CN106712072B - A kind of flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class optimum design method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class optimum design methods, first convert the bridge arm current for determining MMC converter valve on-state loss and switching loss to containing only voltage class variable UdcExpression formula；Secondly the transient expression formula that on-state loss is obtained according to bridge arm current carries out subsection integral to the transient expression formula of on-state loss, obtains on-state loss calculation formula in conjunction with the switching sequence of movement of bridge arm current；Then the switching loss of all modules is summed in a power frequency period, obtains switching loss expression formula；Finally to total losses derivation, transmission voltage when being lost minimum is obtained, which is the voltage class after optimization design.Present invention determine that voltage class when loss is minimum, it is possible to reduce system loss, the determination for network voltage grade provide reference standard.
Description
Technical field
The invention patent belongs to flexible direct-current transmission field, in particular to a kind of flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class is excellent
Change design method.
Background technique
With the development of power electronics technology, modularization multi-level converter (MMC) is greatly promoted high-voltage dc transmission
The development of power technology.After 2001 are suggested for the first time, MMC is by the output waveform of its high-quality and lower power damage
Consumption, widely causes the interest of researcher, topological structure, mathematical modeling, coordinated control, failure in academia and industry
Protection etc. has been studied more thorough.As one kind of voltage source converter (VSC), MMC is to have both VSC all
While advantage, also there is device unanimously to trigger, and low dynamic voltage balancing requirement, favorable expandability, switching frequency is low and running wastage is low
Equal many advantages.Currently, D.C. high voltage transmission (MMC-HVDC) system based on modularization multi-level converter is answered extensively
For the occasion of the new-energy grid-connecteds such as wind-powered electricity generation, solar energy, it is soft to have Shanghai Nanhui direct current transportation demonstration project, Zhoushan Of Zhejiang Province multiterminal
Property direct current transportation demonstration project, Nanao, Guangdong Province Multi-end flexible direct current transmission demonstration project etc. put into operation or are building.
MMC-HVDC also can be applied to improve the occasion of city power distribution, such as be located at Transbay Cable engineering, the Liaoning in San Francisco
Great science and technology demonstration project of Dalian flexible DC transmission over strait etc..For the particular applications such as island power supply, MMC-HVDC
There is its unique advantage.It is contemplated that it is essential that MMC-HVDC will become its in the composition of Future Power System
Ingredient.
Different types of loss is different with the variation tendency of output voltage grade in modularization multi-level converter (MMC)
, it is therefore desirable to determine a kind of output voltage grade for making system total losses minimum.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is to propose a kind of flexible DC transmission voltage class optimum design method,
The analytical expression for having derived the various losses of converter valve, by having obtained converter valve damage to converter valve total losses expression formula derivation
Voltage class when consuming minimum.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class optimum design method, the flexible HVDC transmission system use
MMC converter valve, MMC converter valve use six bridge arm topological structure of three-phase, and every phase includes upper and lower two bridge arms, and each bridge arm is by N number of
SM submodule SM1~SMNIt is connected in series with an inductance L, the tie point of upper and lower bridge arm draws phase line；Three phase line accesses are public
Power grid；
Flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class optimization method are as follows: firstly, MMC converter valve on-state loss and switch will be determined
The bridge arm current of loss is converted into containing only voltage class variable UdcExpression formula；Secondly, obtaining on-state loss according to bridge arm current
Transient expression formula subsection integral is carried out to the transient expression formula of on-state loss in conjunction with the switching sequence of movement of bridge arm current,
Obtain on-state loss；Then, the switching loss of all modules is summed in a power frequency period, obtains switching loss；
Finally, calculating the total losses of converter valve by on-state loss and switching loss, to total losses derivation, transmission of electricity when being lost minimum is obtained
Voltage, the voltage are the voltage class after optimization design.
Further, the on-state loss PcondCalculation formula are as follows:
In above formula, N=round (Udc/USM), UdcFor direct-current transmission voltage, USMFor the voltage rating of SM submodule；T is work
Frequency period, n are the number for the SM submodule that bridge arm needs to be connected in t moment in a phase, ipaIt (t) is the electricity of bridge arm in t moment a phase
Stream, x0, x1And x2For ipa(t) at the time of zero crossing, PT_con(ipaIt (t)) is IGBT on-state loss, PD_con(ipaIt (t)) is two poles
Pipe on-state loss；Each calculation method of parameters is as follows:
In above formula, m is modulation ratio,For the power factor angle of flexible HVDC transmission system transmission power, ω is network voltage
Fundamental wave frequency, S are flexible HVDC transmission system transmission power rated value, UF0For diode threshold resistance, rfIt is logical for diode
State resistance；UCE0For the column voltage of holding up of IGBT, rCEFor IGBT on state resistance；
Further, the switching loss includes (1) necessary switching loss Psw1(2) additional switching losses Paddloss；
(1) necessary switching loss Psw1Calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, Eoff(ipa(tx)) it is IGBT in txThe turn-off power loss at moment, Erec(ipa(tx)) it is diode in txMoment
Reverse recovery loss, Eon(ipa(tx)) it is IGBT in txThe turn-on consumption at moment；Eoff(ipa(t'x)) it is IGBT in t'xMoment
Turn-off power loss, Erec(ipa(t'x)) it is diode in t'xThe reverse recovery loss at moment, Eon(ipa(t'x)) it is IGBT in t'xWhen
The turn-on consumption at quarter；Each calculation method of parameters is as follows:
In above formula, UCEBy the virtual voltage born when IGBT and diode current flow or shutdown, USMFor SM submodule electricity
Hold voltage rating；UCE_refCollector-in the databook provided for IGBT manufacturer when measuring single switching loss
Emitter voltage value；a1, b1And c1It is the fitting coefficient of IGBT turn-on consumption；a2, b2And c2It is the fitting system of IGBT turn-off power loss
Number；a3, b3And c3It is the fitting coefficient of diode reverse recovery losses；a1、b1、c1、a2、b2、c2、a3、b3And c3It can be raw from IGBT
It produces and is obtained in the databook of producer provided；
(2) additional switching losses PaddlossCalculation formula are as follows:
In above formula, TsTo control the period, k is from 1 to T/TsBetween natural number, Paddloss(k) meet following formula:
Wherein, Eon(ipa(kTs)) it is IGBT in kTsThe turn-on consumption at moment, Eoff(ipa(kTs)) it is IGBT in kTsMoment
Turn-off power loss, Erec(ipa(kTs)) it is diode in kTsThe reverse recovery loss at moment；
L (k) is the submodule number that upper bridge arm should be connected when controlling the period k-th, need to meet following formula:
Further, the total losses of the converter valve are as follows:
To the total losses of converter valveDerivation, evenSolve UdcValue, U at this timedcValue is
Voltage class after optimization design.
Further, a1, b1, c1It is the fitting coefficient of IGBT turn-on consumption, by databook " at 125 DEG C of junction temperature
Typical collector current-turn-on consumption " curve is obtained by the way of conic fitting, a1It is secondary in approximating method
Term coefficient, b1It is the Monomial coefficient in approximating method, c1It is the constant term coefficient in approximating method；a2, b2, c2It is IGBT shutdown
The fitting coefficient of loss, by being used to " typical collector current-turn-off power loss at 125 DEG C of junction temperature " curve in databook
The mode of conic fitting obtains, a2It is the two-term coefficient in approximating method, b2It is the Monomial coefficient in approximating method,
c2It is the constant term coefficient in approximating method；a3, b3, c3It is the fitting coefficient of diode reverse recovery losses, by data hand
" typical on state current-reverse recovery loss at 125 DEG C of junction temperature " curve is obtained by the way of conic fitting in volume, a3
It is the two-term coefficient in approximating method, b3It is the Monomial coefficient in approximating method, c3It is the constant term system in approximating method
Number.
Further, a1Value is 6.558 × 10-4, b1Value is 3.659, c1Value is 684.4, a2Value is 6.071
×10-5, b2Value is 4.025, c2Value is 378.2, a3Value is 7.984 × 10-4, b3Value is 3.103, c3Value is
644.2。
Further, T value is 0.02s, TsValue is 0.5ms,Value is that 0, m value is that 0.95, S value is
1000MW, ω value are the model Infineon-FZ1200R45HL, U of 100 π rad/s, IGBT pipesSMValue is 3000V, UCE
Value is 3000V, UCE_refValue is 2800V, UCE0Value is 1.342V, rCEValue is 0.00126 Ω, UF0Value is
1.079V rfValue is 0.001109 Ω.
The invention discloses a kind of flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class optimum design methods, will determine that MMC is changed first
The bridge arm current of stream valve on-state loss and switching loss is converted into containing only voltage class variable UdcExpression formula；Secondly according to bridge arm
Electric current obtains the transient expression formula of on-state loss, in conjunction with the switching sequence of movement of bridge arm current, to the instantaneous table of on-state loss
Subsection integral is carried out up to formula, obtains on-state loss calculation formula；Then by the switching loss of all modules in a power frequency period
It inside sums, obtains switching loss expression formula；Finally to total losses derivation, transmission voltage when being lost minimum, the electricity are obtained
Pressure is the voltage class after optimization design.Present invention determine that voltage class when loss is minimum, it is possible to reduce system loss,
Determination for network voltage grade provides reference standard.
The utility model has the advantages that
This flexible DC transmission voltage class optimum design method disclosed by the invention, analyzes all kinds of losses of converter valve
It is certain in capacity with the relationship of transmission voltage grade, under the fixed particular condition of submodule voltage, by total losses express into
Row derivation, solved loss it is minimum when voltage class.1) present invention provides the reference of science for the setting of voltage class；
2) system power loss is reduced.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 three-phase MMC system construction drawing；
Bridge arm current and submodule put into number relational graph in Fig. 2 a phase；
Fig. 3 bridge arm current and submodule switching sequence；
Fig. 4 additional switching losses calculation flow chart；
The relationship of Fig. 5 on-state loss and voltage class；
The relationship of Fig. 6 switching loss and voltage class；
The relationship of Fig. 7 total losses and voltage class；
Specific embodiment
In order to which the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention is more clearly understood, below in conjunction with
Attached drawing, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific example described herein is only used to explain this hair
It is bright, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 is three-phase MMC system, and three-phase MMC system is made of three phase bridge arms, and each phase bridge arm is by upper half bridge arm under
Half bridge arm two parts are constituted, and each half bridge arm (is successively denoted as SM by N number of SM submodule respectively1, SM2..., SMN) and a bridge arm
Inductance is sequentially connected in series, and the output end of each phase bridge arm is drawn from the tie point of two bridge arm inductance, and three exits are respectively
vao、vbo、vco；Each SM submodule is a half-bridge current transformer, by two IGBT pipes T1 and T2, two diode D1 and D2 and
One capacitor C is constituted；Wherein, the emitter of IGBT pipe T1 is connected with the collector of IGBT pipe T2 and constitutes the anode of SM, IGBT
The collector of pipe T1 is connected with the anode of capacitor C, and the emitter of IGBT pipe T2 is connected with the cathode of capacitor and constitutes the negative terminal of SM；
D1 and T1 reverse parallel connection, D2 and T2 reverse parallel connection；The gate pole of IGBT pipe T1 and T2 receive control wave；The volume of submodule
Constant voltage is USM, DC voltage Udc。
Below in conjunction with attached drawing to the on-state loss analytical expression of MMC converter valve submodule, switching loss solution in the present invention
The derivation process of analysis expression formula is illustrated.
Fig. 2 is that with submodule relational graph is connected in bridge arm current in a phase, as t ∈ (x0,x1) when, there is ipa, and i (t) > 0pa(t)
It flows through n D1 and neutralizes (N-n) a T2；As t ∈ (x1,x2) when, there is ipa, and i (t) < 0paIt flows through n T1 and neutralizes (N-n) a D2, institute
With on-state loss PcondAre as follows:
In above formula, T value is 0.02s, and n is the number for the submodule that bridge arm needs to be connected in t moment in a phase, ipa(t) it is
Bridge arm current in t moment a phase, x0, x1, x2For ipaAt the time of zero crossing, PT_con(ipaIt (t)) is IGBT on-state loss, PD_con
(ipaIt (t)) is diode on-state loss.
In above formula, m value is 0.95,Value is that 0, ω value is 100 π, and S value is 1000MW, UF0Value is
1.079 rfValue is 0.0011109 Ω；UCE0Value is 0.342V, rCEValue is 0.00126 Ω.
Fig. 3 is bridge arm current and submodule action sequence, t at the time of each staircase voltage changesxIt can be by following formula
It determines:
Wherein x is the submodule number that bridge arm is putting into operation in a phase.
As t ∈ (0, t '1) when, ipa> 0, therefore, in txMoment, it is necessary to switch to put by excision state by some submodule
State, wherein txAre as follows:
WhenWhen, ipa< 0, therefore, in txMoment, it is necessary to switch to some submodule by investment state to cut off shape
State, wherein txAre as follows:
WhenWhen, ipa< 0, therefore, in txMoment, it is necessary to switch to some submodule from investment state to cut off shape
State, wherein txAre as follows:
WhenWhen, ipa> 0, therefore, in txMoment, it is necessary to switch to some submodule from investment state to cut off shape
State, wherein txAre as follows:
Necessary switching loss P as shown in Figure 3sw1Expression formula are as follows:
Wherein, Eoff(ipa(tx)) it is IGBT in txThe turn-off power loss at moment, Erec(ipa(tx)) it is diode in txMoment
Reverse recovery loss, Eon(ipa(tx)) it is IGBT in txThe turn-on consumption at moment, Eoff(ipa(t'x)) it is IGBT in t'xMoment
Turn-off power loss, Erec(ipa(t'x)) it is diode in t'xThe reverse recovery loss at moment, Eon(ipa(t'x)) it is IGBT in t'xWhen
The turn-on consumption at quarter.
U in above formulaCEValue is 3000, UCE_refValue is 2800, a1Value is 6.558 × 10-4, b1Value is 3.659,
c1Value is 684.4, a2Value is 6.071 × 10-5, b2Value is 4.025, c2Value is 378.2, a3Value is 7.984 × 10-4, b3Value is 3.103, c3Value is 644.2.
Fig. 4 is additional switching losses calculation flow chart, TsTo control the period, when k-th of control period, upper bridge arm should be connected
Submodule number are as follows:
As l (k-1)≤N-l (k), if approached using nearest level, k control period, need kth -1
The submodule of control period conducting is all replaced with the submodule not turned on, at this time additional switching losses are as follows:
Paddloss(k)=l (k-1) (Eon(ipa(kTs))+Eoff(ipa(kTs))+Erec(ipa(kTs)))
As l (k-1) > N-l (k), then k-th of control period, need kth -1 to control the submodule of period conducting
In the excision of (N-l (k)) a submodule, additional switching losses at this time are as follows:
Paddloss(k)=(N-l (k)) (Eon(ipa(kTs))+Eoff(ipa(kTs))+Erec(ipa(kTs))))
So total additional switching losses PaddlossAre as follows:
T in above formulasValue is 0.5ms.
It is emulated in matlab, compares the Dissipation change rule under different capabilities, different voltages level condition.
Fig. 5 is the relationship of on-state loss and voltage class, it can be seen from the figure that when voltage class is lower, with electricity
The increase of grade is pressed, on-state loss declines rapidly.For example it when voltage class is 240kV, is lost as 10.33MW, when voltage etc.
When grade is increased to 600kV, loss quickly falls to 5.807MW；When voltage class further increases, slowly decline is lost, when
Voltage class is 780kV, and loss drops to 5.111MW, and after voltage class is greater than 800kV, loss is held essentially constant.
Fig. 6 is the relationship of switching loss and voltage class, it can be seen from the figure that when voltage class is lower, due to son
Number of modules is less, therefore switching loss is lower；When voltage class increases, submodule number increases, and switching loss also increases accordingly.
Such as when voltage class is 240kV, switching loss 7.755MW, when voltage class is increased to 780kV, switching loss liter
Height arrives 9.612MW.
Different types of loss is different with the variation tendency of voltage class, it is therefore desirable to determine that one kind makes system total
The smallest voltage class is lost.
Fig. 7 is the relationship of total losses and voltage class, it can be seen from the figure that with the gradually liter of transmission voltage grade
Height, total losses have a minimum, appear in 720kV voltage class vicinity.This is because when the capacity of converter valve determines,
With the raising of voltage class, on-state loss can gradually converge to fixed value at this time, and switching loss but can gradually increase at the same time
Add.It can determine the transmission voltage of converter valve when being lost minimum, by the method for the invention to determine network voltage grade and power grid
Capacity provides reference.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class optimum design method, the flexible HVDC transmission system uses MMC
Converter valve, MMC converter valve use six bridge arm topological structure of three-phase, and every phase includes upper and lower two bridge arms, and each bridge arm is by N number of SM
Submodule and an inductance L are connected in series, and the tie point of upper and lower bridge arm draws phase line；Three phase lines access public electric wire net；It is special
Sign is, flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class optimization method are as follows: firstly, MMC converter valve on-state loss and switch will be determined
The bridge arm current of loss is converted into containing only voltage class variable UdcExpression formula；Secondly, obtaining on-state loss according to bridge arm current
Transient expression formula subsection integral is carried out to the transient expression formula of on-state loss in conjunction with the switching sequence of movement of bridge arm current,
Obtain on-state loss；Then, the switching loss of all modules is summed in a power frequency period, obtains switching loss；
Finally, calculating the total losses of converter valve by on-state loss and switching loss, to total losses derivation, transmission of electricity when being lost minimum is obtained
Voltage, the voltage are the voltage class after optimization design.
2. flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class optimum design method according to claim 1, the on-state loss meter
Calculate formula are as follows:
In above formula, N=round (Udc/USM), UdcFor direct-current transmission voltage, USMFor the voltage rating of SM submodule；T is power frequency week
Phase, n are the number for the SM submodule that bridge arm needs to be connected in t moment in a phase, ipaIt (t) is the electric current of bridge arm in t moment a phase,
x0, x1And x2For ipa(t) at the time of zero crossing, PT_con(ipaIt (t)) is IGBT on-state loss, PD_con(ipa(t)) logical for diode
State loss；Each calculation method of parameters is as follows:
In above formula, m is modulation ratio,For the power factor angle of flexible HVDC transmission system transmission power, ω is network voltage fundamental wave
Angular frequency, S are flexible HVDC transmission system transmission power rated value, UF0For diode threshold resistance, rfFor diode on-state electricity
Resistance；UCE0For the column voltage of holding up of IGBT, rCEFor IGBT on state resistance.
3. flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class optimum design method according to claim 2, the switching loss packet
Include (1) necessary switching loss Psw1(2) additional switching losses Paddloss；
(1) necessary switching loss Psw1Calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, Eoff(ipa(tx)) it is IGBT in txThe turn-off power loss at moment, Erec(ipa(tx)) it is diode in txMoment it is reversed
Restore loss, Eon(ipa(tx)) it is IGBT in txThe turn-on consumption at moment；Eoff(ipa(t'x)) it is IGBT in t'xThe shutdown at moment
Loss, Erec(ipa(t'x)) it is diode in t'xThe reverse recovery loss at moment, Eon(ipa(t'x)) it is IGBT in t'xMoment
Turn-on consumption；Each calculation method of parameters is as follows:
In above formula, UCEBy the virtual voltage born when IGBT and diode current flow or shutdown, USMFor SM submodule capacitor volume
Constant voltage；UCE_refCollector-transmitting in the databook provided for IGBT manufacturer when measuring single switching loss
Pole tension value；a1, b1And c1It is the fitting coefficient of IGBT turn-on consumption；a2, b2And c2It is the fitting coefficient of IGBT turn-off power loss；
a3, b3And c3It is the fitting coefficient of diode reverse recovery losses；a1、b1、c1、a2、b2、c2、a3、b3And c3It can be from IGBT factory
It is obtained in the databook of family provided；
(2) additional switching losses PaddlossCalculation formula are as follows:
In above formula, TsTo control the period, k is from 1 to T/TsBetween natural number, Paddloss(k) meet following formula:
Wherein, Eon(ipa(kTs)) it is IGBT in kTsThe turn-on consumption at moment, Eoff(ipa(kTs)) it is IGBT in kTsThe pass at moment
Breakdown consumption, Erec(ipa(kTs)) it is diode in kTsThe reverse recovery loss at moment；
L (k) is the submodule number that upper bridge arm should be connected when controlling the period k-th, need to meet following formula:
4. flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class optimum design method according to claim 3, the converter valve it is total
Loss are as follows:
To the total losses of converter valveDerivation, evenSolve UdcValue, U at this timedcValue is to optimize
Voltage class after design.
5. flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class optimum design method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that a1,
b1, c1It is the fitting coefficient of IGBT turn-on consumption, by the way that in databook, " typical collector current-is open-minded at 125 DEG C of junction temperature
Loss " curve is obtained by the way of conic fitting, a1It is the two-term coefficient in approximating method, b1It is in approximating method
Monomial coefficient, c1It is the constant term coefficient in approximating method；a2, b2, c2It is the fitting coefficient of IGBT turn-off power loss, passes through
" typical collector current-turn-off power loss at 125 DEG C of junction temperature " curve in databook is obtained by the way of conic fitting
, a2It is the two-term coefficient in approximating method, b2It is the Monomial coefficient in approximating method, c2It is the constant in approximating method
Term coefficient；a3, b3, c3It is the fitting coefficient of diode reverse recovery losses, by " at 125 DEG C of junction temperature typical in databook
On state current-reverse recovery loss " curve is obtained by the way of conic fitting, a3It is the quadratic term in approximating method
Coefficient, b3It is the Monomial coefficient in approximating method, c3It is the constant term coefficient in approximating method.
6. flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class optimum design method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that a1It takes
Value is 6.558 × 10-4, b1Value is 3.659, c1Value is 684.4, a2Value is 6.071 × 10-5, b2Value is 4.025, c2
Value is 378.2, a3Value is 7.984 × 10-4, b3Value is 3.103, c3Value is 644.2.
7. the flexible HVDC transmission system voltage class optimum design method according to any one of claim 2~6, special
Sign is that T value is 0.02s, TsValue is 0.5ms,It is 0.95, S value is 1000MW that value, which is 0, m value, and ω value is
The model Infineon-FZ1200R45HL, U of 100 π rad/s, IGBT pipesSMValue is 3000V, UCEValue is 3000V,
UCE_refValue is 2800V, UCE0Value is 1.342V, rCEValue is 0.00126 Ω, UF0Value is 1.079V, rfValue is
0.001109Ω。
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