CN106702226A - Aluminum alloy used for preparing engine cylinder cover and preparation method for aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy used for preparing engine cylinder cover and preparation method for aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN106702226A CN106702226A CN201611188086.0A CN201611188086A CN106702226A CN 106702226 A CN106702226 A CN 106702226A CN 201611188086 A CN201611188086 A CN 201611188086A CN 106702226 A CN106702226 A CN 106702226A
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- Prior art keywords
- aluminium alloy
- cylinder cover
- engine cylinder
- preparing
- engine
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/90—Alloys not otherwise provided for
- F05C2201/903—Aluminium alloy, e.g. AlCuMgPb F34,37
Abstract
The invention relates to aluminum alloy used for preparing an engine cylinder cover and a preparation method for the aluminum alloy and belongs to the field of aluminum alloy. Raw materials are prepared according to percentages of 6.5%-8.5% of silicon, 2%-3% of copper, 0.4%-0.6% of iron, 0.2%-0.3% of magnesium, 0.15%-0.45% of manganese, 0.1%-0.15% of titanium, 0.1%-0.25% of zirconium, 0.01%-0.015% of europium, 0.002%-0.004% of gadolinium, 0.01%-0.015% of neodymium, and the balance aluminum. The raw materials are heated to 820-845 DEG C to be molten, helium preheated for 2-3 min is led into the raw materials in the molten state from the bottom of a container, slag and dross are removed, standing is conducted for 20-30 min, then the raw materials are poured into a mold, a primary-prepared cylinder cover is obtained, quenching treatment is conducted at 490-510 DEG C, and aging treatment is conducted at 160-220 DEG C. The aluminum alloy is good in heat dispersion and corrosion resistance, thus the cylinder cover is not liable to various damage, the gas tightness is good, and the service life of an engine is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of aluminum alloys, and more particularly to a kind of aluminium alloy and its preparation for preparing engine cylinder cover
Method.
Background technology
Cast has proportion small for preparing the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover, and specific strength is high, cast form performance and processing
The series of advantages such as functional, is widely used in the middle of auto parts and components.Major part car starts both at home and abroad at present
Machine gray iron and piston are all produced using the casting of high intensity for preparing the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover.Cast for making
Aluminium alloy the widely using on automobile of standby engine cylinder cover, can effectively mitigate the weight of automobile, improve engine
Fuel efficiency, reduces pollution of the discharge of vehicle exhaust to air.At present, although being capable of base as automobile engine cylinder head material
The requirement that this satisfaction is used, but when engine power is further improved, this kind of casting alloy has been difficult to meet engine
The requirement of the applied at elevated temperature of cylinder cap.
Engine cylinder cover is met cracking resistance, anti-high pressure etc. in the prior art, then can to a certain extent increase cylinder cap
Proportion, so as to the weight for causing automobile overall increases, and the weight of automobile increases, and exhaust emission can be caused to become serious, unfavorable
In environmental protection, or even the relevant regulations of the associated vehicle waste gas discharge of rules and regulations are not reached, while being also unfavorable for the radiating of cylinder cap
Performance, have impact on the decay resistance of engine cylinder cover on the contrary, reduce the air-tightness of engine cylinder cover, easily influence engine
Service life, increases maintenance cost.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover, its good processability, and not
Increase the weight of cylinder cap, be conducive to the radiating of cylinder cap, decay resistance is good, ensure that engine is good in use
Air-tightness etc., reduce the damage of engine and reduce the frequency repaired, lift the service efficiency and extension engine of engine
Service life.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method for preparing the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover, its energy
The enough quick, gas and impurity sufficiently removed in aluminium alloy, the quantity and impurity of the bubble in the aluminium alloy that reduction is prepared
Content, lift intensity, tensile property etc. of aluminium alloy, while not increasing the weight of engine cylinder cover, be conducive to engine
Radiating, so as to enhance the decay resistance of cylinder cap, improves the air-tightness of engine cylinder cover, reduces damage and the drop of engine
The frequency of low repairing, extends the service life of engine.
The present invention is solved its technical problem and is realized using following technical scheme.
A kind of aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover, by weight percentage, including：Silicon 6.5-8.5%, copper 2-
3%, iron 0.4-0.6%, magnesium 0.2-0.3%, manganese 0.15-0.45%, titanium 0.1-0.15%, zirconium 0.1-0.25%, europium 0.01-
0.015%, gadolinium 0.002-0.004%, neodymium 0.01-0.015%, balance of aluminium.
A kind of preparation method for preparing the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover, including weigh in proportion above-mentioned for preparing hair
The raw material of the aluminium alloy of motivation cylinder cap, 820-845 DEG C is warming up to until melting in container by raw material；
The helium for having preheated 2-3min is passed through from the portion of container bottom to the aluminium alloy cast ingot of molten condition, and it is molten to remove reaction
Slag and scum silica frost, are cast in mould after standing 20-30min, are taken out after cooling, obtain just cylinder cap processed, and then first cylinder cap processed is entered
Row Quenching Treatment and Ageing Treatment；The temperature of Quenching Treatment is 490-510 DEG C, and the temperature of Ageing Treatment is 160-220 DEG C.
The beneficial effect of the aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover of the embodiment of the present invention and preparation method thereof is：The use
Element silicon in the aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover can strengthen aluminium alloy on the premise of aluminium alloy proportion is not increased
The mechanical performance such as tensile strength and hardness, while Cu can form αsolidsolution, CuAl in being added to Al-Si alloys2With Si phases.α phases
Two-phase eutectic is constituted with CuAl2 and Si respectively, while these three mutually can collectively form three-phase eutectic again.When copper is used as reinforcing
In the presence of being mutually solid-solution in aluminum substrate or with granular compound, can further significantly improve engine cylinder cover aluminium alloy it is strong
Degree and hardness, therefore the good processability of the aluminium alloy, light specific gravity, are conducive to the radiating of engine, lift the corrosion resistance of cylinder cap
Can, it is ensured that engine has good air-tightness, reduce the damage of engine and reduce the frequency repaired, lift making for engine
With efficiency and the service life of extension engine；The preparation method can quickly, sufficiently remove gas in aluminium alloy and miscellaneous
Matter, makes the content of gas inside the aluminum alloy cylinder cover prepared and impurity less, the weight of engine cylinder cover is not increased
In the case of, intensity, tensile property of aluminium alloy etc. are lifted, while being conducive to the heat dispersion of engine, it is ensured that cylinder cap is good
Decay resistance, further improve engine cylinder cover air-tightness in use etc., reduce the maintenance of engine frequently
Rate, increases the service life.
Specific embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical scheme be clearly and completely described.Unreceipted actual conditions person, builds according to normal condition or manufacturer in embodiment
The condition of view is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, are the conventional product that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
Aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover of the embodiment of the present invention and preparation method thereof is carried out specifically below
It is bright.
A kind of aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover provided in an embodiment of the present invention, it is wrapped by weight percentage
Include：Silicon 6.5-8.5%, copper 2-3%, iron 0.4-0.6%, magnesium 0.2-0.3%, manganese 0.15-0.45%, titanium 0.1-0.15%, zirconium
0.1-0.25%, europium 0.01-0.015%, gadolinium 0.002-0.004%, neodymium 0.01-0.015%, balance of aluminium.
A kind of preparation method for preparing the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover that the present invention is provided, including：Proportionally match somebody with somebody
Standby above-mentioned various raw materials, various raw materials are heated up and are melted in container, are passed through to the raw material of molten condition from the bottom of container
The helium of preheating, and reaction slag and scum silica frost are removed, it is cast in mould after standing, taken out after cooling, just cylinder cap processed is obtained, so
Quenching Treatment and Ageing Treatment are carried out to first cylinder cap processed afterwards.
Specifically, aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover of the invention and preparation method thereof enters according to following steps
OK：
S1 material preparation steps：
Raw material is proportionally equipped with, wherein raw material includes：The silicon of 6.5-8.5%, the copper of 2-3%, the iron of 0.4-0.6%,
The magnesium of 0.2-0.3%, the manganese of 0.15-0.45%, the titanium of 0.1-0.15%, the zirconium of 0.1-0.25%, the europium of 0.01-0.015%,
The gadolinium of 0.002-0.004%, the neodymium of 0.01-0.015%, balance of aluminium.
The Main Function of silicon (Si) element is the mobility of the aluminium alloy for improving engine cylinder cover, additionally, the change of silicon crystal grain
Learn good stability and with stronger hardness.Generally, with engine cylinder cover silicon out of aluminium alloy content increase, energy
Enough improve engine cylinder cover aluminium alloy tensile strength and hardness, make containing element silicon engine cylinder cover aluminium alloy have than
Fine aluminium corrosion-resistant and wearability higher, while the proportion of aluminium alloy will not be increased, i.e., will not reduce the thermal diffusivity of aluminium alloy.But
It is that when the silicon content in the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover is too high, the thermal conductivity to the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover can be produced
Raw adverse effect.The preferred content of element silicon is 6.5-7.5% in the present invention, that is, ensure that the aluminium alloy tool of engine cylinder cover
There are stronger tensile strength, hardness wearability, the good thermal conductance of the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover is in turn ensure that, so that further
The good corrosion resistance of engine cylinder cover is ensure that, the air-tightness of engine cylinder cover is enhanced, extends the service life of engine.
The Main Function of copper (Cu) element is the mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminium alloy for improving engine cylinder cover.Cu
Being added in Al-Si alloys can form αsolidsolution, CuAl2With Si phases.α phases constitute two-phase eutectic with CuAl2 and Si respectively,
These three mutually can collectively form three-phase eutectic again simultaneously.Cause to reduce the heat conduction of aluminium alloy in order to avoid Si constituent contents are too high
Property reduce and reduce the content of certain Si elements, may influence intensity and hardness that aluminium alloy is certain, and Cu elements
Rationally addition can effectively avoid this point, when copper is solid-solution in aluminum substrate as hardening constituent or is existed with granular compound
When, it is remarkably improved the intensity and hardness of the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover, it is to avoid mechanical damage occurs in cylinder cap, and reduces airtight
Property, extend the service life of engine.
The Main Function of iron (Fe) element is to reduce sticking to mould, and Al-Si-Fe systems partial crystallization thing is formed with silicon and aluminium, is contributed to point
Dissipate reinforcing.But if the too high levels of ferro element, then can be to the mechanical performance of the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover and heat conductivility
Have a negative impact.The preferred content of ferro element is 0.4-0.5% in the present invention, that is, ensure that the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover
With intensity, the good mechanical performance of the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover and heat conductivility are in turn ensure that, so as to improve engine cylinder
The heat dispersion of lid, is conducive to the corrosion resistance of cylinder cap, further improves the air-tightness of cylinder cap, reduces the maintenance of engine frequently
Rate, extends the service life of engine.
The Main Function of magnesium (Mg) element is crystal grain thinning, significantly improves alloy strength, hardness, reduces the tendency of sticking to mould,
Make the surface of die casting smooth, it is to avoid cylinder cap occurs the phenomenon damaged in the demoulding.
The Main Function of manganese (Mn) element is intensity, toughness, the anti-stress corrosiveness of the aluminium alloy for improving engine cylinder cover
Can etc., further ensure that engine cylinder cover is difficult to be corroded, the air-tightness of raising.On the other hand, manganese can prevent engine cylinder cover
Aluminium alloy recrystallization process, improve recrystallization temperature, and can significantly refine recrystal grain.The refinement master of recrystal grain
If passing through MnAl6Compound disperses particle has been grown up inhibition to recrystal grain.MnAl6Another effect be to dissolve
Impurity iron, forms (Fe, Mn) Al6, reduce the adverse effect of iron.
The Main Function of titanium (Ti) element and zirconium (Zr) element is crystal grain thinning, improves the modeling of the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover
Property deformability, deformation is uniform when being conducive to processing, makes the excellent performance of the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover, plasticity good, favorably
In casting and subsequent plastic working.
Rare earth (Re) element gadolinium (Gd), neodymium (Nd) and europium (Eu) can change the crystallization condition of alloy, it is organized and property
Can be improved.Rare earth element is more active, and it is fused in aluminium liquid, easily fills up the surface defect of alloy phase, so as to reduce new and old
Surface tension on two-phase interface so that the speed increase of nucleus growth, while forming surface also between crystal grain and aluminium alloy
Active membrane, prevents the crystal grain of generation from growing up, and makes the structure refinement of alloy.Meanwhile, the compound that aluminium and rare earth are formed is in molten metal
As external crystallization nucleus during crystallization, nucleus number can be allowed to roll up so that the structure refinement of alloy.Suction of the rare earth to hydrogen
Attached ability is especially big, can largely adsorb and dissolved hydrogen, and rare earth is higher with the melting point compound of hydrogen, and Dispersed precipitate is in aluminium liquid
In, will not assemble to form bubble with the hydrogen that compound is formed, the hydrogen content and pin hole rate of aluminium are substantially reduced, can also further carry
The heat dispersion of engine cylinder cover is risen, strengthens the air-tightness of cylinder cap, extend the service life of engine.When the aluminium of engine cylinder cover
Rare earth element is added in alloy, tensile strength, hardness and plasticity of the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover etc. can also be effectively improved.
When the content of rare earth (Re) element is higher, may result in obtained aluminium alloy and become fragile, be unfavorable for using, so of the invention
In, it is preferred that the content of gadolinium is 0.002-0.003%, and the content of europium is 0.01-0.012%, and the content of neodymium is 0.01-
0.012%.
Generally for the rigidity for increasing aluminium alloy, it is necessary to Fe ratios therein are properly increased, but due to the proportion of Fe
It is larger, and after increase Fe, the ductility and heat conductivility of aluminium alloy can be deteriorated, and are unfavorable for being machined and are being made engine
Cooling after cylinder cap.On this basis, inventor has found the ratio by improving Cu elements and Mn elements, and by Cu,
The ratio of Mn and Fe elements is adjusted to substantially 60：9：10 scope, can both improve rigidity, while will not reduce its extension again
Property, and its heat transfer efficiency is more or less the same compared with existing cylinder cap aluminium alloy, still with good heat transfer efficiency, cooling
Radiating effect is excellent, strengthens cylinder cap corrosion resistance at high temperature, is favorably improved engine air-tightness, extends engine
Service life.
S2 melts step：
The raw material that will be weighed in proportion is put into container and is warming up to 820-845 DEG C and is melted to molten condition, from the bottom of container
Portion is passed through the helium of preheating 2-3min to the raw material of molten condition, and helium is extremely low due to the small simultaneous reactions activity of its own density
Feature, the partial impurities in melt, slag etc. can be swept along and take to liquid level by it in floating-upward process.Now removal reaction slag and
Scum silica frost.Said vesse preferably can be smelting furnace.
The time that helium is passed through molten condition raw material is 3-5min, the helium after preheating and the raw material under molten condition
The temperature difference it is relatively small so that the distribution in helium raw material in the molten state is more uniform, and be more prone to melting
Grown up in raw material, and form the distribution of disperse, increase the refining bubble contact area actual with metal bath, being conducive to will be molten
Gas in body is taken out of, plays significant degassing effect, and outgassing rate is high, it is possible to reduce the usage amount of helium, reduction is produced into
This.The tiny stomata and pin hole during aluminium alloy melt can reduce obtained aluminium alloy is passed through by using the helium of preheating,
The rigidity and the mechanical performance such as wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant of aluminium alloy are improved, is conducive to extending the service life of engine cylinder cover.
More preferably, when raw material is delivered, aluminium is added into smelting furnace first, is warming up to 820 DEG C, gradually heated up thereafter, heated up
Speed is 10 DEG C/min, until temperature reaches 845 DEG C, sequentially adds zirconium, titanium, iron, silicon, gadolinium and manganese, treats that above-mentioned element is all molten
Copper, neodymium, europium and magnesium are added after change；First dystectic element is placed in smelting furnace and is melted, then fusing point is relatively low
Element is placed in fusing in smelting furnace, when the relatively low metal instantaneous touch of the fusing point melt higher than itself fusing point, own temperature
Drastically raise, its rapid melting simultaneously disperses rapidly in the melt, and due to the mobility of element for having melted, addition after promotion
Low melting point element quickly and uniformly disperse in the middle of the melt of mixing, the generation of bubble can be reduced, during, with helium
The bubbling effect of gas, the impurity such as scum silica frost and residue with complete liquid level and is removed, and further reduces the material during following process
Defect, and further help to the more consolidation of combination between the various crystal grain in aluminium alloy, reduces and go out in aluminium alloy
The phenomenon of existing tiny pin hole, further in the case where the proportion of aluminium alloy is relatively light, it is ensured that obtained aluminium alloy has good
Rigidity and ductility, while also as less proportion has the performance of good radiating and cooling.
S3 casting steps：
It is cast in mould after raw material under melting state after removal of impurities is stood into 20-30min, is taken out after cooling, is obtained
First cylinder cap processed, then carries out Quenching Treatment and Ageing Treatment to first cylinder cap processed.
Being cast again after the raw material of the melting state after removal of impurities is stood can further promote tiny helium bubble more
Scattered is distributed in the melt of aluminium alloy, and continues to inhale hydrogen floating, constantly grows up, and until overflowing liquid level, i.e., further reduces
Hydrogen content in aluminium alloy, reduces the stomata in aluminium alloy, improves wear-resisting, the decay resistance of aluminium alloy, and then lifting is started
The air-tightness of machine cylinder cap；But the time for standing is unsuitable long, because if the overlong time for standing can then cause molten state
The surface of aluminium alloy is oxidized and becomes impurity, and these impurity can slowly adsorb the hydrogen in air, increased aluminium again on the contrary
Hydrogen content in alloy, is unfavorable for the reduction of bubble in aluminium alloy.
Above-mentioned Quenching Treatment is carried out according to following step, first, first cylinder cap processed is placed in into 490-510 DEG C, is incubated 8-
10h, can make the temperature uniformity inside just cylinder cap processed, make the second mutually fully solid solution, crystal distribution in the second phase of enhancing
Uniformity, so as to improve the mechanical corrosive nature of aluminium alloy.Then carry out for the first time cooling operation, will just cylinder cap processed in 2-
5min temperature is down to 200-250 DEG C；Carry out second cooling operation again afterwards, the cooling rate of second cooling operation is 8-12
℃/min.Quenching Treatment can efficiently reduce the internal stress of martensite transfor mation, reduce the tendency of workpiece strain cracking, increase aluminium
The hardness of alloy cylinder cap, lifts the wearability of aluminium alloy, so as to strengthen the air-tightness of engine, increases the service life.Drop simultaneously
The speed selection lowered the temperature during temperature cooling is reasonable, and too fast or excessively slow cooling rate may all cause obtained just cylinder processed
The inside of lid due to expand with heat and contract with cold it is uneven cause internal stress, obtained cylinder cap is deformed or is ftractureed on the contrary.
Quenching Treatment complete after can at 160-220 DEG C Ageing Treatment 10-18h, through the aluminium alloy of Wetted constructures
Internal stress in cylinder cap decreases, and hardness and intensity increased, you can to increase the wear-resisting and corrosion resistant property of cylinder cap
Can, improve the air-tightness of engine.
Aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover of the invention and preparation method thereof is made into one with reference to embodiments
The detailed description of step.
Embodiment 1
Raw material is proportionally weighed, wherein：6.5% silicon, 2% copper, 0.4% iron, 0.2% magnesium, 0.15%
Manganese, 0.15% titanium, 0.25% zirconium, 0.015% europium, 0.004% gadolinium, 0.015% neodymium, balance of aluminium.
Raw material is fitted into container and is warming up at 820 DEG C until fusing, logical to the raw material of molten condition from the bottom of container
Enter to have preheated the helium of 2min, the time that helium is passed through is 5min, and after except dereaction slag and scum silica frost, by molten condition
Raw material stands 20min, then is cast in mould, is taken out after cooling, obtains just cylinder cap processed；Then Quenching Treatment is carried out, at 490 DEG C
After lower insulation 10h, cooling operation for the first time is carried out, the temperature of first cylinder cap processed is down to 200 DEG C by 2min, afterwards with 8 DEG C/min
Cooling rate carry out second cooling；The last Ageing Treatment 18h at 160 DEG C, you can engine cylinder cover is obtained.
Embodiment 2
Raw material is proportionally weighed, wherein：8.5% silicon, 3% copper, 0.6% iron, 0.3% magnesium, 0.45%
Manganese, 0.1% titanium, 0.1% zirconium, 0.01% europium, 0.002% gadolinium, 0.01% neodymium, balance of aluminium.
First aluminium is put into 820 DEG C are warming up in smelting furnace, heated up with the programming rate of 10 DEG C/min, until temperature
Reach 845 DEG C, sequentially add zirconium, titanium, iron, silicon, gadolinium and manganese, treat above-mentioned element all add after fusing copper, neodymium, europium and
Magnesium, the helium for having preheated 3min is passed through from the bottom of smelting furnace to the raw material of molten condition, and the time that helium is passed through is 3min, and
After except dereaction slag and scum silica frost, the raw material of molten condition is stood into 30min, then be cast in mould, taken out after cooling, obtained
To first cylinder cap processed；Then Quenching Treatment is carried out, after being incubated 8h at 510 DEG C, cooling operation for the first time is carried out, 5min will first cylinder processed
The temperature of lid is down to 250 DEG C, is carrying out second cooling with the cooling rate of 12 DEG C/min afterwards；The last timeliness at 220 DEG C
Treatment 10h, you can engine cylinder cover is obtained.
Embodiment 3
Raw material is proportionally weighed, wherein：7.5% silicon, 2.5% copper, 0.5% iron, 0.25% magnesium, 0.25%
Manganese, 0.12% titanium, 0.2% zirconium, 0.012% europium, 0.003% gadolinium, 0.012% neodymium, balance of aluminium.
Raw material is fitted into container and is warming up at 830 DEG C until fusing, logical to the raw material of molten condition from the bottom of container
Enter to have preheated the helium of 2.5min, the time that helium is passed through is 4min, and after except dereaction slag and scum silica frost, by molten condition
Raw material stand 25min, then be cast in mould, taken out after cooling, obtain just cylinder cap processed；Then Quenching Treatment is carried out, 500
After being incubated 9h at DEG C, carry out cooling operation for the first time, the temperature of first cylinder cap processed is down to 230 DEG C by 3min, afterwards with 10 DEG C/
The cooling rate of min carries out second cooling；The last Ageing Treatment 14h at 180 DEG C, you can engine cylinder cover is obtained.
Embodiment 4
Raw material is proportionally weighed, wherein：7% silicon, 2.4% copper, 0.45% iron, 0.24% magnesium, 0.3%
Manganese, 0.13% titanium, 0.18% zirconium, 0.013% europium, 0.003% gadolinium, 0.014% neodymium, balance of aluminium.
Raw material is fitted into container and is warming up at 845 DEG C until fusing, logical to the raw material of molten condition from the bottom of container
Enter to have preheated the helium of 3min, the time that helium is passed through is 3.5min, and after except dereaction slag and scum silica frost, by molten condition
Raw material stand 26min, then be cast in mould, taken out after cooling, obtain just cylinder cap processed；Then Quenching Treatment is carried out, 500
After being incubated 8.5h at DEG C, carry out cooling operation for the first time, the temperature of first cylinder cap processed is down to 240 DEG C by 3min, afterwards with 11 DEG C/
The cooling rate of min carries out second cooling；The last Ageing Treatment 16h at 210 DEG C, you can engine cylinder cover is obtained.
Embodiment 5
Raw material is proportionally weighed, wherein：7.2% silicon, 2.6% copper, 0.45% iron, 0.22% magnesium,
0.28% manganese, 0.11% titanium, 0.16% zirconium, 0.012% europium, 0.002% gadolinium, 0.013% neodymium is balance of
Aluminium.
Raw material is fitted into container and is warming up at 836 DEG C until fusing, logical to the raw material of molten condition from the bottom of container
Enter to have preheated the helium of 2min, the time that helium is passed through is 5min, and after except dereaction slag and scum silica frost, by molten condition
Raw material stands 24min, then is cast in mould, is taken out after cooling, obtains just cylinder cap processed；Then Quenching Treatment is carried out, at 505 DEG C
After lower insulation 9.5h, cooling operation for the first time is carried out, the temperature of first cylinder cap processed is down to 210 DEG C by 4min, afterwards with 9 DEG C/min
Cooling rate carry out second cooling；The last Ageing Treatment 15h at 180 DEG C, you can engine cylinder cover is obtained.
Embodiment 6
Raw material is proportionally weighed, wherein：7.2% silicon, 3% copper, 0.5% iron, 0.22% magnesium, 0.45%
Manganese, 0.11% titanium, 0.16% zirconium, 0.012% europium, 0.002% gadolinium, 0.013% neodymium, balance of aluminium.
First aluminium is put into 820 DEG C are warming up in smelting furnace, heated up with the programming rate of 10 DEG C/min, until temperature
Reach 845 DEG C, sequentially add zirconium, titanium, iron, silicon, gadolinium and manganese, treat above-mentioned element all add after fusing copper, neodymium, europium and
Magnesium, the helium for having preheated 2min is passed through from the bottom of smelting furnace to the raw material of molten condition, and the time that helium is passed through is 5min, and
After except dereaction slag and scum silica frost, the raw material of molten condition is stood into 24min, then be cast in mould, taken out after cooling, obtained
To first cylinder cap processed；Then Quenching Treatment is carried out, after being incubated 9.5h at 505 DEG C, cooling operation for the first time is carried out, 4min will just makes
The temperature of cylinder cap is down to 210 DEG C, is carrying out second cooling with the cooling rate of 9 DEG C/min afterwards；The last timeliness at 180 DEG C
Treatment 15h, you can engine cylinder cover is obtained.
Comparing embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4, embodiment 5, embodiment 6 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2
With the thermal conductivity factor and tensile strength of comparative example 3.Comparative example 1, comparative example 2 are similar with embodiment 1, and difference is to contrast
Without addition rare earth elements europium, gadolinium and neodymium in the raw material of example 1,0.01% europium is only with the addition of in comparative example 2；Comparative example 3 and reality
Apply example 1 to be similar to, difference is that the helium being passed through in comparative example 3 is not preheated, and is not stood after removal of impurities, direct pouring, together
When quenching technical in do not take yet twice cooling operation, only lowered the temperature once.According to《GB/T228-2015》Part I
《Room temperature test method》And Part II《Hot test method》Test the mechanical property of above-mentioned 9 group aluminum alloy；According to ASTM E
Method of testing specified in 1461-07, analyzes the thermal conductivity factor of above-mentioned 9 group aluminum alloy.The results are shown in Table 1.
The tensile strength and thermal conductivity factor of table 1 each aluminum alloy cylinder cover
It can be seen from result according to table 1, the aluminum alloy cylinder cover of 6 groups of embodiments of the invention is anti-in room temperature tensile ability and high temperature
Drawing ability aspect is better than comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, illustrates that aluminum alloy cylinder cover of the invention has good resisting
Split, the mechanical performance such as anti-high pressure, ductility；The thermal conductivity factor of the aluminum alloy cylinder cover of 6 groups of embodiments of the invention is all higher than simultaneously
The thermal conductivity factor of comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, illustrates three kinds of rare earth units that aluminum alloy cylinder cover of the invention is added simultaneously
Have beneficial to heat radiation, the helium after preheating is passed through before casting, is stood, and taken lower the temperature twice and can also enter in quenching
The thermal diffusivity of lifting aluminium alloy while the mechanical strengths such as the hardness and ductility of one step lifting aluminium alloy, it may be said that the bright present invention
Aluminum alloy cylinder cover there is more preferable corrosion resistant performance, i.e., can lift the air-tightness of engine cylinder cover, extension engine
Service life.
In sum, aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover of the embodiment of the present invention and preparation method thereof, this is used for
Good processability, the light specific gravity of the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover are prepared, is conducive to the radiating of engine, lift the corrosion-resistant of cylinder cap
Performance, it is ensured that engine has good air-tightness, reduces the damage of engine and reduces the frequency repaired, lifting engine
The service life of service efficiency and extension engine；The preparation method can quickly, sufficiently remove gas in aluminium alloy and
Impurity, makes the content of gas inside the aluminum alloy cylinder cover prepared and impurity less, does not increase the weight of engine cylinder cover is made
Plus in the case of, intensity, tensile property of aluminium alloy etc. are lifted, while being conducive to the heat dispersion of engine, it is ensured that cylinder cap is good
Good decay resistance, further improves engine cylinder cover air-tightness in use etc., reduces the maintenance of engine
Frequency, increases the service life.
Embodiments described above is a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Reality of the invention
The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the scope of claimed invention, but is merely representative of selected implementation of the invention
Example.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, what those of ordinary skill in the art were obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Every other embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover, it is characterised in that by weight percentage, including：Silicon 6.5-
8.5%, copper 2-3%, iron 0.4-0.6%, magnesium 0.2-0.3%, manganese 0.15-0.45%, titanium 0.1-0.15%, zirconium 0.1-
0.25%, europium 0.01-0.015%, gadolinium 0.002-0.004%, neodymium 0.01-0.015%, balance of aluminium.
2. the aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the aluminium alloy is by weight
Amount percentages, including the gadolinium 0.002-0.003%.
3. the aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the aluminium alloy is by weight
Amount percentages, including the iron 0.4-0.5%.
4. the aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the aluminium alloy is by weight
Amount percentages, including the europium 0.01-0.012%.
5. the aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the aluminium alloy is by weight
Amount percentages, including the neodymium 0.01-0.012%.
6. the aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the aluminium alloy is by weight
Amount percentages, including the silicon 6.5-7.5%.
7. the preparation method of a kind of aluminium alloy for preparing engine cylinder cover as described in claim any one of 1-6, it is special
Levy and be, including：
Raw material is weighed in proportion, and the raw material is warming up to 820-845 DEG C until melting in container；
The helium for having preheated 2-3min is passed through from the bottom of the container to the raw material of molten condition, and is removed reaction slag and is floated
Slag, is cast in mould after standing 20-30min, is taken out after cooling, obtains just cylinder cap processed, and then the just cylinder cap processed is carried out
Quenching Treatment and Ageing Treatment；The temperature of Quenching Treatment is 490-510 DEG C, and the temperature of Ageing Treatment is 160-220 DEG C.
8. the preparation method for preparing the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover according to claim 7, it is characterised in that timeliness
The time for the treatment of is 10-18h.
9. the preparation method for preparing the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described
Quenching Treatment includes cooling operation for the first time and second cooling operation successively, and the first time cooling operation is by the just system
Cylinder cap is cooled to 200-250 DEG C, and temperature fall time is 2-5min；The cooling rate of the second cooling operation for 8-12 DEG C/
min。
10. the preparation method for preparing the aluminium alloy of engine cylinder cover according to claim 9, it is characterised in that institute
State Quenching Treatment and be additionally included in the insulation operation carried out before the first time cooling operation, the holding temperature of the insulation operation is
490-510 DEG C, soaking time is 8-10h.
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Application publication date: 20170524 |