CN106706182A - Secondary testing method for stress field of wall rock region of tunnel of high-stress region - Google Patents
Secondary testing method for stress field of wall rock region of tunnel of high-stress region Download PDFInfo
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- CN106706182A CN106706182A CN201611031616.0A CN201611031616A CN106706182A CN 106706182 A CN106706182 A CN 106706182A CN 201611031616 A CN201611031616 A CN 201611031616A CN 106706182 A CN106706182 A CN 106706182A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
Abstract
The invention discloses a secondary testing method for a stress field of a wall rock region of a tunnel of a high-stress region. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mounting m sensors in a long-buried tunnel, and longitudinally dividing a deep-buried tunnel into n segments; forming an artificial seismic source at a point Di of each tunnel segment, and recording arrival time (a formula shown in the description) when sound waves are received by each sensor; formulating a function expression for arrival time according to a functional relationship between shortest sound wave propagation path and speed and time, substituting actual arrival time into the function expression by using a least square method, so as to obtain a rock stratum wave velocity; selecting tunnel segments with large rock mass stress according to monoaxial compression-resistant experimental features of stress wave velocity; (2) mounting m' sensors in the tunnel segments selected in the step (1), and transversely dividing the deep-buried tunnel into n' segments; forming an artificial seismic source at a point Di' of each tunnel segment, and recording arrival time (a formula shown in the description) when sound waves are received by each sensor; solving the rock stratum wave velocity again; obtaining the stress intensity of rock mass according to the wave velocity through reverse calculation. According to the method, the stress can be efficiently and more conveniently detected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of testing of stress field of the surrounding rock, including two big steps.
Technical background
Used as a kind of structures of fine texture long, it encloses the rock mass materials non-linear spy with mechanical response in itself in tunnel
Property.For buried Rock Tunnel, under condition of high ground stress, country rock body such as treats quick-fried high-explosive bomb.Also, due to excavating what is caused
Tunnel face irregularly makes rock mass stress be distributed concentration of local, can aggravate its unstability tendency.Therefore, testing tunnel country rock regional stress
Field distribution, it appears particularly important.
Existing some stress mornitoring methods, such as flat jack method, resultant stress overcoring method.But in a long tunnel,
Want to obtain more careful Stress Field Distribution, many sampling points must just be taken using the above method, detected, it is bothersome to take
Power, and the degree of accuracy be affected by human factors it is larger.In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to propose that a kind of artifical influence factor is small,
The method of testing of convenient operation.
To solve the problems, such as that it is larger that the bothersome laborious, degree of accuracy of traditional stress mornitoring method is affected by human factors.
The content of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is, in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, there is provided a kind of brand-new tunnel stress inspection
Survey method, using ripple under same media difference stress condition the different principle of spread speed, can be with more efficient more easily complete
Into detection.
In order to solve the above technical problems, solution of the invention is as follows：
A kind of second test method of region of high stress tunnel surrounding regional stress field, comprises the following steps：
Step one, tunnel stress are longitudinally detected：
1.1) test prepares：
Straight deep tunnel longitudinal direction (perpendicular to the earth's core direction) of length is divided into n sections, every section of thickness is designated as Si(i=1,2 ...,
N), every section of thickness can be divided according to concrete engineering；It is assumed herein that same section of rock mass internal stress distribution is identical, it is more smart to obtain
True stress distribution, need to increase the value of n, draw thinner by every section of rock mass.In order to simplify problem, first assume same in step one
Individual cross section stress distribution is also identical, and the hypothesis is removed in second largest step；
M sensor is loaded onto respectively in straight deep tunnel bottom surface diverse location long, and m is the integer more than or equal to 5；
The position of each sensor and thickness SiIt is known；
1.2) data acquisition：
In every section of point D in tunneliPlace, produces a man-made explosion, records each sensor and receives sound wave thenWhereinRepresent：The man-made explosion produced in i-th section of tunnel, j-th sensor
Receive the actual measurement of sound wave then；
1.3) data processing：
Most short propagation path according to sound wave lists function expression then with the functional relation with velocity of wave, time；Profit
With least square method, actual measurement is brought into then, solve rock stratum velocity of wave；
1.4) stress-velocity of wave table is searched：
The corresponding rock mass stress size of velocity of wave is obtained by tabling look-up, the maximum tunnel construction sections of stress are selected；
According to stress-velocity of wave table, the corresponding stress of the rock mass velocity in each section of tunnel is found (if not having in stress-velocity of wave table
Have corresponding velocity of wave, then by with its immediate two value carrying out difference and then Extrapolation is obtained), select the maximum tunnel of stress
Road section；In the first big step, the relative stress size cases of every section of longitudinal tunnel rock mass are roughly detected, selected
Tunnel construction sections where the larger rock mass of stress.In step 2, then the stress of these tunnel construction sections is further detected,
Detect the lateral stress distribution of big stress tunnel construction sections.
Step 2：Tunnel stress is laterally detected：
2.1) secondary preparation is tested：
The straight deep tunnel of length is divided into n ' parts by laterally (parallel to ground direction), every part of thickness is designated as Si' (i=1,
2 ..., n '), every part of thickness can be divided according to concrete engineering；
The individual sensors of m ' are loaded onto in the tunnel construction sections that step one is selected, m ' is the integer more than or equal to 4；
The position of sensor and thickness Si' be it is known；
2.2) data secondary acquisition
In every part of point D in tunneli' place (corresponding flat expanded position Di"), produces a man-made explosion, records each sensing
Device receives sound wave thenWhereinRepresent：In the man-made explosion that i parts of tunnel is produced, j-th sensor receives sound wave
Actual measurement is then；
2.3) data are processed again
Most short propagation path according to sound wave lists function expression then, profit with the functional relation with velocity of wave, time
With least square method, actual measurement is brought into then, solve rock stratum velocity of wave；
2.4) stress-velocity of wave table is searched
The corresponding rock mass stress size of velocity of wave is obtained by tabling look-up.
The step 1.4) and 2.4) in, the method for building up of stress-velocity of wave table is：
First, N group rock mass in tunnel samples are taken；
Then, uniaxial compressive experiment is carried out respectively to each group of rock mass in tunnel sample：Stress is started from scratch, be by 5MPa
Interval carries out being incremented by applying【Until increasing to the uniaxial compressive strength value of rock mass in tunnel sample】, record the ripple under different stress
Speed, charges to following table；
| Group number | Stress (MPa) | Velocity of wave (m/s) |
| 1 | 0 | |
| 1 | 5 | |
| 1 | 10 | |
| … | … | |
| 2 | 0 | |
| 2 | 5 | |
| 2 | 10 | |
| … | … | |
| 3 | 0 | |
| 3 | 5 | |
| 3 | 10 | |
| … | … | |
| 4 | 0 | |
| 4 | 5 | |
| 4 | 10 | |
| … | … |
Finally, same stress, the corresponding velocity of wave of rock mass in tunnel sample of different group numbers are averaged, used as tunnel rock
The corresponding velocity of wave of the body stress state, sets up following stress-velocity of wave table according to this：
The step 1.3) in：
Earliest then distance of the sound wave from focus to sensor is the beeline in focus to sensor in rock mass；
Function expression then is：
Wherein, lijAnd viThe sound wave for being illustrated respectively in the man-made explosion that kth section tunnel is produced reaches j-th mistake of sensor
Cheng Zhong, its distance passed through in i-th layer of rock mass and velocity of wave, tkIt is to produce the local time of man-made explosion in kth section tunnel；
According to principle of least square method, object function is constituted：
Above formula is a nonlinear fitting problem, seeks its least square solution, you can obtain the velocity of wave v in each layer rock massi, Dk's
Position, and kth section tunnel produces the time t of man-made explosionk。
The step 2.3) in：
Earliest then distance of the sound wave from focus to sensor is the beeline in focus to sensor in rock mass；
Function expression then is：
Wherein, lij' and vi' the sound wave for being illustrated respectively in the man-made explosion that kth part tunnel is produced reaches j-th sensor
During, its distance passed through in i-th layer of rock mass and velocity of wave, tk' be kth part tunnel produce man-made explosion it is local when
Between；
According to principle of least square method, object function is constituted：
Above formula is a nonlinear fitting problem, seeks its least square solution, you can obtain the velocity of wave v in each layer rock massi', Dk″
Position, and produce man-made explosion time tk′。
The step 1.1) in, m=6.In detection, 5 sensors are at least needed, the present invention sets 6 sensors, passes through
It is appropriate to increase number of sensors to increase the accuracy of detection.
6 sensors are arranged in the bottom surface at the straight deep tunnel two ends of length；6 sensors are designated as respectively：A1、A2、A3、
B1、B2And B3；Wherein A1、A2And A3It is arranged in bottom surface of the straight deep tunnel of length with one end；B1、B2And B3It is arranged in straight buried tunnel long
The bottom surface of the road other end；
When j-th sensor is A1、A2、A3When：
Wherein, θkjIt is DkWith the line between j-th sensor and the longitudinal angle of the straight deep tunnel of length, 0 ＜ θkj＜
90°：
When j-th sensor is B1、B2、B3When：
Wherein, θkjIt is DkWith the line between j-th sensor and the longitudinal angle of the straight deep tunnel of length, 0 ＜ θkj＜
90°：
The step 1.1) in, m '=5.In detection, at least 4 sensors, the present invention sets 5 sensors, by suitable
Increase the accuracy of detection when number of sensors is increased.
5 sensors are arranged in straight deep tunnel bottom surface end positions long, the straight deep tunnel arc top surface two ends of length
Position, the straight deep tunnel arc top surface point midway of length.
Beneficial effect：
The present invention is utilized in roughly the same rock mass well, and the propagation of velocity of wave is relevant with rock mass stress size.
Step one just can substantially measure the longitudinal stress situation in tunnel using 6 sensors, and second step more meticulously, is more accurately surveyed
Go out the stress distribution along tunnel cross section in-plane, and two dimensional surface stress problem is converted into a problem so that test
It is simple to operate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is arrival end sensor mounting location figure.
Fig. 2 is sound wave transmission shortest path schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that tunnel construction sections level (transverse direction) divides legend.
Fig. 4 is that tunnel construction sections level (transverse direction) divides expanded view；Fig. 4 (a) is tunnel construction sections horizontal division expanded view, and Fig. 4 (b) is
Tunnel construction sections horizontal division sound wave transmits shortest path schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments：
Embodiment 1：
Step one, tunnel stress are longitudinally detected：
1.1) test prepares
Straight deep tunnel longitudinal direction (perpendicular to the earth's core direction) of length is divided into n sections, every section of thickness is designated as Si(i=1,2 ...,
N) (every section of thickness can be divided according to concrete engineering)；(assuming that same section of rock mass internal stress distribution is identical (more accurate to obtain
Stress distribution, the value of n need to be increased, by every section of rock mass draw it is thinner).In order to simplify problem, first assume same in step one
Individual cross section stress distribution is also identical, and the hypothesis is removed in second largest step；)
6 sensors are loaded onto in the bottom surface of the straight deep tunnel of length, the bottom at tunnel two ends can be as in figure 2 attached separately to
Face, respectively：A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3.The straight deep tunnel of length is divided into n sections by perpendicular to the earth's core direction, every section of thickness can
It is divided into according to concrete engineering：Si.Wherein, sensors A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3Position and thickness SiIt is known.
1.2) data acquisition
Tunnel has been divided into n sections.In every section of the bottom surface D in tunnelkPlace, produces a man-made explosion, and record sensor is received
Sound wave is thenWherein thenRepresent：In the k sections of man-made explosion of generation, j-th sensor (can represent A1、A2、A3、
B1、B2、B3In one) receive actual local time of sound wave.
1.3) data processing
Distance of the sound wave from focus to sensor is air line distance, and its distance in each layer of rock mass is lij.Assuming that
The local time for producing man-made explosion is tk, in the man-made explosion D that kth layer is producedk- 1 layer from kth of position with a distance from be Δ Sk,
DkIt is θ with the longitudinal angle of the line between j-th sensor and the straight deep tunnel of lengthkj, then, equilibrium relationships can be listed：
When j-th sensor is A1、A2、A3When：
When j-th sensor is B1、B2、B3When：
According to principle of least square method, constituting-functionses：
Above formula is a nonlinear fitting problem, seeks its least square solution, and can obtain the velocity of wave v in each layer rock massi, Dk's
Position, and produce the time t of man-made explosionk。
1.4) correspondence is tabled look-up
According to the principle of " stress is bigger, and velocity of wave is smaller ", select that velocity of wave is small, i.e. the big tunnel construction sections of stress.
Step 2：Tunnel stress is laterally detected.
In the first big step, the relative stress size cases of every section of longitudinal tunnel rock mass are roughly detected,
Tunnel construction sections where selecting the larger rock mass of stress.In second largest step, then traveling one is entered to the stress of these tunnel construction sections
The detection of step, detects the lateral stress distribution of big stress tunnel construction sections.
2.1) secondary preparation is tested
Tunnel construction sections are laterally divided into n ' parts.Every part of thickness can be divided into according to concrete engineering：Si', wherein, thickness Si′
It is known.N ' takes 14 in Fig. 3, is relatively evenly to be divided into 14 parts by tunnel construction sections.Three-dimensional tunnel section is launched on drawing
Two dimension, as shown in Figure 4.5 sensors are loaded onto in tunnel construction sections.Wherein, sensors A, the position of B, C, D, E are known.
2.2) data secondary acquisition
Tunnel construction sections are again broken down into n ' parts.In every part of tunnel construction sections of Di' place (corresponding flat expanded position Di"), produces
One man-made explosion, record sensor receives sound wave thenWherein thenRepresent：In the i sections of artificial shake of generation
Source, when j-th sensor receives the actual local time of sound wave.
2.3) data are processed again
Earliest then distance of the sound wave from focus to sensor is the beeline in focus to sensor in rock mass,
Its distance in each layer of rock mass is lij', it is assumed that the local time for producing man-made explosion is tk', in the people that kth ' layer is produced
Work focus Dk" -1 layer from kth of position with a distance from be Δ Sk', then, equilibrium relationships can be listed：
According to principle of least square method, constituting-functionses：
Above formula is a nonlinear fitting problem, seeks its least square solution, and can obtain the velocity of wave v in each layer rock massi', Di″
Position, and produce man-made explosion time tk′。
2.4) correspond to again and table look-up
The corresponding rock mass stress size of velocity of wave is obtained by tabling look-up.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of second test method of region of high stress tunnel surrounding regional stress field, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step one, tunnel stress are longitudinally detected：
1.1) test prepares：
It is n sections that straight deep tunnel will be grown longitudinally divided, and every section of thickness is designated as Si(i=1,2 ..., n)；
M sensor is loaded onto respectively in straight deep tunnel bottom surface diverse location long, and m is the integer more than or equal to 5；
The position of each sensor and thickness SiIt is known；
1.2) data acquisition：
In every section of point D in tunneliPlace, produces a man-made explosion, records each sensor and receives sound wave thenWhereinRepresent：The man-made explosion produced in i-th section of tunnel, j-th sensor
Receive the actual measurement of sound wave then；
1.3) data processing：
Most short propagation path according to sound wave lists function expression then with the functional relation with velocity of wave, time；Using most
Small square law, brings actual measurement into then, solves the rock mass velocity in each section of tunnel；
1.4) stress-velocity of wave table is searched：
The corresponding rock mass stress size of velocity of wave is obtained by tabling look-up, the maximum tunnel construction sections of stress are selected；
Step 2：Tunnel stress is laterally detected：
2.1) secondary preparation is tested：
By the straight deep tunnel of length by laterally n ' parts are divided into, every part of thickness is designated as Si' (i=1,2 ..., n ')；
The individual sensors of m ' are loaded onto in the tunnel construction sections that step one is selected, m ' is the integer more than or equal to 4；
The position of each sensor and thickness Si' be it is known；
2.2) data secondary acquisition
In every part of point D in tunneli' place, produces a man-made explosion, records each sensor and receives sound wave thenWhereinRepresent：In the man-made explosion that i parts of tunnel is produced, j-th sensor receives the actual measurement of sound wave then；
2.3) data are processed again
Most short propagation path according to sound wave lists function expression then with the functional relation with velocity of wave, time, using most
Small square law, brings actual measurement into then, solves rock stratum velocity of wave；
2.4) stress-velocity of wave table is searched
The corresponding rock mass stress size of velocity of wave is obtained by tabling look-up.
2. the second test method of region of high stress tunnel surrounding regional stress field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The step 1.4) and 2.4) in, the method for building up of stress-velocity of wave table is：
First, N group rock mass in tunnel samples are taken；
Then, uniaxial compressive experiment is carried out respectively to each group of rock mass in tunnel sample：Stress is started from scratch, be interval by 5MPa
Carry out being incremented by applying, record the velocity of wave under different stress, charge to form；
Finally, same stress, the corresponding velocity of wave of rock mass in tunnel sample of different group numbers are averaged, and are somebody's turn to do as rock mass in tunnel
The corresponding velocity of wave of stress state, sets up stress-velocity of wave table according to this.
3. the second test method of region of high stress tunnel surrounding regional stress field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The step 1.3) in, function expression then is：
Wherein, lijAnd viThe sound wave for being illustrated respectively in the man-made explosion that kth section tunnel is produced reaches j-th process of sensor
In, its distance passed through in i-th layer of rock mass and velocity of wave, tkIt is to produce the local time of man-made explosion in kth section tunnel；
According to principle of least square method, object function is constituted：
Its least square solution is sought, the velocity of wave v in each layer rock mass is obtainedi。
4. the second test method of region of high stress tunnel surrounding regional stress field according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
The step 2.3) in, function expression then is：
Wherein, lij' and viThe sound wave of ' the man-made explosion for being illustrated respectively in the generation of kth part tunnel reaches j-th process of sensor
In, its distance passed through in i-th layer of rock mass and velocity of wave, tk' it is to produce the local time of man-made explosion in kth part tunnel；
According to principle of least square method, object function is constituted：
Its least square solution is sought, the velocity of wave v in each layer rock mass is obtainedi′。
5. the second test method of the region of high stress tunnel surrounding regional stress field according to any one of Claims 1 to 4,
Characterized in that, the step 1.1) in, m=6.
6. the second test method of region of high stress tunnel surrounding regional stress field according to claim 5, it is characterised in that
6 sensors are arranged in the bottom surface at the straight deep tunnel two ends of length；6 sensors are designated as respectively：A1、A2、A3、B1、B2And B3；
Wherein A1、A2And A3It is arranged in bottom surface of the straight deep tunnel of length with one end；B1、B2And B3It is arranged in the straight deep tunnel other end of length
Bottom surface；
When j-th sensor is A1、A2、A3When：
Wherein, θkjIt is DkWith the line between j-th sensor and the longitudinal angle of the straight deep tunnel of length, 0 ＜ θkj90 ° of ＜：
When j-th sensor is B1、B2、B3When：
Wherein, θkjIt is DkWith the line between j-th sensor and the longitudinal angle of the straight deep tunnel of length, 0 ＜ θkj90 ° of ＜：
7. the second test method of the region of high stress tunnel surrounding regional stress field according to any one of Claims 1 to 4,
Characterized in that, the step 1.1) in, m '=5.
8. the second test method of region of high stress tunnel surrounding regional stress field according to claim 7, it is characterised in that
5 sensors are arranged in straight deep tunnel bottom surface end positions long, the straight deep tunnel arc top surface end positions of length, length directly
Deep tunnel arc top surface point midway.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111855961A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-30 | 中南大学 | Rock mass drilling quality detection method, drilling machine, server and storage medium |
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| CN106706182B (en) | 2018-01-09 |
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