CN106703798B - Shale heterogeneity dividing and comparing method - Google Patents

Shale heterogeneity dividing and comparing method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN106703798B
CN106703798B CN201611268787.5A CN201611268787A CN106703798B CN 106703798 B CN106703798 B CN 106703798B CN 201611268787 A CN201611268787 A CN 201611268787A CN 106703798 B CN106703798 B CN 106703798B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
heterogeneity
shale
reservoir
longitudinal
shale reservoir
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201611268787.5A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN106703798A (en
Inventor
孟志勇
舒志国
陆亚秋
张梦吟
韩驰宇
舒志恒
蔡进
甘玉青
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Petrochemical Corp
Exploration and Development Research Institute of Sinopec Jianghan Oilfield Co
Original Assignee
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Exploration and Development Research Institute of Sinopec Jianghan Oilfield Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Petroleum and Chemical Corp, Exploration and Development Research Institute of Sinopec Jianghan Oilfield Co filed Critical China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Priority to CN201611268787.5A priority Critical patent/CN106703798B/en
Publication of CN106703798A publication Critical patent/CN106703798A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106703798B publication Critical patent/CN106703798B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a shale heterogeneity dividing and comparing method, which comprises the following steps: 1) dividing and comparing high-frequency sequence, and establishing an isochronous stratigraphic comparison framework for vertical heterogeneity division of the shale reservoir; 2) researching the macroscopic heterogeneity in the isochronous stratigraphic contrast framework, and analyzing and determining the longitudinal and transverse change characteristics of the macroscopic heterogeneity of different high-frequency stratum sequence sections of the shale reservoir in the isochronous stratigraphic contrast framework; 3) the research of the micro heterogeneity in the isochronal stratigraphic contrast grillwork establishes the longitudinal and transverse change characteristics of the micro heterogeneity of shale reservoirs of different high-frequency stratum sequence sections; 4) and dividing and comparing small layers, namely finely dividing the small layers in an isochronous stratigraphic comparison framework according to the heterogeneity characteristics of shale reservoirs in macroscopic and microscopic heterogeneity research results. The shale reservoir with high longitudinal and transverse homogeneity is selected as a continuous stable production type mining selected layer by using the method, and geological basis is provided for the development of longitudinal selected layers, plane partitioning and development technical policies of shale gas in the later period.

Description

Shale heterogeneity dividing and comparing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shale gas development technology, in particular to a shale heterogeneity dividing and comparing method.
Background
The five-peak-Longmaxi shale gas reservoir development practice of the first-stage production area of the Fuling shale gas field coke dam block for two years proves that different intervals of the gas-bearing shale section and different blocks on the plane have different productivity, and the research proves that the longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity of the shale reservoir is the main reason of the longitudinal and transverse productivity difference.
According to the traditional view, the shale is high in homogeneity, systematic research has not been carried out on the heterogeneity of shale reservoirs, whether the heterogeneity of the shale reservoirs has a critical influence on the productivity of gas-bearing gas reservoirs or not, important key parameters of the shale reservoirs can have a significant influence on the single-well productivity of shale gas wells in the later period or not is not clear, a method for dividing and comparing the heterogeneity of the shale reservoirs is not established, and a series of problems hinder the development of the division work of the later-period development layer system and the development area of the shale gas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a shale heterogeneity dividing and comparing method aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a shale heterogeneity partitioning and comparing method comprises the following steps:
1) high frequency sequence partitioning and comparison
According to the regional geological condition, carrying out high-frequency sequence partitioning and comparison work in a shale gas development area through characteristics including petromineralogy, archaea, authigenic minerals and electrical property, and establishing an isochronal stratum comparison framework for vertical heterogeneity partitioning of a shale reservoir;
2) study of macroscopic heterogeneity in isochronal stratigraphic contrast grids
The method comprises the steps of taking sea level elevation, ancient productivity, source supply rate and ancient landform as influence factors of longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity of rock facies, stratum thickness and electrical characteristics of a shale reservoir, analyzing and determining longitudinal and transverse change characteristics (including lithologic facies, geology and storage characteristics of shale) of macroscopic heterogeneity of different high-frequency stratum sections of the shale reservoir in an isochronous stratigraphic contrast grid, and analyzing and determining the longitudinal and transverse change characteristics of the macroscopic heterogeneity of the shale reservoir in the high-quality stratum sections.
3) Study of microscopic heterogeneity in isochronous stratigraphic contrast grids
Combining shale gas reservoir mechanism research and later development research requirements, carrying out shale reservoir micro-heterogeneity (shale reservoir pore structure characteristics, physical properties characteristics and gas containing characteristics) characteristic research through the TOC and clay mineral content of a shale reservoir in an isochronal stratum framework, and determining the longitudinal and transverse variation characteristics of the shale reservoir micro-heterogeneity of different high-frequency stratum sections, wherein the TOC and clay mineral content of the shale reservoir are influence factors of the physical longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity of the shale reservoir, and the TOC is influence factors of the longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity of the gas containing property of the shale reservoir;
4) small layer partitioning and comparison
In the isochronal stratum contrast framework, according to the heterogeneity characteristics of shale reservoirs in the macroscopic and microscopic heterogeneity research results, fine division of small layers and stability of lithology, thickness, geology, reservoir and gas bearing characteristics are carried out, the shale reservoir with high longitudinal and transverse homogeneity is selected as a continuous steady-production type mining selected layer, and geological basis is provided for the technical policies of longitudinal layer selection, planar partitioning and development of later-stage shale gas development.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a method for dividing and comparing shale reservoir heterogeneity in an isochronal stratigraphic comparison grid through multi-factor analysis, researches the influence of the heterogeneity of a shale reservoir on the productivity of a gas-bearing shale gas reservoir, provides important key parameters of the shale reservoir which can obviously influence the single-well productivity of a shale gas well in the later period, and can effectively develop the dividing work of a shale gas later-stage development layer system and a development area.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a comparison chart of the quincunx-Longmaxi sequence stratigraphic division of the Fuling shale gas field coke dam block in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating macroscopic heterogeneity characteristics of a pentapeak-Lomaxi gas-containing shale section in a coke dam region according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a histogram of the pore types of gas-bearing shale sections of a pentapeak-roman series of a coke dam block in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a shale heterogeneity partitioning and comparing method includes:
1) high frequency sequence partitioning and comparison
According to the regional geological condition, carrying out high-frequency sequence partitioning and comparison work in a shale gas development area through characteristics including petromineralogy, archaea, authigenic minerals and electrical property, and establishing an isochronal stratum comparison framework for vertical heterogeneity partitioning of a shale reservoir;
2) study of macroscopic heterogeneity in isochronal stratigraphic contrast grids
Taking sea level elevation, ancient productivity, source supply rate and ancient landform as influence factors of longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity of rock phase, stratum thickness and electrical characteristics of the shale reservoir, and analyzing and determining longitudinal and transverse change characteristics of macroscopic heterogeneity of different high-frequency stratum sections of the shale reservoir in an isochronous stratigraphic contrast grid (in terms of the rock phase and the electrical characteristics, a sea invasion period and an early high-level region are main periods of development of a high-quality shale reservoir, the thickness distribution on the plane is stable and is influenced by the sea level elevation, the source supply rate and the ancient landform, and the stratum thickness in the high-level region period is reduced in the south);
3) study of microscopic heterogeneity in isochronous stratigraphic contrast grids
Combining shale gas reservoir mechanism research and later development research requirements, carrying out shale reservoir micro-heterogeneity (shale reservoir pore structure characteristics, physical properties characteristics and gas containing characteristics) characteristic research through the TOC and clay mineral content of a shale reservoir in an isochronal stratum framework, and determining the longitudinal and transverse variation characteristics of the shale reservoir micro-heterogeneity of different high-frequency stratum sections, wherein the TOC and clay mineral content of the shale reservoir are influence factors of the physical longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity of the shale reservoir, and the TOC is influence factors of the longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity of the gas containing property of the shale reservoir;
4) small layer partitioning and comparison
In the isochronal stratum contrast framework, according to the heterogeneity characteristics of shale reservoirs in the macroscopic and microscopic heterogeneity research results, fine division of small layers and stability of lithology, thickness, geology, reservoir and gas bearing characteristics are carried out, the shale reservoir with high longitudinal and transverse homogeneity is selected as a continuous steady-production type mining selected layer, and geological basis is provided for the technical policies of longitudinal layer selection, planar partitioning and development of later-stage shale gas development.
According to the content of the invention, the technology is applied to the shale dam area of the Fuling shale gas field, so that the shale gas development work is effectively guided, the single-well productivity is improved, and a good effect is achieved.
The explanation below takes the Fuling shale gas field coke dam block as an example. Through sequence stratum division and comparison, an isochronal stratum comparison grid is established, longitudinal change characteristics of macroscopic and microscopic heterogeneity main control factors of the shale reservoir are determined through analysis of shale reservoir heterogeneity main control factors such as sea level elevation, ancient productivity, material source supply rate and ancient landforms, and fine small-layer division and comparison are conducted on the basis.
(1) High frequency sequence partitioning and comparison
According to characteristics of lithology, biological combination, authigenic minerals, electrical property and the like, the Wufeng-Longmaxi gas shale section of the Fuling shale gas field coke dam block is mainly a deep-water land shed sedimentary subphase, and a deep-water silica slime land shed, a deep-water sand slime land shed, a deep-water mixed-accumulation land shed and a deep-water sand slime land shed sedimentary microphase can be divided from bottom to top, and further divided into 2 tertiary sequence, 3 quaternary sequence and 10 quasi-sequence (figure 1).
(2) Research on macroscopic heterogeneity of shale reservoir with isochronal stratigraphic contrast grillwork
Research proves that sea level elevation, ancient productivity, source supply rate and ancient landform are control factors of longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity of rock facies, stratum thickness and electrical characteristics of shale reservoirs, and from the aspect of the rock facies and the electrical characteristics, a sea invasion period and an early high-potential area are main periods of development of high-quality shale reservoirs, the thickness distribution on the level is stable and is influenced by the sea level elevation, the source supply rate and the ancient landform, and the stratum thickness in the high-potential area period is reduced in the south (figure 2).
(3) Research on microscopic heterogeneity of shale reservoir with isochronal stratigraphic contrast grillwork
The physical properties of the shale reservoir are controlled by the TOC and clay mineral content of the shale reservoir, the longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity of the gas content of the shale reservoir is controlled by the TOC, and the high-quality gas-containing shale mainly develops in the early stage of the sea invasion and the high-level area (figure 3).
(4) Small layer partitioning and comparison
In a high-frequency sequence isochronous stratum framework, according to the characteristic of heterogeneity of a shale reservoir, a pentapeak-Longmaxi gas-bearing shale section is longitudinally divided into three subsections and 9 small layers, lithology, thickness, localization and reservoir conditions of the first to fifth small layers on a plane are stably distributed, lithology, thickness, localization, reservoir and gas-bearing characteristics of the sixth to ninth small layers on the plane are changed to a certain extent, and the integral part of the framework is worsened towards the south.
According to the analysis, the small layers from the first to the fifth layer are the main development layer section of the Wufeng-Longmaxi group gas-bearing shale section of the coke dam block. The current development practice proves that the shale gas well has high yield and can achieve continuous and stable production.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A shale heterogeneity partitioning and comparing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) high frequency sequence partitioning and comparison
According to the regional geological condition, carrying out high-frequency sequence partitioning and comparison work in a shale gas development area through characteristics including petromineralogy, archaea, authigenic minerals and electrical property, and establishing an isochronal stratum comparison framework for vertical heterogeneity partitioning of a shale reservoir;
2) study of macroscopic heterogeneity in isochronal stratigraphic contrast grids
Taking sea level elevation, ancient productivity, material source supply rate and ancient landform as influence factors of longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity of rock phases, stratum thickness and electrical characteristics of the shale reservoir, and analyzing and determining longitudinal and transverse change characteristics of macroscopic heterogeneity of different high-frequency stratum sections of the shale reservoir in an isochronal stratum contrast grillage;
the longitudinal and transverse variation characteristics of the macroscopic heterogeneity in the step 2) comprise lithofacies, geology and reservoir characteristics of shale;
3) study of microscopic heterogeneity in isochronous stratigraphic contrast grids
Combining shale gas reservoir mechanism research and later development research requirements, carrying out shale reservoir micro-heterogeneity characteristic research in an isochronal stratum framework through TOC and clay mineral content of a shale reservoir, and determining longitudinal and transverse variation characteristics of the shale reservoir micro-heterogeneity of different high-frequency stratum sections; the shale reservoir microscopic heterogeneity characteristics comprise shale reservoir pore structure characteristics, physical properties characteristics and gas containing characteristics; the method comprises the following steps of obtaining the TOC of a shale reservoir and the clay mineral content of the shale reservoir, wherein the TOC and the clay mineral content of the shale reservoir are influence factors of physical longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity of the shale reservoir, and the TOC is influence factors of longitudinal and transverse heterogeneity of gas content of the shale reservoir;
4) small layer partitioning and comparison
In the isochronal stratum contrast framework, according to the heterogeneity characteristics of shale reservoirs in the macroscopic and microscopic heterogeneity research results, fine division of small layers and stability of lithology, thickness, geology, reservoir and gas bearing characteristics are carried out, the shale reservoir with high longitudinal and transverse homogeneity is selected as a continuous steady-production type mining selected layer, and geological basis is provided for the technical policies of longitudinal layer selection, planar partitioning and development of later-stage shale gas development.
CN201611268787.5A 2016-12-31 2016-12-31 Shale heterogeneity dividing and comparing method Active CN106703798B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201611268787.5A CN106703798B (en) 2016-12-31 2016-12-31 Shale heterogeneity dividing and comparing method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201611268787.5A CN106703798B (en) 2016-12-31 2016-12-31 Shale heterogeneity dividing and comparing method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106703798A CN106703798A (en) 2017-05-24
CN106703798B true CN106703798B (en) 2020-09-01

Family

ID=58906469

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201611268787.5A Active CN106703798B (en) 2016-12-31 2016-12-31 Shale heterogeneity dividing and comparing method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN106703798B (en)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107942032A (en) * 2017-10-25 2018-04-20 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Fine particle deposition outcrop research method
CN110274859A (en) * 2018-03-14 2019-09-24 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Carbonate reservoir control methods
CN108952676B (en) * 2018-07-10 2022-05-10 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Shale gas reservoir heterogeneity evaluation method and device
CN108956953B (en) * 2018-08-01 2022-06-07 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for dividing lithofacies of interbalted shale bed and verification method
CN109444189B (en) * 2018-11-01 2021-05-11 科吉思石油技术咨询(北京)有限公司 Method for carrying out complex stratum comparison and quantitative evaluation by utilizing digital rock analysis technology
CN110320221B (en) * 2019-07-24 2021-09-28 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 Quantitative determination method for interface void of steel shell and non-homogeneous structure
CN110714745A (en) * 2019-10-17 2020-01-21 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司 Shale gas horizontal well fracturing staged optimization method
CN110821496B (en) * 2019-10-17 2021-06-29 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 Organic shale phase mode establishing method and organic shale evaluation method
CN111379552B (en) * 2020-03-04 2023-06-02 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Sea-phase shale gas horizontal well target window selection method based on high-frequency sequence stratigraphy
US11802989B2 (en) 2020-05-11 2023-10-31 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Systems and methods for generating vertical and lateral heterogeneity indices of reservoirs
CN111948374A (en) * 2020-08-14 2020-11-17 中国地质大学(武汉) Geochemical identification method and system for organic-rich shale layer section in shale
CN112305617B (en) * 2020-11-02 2022-05-17 中国矿业大学(北京) Geophysical recognition method and device for unconventional gas reservoir of coal-containing rock series

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105201490A (en) * 2014-06-05 2015-12-30 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for analyzing rock facies of shale bed section
CN106249300A (en) * 2016-09-05 2016-12-21 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method and device for determining TOC content and heterogeneity of source rock based on well-seismic combination

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7676349B2 (en) * 2004-12-06 2010-03-09 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Co. Integrated anisotropic rock physics model

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105201490A (en) * 2014-06-05 2015-12-30 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for analyzing rock facies of shale bed section
CN106249300A (en) * 2016-09-05 2016-12-21 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method and device for determining TOC content and heterogeneity of source rock based on well-seismic combination

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组页岩;赵圣贤 等;《天然气地球科学》;20160331;第27卷(第3期);第470-487页 *
泌阳凹陷古近系核H段富有机质页岩非均质性及控制因素分析;尚飞;《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 基础科学辑》;20161015;第27-62、107-110页 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106703798A (en) 2017-05-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106703798B (en) Shale heterogeneity dividing and comparing method
Wei et al. Distribution rules, main controlling factors and exploration directions of giant gas fields in the Sichuan Basin
Caineng et al. Formation and distribution of “continuous” gas reservoirs nd their giant gas province: a case from the Upper riassic Xujiahe Formation giant gas province, Sichuan Basin
Yang et al. Tectonic and stratigraphic controls of hydrocarbon systems in the Ordos basin: A multicycle cratonic basin in central China
Jiang et al. Tight sandstone gas accumulation mechanism and development models
Nie et al. Dispositional characteristics of Ordovician Wufeng formation and Silurian Longmaxi formation in Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas
CN109212627B (en) Thin reservoir description and reservoir increasing scale determination method based on subdivision series
CN104389590A (en) Oil-gas migration route tracing method through geology, geophysics and geochemistry methods
Yu et al. Subtle reservoirs and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in terrestrial lacustrine fan-delta deposits: Insights from the Triassic Baikouquan Formation, Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, western China
He et al. Reservoirs patterns and key controlling factors of the Lenghu oil & gas field in the Qaidam Basin, northwestern China
Wang et al. Paleogene geological framework and tectonic evolution of the central anticlinal zone in Lufeng 13 sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin
Zhu et al. Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of deep sandstone in Lufeng sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin
Ouyang et al. CBM sealing system and its relationship with CBM enrichment
Lü et al. Paleozoic carbonate hydrocarbon accumulation zones in Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin, western China
Yang et al. Gas accumulation conditions and key technologies for exploration & development of Sinian and Cambrian gas reservoirs in Anyue gasfield
Yang et al. The caledonian paleokarstification of longwangmiao formation, lower cambrian in the central Sichuan Basin, China
CN107657332A (en) Horse five suitable for Ordovician5Prediction method of gas reservoir dolomite reservoir
Xiuxiang et al. Hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution characteristics of the Silurian in the Tazhong Uplift of Tarim Basin
Fang et al. The influences of sea-level changes on the quality of bank reservoirs of the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area, Sichuan Province, China
Liu et al. Provenance identification and source-to-sink studies from an intrabasinal subaqueous uplift in the Eocene western Bohai Bay Basin, eastern north China
CN110927818A (en) While-drilling identification method for tidal flat phase carbonate rock heterogeneous reservoir
Lan et al. Characteristics and differential accumulation of oil/gas in Lower Paleozoic marine carbonate on northern slope of Tazhong Low Rise, Tarim Basin, NW China: a case study of Lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation
Qi et al. Significant role of structural fractures in Renqiu buried-hill oil field in eastern China
Xinkai et al. Sedimentary characteristics and distinguishing criteria of crevasse splay reservoir in QHD 32-X oilfield, Bohai Bay Basin
Zhang et al. Petroleum geological features and hydrocarbon enrichment of Linhe Depression in Hetao Basin, NW China

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
TA01 Transfer of patent application right
TA01 Transfer of patent application right

Effective date of registration: 20191227

Address after: 100728 Beijing, Chaoyangmen, North Street, No. 22, No.

Applicant after: China Petrochemical Co., Ltd.

Applicant after: Exploration and Development Research Institute of SINOPEC Jianghan Oilfield Branch Company

Address before: 430223, No. 18, Garden Road, East Lake hi tech Zone, Hubei, Wuhan

Applicant before: Exploration and Development Research Institute of SINOPEC Jianghan Oilfield Branch Company

GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant