A CN 106714714A CN 201580029969 A CN201580029969 A CN 201580029969A CN 106714714 A CN106714714 A CN 106714714A
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extremity piece
calcified tissue
equipment
band
valve
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CN106714714B (zh
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B·佩恩
M·沃拉
E·帕斯奎诺
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Oti Kleber Stock Co Ltd
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne
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Aorticlab Sarl
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205Excision instruments
    • A61B17/3207Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A61B17/320783Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions through side-hole, e.g. sliding or rotating cutter inside catheter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B17/22004Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
    • A61B17/22012Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
    • A61B17/2202Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement the ultrasound transducer being inside patient's body at the distal end of the catheter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205Excision instruments
    • A61B17/3207Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A61B17/320758Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions with a rotating cutting instrument, e.g. motor driven
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2496Devices for determining the dimensions of the prosthetic valve to be implanted, e.g. templates, sizers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22038Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with a guide wire
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22051Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with an inflatable part, e.g. balloon, for positioning, blocking, or immobilisation
    • A61B2017/22065Functions of balloons
    • A61B2017/22071Steering
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22079Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with suction of debris
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22097Valve removal in veins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2017/22098Decalcification of valves
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205Excision instruments
    • A61B17/3207Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A61B17/320783Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions through side-hole, e.g. sliding or rotating cutter inside catheter
    • A61B2017/320791Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions through side-hole, e.g. sliding or rotating cutter inside catheter with cutter extending outside the cutting window
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3966Radiopaque markers visible in an X-ray image

Abstract

一种用于在主动脉瓣膜的小叶处消融钙化组织的经导管设备,其特征在于,其包括挠性体(1),该挠性体(1)用作导管并且具有柔软且挠性的端件(2),该端件(2)与先前插入的导丝(g)接合,该导丝(g)适于在需要被移除钙化组织的部分上方穿过瓣膜的小叶,所述端件(2)具有至少一个切割系统(3),所述切割系统(3)包括同轴地彼此重叠布置的两个电动的旋转切割头(3a)和(3b),头(3a)位于端件的端部,并且用于率先移除钙化组织,其具有适于通过研磨进行粗切割的构造,而另一头(3b)具有适于通过研磨进行精细切割的构造,所述切割系统与真空抽吸装置(4)组合安装,所述端件(2)配备有可调节引导装置(5),该可调节引导装置(5)适于在由所述切割系统(3)执行的消融操作期间与钙化组织接合,并且对所述端件产生螺旋路径效应。

Description

用于从主动脉瓣膜小叶消融钙化组织的经导管设备
技术领域
本发明涉及手术和介入性心脏病学,并且具体地,涉及用于消融尤其是心脏瓣膜的钙化组织的经导管设备。
背景技术
众所周知的是,主动脉瓣膜的严重疾病主要是由于瓣膜的退化性钙化,这种钙化随着年纪的增长而加剧。因此,当瓣膜变得极为狭窄并且出现临床症状时,需要手术干预,从而替换瓣膜或者通过经导管途径(以缩写TAVI为人们所知)植入瓣膜。
已经发现,在钙核的浓度过高并且失衡时,经由TAVI将主动脉瓣膜植入穿过钙化的主动脉瓣膜经常导致瓣周漏。这些泄漏可能对患者的预期寿命产生影响。由于在TAVI期间存在钙而导致的另一并发症是栓塞,其可以引起冠状动脉栓塞、在手术期间产生梗塞、或者脑栓塞(这导致医源性中风),它们由TAVI导致,并且是这种技术的局限之一。
临床试验已经表明,至少10%的患者在心电图期间具有二叶式主动脉瓣状况。二尖瓣的形态是限制成功TAVI的条件。其原因在于:在二叶式主动脉瓣的情况下,组织的矿化是不对称的,与其他主动脉瓣膜相比,其瓣膜和瓣环的钙化率十分高并且分布反常。因此,在这些条件下,TAVI的植入具有若干主要的临床缺陷,例如瓣周漏的存在(这种泄漏可能是显著的)或者TAVI植入物的移动。
为了获得TAVI情况下的良好结果,极为重要的是,将瓣膜放置在尽可能规则的表面上,从而避免变形,这种变形可能导致假体排斥的开始,目标是最小化瓣周漏,这种瓣周漏以不同的方式影响TAVI的至少80%。
发明内容
基于现有技术的分析,本发明解决的一个问题在于提供一种适于通过经由TAVI的主动脉瓣膜植入而从主动脉瓣膜的小叶内和小叶上移除钙化组织和增殖体的装置。因此,目标在于:通过经导管的方式允许钙从瓣膜上部分或完全消融,并且由此为了植入瓣膜而优化表面。
为了解决该问题并且实现这些目标,设想和开发了一种经导管设备以消融原生主动脉瓣膜的钙化小叶,该设备包括软体,该软体用作导管并且具有柔软且挠性的端件,该端件与导丝接合,该导丝先前被插入并且适于在需要被移除钙化组织的部分的上方穿过瓣膜的小叶,所述端件具有至少一个切割系统,所述切割系统与真空抽吸装置组合安装,所述端件配备有可调节引导装置,该可调节引导装置适于在由所述切割系统执行的消融操作期间与钙化组织接合,并且对所述端件产生螺旋路径效应。
从本发明的特征可以明显看出,经导管消融设备被设计成从主动脉根部被直接引入,并且直接刺穿上行的主动脉,例如,通过小开胸术的经主动脉进入,或者内窥套针,或者通过股动脉的经导管进入,或者通过其他外围血管的进入。
为了解决确保切割系统与钙化组织的消融的完美接触(其导致最优的去钙化),可调节引导装置是一软带,其适于以圆形的方式展开从而与钙化组织接触。
应该注意到,可以总是以圆形的方式调节软带的扩张,从而逐渐扩展开去钙化区。还应该注意到,在已经执行了组织的消融之后,展开带的长度提供了主动脉根部的直径的正确估计,由此允许选择适当尺寸的TAVI植入物。
有利地,带以相对于端件偏心的方式展开。
在一种实施方式中,带一方面与旋转轴组合安装并且另一方面与导管的固定部分组合安装,其中,旋转轴由能够从导管外部接近的操纵元件致动,并且所述带在施加在所述操纵元件上的动作的作用下从所述固定部分展开,以增加带的直径,直到其与主动脉瓣膜的壁接触。
带的一端固定到旋转轴上,从而卷绕在轴上,并且突出穿过导管的开口,以使其另一端固定在所述导管的由狭槽形成的部分上,从而允许所述带以离心方式突出。
为了解决切割和移除钙化小叶和周围组织的问题,切割系统具有同轴地彼此重叠布置的两个电动的旋转切割头,头位于端件的端部,并且用于率先移除钙化组织,其具有适于通过研磨进行粗切割的构造,而另一头具有适于通过研磨进行精细切割的构造。切割头以平行于端件的母线的方式从端件侧向地突出。
有利地,抽吸装置与切割头的驱动同步,组织残渣通过安装在导管内的至少一个抽吸管而被排空。
根据其他特征,挠性的端件由诸如硅酮的聚合物材料制成,其具有不透辐射的标记物以监测其在操作区中的位置。
该设备包括测力系统,该测力系统适于在切割系统通过带维持与钙化组织接触的位置处测量将在给定压力下植入瓣膜处的主动脉直径。
如已经表明的,去钙化设备可以在直接刺穿上行主动脉的情况下或者通过经股动脉经导管的方法或其他方法而直接被引入到主动脉根部,但其也可以使用所有已知且适当类型的引导器来定位。
附图说明
结合附图更详细地解释了本发明,附图中:
图1是示出了经导管植入设备的有效部分的透视和部分截面视图。
图2示出了用于在定位带展开之前消融和吸入残渣的端件的放大多倍的和示意性的横截面视图。
图3是对应于图2的在定位带展开之后的视图。
图4-17示出了通过图1、2和3中所示的根据本发明的设备在原生主动脉瓣膜的小叶处经导管地消融钙化组织的主要步骤。
具体实施方式
消融设备直接由导管组成,该导管的尺寸允许其用在这种类型的手术中,或者插入在任何已知且适当的类型的导入导管中。
如图1所示,具体地,该设备包括软体1,该软体用作导管并且具有柔软和挠性的端件2,该端件适于穿过钙化原生瓣膜的小叶,并且位于需要被移除钙化物质的部分的上方,所述端件能够与导丝g接合。端件2具有与真空抽吸装置4组合安装的至少一个切割系统3。端件2额外地配备有可调节引导装置5,其适于在由切割系统3执行的消融操作期间与钙化组织接合,并且对所述端件2产生螺旋路径效应。
如下述说明所指示的,沿着螺旋轨迹进行组织的消融,该螺旋轨迹始于中心,并且通过切割系统3经由对着组织边缘的旋转平移而延伸到瓣膜的周缘。通过与其他引导装置5结合将切割系统3的侧向压力施加在钙化组织上而获得去钙化,而且一旦瓣膜被完全清洁,就避免切割主动脉壁。
引导装置5由软带组成,该软带适于在与钙化组织接触的位置以圆形的方式展开。有利地,带5以相对于端件2偏心的方式展开(图2和3)。在一种实施方式中,带5一方面与旋转轴6组合安装,其中,该旋转轴由可从导管1的外部接近的操作元件控制,并且另一方面带5与端件2的固定部分组合安装,所述带5从该固定部分展开。更具体地,带5的一端固定到旋转轴6上,从而卷绕在轴上,并且突出穿过端件2的开口2a,以使其另一端固定在所述端件的固定部分上。在所示的实例中,该固定部分由狭槽2b形成,以允许所述带以偏心的方式突出(图3)。
如下文将描述的,在沿着螺旋路径的逐步去钙化期间,该带5允许切割系统3保持与在所述带的偏心移动和其直径增加的效应之下被移除的剩余组织的接触。如果组织消融从原生瓣膜的中心进行到其周缘,那么重要的是使切割系统和钙化组织之间形成一些接触。
切割系统3具有两个电动的旋转切割头3a和3b,它们同轴地彼此重叠布置。切割头3a和3b以平行于端件2的母线的方式从端件2侧向地突出。位于端件2的端部并且在导管的垂直位置中的头3b之下的头3a能够用于率先移除钙化组织,因为其具有适于通过磨削而执行粗切割的齿状构造。相反,布置在头3a之上的另一头3b具有适于通过磨削执行精细切割的构造。这些特点允许操作者使去钙化适于钙化的原生瓣膜的类型和密度,并且根据将被植入的瓣膜实现结果。
在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,可以设想其他切割系统,例如,超声系统。
抽吸装置有利地与切割系统3的驱动同步。这种抽吸装置(其可以是任何已知且适当的类型)受到安装在端件2和导管1的内部的抽吸导管4的控制。
现在参考图4-17,这些图示出了用于放置经导管设备和用于在原生主动脉瓣膜的小叶处消融钙化组织的不同顺序。图4示出了在放置导丝g之后的主动脉根部,该导丝g以已知的方式接合,从而穿过狭窄的主动脉瓣膜。
呈挠性管1形式的经导管设备(例如与其端件2一起)通过与导丝g合作而被插入,从而在需要被移除的钙化的部分的上方被引导(图5和6)。在荧光透视和TEE下,不透辐射的标记识别导管1上的消融部分。一个标记物位于主动脉瓣膜之上,而另一个标记物位于其之下。
照此,消融手术可以通过首先使用具有粗齿的切割头3a(图7和8),随后使用具有精细齿的切割头3b(图11)而得以进行。
用于消融钙化组织的手术始于原生瓣膜的中心(图9),并且以螺旋路径继续进行,其中,消融头逐渐旋转(图10和11),并且带5离心地展开以维持切割头3与钙化组织的连续接触(图13)。具有精细齿的切割头3b随后可以用于移除钙化组织(图14)。
如所示的,在去钙化手术期间,以与切割系统3同步的方式操作抽吸系统4,从而通过位于导管1内的抽吸管排空钙残渣和原生瓣膜的小叶的纤维。
如果介入是在循环血液中进行而不是在体外管路中进行时,这种抽吸是尤其重要的。
照此,去钙化手术可以继续,直到原生小叶足够薄,或者直到完全实现小叶的消融,从而鉴于特定主动脉瓣膜假体的植入而留下干净的主动脉根部。
有利地,当钙消融手术完成时,手术人员能够使用带5测量主动脉根部的直径。该带实际上可以配备有测量系统和测力计,从而有可能在特定压力下测量主动脉根部的直径,可从导管外部看到读数。该主动脉根部处于特定压力下的事实是重要的,因为该条件提供了手术人员所需的与主动脉瓣环(其已经部分或完全地去钙化)的残余弹性有关的信息,从而选择正确的尺寸和正确的瓣膜假体。
一旦完成了去钙化操作,就移除导管(图16),并且TAVI瓣膜通过引导器而被放置就位(图16和17)。
根据说明书,优势是显而易见的。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于在主动脉瓣膜的小叶处消融钙化组织的经导管设备,其特征在于,该设备包括软体(1),该软体(1)用作导管并且具有柔软且挠性的端件(2),该端件(2)与导丝(g)接合,该导丝(g)先前被引入并且适于在需要被移除钙化组织处穿过小叶,所述端件(2)具有至少一个切割系统(3),所述切割系统(3)包括同轴地彼此重叠布置的两个电动的旋转切割头(3a、3b),一旋转切割头(3a)位于端件的端部处、用于率先移除钙化组织并且具有适于通过研磨进行粗切割的构造,而另一旋转切割头(3b)具有适于通过研磨进行精细切割的构造,所述切割系统与真空抽吸装置(4)组合安装,所述端件(2)配备有可调节引导装置(5),该可调节引导装置(5)适于在由所述切割系统(3)执行的消融操作期间与钙化组织接合,并且对所述端件产生螺旋路径效应。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,可调节引导装置是软带(5),该软带(5)适于在与钙化组织接触的位置以圆形的方式展开。
3.如权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,带(5)以相对于端件(2)离心的方式展开。
4.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,切割头(3a、3b)以平行于端件的母线的方式从端件侧向地突出。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,抽吸装置与切割头的驱动同步,组织残渣通过安装在导管内的至少一个抽吸管(4)而被排空。
6.如权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,带(5)一方面与旋转轴(6)组合安装并且另一方面与端件的固定部分组合安装,其中,旋转轴(6)由能够从导管外部接近的操纵元件致动,并且所述带(5)在施加在所述操纵元件上的动作的作用下从所述固定部分展开,以增加带的直径,直到该带与主动脉瓣膜的壁接触。
7.如权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,带(5)的一端固定到旋转轴上,从而卷绕在旋转轴上,并且突出以穿过端件的开口(2a),以使其另一端固定在所述端件的由狭槽(2b)形成的固定部分上,从而允许所述带以离心方式突出。
8.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,柔软的端件(2)由诸如硅酮的聚合物材料制成,其具有不透辐射的标记物以监测其在操作区中的位置。
9.如权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,该设备包括测力系统,该测力系统适于在切割系统通过带(5)维持与钙化组织接触的位置处测量将在给定压力下植入瓣膜处的主动脉直径。
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