CN106712940A - System and method for measuring device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) - Google Patents
System and method for measuring device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) Download PDFInfo
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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Abstract
The invention provides a system and method for measuring device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD). The system comprises a first-party device, a second-party device and a third-party device which are connected through a transmission channel, wherein both the first-party device and the second-party device comprise a controller, a processor and multiple lasers; the multiple lasers are used for respectively preparing the signal states and decoy states corresponding to two eigenstates of the signal measurement base and decoying the two decoy states of the measurement base; the controller selects one of the two groups of measurement bases, selects the signal states or the decoy states prepared by the corresponding lasers according to the selected measurement bases, and sends the signal states or the decoy states to the third-party device; the processor implements key post-processing on the received measurement results to obtain a secure key; and the third-party device implements Bell-state measurement on the received quantum state and releases the measurement results. By adopting the system and method provided by the invention, the number of the adopted lasers can be reduced without decreasing the performance of a QKD system, and thus the cost of the device can be lowered, the complexity of the device can be reduced, and more space of the client device can be saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to quantum information technology field, more particularly to a kind of measurement and device-independent quantum key distribution system
System and method.
Background technology
Quantum key distribution (QKD) technology is a kind of based on quantum-mechanical technology.The technology is two validated users：
Even if Alice and Bob provide it is a kind of still can be in the method for secure shared key in the presence of having listener-in Eve.
After success shared key, two users can be encrypted with the information to be transmitted to itself of the shared key, so that real
Existing secure communication.
In quantum key distribution technology, BB84 agreements are most famous, by most popular quantum key distribution agreement.
In the agreement, photon is encoded by the polarization of light, photon polarizes base (i.e. vertically with equiprobability random coded in level
Z bases, also referred to as straight measurement base) or positive and negative 45 degree of polarizations base (i.e. X bases, also referred to as oblique measurement base) on.Alice is randomly generated a string
0th, the number string of 1 bit, when she selects to be encoded under Z bases, Alice is encoded into 0 | and 0>, 1 is encoded into | 1>；When in X
When being encoded under base, Alice is then encoded into 0：And be encoded into 1：
Then, the photon after coding is sent to Bob by Alice by quantum channel, Bob with equiprobability using X bases or Z bases measure by
The photon that Alice sends, afterwards Alice and Bob oneself coding is announced in certified classical channel and the base of selection is measured,
Filter out the data that they select identical base to be encoded and measured.The security of this agreement be based on non-orthogonal state it
Between cannot completely be differentiated by measurement, therefore, in theory, quantum key distribution technology is provided based on physical law without bar
Part safety.
However, in actual applications, quantum optics key distribution system uses weak coherent light source, can not accomplish to pass
The requirement of single-photon light source in system quantum key distribution agreement, multi-photon causes the reduction of the security of key, pin into branch
Attack to this phenomenon has number of photons to divide attack (Photon Number Splitting Attack).In order to solve this
Problem, it is proposed that inveigle state quantum key distribution agreement.In the agreement, encoded by the photon to varying strength, it is right
Some crucial parameters give preferably estimation, so as to preferably analyze the security of quantum key, improve into code check.
However, potential safety hazard is similarly deposited at detector end, many attacks for detector end are also occurred in that, for example, time shift is attacked
(Time shift attack), blinding attacks (blinding attack) etc., so that it is difficult to ensure that the safety of information.
In order to solve this problem, it is proposed that measurement and device-independent quantum key distribution agreement (MDIQKD).The association
The security of view is no longer dependent on any of detector end it is assumed that solving the potential safety hazard at detector end, there is provided unconditional
Safety.Two users (for example, Alice and Bob), and and not trusted relaying (Charlie) are included in the agreement.This
In Charlie be possibly even listener-in.User sends four states in BB84 agreements to relaying with certain probability, in relaying
Place carries out Bel's state measurement, and externally announces whether measurement succeeds, and measurement result；Measurement result is analyzed, according to
The bit error rate ensures that the key that they share is identical using error correction (Error correction), the method amplified using privacy
(Privacy amplification), reduces the length of key, so that by after the erasing of information that listener-in is known is fallen
To the safe key for being not based on measuring apparatus.
Measurement with device-independent quantum key distribution agreement and inveigle state technology solve well detector end and
Potential safety hazard at source.In above-mentioned agreement in the prior art, two basic vectors of Z bases have been used to encode | 0>、|1>And X bases
Two basic vectors coding |+>, |->.The selection of two basic vector light intensity be it is symmetrical, and two basic vectors all send trick state with
And the photon of signal state.By taking general the most frequently used empty state+weak trick state (vacuum+weak decoy) as an example, empty state is not required to
Laser is wanted, each basic vector there are two kinds of light intensity of signal state and weak trick state, and two lasers are required under each basic vector
Go to send different codings, so needing 2 × 2 × 2=8 laser altogether.Therefore, in the MDIQKD systems of practical application
In, the quantity of the laser for using is relatively more, and the quantity of laser also increases the cost of equipment, while increased in operation
Difficulty.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides one kind measurement and device-independent quantum key distribution system and method, can be with
While the performance of quantum key distribution system is not reduced, the number of used laser is reduced, so as to greatly reduce
Equipment cost, reduces equipment complexity, more saves the space of ustomer premises access equipment.
What technical scheme was specifically realized in：
One kind measurement and device-independent quantum key distribution system, the system include：First party device, second party device
And third party device；
The first party device, second party device and third party device are connected by transmission channel；
The first party device and second party device include：, controller, processor and multiple laser；
The multiple laser, be respectively used to prepare corresponding with two eigenstate difference of signal measurement base signal state,
Two corresponding with two eigenstate difference of signal measurement base are inveigled state and distinguished with two eigenstates of measurement base are inveigled
Corresponding two tricks state；
The controller, for selecting a kind of survey from measurement base and signal measurement base is inveigled according to default select probability
Amount base, and laser institute corresponding with selected measurement base is selected according to selected measurement base and default sending probability
The signal state of preparation inveigles state, and by selected signal state or inveigles state to be sent to third party device；
The processor, for according to the measurement result for receiving, carrying out key post processing, obtains safe key；
The third party device, for carrying out Bel's state measurement to the quantum state for receiving, obtains measurement result and to described
First device and second party device announce the measurement result.
Preferably, the processor, is additionally operable to contrast first party device and second party device in transmission by common signal channel
The measurement base used during each quantum state, and retain the quantum state for having used identical measurement base, abandon and used different measurements
The quantum state of base, obtains measurement data result；Measurement data result to being retained judges whether according to Bel's state measurement result
Need to carry out bit reverse turn operation, and using the measurement data result after treatment as primary key；Selected from primary key
Going out a part of data carries out quantum bit error rate detection, right when testing result is no more than default quantum bit error rate threshold value
Remaining primary key is implemented error correction and is amplified with privacy, and the key that will be finally obtained is used as last key.
Preferably, the first party device and second party device include 3 lasers：First laser device, second laser
Device and the 3rd laser；
The first laser device, for preparing signal state corresponding with two eigenstate difference of signal measurement base；
The second laser, for preparing two tricks state corresponding with two eigenstate difference of signal measurement base；
3rd laser, state is inveigled for preparing with corresponding two of two eigenstate difference of measurement base are inveigled.
Preferably, the first party device and second party device include 6 lasers：Laser one, laser two, swash
Light device three, laser four, laser five and laser six；
The laser one, for preparing signal state corresponding with the first eigenstate of signal measurement base；
The laser two, for preparing signal state corresponding with the second eigenstate of signal measurement base；
The laser three, for preparing trick state corresponding with the first eigenstate of signal measurement base；
The laser four, for preparing trick state corresponding with the second eigenstate of signal measurement base
The laser five, for the corresponding trick state of the first eigenstate for preparing with inveigle measurement base；
The laser six, for the corresponding trick state of the second eigenstate for preparing with inveigle measurement base.
Preferably, the transmission channel is optical fiber or free space.
A kind of measurement and device-independent quantum key delivering method are additionally provided in the present invention, the method includes following step
Suddenly：
Any one measurement base is selected from two kinds of measurement bases as measurement base is inveigled, using another measurement base as letter
Number measurement base；Wherein, the signal measurement base is used to prepare two eigenstate difference corresponding two with the signal measurement base
Individual signal state or two tricks state corresponding with two eigenstate difference of the signal measurement base；The trick measurement base is used for
Prepare two tricks state corresponding with two eigenstate difference of the trick measurement base；
First party device and second party device select one according to default select probability from described two measurement bases respectively
Plant measurement base；According to selected measurement base and default sending probability prepare the corresponding signal state of selected measurement base or
State is inveigled, and prepared signal state or trick state are sent to third party device；
Third party device carries out Bel's state measurement to the quantum state for receiving, and obtains measurement result and to first device and second
Square device announces the measurement result；
First party device and second party device carry out key post processing according to the measurement result announced, and obtain safe
Key.
Preferably, described two measurement bases are Z bases and X bases；
Wherein, to inveigle measurement base, Z bases are signal measurement base to X bases；Or, Z bases to inveigle measurement base, for signal survey by X bases
Amount base.
Preferably, described carry out key post processing, obtaining safe key includes：
First party device and second party device are selected respectively according to the measurement result announced from transmitted quantum state
Go out the quantum state that can produce Bel's state and retain, and non-selected quantum state is abandoned；
First party device and second party device contrast first party device and second party device and are sending each by common signal channel
The measurement base used during individual quantum state, and retain the quantum state for having used identical measurement base, abandon and used different measurement bases
Quantum state, obtain measurement data result；
Any one party in first party device and second party device is surveyed to the measurement data result for being retained according to Bel's state
Amount result judges whether to need to carry out bit reverse turn operation, and using the measurement data result after treatment as primary key；
First party device and second party device pick out a part of data from primary key and carry out quantum bit error rate detection,
When testing result is no more than default quantum bit error rate threshold value, next step operation is continued executing with；Otherwise, this institute is abandoned
The primary key of acquisition；
First party device and second party device are implemented error correction to remaining primary key and are amplified with privacy, by what is finally obtained
Key is used as last key.
Preferably, when needing to carry out bit reverse turn operation, any one party in first party device and second party device
Quantum state to being retained carries out a bit reverse turn operation, and using the data result representated by the quantum state after reversion as
Primary key.
As seen from the above technical solution, in measurement of the invention and device-independent quantum key distribution system and method
In, two kinds of measurement bases are used, and a kind of measurement base is have selected from two kinds of measurement bases as signal measurement base, and by other one
Group only sends the sheet with the trick measurement base as trick measurement base, and when using measurement base quantum state is inveigled
The corresponding trick state of state is levied, the corresponding signal state of eigenstate without sending the trick measurement base, therefore in skill of the invention
In art scheme, it is only necessary to the use of the 6 kinds of quantum states (rather than 8 kinds of whole quantum states) in two kinds of measurement bases is that to be capable of achieving quantum close
The secure distribution of key, such that it is able to while the performance of quantum key distribution system is not reduced, reduce used laser
Number, so as to greatly reduce equipment cost, reduce equipment complexity, more save the space of ustomer premises access equipment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the measurement in the embodiment of the present invention and device-independent quantum key distribution system.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the measurement in the embodiment of the present invention and device-independent quantum key delivering method.
Specific embodiment
To make technical scheme and advantage become more apparent, below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, to this
Invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the measurement in the embodiment of the present invention and device-independent quantum key distribution system.Such as
Shown in Fig. 1, the measurement in the embodiment of the present invention includes with device-independent quantum key distribution system：First party device 11,
Two side's devices 12 and third party device 13；
The first party device 11, second party device 12 and third party device 13 are connected by transmission channel 14；
The first party device 11 and second party device 12 include：Multiple lasers 111, controller 112 and processor
113；
The multiple laser 111, is respectively used to prepare two eigenstate corresponding signals of difference with signal measurement base
Two corresponding with two eigenstate difference of signal measurement base of state is inveigled state and is divided with two eigenstates of measurement base are inveigled
Not corresponding two tricks state；
The controller 112, for selecting one from measurement base and signal measurement base is inveigled according to default select probability
Measurement base is planted, and laser corresponding with selected measurement base is selected according to selected measurement base and default sending probability
Signal state or trick state prepared by device, and by selected signal state or inveigle state to be sent to third party device；
The processor 113, for according to the measurement result for receiving, carrying out key post processing, obtains safe key；
The third party device 13, for carrying out Bel's state measurement to the quantum state for receiving, obtains measurement result and to institute
State first device and second party device announces the measurement result.
Preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention：
The processor 113, is additionally operable to sending each by common signal channel contrast first party device and second party device
The measurement base used during quantum state, and retain the quantum state for having used identical measurement base, abandon and used different measurement bases
Quantum state, obtains measurement data result；Measurement data result to being retained judges whether needs according to Bel's state measurement result
Carry out bit reverse turn operation, and using the measurement data result after treatment as primary key；One is picked out from primary key
Partial data carries out quantum bit error rate detection, when testing result is no more than default quantum bit error rate threshold value, to residue
Primary key implement error correction and privacy and amplify, the key that will be finally obtained is used as last key.
In the inventive solutions, the multiple laser can be 3 lasers, or 6 lasers.
For example, preferably, in one particular embodiment of the present invention, the first party device 11 and second party device 12
Include 3 lasers：First laser device, second laser and the 3rd laser；
The first laser device, for preparing signal state corresponding with two eigenstate difference of signal measurement base；
The second laser, for preparing two tricks state corresponding with two eigenstate difference of signal measurement base；
3rd laser, state is inveigled for preparing with corresponding two of two eigenstate difference of measurement base are inveigled.
In above-mentioned specific embodiment, each laser can prepare two kinds of different quantum states.
In addition, preferably, in another specific embodiment of the invention, the first party device 11 and second party device
12 include 6 lasers：Laser one, laser two, laser three, laser four, laser five and laser six；
The laser one, for preparing signal state corresponding with the first eigenstate of signal measurement base；
The laser two, for preparing signal state corresponding with the second eigenstate of signal measurement base；
The laser three, for preparing trick state corresponding with the first eigenstate of signal measurement base；
The laser four, for preparing trick state corresponding with the second eigenstate of signal measurement base
The laser five, for the corresponding trick state of the first eigenstate for preparing with inveigle measurement base；
The laser six, for the corresponding trick state of the second eigenstate for preparing with inveigle measurement base.
In above-mentioned specific embodiment, each laser can prepare a kind of quantum state, therefore, 6 lasers point
6 kinds of different quantum states are not prepared.
By above-mentioned measurement and device-independent quantum key distribution system, you can use 6 kinds in two kinds of measurement bases
Quantum state completes the distribution of quantum key.
Preferably, in a particular embodiment of the present invention, the transmission channel 13 is optical fiber or free space.
In addition, also proposed a kind of measurement and device-independent quantum key delivering method in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the measurement in the embodiment of the present invention and device-independent quantum key delivering method.Such as
Shown in Fig. 2, the measurement in the embodiment of the present invention includes with device-independent quantum key delivering method：
Step 21, selects any one measurement base as measurement base is inveigled from two kinds of measurement bases, and another is measured
Base is used as signal measurement base.Wherein, the signal measurement base is used to prepare and distinguishes with two eigenstates of the signal measurement base
Corresponding two signal states or two tricks state corresponding with two eigenstate difference of the signal measurement base；Described trick is surveyed
Amount base is then only used for preparing two tricks state corresponding with two eigenstate difference of the trick measurement base.
In the inventive solutions, two kinds of measurement bases can be first pre-selected.
For example, preferably, in a particular embodiment of the present invention, Z bases and X bases both measurement bases can be pre-selected.
After it have selected two kinds of measurement bases, you can any one measurement base is selected from above two measurement base as letter
Number measurement base, and using another measurement base as inveigling measurement base.
For example, preferably, in a particular embodiment of the present invention, if two kinds of measurement bases being pre-selected are X and two kinds of Z
Measurement base, then can be according to practical situations the need for, in advance using X bases as inveigle measurement base, and using Z bases as signal survey
Amount base.
Certainly, in the inventive solutions, it is also possible to using Z bases as trick measurement base, and surveyed X bases as signal
Amount base.
For example, using by X bases as inveigling measurement base, and using Z bases as a example by signal measurement base：
When using X bases as measurement base is inveigled, then can be used X bases to prepare intensity is v1The first kind inveigle state：“|+>
Decoy " or " |->Decoy ", wherein, |+>Decoy is the eigenstate with X bases |+>Corresponding trick state, |->Decoy be with
The eigenstate of X bases |->Corresponding trick state；
When using Z bases as signal measurement base, then Z bases can be used to prepare the corresponding signal state of two eigenstates of Z bases：
|0>With | 1>, intensity can also be prepared for v2Equations of The Second Kind inveigle state：“|0>Decoy " and " | 1>Decoy ", wherein, | 0>
Decoy be with | 0>Corresponding trick state, | 1>Decoy be with | 1>Corresponding trick state.
Therefore, in above-mentioned preferred embodiment, it is only necessary to use 6 kinds of following quantum states：
|+>Decoy, |->decoy、|0>decoy、|1>decoy、|0>With | 1>.
Similarly, if using Z bases as inveigling measurement base, and using X bases as signal measurement base, then only needing to use following 6
Plant quantum state：
|0>decoy、|1>decoy、|+>Decoy, |->decoy、|+>With |->.
That is, in the inventive solutions, the signal measurement base can be used for preparing signal state (i.e. letter
The corresponding signal state of eigenstate of number measurement base) and state is inveigled, and the trick measurement base is then served only for preparing and inveigles state, and simultaneously
It is not used in and prepares signal state (i.e. the corresponding signal state of eigenstate of the trick measurement base), therefore used quantum can be reduced
The quantity of state, such that it is able to reduce the quantity of used laser.
Step 22, first party device and second party device are respectively according to default select probability from described two measurement bases
Select a kind of measurement base；The corresponding letter of selected measurement base is prepared according to selected measurement base and default sending probability
Number state inveigles state, and by prepared signal state or inveigles state to be sent to third party device.
In this step, first party device and second party device will first select a kind of measurement base, then respectively according to institute
The measurement base of selection generates corresponding quantum state at random, and the quantum state that will then be generated is sent to third party device.
For example, preferably, in a particular embodiment of the present invention, if two kinds of measurement bases used in step 21 are
Two kinds of measurement bases of X bases and Z bases, and using X bases as inveigling measurement base, and using Z bases as signal measurement base, then in this step
In, first party device and second party device first can select a kind of measurement base according to default probability from X bases and Z bases, then
Corresponding quantum state is being generated according to selected measurement base at random and the quantum state is being sent to third party device.
For example, when selected measurement base is X bases (inveigling measurement base), then first party device and second party device will
Intensity is prepared at random for v using measurement base is inveigled1The corresponding trick state of eigenstate with the trick measurement base, that is, use X
Base prepares intensity for v at random1|+>Decoy or |->Decoy, and prepared trick state is sent to third party device；
When selected measurement base is Z bases (i.e. signal measurement base), first party device and second party device will use letter
The corresponding signal state of eigenstate or intensity that number measurement base prepares the signal measurement base that intensity is μ at random are v2With it is described
The corresponding trick state of eigenstate of signal measurement base, i.e., prepare a kind of quantum state in following 4 kinds of quantum states at random using Z bases：|
0>、|1>、|0>decoy、|1>decoy；Wherein, signal state | 0>Or | 1>Intensity be μ, inveigle state | 0>Decoy or | 1>
The intensity of decoy is v2；Then, prepared signal state or trick state are sent to third party device.
That is, when selected measurement base is X bases, first party device and second party device will randomly to the 3rd
Square device sends a kind of quantum state in following 2 kinds of quantum states：|+>Decoy or |->decoy；
And when selected measurement base is Z bases, first party device and second party device will randomly to third party device
Send a kind of quantum state in following 4 kinds of quantum states：|0>、|1>、|0>decoy、|1>decoy.
In addition, in the inventive solutions, first party device and second party device are using above two measurement base
During quantum state, a kind of measurement base first can be selected from two kinds of measurement bases according to default select probability, then further according to
Selected measurement base and default sending probability send corresponding signal state or inveigle state.
In the inventive solutions, the need for can be according to practical situations, above-mentioned " selection generally be pre-set
Rate "：px：pz.Wherein, pxAnd pzThe probability of selection each group measurement base is represented respectively.For example, when two groups of measurement bases being pre-selected
During for X bases and Z bases, pxAnd pzThe probability that X bases and Z bases are selected from two groups of measurement bases can respectively be represented.
Above-mentioned pxAnd pzValue can be according to being pre-set the need for practical situations.For example, can in advance by pxAnd pz
Value be set to：px：pz=1:1, it is of course also possible to be arranged to other optimal values..
For example, preferably, in a particular embodiment of the present invention, the first party device and second party device are according to default
Select probability select a kind of measurement base can be from described two measurement bases：
The first party device and second party device select a kind of measurement base from described two measurement bases at random.
Now, equivalent to first party device and second party device with 1/2 select probability from described two measurement bases
Select a kind of measurement base.
The situation of other " default select probabilities " is similar, will not be repeated here.
In addition, in the inventive solutions, it is also possible to the need for according to practical situations, pre-set above-mentioned
" sending probability "：ps：pd.Wherein, psAnd pdSelection signal state is represented respectively and inveigles probability of state.For example, working as selected survey
When amount base is signal measurement base, will be with psProbability send the corresponding signal of any one eigenstate of the signal measurement base
State, with pdProbability send the signal measurement base it is corresponding with eigenstate any one inveigle state.
Above-mentioned psAnd pdValue can be according to being pre-set the need for practical situations.For example, can in advance by psAnd pd
Value be set to：ps：pd=1:1, it is of course also possible to be arranged to other optimal values.
In addition, in the preferred embodiment, when above-mentioned sending probability is set, p can be causeds>pd, i.e., with compared with
Big probability sending signal state, and sent with less probability and inveigle state.Reason is：Signal measurement base is for producing key
, therefore sending signal probability of state should be larger.Certainly, send and inveigle the probability of state can not be too small, it is too small if by mistake
Difference is larger, can also influence result, therefore in actual application, can be to above-mentioned psAnd pdRatio according to actual parameter
In optimize.
In addition, in the inventive solutions, can also be according to practical situations the need for, pre-set above-mentioned
v1、v2With the value of u, also repeat no more herein.
Step 23, third party device carries out Bel's state measurement to the quantum state for receiving, and obtains measurement result and to the first dress
Put and announce the measurement result with second party device.
In this step, third party device will carry out shellfish to the quantum state received from first party device and second party device
You measure state, and obtain measurement result.If for example, successfully obtaining Bel's state after measurement, then it is assumed that this time measure successfully；
If not obtaining Bel's state, then it is assumed that this time measurement failure.After measurement result is obtained, third party device is by the measurement result
Announce, first party device and second party device are informed equivalent to by measurement result.
Step 24, first party device and second party device carry out key post processing according to the measurement result announced, and obtain
The key of safety.
In this step, the measurement knot of third party device announcement is had been known for due to first party device and second party device
Really, therefore the measurement result that can be announced according to third party device of first party device and second party device, key post processing is carried out, is obtained
To the key of safety.
In the inventive solutions, it is possible to use in conventional measurement and device-independent quantum key distribution agreement
Key post processing flow, so as to obtain safe key.
For example, specifically, preferably, in a particular embodiment of the present invention, it is described to carry out key post processing, pacified
Full key can include the steps：
Step 31, first party device and second party device respectively according to the measurement result announced, from transmitted quantum
The quantum state that can produce Bel's state is selected in state and is retained, and non-selected quantum state is abandoned；
Step 32, first party device and second party device contrast first party device by common signal channel and second party device exists
The measurement base used during each quantum state is sent, and retains the quantum state for having used identical measurement base, abandoned and used difference
The quantum state of measurement base, obtains measurement data result；
Step 33, any one party in first party device and second party device is to the measurement data result for being retained according to shellfish
Your state measurement result judges whether to need to carry out bit reverse turn operation, and using the measurement data result after treatment as original close
Key.
In the inventive solutions, it is necessary to be to project to which state to determine whether according to Bel's state measurement result
Need to carry out bit reversal.Therefore, a bit reverse turn operation, Ran Houzai will be judged whether to according to Bel's state measurement result
Using the measurement data result after treatment as primary key.
In addition, preferably, in a particular embodiment of the present invention, when needing to carry out bit reverse turn operation, first party
Any one party in device and second party device carries out a bit reverse turn operation to the quantum state for being retained, and by after reversion
Quantum state representated by data result as primary key.
Step 34, first party device and second party device pick out a part of data from primary key and carry out quantum error code
Rate is detected, when testing result is no more than default quantum bit error rate threshold value, is continued executing with next step operation and (is performed step
It is rapid 35)；Otherwise, this time acquired primary key is abandoned；
Step 35, first party device and second party device are implemented error correction to remaining primary key and are amplified with privacy, will most
The key for obtaining afterwards is used as last key.
Imperfect due to practical situations, the key that first party device and second party device are shared is in practical application
May be not quite identical in situation, it is therefore desirable to which the key to sharing carries out error correction, so as to ensure shared key in reality
In it is completely the same.
In the inventive solutions, it is possible to use conventional error correction method enters to received primary key information
Row error correction, so as to obtain the key information after error correction, therefore, specific error correction method will not be repeated here.
In addition, in the inventive solutions, can also be using conventional privacy amplification method to the key after error correction
Information carries out privacy amplification, so as to obtain final key, therefore, specific privacy amplification method will not be repeated here.
By above-mentioned step 31~35, first party device and second party device be can obtain it is last shared consistent and
The key of safety.
In sum, in the inventive solutions, two kinds of measurement bases have been used, and has been have selected from two kinds of measurement bases
A kind of measurement base as signal measurement base, and using another set as inveigle measurement base, and using inveigle measurement base send
During quantum state, trick state corresponding with the eigenstate of the trick measurement base is only sent, without sending the trick measurement base
The corresponding signal state of eigenstate, therefore in the inventive solutions, it is only necessary to use 6 kinds of quantum states in two kinds of measurement bases
(rather than 8 kinds of whole quantum states) are the secure distribution for being capable of achieving quantum key, such that it is able to not reduce quantum key point
While the performance of hair system, the number of used laser is reduced, so as to greatly reduce equipment cost, reduce equipment
Complexity, more saves the space of ustomer premises access equipment.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in essence of the invention
Within god and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc. should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. it is a kind of to measure and device-independent quantum key distribution system, it is characterised in that the system includes：First party device,
Second party device and third party device；
The first party device, second party device and third party device are connected by transmission channel；
The first party device and second party device include：Controller, processor and multiple lasers；
The multiple laser, is respectively used to prepare signal state corresponding with two eigenstate difference of signal measurement base and letter
Two eigenstates of number measurement base distinguish corresponding two and inveigle state and corresponding respectively with two eigenstates of measurement base are inveigled
Two trick states；
The controller, for selecting a kind of measurement from measurement base and signal measurement base is inveigled according to default select probability
Base, and select laser corresponding with selected measurement base made according to selected measurement base and default sending probability
Standby signal state or trick state, and by selected signal state or inveigle state to be sent to third party device；
The processor, for according to the measurement result for receiving, carrying out key post processing, obtains safe key；
The third party device, for carrying out Bel's state measurement to the quantum state for receiving, obtains measurement result and to described first
Device and second party device announce the measurement result.
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The processor, is additionally operable to by common signal channel contrast first party device and second party device when each quantum state is sent
The measurement base for being used, and retain the quantum state for having used identical measurement base, the quantum state for having used different measurement bases is abandoned, obtain
To measurement data result；Measurement data result to being retained judges whether to need to carry out bit according to Bel's state measurement result
Reverse turn operation, and using the measurement data result after treatment as primary key；A part of data are picked out from primary key to enter
Row quantum bit error rate is detected, when testing result is no more than default quantum bit error rate threshold value, to remaining primary key
Implement error correction and privacy to amplify, the key that will be finally obtained is used as last key.
3. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The first party device and second party device include 3 lasers：First laser device, second laser and the 3rd laser
Device；
The first laser device, for preparing signal state corresponding with two eigenstate difference of signal measurement base；
The second laser, for preparing two tricks state corresponding with two eigenstate difference of signal measurement base；
3rd laser, state is inveigled for preparing with corresponding two of two eigenstate difference of measurement base are inveigled.
4. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The first party device and second party device include 6 lasers：Laser one, laser two, laser three, laser
Device four, laser five and laser six；
The laser one, for preparing signal state corresponding with the first eigenstate of signal measurement base；
The laser two, for preparing signal state corresponding with the second eigenstate of signal measurement base；
The laser three, for preparing trick state corresponding with the first eigenstate of signal measurement base；
The laser four, for preparing trick state corresponding with the second eigenstate of signal measurement base
The laser five, for the corresponding trick state of the first eigenstate for preparing with inveigle measurement base；
The laser six, for the corresponding trick state of the second eigenstate for preparing with inveigle measurement base.
5. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The transmission channel is optical fiber or free space.
6. it is a kind of to measure and device-independent quantum key delivering method, it is characterised in that the method comprises the following steps：
Select any one measurement base as measurement base is inveigled from two kinds of measurement bases, surveyed another measurement base as signal
Amount base；Wherein, the signal measurement base is used to prepare two letters corresponding with two eigenstate difference of the signal measurement base
Number state or two tricks state corresponding with two eigenstate difference of the signal measurement base；The trick measurement base is used to prepare
Two tricks state corresponding with two eigenstate difference of the trick measurement base；
First party device and second party device select a kind of survey according to default select probability from described two measurement bases respectively
Amount base；The corresponding signal state of selected measurement base or trick are prepared according to selected measurement base and default sending probability
State, and prepared signal state or trick state are sent to third party device；
Third party device carries out Bel's state measurement to the quantum state for receiving, and obtains measurement result and is filled to first device and second party
Put and announce the measurement result；
First party device and second party device carry out key post processing according to the measurement result announced, and obtain safe key.
7. method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：
Described two measurement bases are Z bases and X bases；
Wherein, to inveigle measurement base, Z bases are signal measurement base to X bases；Or, to inveigle measurement base, X bases are signal measurement to Z bases
Base.
8. method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described to carry out key post processing, obtains safe key packet
Include：
First party device and second party device according to the measurement result announced, energy are selected from transmitted quantum state respectively
Produce the quantum state of Bel's state and retain, and non-selected quantum state is abandoned；
First party device and second party device contrast first party device and second party device and are sending each amount by common signal channel
The measurement base used during sub- state, and retain the quantum state for having used identical measurement base, abandon the amount for having used different measurement bases
Sub- state, obtains measurement data result；
Any one party in first party device and second party device is measured the measurement data result for being retained according to Bel's state to be tied
Fruit judges whether to need to carry out bit reverse turn operation, and using the measurement data result after treatment as primary key；
First party device and second party device pick out a part of data from primary key and carry out quantum bit error rate detection, work as inspection
When surveying result no more than default quantum bit error rate threshold value, next step operation is continued executing with；Otherwise, abandon this time acquired
Primary key；
First party device and second party device are implemented error correction to remaining primary key and are amplified with privacy, the key that will be finally obtained
As last key.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：
When needing to carry out bit reverse turn operation, any one party in first party device and second party device is to the amount that is retained
Sub- state carries out a bit reverse turn operation, and using the data result representated by the quantum state after reversion as primary key.
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