CN106712199A - Over-current protection circuit and method for automobile starting power supply - Google Patents
Over-current protection circuit and method for automobile starting power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN106712199A CN106712199A CN201710048438.0A CN201710048438A CN106712199A CN 106712199 A CN106712199 A CN 106712199A CN 201710048438 A CN201710048438 A CN 201710048438A CN 106712199 A CN106712199 A CN 106712199A
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Classifications
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- H02J7/0026—
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- H02J7/0021—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an over-current protection circuit and a method for an automobile starting power supply. The over-current protection circuit comprises two amplifying circuits, measuring resistors and a boost protection chip U9. The measuring resistors comprise a resistor R18 and a resistor Rx. The measuring resistor R18 is connected in series with the front-end power supply loop of the automobile starting power supply. The measuring resistor Rx is connected in series with the discharge loop of the energy storage module of the automobile starting power supply. The two amplifying circuits are composed of a first amplifying circuit and a second amplifying circuit and are used for respectively measuring the voltage drops of the two measuring resistors. The amplifying circuits are connected with the feedback terminal FB of the boost protection chip U9. According to the technical scheme of the over-current protection circuit and the method for the automobile starting power supply, an operational amplifier is combined with the boost protection chip. Therefore, the advantages of over-current protection function and high safety are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention be more particularly directed to a kind of current foldback circuit and method for automobile starting power supply.
Background technology
Automobile portable power source belongs to the portable power source of special purpose, is the energy storage of automobile starting power supply when external circuit is used
When module charges, if electric current is excessive, the damage of battery and circuit board can be not only caused, be also easy to cause the blast of battery, therefore,
It is necessary to design a kind of current foldback circuit and method for automobile starting power supply.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of current foldback circuit for automobile starting power supply and side
Method, the current foldback circuit and method that are used for automobile starting power supply are combined using operational amplifier with boosting protection chip,
It is safe with overcurrent protection function.
The technical solution of invention is as follows：
A kind of current foldback circuit for automobile starting power supply, including amplifying circuit, measurement resistance and boosting protection core
Piece U9；
Measurement resistance includes resistance R18 and Rx；Rx is in parallel by R31 and R32, Rx=0.005 ohm；
Measurement resistance R18 is serially connected in the front-end power loop of automobile starting power supply；
Measurement resistance Rx is serially connected in the energy-storage module discharge loop of automobile starting power supply；
Amplifying circuit is 2, i.e. the first amplifying circuit and the second amplifying circuit, is respectively used on 2 measurement resistance of measurement
Pressure drop；Amplifying circuit connects with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9.
Described front-end power loop is USB current supply circuits；The first end ground connection of measurement resistance R18；Measurement resistance R18's
The negative terminal BAT1- of the second termination USB charging inlets J4.
Resistance Rx is connected between the negative output terminal SGND+ of energy-storage module discharge loop and ground SGND.
There is operational amplifier U1-B in first amplifying circuit；The first end of measurement resistance R18 connects computing and puts through resistance R39
The in-phase input end of big device U1-B；Second end of measurement resistance R18 connects the anti-phase input of operational amplifier U1-B through resistance R36
End；
Bridging has resistance R40 between the output end and inverting input of operational amplifier U1-B；
The output end of operational amplifier U1-B connects with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9.
There is operational amplifier U1-A in second amplifying circuit；The first end of measurement resistance Rx connects computing and puts through resistance R45
The in-phase input end of big device U1-A；Second end of measurement resistance Rx connects the inverting input of operational amplifier U1-A through resistance R47；
Bridging has resistance R8 between the output end and inverting input of operational amplifier U1-A；
The output end of operational amplifier U1-A connects with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9.
The output end of the first amplifying circuit is connected by diode D20 with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9；And it is anti-
Feedback end FB connects the negative pole of diode D20；
The output end of the second amplifying circuit is connected by diode D9 with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9；And feedback
End FB connects the negative pole of diode D9.
The model LM258ADR of operational amplifier U1-A and U1-B.
Diode D20 and D9 are BAT54HT1 type diodes.
Resistance Rx is 0.005 ohm.Rx is obtained by resistance R31 and R32 parallel connection.The resistance of resistance R18, R39, R36 and R40
Respectively 0.01 ohm, 1K ohm, 1K ohm and 20K ohm.
A kind of over-current protection method for automobile starting power supply, it is characterised in that be previously described for automobile starting power supply
Current foldback circuit, the electric current of USB charging inlets is measured by resistance R18 and the first amplifying circuit；By hinder Rx and
The and amplifying circuit measures the current value of energy-storage module discharge loop；
Again by the feedback end FB of measured value feeding boosting protection chip U9；Overcurrent protection is realized by boosting protection chip.
Described energy-storage module is the energy-storage module based on super capacitor；Described energy-storage module includes the super of multiple series connection
Level electric capacity, the number of super capacitor is 2-10.
Each super capacitor is parallel with a voltage stabilizing branch road, and voltage stabilizing branch routing resistance and voltage-stabiliser tube are in series.
The resistance of resistance is 1 ohm, the model MMSZS223BT1 of voltage-stabiliser tube.
Short circuit has a socket at the tie point of adjacent super capacitor, and described socket is the pin of CON4P-600A types 4
Socket.
Charging input interface is automobile storage battery power taking interface, USB charging inlets, dry battery charge interface and automobile cigarette lighter
At least one in interface.
The described automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor also includes LED drive circuit；
LED drive circuit includes illumination type LED (D15), red LED indicator lamp, green LED indicator lamp and switching device
(Q5)；
The positive pole of illumination type LED connects DC power anode (5V-VDD) through the first current-limiting resistance；Illumination type LED it is negative
Pole is grounded through switching device；The control end of switching device connects LED control ports (CTL-LED) through resistance R11；
After the positive pole short circuit of red LED indicator lamp and green LED indicator lamp dc source is connect through the second current-limiting resistance (R53)
Positive pole (5V-VDD)；
The negative pole of red LED indicator lamp and green LED indicator lamp connects red LED lamp control port (LED-R) and green respectively
Color LED control port (LED-G).
Described switching device is managed for N-MOS；The D poles of N-MOS pipes connect the negative pole of illumination type LED；The S poles of N-MOS pipes
Ground connection (SGND)；The G poles connecting resistances R11 of N-MOS pipes；The model 2N7002K of N-MOS pipes.
Described switching device is the triode of NPN type；The C poles of triode connect the negative pole of illumination type LED；Triode
E poles are grounded (SGND)；The B poles connecting resistances R11 of triode；
Red LED indicator lamp and green LED indicator lamp use dual-colored LED lamp (D4)；First current-limiting resistance is 50 ohm, the
Two current-limiting resistances (R53) are 2.4K ohm, and resistance R11 is 1K ohm；DC power anode is 3.3V.
There is relay drive circuit, relay drive circuit includes relay and the first drive module in output circuit；
The first described drive module includes the first control signal input circuit and 2 N-MOS pipes Q9 and Q13；
First control signal input circuit includes the resistance R52 and R19 of series connection；First termination control signal of resistance R52
CTL-START；Second end of resistance R52 is grounded through resistance R19；The G of 2 N-MOS pipes Q9 and Q13 is extremely shorted to resistance R52
With the tie point of R19；The S of 2 N-MOS pipes Q9 and Q13 is extremely grounded；2 D poles of N-MOS pipes Q9 and Q13 and accumulation power supply
The first coil of relay is connected between positive pole BAT+.
The described automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor also includes detection circuit, and detection circuit includes temperature detection branch
Road, supply voltage detection branch and A/D converter；Described A/D converter is multi-channel a/d converter；A/D converter it is defeated
Go out end output testing result data；
In temperature detection branch road, thermistor RT1 is connected with supply voltage (5V-VDD), thermistor RT1 and resistance R22
Series connection, resistance R22 ground connection；The first analog signal that the tie point (V07) of thermistor RT1 and resistance R22 connects A/D converter is defeated
Inbound port (AN1)；
In supply voltage detection branch, resistance R66 and R67 ground connection of the supply voltage Vbout+ through being sequentially connected in series；Resistance R66
With the second input end of analog signal mouthful (AN2) that the tie point (V06) of R67 connects A/D converter.
Detection circuit includes switch detection branch；In switch detection branch, supply voltage (5V-VDD) is through what is be sequentially connected in series
Resistance R89, switch SW1 and resistance R21 ground connection；The tie point (CLK) of resistance R89 and switch SW1 connects the clock letter of A/D converter
Number end (CLK/P2.1)；
Governor circuit uses SC8F2712 cake cores；Booster circuit uses FP5139 chips.
Booster circuit uses FP5139 type integrated chips.
Dry battery charge interface is connected with dry battery cabin, and the dry cell of 3~5 section 1.5V can be accommodated in dry battery cabin.
Automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor also includes the counter voltage protection circuit being connected with governor circuit.
3 control ends：The control output end of CTL-CHG, CTL-INA and CTL-INB from MCU, specifically, circuit work
Make principle as follows：
CTL-INA：During high level, by Q3, CTL-A obtains low level, causes Q14 to turn on, and external voltage is directly through people
Electronics charges to energy-storage module；This is the first stage charged；
CTL-INB：During high level, low level is obtained by CTL-B after Q7, so that Q8 is turned on, external voltage connects U9；
CTL-CHG：During high level, through Q12 after, obtain low level in EN-19V, the CTL terminal potentials of U9d are pulled low, and U9 enters
Enter normal mode of operation, export constant pressure and charged to energy-storage module.
During CTL-CHG high level, it is desirable to which CTL-INA is in low level, using alternation pattern.
Beneficial effect：
Current foldback circuit and method for automobile starting power supply of the invention, the circuit of the operational amplifier for using for
See-saw circuit, multiplication factor is about 20 times；Increase diode D20 to play a part of to prevent electric current from pouring in down a chimney, that is, ensure unidirectional
Conducting；Boosting protection chip has short-circuit protection function, and step-up discharge function in itself in addition, and can adjust output current
With the size of voltage, feature-rich, amplifying circuit and protection IC are combined, and can realize the overcurrent protection of circuit, and reliability is high.
Automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor has the characteristics that：
(1) using a super capacitor or the super capacitor of multiple series connection as energy-storage module；
Using the accumulator of the portable power source based on super capacitor, it is totally different from using the energy storage mould of lithium ion battery
Block, risk without blast safe using super capacitor, and long service life；Portable power source based on super capacitor
Accumulator has the characteristics that：
A () charging rate is fast, charging can reach more than the 95% of its rated capacity in 10 seconds~10 minutes；
B () service life cycle is long, depth charge and discharge cycles access times do not have " memory effect " up to 1~500,000 times；
C () large current discharging capability is superpower, energy conversion efficiency is high, and process losses are small, and high current energy circulation efficiency >=
90%；
D () power density is high, up to 300W/KG~5000W/KG, equivalent to 5~10 times of battery；
(e) product raw material constitute, production, using, store and disassemble process and do not pollute, be preferably green ring
Protect power supply；
F () charge and discharge electric line is simple, without charging circuit as rechargeable battery, safety coefficient is high, and long-term use exempts from dimension
Shield；
G () ultralow temperature characteristics are good, and temperature range is wide -40 DEG C~and+70 DEG C；
H () is easy to detect, dump energy can directly read；
Sum it up, the outstanding advantages of the accumulator of this portable power source are that power density is high, the discharge and recharge time is short, follow
Ring long lifespan, operating temperature range are wide, and safe.
(2) interface of plurality of optional is used to be charged for energy-storage module；
Charging input interface is configured with automobile storage battery power taking interface, USB charging inlets, dry battery charge interface and automobile point
Cigarette device interface；Flexibility is strong, practical.
(3) whole charging process is controlled as governor circuit chip using the MCU with A/D converter, structure is tight
Gather, can significantly simplify circuit design；
(4) with bi-colour LED and illuminating lamp；
(5) charging process is controlled by preliminary filling electric control switch circuit and main charging control switch circuit；
(6) with overvoltage protection, temperature protection and electric voltage reverse-connection defencive function.
In addition, being implemented in combination with charge control with boosting protection chip using external control end, can realize that the complete of charging can
Control, security reliability is high；
For the dual input power supply circuit of portable power source, using 2 power inputs, one connects automobile batteries and (such as passes through
Cigar lighter socket connects battery), one connect dry cell batteries, be particularly suitable for it is vehicle-mounted use, wireless communication electricity can be portable power source
Energy-storage module charges.
In addition, using BAT54CW type Schottky-barrier diodes, forward voltage drop is low (because schottky barrier height is less than
PN junction barrier height, therefore its forward conduction threshold voltage and forward voltage drop are all lower than PN junction diode (about low 0.2V)), due to
SBD (Schottky-barrier diode) is a kind of majority carrier conductive devices, in the absence of minority carrier lifetime and Reverse recovery
Problem.The reverse recovery time of SBD is the charge and discharge time of Schottky barrier electric capacity, is totally different from PN junction diode
Reverse recovery time.Because the QRR of SBD is considerably less, therefore switching speed is very fast, and switching loss is also especially small, especially
It is suitable for frequency applications.The structure and feature of SBD make it suitable for being used as high-frequency rectification in low pressure, High-current output occasion.
Further, the ME6119A33PG types voltage-stablizer that voltage-stablizer is used is the adjustable master-hand's LDO voltage stabilizer of input voltage
(400mA Adjustable Voltage High Speed LDO Regulators), output voltage is accurate, input voltage model
It is 2.5~18V to enclose；Apply and be particularly suitable for herein, not only can be by booster circuit for energy-storage module charges, moreover it is possible to used as base
Quasi- voltage is used in temperature sensing circuit.
Therefore, the input voltage of this compatible wide scope of dual input power supply circuit energy for portable power source, using wide
It is general, and be chargeable, circuit working stability without alternating current, it is practical.
LED drive circuit, the opening and closing of LED illumination lamp are controlled using switching device (metal-oxide-semiconductor), are consumed energy small, are used
The dual-colored LED lamp of compact occupies little space as red green indicator lamp, compact conformation, in addition, power supply circuit can provide stabilization
3.3V DC voltages, can guarantee that LED steady operation, light uniform, it is to avoid the light and shade change and flicker of light.Therefore, this LED
Drive circuit simple circuit, element used is few, it is easy to control.
Relay drive circuit, relay is driven using 2 parallel drive modules, and reliability is high, safe, separately
Outward, and each drive module also has 2 N-MOS pipe, i.e., using Redundancy Design, time lag is small during switching, even if a derailing switch
Part is damaged, still can be with normal work, thus reliability is high, can ensure the regular picture of automobile starting power supply.
The detection circuit of startup power supply, is detected using the A/D converter of multiple input path to plurality of voltages signal, also
Monitoring temperature can be realized subsequently to realize overtemperature protection, integrated level is high in addition, simple circuit, it is easy to implement, and accuracy of detection is high,
Technical guarantee can be provided for the trouble free service of automobile starting power supply.
In sum, this startup power supply perfect in shape and function, integrated level is high, safe, is adapted to promotion and implementation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the electric theory diagram of the automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the booster circuit part of the automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor；
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of USB part；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of control end CTL-CHG, CTL-INA and CTL-INB parts.
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of the dual input power supply circuit for portable power source；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the accumulator of portable power source；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of LED drive circuit.
Fig. 8 is the circuit theory diagrams of the relay drive circuit for portable power source；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of detection branch；
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of A/D converter.
Specific embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, do more complete to inventing herein below in conjunction with Figure of description and preferred embodiment
Face, meticulously describe, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to specific embodiment.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter are generally understood that implication phase with those skilled in the art
Together.Technical term used herein is intended merely to describe the purpose of specific embodiment, is not intended to limitation of the invention
Protection domain.
Embodiment 1：
Such as Fig. 1, a kind of automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor, including governor circuit, charging input interface, voltage stabilizing electricity
Road, booster circuit, energy-storage module and output circuit；
Charging input interface is through mu balanced circuit for governor circuit is powered；
The boosted circuit of charging input interface charges for energy-storage module；Booster circuit is controlled by governor circuit；
Output circuit includes output interface and is controlled by the relay of governor circuit；Energy-storage module is by relay and output
Interface is connected；
Described energy-storage module is the energy-storage module based on super capacitor.
The described automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor also includes preliminary filling electric control switch circuit and main charge control
On-off circuit；The precharged controlling switch circuit of charging input interface connects energy-storage module；Charging input interface is through main charge control
On-off circuit connects booster circuit.
The described automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor also includes the indicator light circuit and photograph that are connected with governor circuit
Bright lamp circuit.
The described automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor also includes the overvoltage crowbar, the mistake that are connected with governor circuit
At least one in stream protection circuit and thermal-shutdown circuit.
Charging input interface is automobile storage battery power taking interface, USB charging inlets, dry battery charge interface and automobile cigarette lighter
At least one in interface.
Described governor circuit is using the MCU with A/D converter.
Described energy-storage module includes the super capacitor of multiple series connection, and the number of super capacitor is 2-10.
Booster circuit uses FP5139 type integrated chips.
Dry battery charge interface is connected with dry battery cabin, and the dry cell of 3~5 section 1.5V can be accommodated in dry battery cabin.
Automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor also includes the counter voltage protection circuit being connected with governor circuit.
Such as Fig. 1~3, a kind of charging control circuit of the automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor, including boosting protection core
Piece U9, charging output circuit and 3 control ends：CTL-CHG, CTL-INA and CTL-INB；Boosting protection chip U9 is FP5139
Chip；
(1) tie point of resistance R34s and R33 ground connection of the control end CTL-CHG through being sequentially connected in series, resistance R34 and R33 connects
The G poles of NMOS tube Q12；The S poles ground connection of Q12, the D extremely EN-19V ends of Q12；
(2) resistance R91 and R90 ground connection of the control end CTL-INB through being sequentially connected in series, the tie point of resistance R91 and R90 connects
The G poles of NMOS tube Q7；The S poles ground connection of Q7, the D extremely CTL-B ends of Q7；
(3) resistance R14 and R13 ground connection of the control end CTL-INA through being sequentially connected in series, the tie point of resistance R14 and R13 connects
The G poles of NMOS tube Q3；The S poles ground connection of Q3, the D extremely CTL-A ends of Q7；
(4) dc source VBOUT+ connects the S poles of PMOS Q14, and the D poles of Q14 are connecing energy-storage module just through thermistor RT4
Input BAT+；The G poles that bridging has resistance R29, Q14 between the G poles and S poles of Q14 connect CTL-A ends；
(5) dc source VBOUT+ connects the S poles of PMOS Q8, the inductance L4 and diode D6 of the D poles of Q8 through being sequentially connected in series
Meet the positive input terminal BAT+ of energy-storage module；The D poles of Q8 meet the feeder ear VCC of boosting protection chip U9；
The G poles that bridging has resistance R30, Q8 between the G poles and S poles of Q8 connect CTL-B ends；
(6) EN-19V ends meet the control end CTL of boosting protection chip U9 through resistance R57；
(7) charging output circuit：
The GATE ends of boosting protection chip U9 meet B poles and the PNP type triode Q20 of NPN type triode Q19 through resistance R15
B poles；E poles of the Q19 and C of Q20 is extremely short connects；The C poles of Q19 meet power supply VCC-BAT through resistance R16；
The E poles of Q19 connect the G poles of NMOS tube Q10 through resistance R43, and the D poles of Q10 connect the tie point of inductance L4 and diode D6；
The S poles of Q10 and the E of Q20 are extremely grounded.
The positive input terminal USB_IN of USB interface connects the S poles of Q8 through diode D17.
The anode BAT1+ of energy-storage module connects the S poles of Q8 through diode D16.
A kind of current foldback circuit for automobile starting power supply, including amplifying circuit, measurement resistance and boosting protection core
Piece U9；
Measurement resistance includes resistance R18 and Rx；Rx is in parallel by R31 and R32, Rx=0.005 ohm；
Measurement resistance R18 is serially connected in the front-end power loop of automobile starting power supply；
Measurement resistance Rx is serially connected in the energy-storage module discharge loop of automobile starting power supply；
Amplifying circuit is 2, i.e. the first amplifying circuit and the second amplifying circuit, is respectively used on 2 measurement resistance of measurement
Pressure drop；Amplifying circuit connects with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9.
Described front-end power loop is USB current supply circuits；The first end ground connection of measurement resistance R18；Measurement resistance R18's
The negative terminal BAT1- of the second termination USB charging inlets J4.
Resistance Rx is connected between the negative output terminal SGND+ of energy-storage module discharge loop and ground SGND.
There is operational amplifier U1-B in first amplifying circuit；The first end of measurement resistance R18 connects computing and puts through resistance R39
The in-phase input end of big device U1-B；Second end of measurement resistance R18 connects the anti-phase input of operational amplifier U1-B through resistance R36
End；
Bridging has resistance R40 between the output end and inverting input of operational amplifier U1-B；
The output end of operational amplifier U1-B connects with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9.
There is operational amplifier U1-A in second amplifying circuit；The first end of measurement resistance Rx connects computing and puts through resistance R45
The in-phase input end of big device U1-A；Second end of measurement resistance Rx connects the inverting input of operational amplifier U1-A through resistance R47；
Bridging has resistance R8 between the output end and inverting input of operational amplifier U1-A；
The output end of operational amplifier U1-A connects with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9.
The output end of the first amplifying circuit is connected by diode D20 with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9；And it is anti-
Feedback end FB connects the negative pole of diode D20；
The output end of the second amplifying circuit is connected by diode D9 with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9；And feedback
End FB connects the negative pole of diode D9.
The model LM258ADR of operational amplifier U1-A and U1-B.
Diode D20 and D9 are BAT54HT1 type diodes.
Resistance Rx is 0.005 ohm.Rx is obtained by resistance R31 and R32 parallel connection.The resistance of resistance R18, R39, R36 and R40
Respectively 0.01 ohm, 1K ohm, 1K ohm and 20K ohm.
The circuit of the operational amplifier that current foldback circuit is used is see-saw circuit, and multiplication factor is about 20 times；Increase
Plus diode D20 plays a part of to prevent electric current from pouring in down a chimney, that is, ensure one-way conduction；Boosting protection chip has short circuit in itself in addition
Defencive function, and step-up discharge function, and the size of output current and voltage can be adjusted, it is feature-rich, amplifying circuit and
Protection IC is combined, and can realize the overcurrent protection of circuit, and reliability is high.
Fig. 5, a kind of dual input power supply circuit for portable power source, including the first power input (VBOUT+), second
Power input (VCC-BAT), diode, voltage-stablizer and power output end (5V-VDD)；
First power input is used to connect with the positive pole of automobile batteries；
Second source input is used to connect the positive pole of dry cell batteries；Dry cell batteries include three section dry cells, often save 1.5V, defeated
It is 4.5V to go out；
First power input connects the input of voltage-stablizer through diode；Second source input connects voltage-stablizer through diode
Input；
The output end of voltage-stablizer is power output end；The output end of voltage-stablizer exports the DC voltage of 3.3~5V.
Described diode is BAT54CW type Schottky-barrier diodes.
Described voltage-stablizer is ME6119A33PG type voltage-stablizers.
The input of voltage-stablizer is provided with electrochemical capacitor (C40)；The input and output of voltage-stablizer are also respectively connected to one
Non-electrolytic capacitor (C37 and C51)；The capacitance of described electrochemical capacitor is 47uF, and the capacitance of described non-electrolytic capacitor is
0.1uF。
Such as Fig. 6, the energy-storage module of portable power source includes 5 super capacitors (C1, C2, C3, C4 and C7) of series connection；Each surpasses
The capacitance of level electric capacity is 350F；It is totally different from using the energy-storage module of lithium ion battery, it is safe using super capacitor,
Risk without blast, and long service life；The effect of 4 sockets (J45, J11, J11, J18) in circuit is that overstriking is led
Electrical circuit；Because typical case's application of the power supply is to provide automobile starting electric current, electric current is big, and overstriking galvanic circle can effectively be protected
Device and circuit board.Each super capacitor is parallel with a voltage stabilizing branch road, and voltage stabilizing branch routing resistance and voltage-stabiliser tube are in series,
The resistance of resistance is 1 ohm, the model MMSZS223BT1 of voltage-stabiliser tube.
Such as Fig. 7, LED drive circuit is including illumination type LED (D15), red LED indicator lamp, green LED indicator lamp and opens
Close device (Q5)；
The positive pole of illumination type LED connects DC power anode (5V-VDD) through the first current-limiting resistance；Illumination type LED it is negative
Pole is grounded through switching device；The control end of switching device connects LED control ports (CTL-LED) through resistance R11；
After the positive pole short circuit of red LED indicator lamp and green LED indicator lamp dc source is connect through the second current-limiting resistance (R53)
Positive pole (5V-VDD)；
The negative pole of red LED indicator lamp and green LED indicator lamp connects red LED lamp control port (LED-R) and green respectively
Color LED control port (LED-G).
Described switching device is managed for N-MOS；The D poles of N-MOS pipes connect the negative pole of illumination type LED；The S poles of N-MOS pipes
Ground connection (SGND)；The G poles connecting resistances R11 of N-MOS pipes.
The model 2N7002K of N-MOS pipes.
Red LED indicator lamp and green LED indicator lamp use dual-colored LED lamp (D4)；First current-limiting resistance is 50 ohm of (figures
In for R48 and R20 it is in parallel), the second current-limiting resistance (R53) is 2.4K ohm, and resistance R11 is 1K ohm；DC power anode is
3.3V。
LED control ports for MCU I/O port or key circuit output end, red LED lamp control port (LED-R) and
Green LED lamp control port (LED-G) is the I/O port of MCU.
Operation principle explanation：
(1) when CTL-LED is high level, Q5 conductings, D15 conductings are luminous；
(2) when LED-G is low level, green LED lamp conducting is luminous；
(3) when LED-R is low level, red LED lamp conducting is luminous.
Such as Fig. 8, for the relay drive circuit of portable power source, including relay and the first drive module；
The first described drive module includes the first control signal input circuit and 2 N-MOS pipes Q9 and Q13；
First control signal input circuit includes the resistance R52 and R19 of series connection；First termination control signal of resistance R52
CTL-START；Second end of resistance R52 is grounded through resistance R19；The G of 2 N-MOS pipes Q9 and Q13 is extremely shorted to resistance R52
With the tie point of R19；The S of 2 N-MOS pipes Q9 and Q13 is extremely grounded；2 D poles of N-MOS pipes Q9 and Q13 and accumulation power supply
The first coil of relay is connected between positive pole BAT+.
The described relay drive circuit for portable power source also includes the second drive module；Described relay is double
Input line ring relay, with first coil and the second coil, and shares a pair of output contacts；
The second described drive module includes the second control signal input circuit and 2 N-MOS pipes Q1 and Q2；
Second control signal input circuit includes the resistance R2 and R7 of series connection；The first termination control signal DAT of resistance R2；
Second end of resistance R2 is grounded through resistance R7；The G of 2 N-MOS pipes Q1 and Q2 is extremely shorted to the tie point of resistance R2 and R7；2
The S of individual N-MOS pipes Q1 and Q2 is extremely grounded；It is connected between the D poles of 2 N-MOS pipes Q1 and Q3 and the positive pole BAT+ of accumulation power supply
Second coil of relay.
Resistance R52 and resistance R2 are 1K ohm；Resistance R19 and resistance R7 are 20K ohm.
Ceramic condenser C5 and C6 are connected between the G poles and ground of model 2N7002K, the N-MOS pipe of N-MOS pipes, each
The capacitance of ceramic condenser is 0.1uF, and diode D7, BAT+ and a N-MOS are connected between the D poles of BAT+ and N-MOS pipes Q9
A diode D10 is connected between the D poles of pipe Q1.
CTL-START and DAT are respectively normal control signal and exception control；It is normal to be controlled to user's actively unlatching electric discharge
Switch, switching relay realizes electric discharge；Exception control refers to that one of following 5 kinds of situations occur：
1. clip terminal voltage is too low (being less than 11VDC)
2. clip terminal voltage is too high (being higher than 15VDC)
3. clip is reversed
4. clip short circuit
5. internal wiring temperature is too high；
Case above has correlation detecting circuit to detect.
Referring to Fig. 2, for the current foldback circuit of the automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor, including operational amplifier
U1-B, measurement resistance R18 and boosting protection chip U9；
Measurement resistance R18 is serially connected in the front-end power loop of the automobile starting power supply based on super capacitor；
The first end of measurement resistance R18 connects the in-phase input end of operational amplifier through resistance R39；The of measurement resistance R18
Two ends connect the inverting input of operational amplifier through resistance R36；
Bridging has resistance R40 between the output end and inverting input of operational amplifier；
The output end of operational amplifier connects with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9.
The output end of operational amplifier is connected by diode D20 with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9；And feedback
End FB connects the negative pole of diode D20.
Described front-end power loop is USB current supply circuits (by USB interface for the energy-storage module of startup power supply charges)；
First end ground connection (SGND) of measurement resistance R18；The negative terminal BAT1- of the second termination USB charging inlets J4 of measurement resistance R18.
The model LM258ADR of operational amplifier, the model FP5139 of boosting protection chip U9, resistance R18, R39,
The resistance of R36 and R40 is respectively 0.01 ohm, 1K ohm, 1K ohm and 20K ohm.
It is another to there is a current foldback circuit to be monitored for the output current to energy-storage module, such as Fig. 2, the circuit is transporting
U1-A is put for core；With R31 and R32 in parallel, as measurement resistance, (R31 and R32 are 0.01 ohm, are 0.005 Europe after parallel connection
Nurse)；Cleaning Principle is identical with the principle of the current foldback circuit based on amplifier U1-B.
Fig. 9~10, a kind of detection circuit of startup power supply, including temperature detection branch road, supply voltage detection branch and A/D
Converter；Described A/D converter is multi-channel a/d converter；The output end output testing result data of A/D converter；
In temperature detection branch road, thermistor RT1 is connected with supply voltage (5V-VDD), thermistor RT1 and resistance R22
Series connection, resistance R22 ground connection；The first analog signal that the tie point (V07) of thermistor RT1 and resistance R22 connects A/D converter is defeated
Inbound port (AN1)；
In supply voltage detection branch, resistance R66s of the supply voltage Vbout+ (for connecing automobile batteries) through being sequentially connected in series
It is grounded with R67；The tie point (V06) of resistance R66 and R67 connects second input end of analog signal mouthful (AN2) of A/D converter.
The detection circuit of described startup power supply also includes energy-storage module voltage detecting branch road；
In energy-storage module voltage detecting branch road, energy-storage module voltage BAT+ (positive terminal for connecing energy-storage module) is through successively
Resistance R74 and the R75 ground connection of concatenation；The tie point (V08) of resistance R74 and R75 connects the 3rd analog signal input of A/D converter
Port (AN0).
The detection circuit of described startup power supply also includes switch detection branch；In switch detection branch, supply voltage
Resistance R89, the switch SW1 and resistance R21 ground connection of (5V-VDD) through being sequentially connected in series；The tie point of resistance R89 and switch SW1
(CLK) clock signal terminal (CLK/P2.1) of A/D converter is connect.
The model SC8F2712 of described A/D converter；The resistance of thermistor RT1 is 10K ohm；Resistance R22,
The resistance value of R66, R67, R74, R75, R89 and R21 is respectively 10K, 100K, 100K, 301K, 100K, 1M and 100K, and unit is
Ohm.
SW1 presses rear CLK voltages and will produce transfer, and this low and high level variable signal is directly delivered to MCU, performs specific
Function, such as trigger relay realizes electric discharge, and the clock signal of chip internal is generated or outside other pins by chip oneself
There is provided.
U4 inherently MCU, therefore, the transformation result of ADC is supplied to the MCU in U4 by internal circuit (or register)
Module.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of current foldback circuit for automobile starting power supply, it is characterised in that including amplifying circuit, measurement resistance and liter
Pressure protection chip U9；
Measurement resistance includes resistance R18 and Rx；
Measurement resistance R18 is serially connected in the front-end power loop of automobile starting power supply；
Measurement resistance Rx is serially connected in the energy-storage module discharge loop of automobile starting power supply；
Amplifying circuit is 2, i.e. the first amplifying circuit and the second amplifying circuit, is respectively used to 2 ohmically pressures of measurement of measurement
Drop；Amplifying circuit connects with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9.
2. the current foldback circuit for automobile starting power supply according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described front end
Current supply circuit is USB current supply circuits；The first end ground connection of measurement resistance R18；The second termination USB chargings of measurement resistance R18
The negative terminal BAT1- of mouth J4.
3. the current foldback circuit for automobile starting power supply according to claim 2, it is characterised in that resistance Rx is connected on
Between the negative output terminal SGND+ and ground SGND of energy-storage module discharge loop.
4. the current foldback circuit for automobile starting power supply according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first amplifies electricity
There is operational amplifier U1-B in road；The first end of measurement resistance R18 connects the homophase input of operational amplifier U1-B through resistance R39
End；Second end of measurement resistance R18 connects the inverting input of operational amplifier U1-B through resistance R36；
Bridging has resistance R40 between the output end and inverting input of operational amplifier U1-B；
The output end of operational amplifier U1-B connects with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9.
5. the current foldback circuit for automobile starting power supply according to claim 4, it is characterised in that second amplifies electricity
There is operational amplifier U1-A in road；The first end of measurement resistance Rx connects the homophase input of operational amplifier U1-A through resistance R45
End；Second end of measurement resistance Rx connects the inverting input of operational amplifier U1-A through resistance R47；
Bridging has resistance R8 between the output end and inverting input of operational amplifier U1-A；
The output end of operational amplifier U1-A connects with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9.
6. the current foldback circuit for automobile starting power supply according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first amplifies electricity
The output end on road is connected by diode D20 with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9；And feedback end FB connects diode D20's
Negative pole；
The output end of the second amplifying circuit is connected by diode D9 with the feedback end FB of boosting protection chip U9；And feedback end FB
Connect the negative pole of diode D9.
7. the current foldback circuit for automobile starting power supply according to claim 5, it is characterised in that operational amplifier
The model LM258ADR of U1-A and U1-B.
8. the current foldback circuit for automobile starting power supply according to claim 5, it is characterised in that diode D20
It is BAT54HT1 type diodes with D9.
9. the current foldback circuit for automobile starting power supply according to claim 5, it is characterised in that resistance Rx is
0.005 ohm；The resistance of resistance R18, R39, R36 and R40 is respectively 0.01 ohm, 1K ohm, 1K ohm and 20K ohm.
10. a kind of over-current protection method for automobile starting power supply, it is characterised in that using any one of claim 3-9 institute
The current foldback circuit for automobile starting power supply stated, USB charging inlets are measured by resistance R18 and the first amplifying circuit
Electric current；By hindering Rx and the and amplifying circuit measures the current value of energy-storage module discharge loop；
Again by the feedback end FB of measured value feeding boosting protection chip U9；Overcurrent protection is realized by boosting protection chip.
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| CN201710048438.0A CN106712199B (en) | 2017-01-22 | 2017-01-22 | Overcurrent protection circuit and method for automobile starting power supply |
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| CN201710048438.0A CN106712199B (en) | 2017-01-22 | 2017-01-22 | Overcurrent protection circuit and method for automobile starting power supply |
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| CN109413634A (en) * | 2018-10-14 | 2019-03-01 | 长沙修恒信息科技有限公司 | One kind exempting from cartoon letters terminal, server and communication system |
| CN109525986A (en) * | 2018-10-14 | 2019-03-26 | 长沙修恒信息科技有限公司 | One kind exempting from cartoon letters method |
| CN111200302A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-26 | 安凯(广州)微电子技术有限公司 | Circuit for preventing battery from flowing backward to USB |
| CN112039404A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-12-04 | 东莞佳宏汽车用品有限公司 | Automobile motor control system capable of detecting angle |
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| CN111200302A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-26 | 安凯(广州)微电子技术有限公司 | Circuit for preventing battery from flowing backward to USB |
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| CN112039404B (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-04-08 | 东莞佳宏汽车用品有限公司 | Automobile motor control system capable of detecting angle |
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|---|---|
| CN106712199B (en) | 2023-12-29 |
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Denomination of invention: An overcurrent protection circuit and method for automotive starting power supply Granted publication date: 20231229 Pledgee: Bank of Communications Co.,Ltd. Loudi Branch Pledgor: HUNAN DIANJIANGJUN NEW ENERGY CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2024980025287 |
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