CN106701837A - 一种农业秸秆和剩余污泥混合微贮稳定化预处理方法 - Google Patents

一种农业秸秆和剩余污泥混合微贮稳定化预处理方法 Download PDF

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CN106701837A
CN106701837A CN201611122777.0A CN201611122777A CN106701837A CN 106701837 A CN106701837 A CN 106701837A CN 201611122777 A CN201611122777 A CN 201611122777A CN 106701837 A CN106701837 A CN 106701837A
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excess sludge
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杨旭
马晓建
李洪亮
李楠
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ZHENGZHOU KAISHAN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING Co Ltd
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

本发明涉及一种农业秸秆和剩余污泥混合微贮稳定化预处理方法，选择大宗原料秸秆和污水处理厂剩余污泥作为主要原料。采用水热反应对剩余污泥进行处理后与农业秸秆按照比例混合进行强化微生物厌氧处理（微贮），微贮后的混合物料可用于厌氧消化产沼气，或用于纤维乙醇的生产，或用于乳酸、丁醇等物质的发酵，在有效处理了秸秆和剩余污泥的同时，做到了废弃物稳定化，无害化，减量化和资源化利用，符合未来发展方向。

Description

一种农业秸秆和剩余污泥混合微贮稳定化预处理方法
技术领域
本发明属于生物质能技术领域，具体涉及一种农业秸秆和剩余污泥混合微贮稳定化预处理方法。
背景技术
能源短缺与环境危机已成为人类社会可持续发展的主要障碍，寻找可再生资源和能源，降低对化石能源的依赖，保护生态环境，已成为人类发展的共识。可再生能源中农业秸秆是仅次于煤炭、石油和天然气而居于世界能源消费总量第四位的能源，它不仅储量丰富，而且分布广泛，受地域限制小。因此，农业秸秆的利用受到高度重视。 我国是世界上秸秆资源最为丰富的国家之一，每年可收集的各种农作物秸秆量为 6.87 亿吨。然而，我国对秸秆的利用并不合理，除一部分作为饲料或直接燃烧用于农户炊事外，其余大多被丢弃在田间或就地焚烧，不仅造成资源的浪费，还对大气环境造成严重污染。因此，如果能将秸秆有效处理并进行资源或能源化利用，则不仅能有效地避免焚烧造成的环境污染，还能缓解目前能源短缺的问题。
随着我国经济发展和城市化进程加快，城市生活污水和工业污水排放快速增加。污水经过生物处理后，其体积的0.5%~1%将转化为固态凝聚体沉降下来，形成剩余污泥。城市污水处理的剩余污泥已经成为严重的环境问题。随着能源和资源危机的到来，污泥所含有机质和营养物质正是现代社会可持续发展的重要资源，通过合理的技术实现污泥的稳定化、减量化、无害化和资源化才是最合理的方向。
农作物秸秆和剩余污泥是我国产量巨大的两类固体废弃物。如何进行一定的稳定化预处理作为废弃物减量化和资源化处理的有效方法之一，已成为研究的热点。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种农业秸秆和剩余污泥混合微贮稳定化预处理方法，该方法根据当地农作物种植情况，选择大宗农业废弃物稻草、玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆等作为主要原料，原料无需烘干和粉碎，切成小段即可。本发明的技术方案是将水热处理后的剩余污泥和农业秸秆按照一定比例混合后接入青贮用微生物菌剂进行厌氧稳定化处理，预处理之后的混合物料可用于厌氧消化产沼气，或用于纤维乙醇的生产，或用于乳酸、丁醇等物质的发酵。
所述水热处理过程为将剩余污泥在高温高压条件下进行水解稳定化处理，解决污泥的流动性、卫生性问题，改善其脱水性，提高其可消化利用率。
所述秸秆和剩余污泥混合比例6:1~10:1（按照绝干重量计算）。
所述微生物菌剂为加入青贮用微生物菌剂对秸秆在厌氧条件下进行处理；
为达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
1）将来自污水处理厂的剩余污泥（固形物为18~20%）稀释至8~10%后，加入到水热处理反应器中，升温到130~180度水热反应30~60分钟；
2）农业秸秆原料（切成2~5cm片段）和水解污泥按照比例（按照绝干重量计算比例6:1~10:1）混合均匀后加入厌氧反应容器中，接入青贮用微生物菌剂，在厌氧条件下贮藏20~40天；接入青贮用微生物菌剂为粪链球菌，凝结芽孢杆菌和戊糖乳杆菌的混合制剂，活菌数比例为粪链球菌：凝结芽孢杆菌：戊糖乳杆菌=1:1:1。添加量为105个微生物/克原料；
3）预处理之后的混合物料可用于厌氧消化产沼气，或用于纤维乙醇的生产，或用于乳酸、丁醇等物质的发酵。
具体实施方式
以下以玉米秸秆和污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料进行微贮稳定化预处理为例对本发明方法作进一步详细说明，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
实施例一
1）称取粉碎至长度20mm的玉米秸秆1kg，加入水热处理后的污泥1000g（固形物10%），接入微生物菌剂后厌氧处理28d；
2）厌氧处理后的物料加入沼气发酵罐进行厌氧消化，控制发酵温度在45℃，搅拌速率控制在150，发酵30d后1kg绝干物料平均产沼气量为0.455m3。
实施例二
1）称取粉碎至长度20mm的玉米秸秆1kg，加入水热处理后的污泥1000g（固形物10%），接入微生物菌剂后厌氧处理28d；
2）厌氧处理后的物料加入发酵罐进行同步糖化发酵酒精（固形物10%，发酵微生物为安琪酒精酵母），控制发酵温度在37℃，搅拌速率控制在150rpm，发酵72后发酵液中最高酒精浓度达到45g/L。
实施例三
1）称取粉碎至长度20mm的玉米秸秆1kg，加入水热处理后的污泥1000g（固形物10%），接入微生物菌剂后厌氧处理28d；
2）厌氧处理后的物料加入发酵罐进行同步糖化发酵乳酸（固形物15%，发酵微生物为乳酸菌），控制发酵温度在50℃，搅拌速率控制在150rpm，发酵7d后发酵液中最高乳酸浓度达到78g/L。

Claims (3)

1.一种农业秸秆和剩余污泥混合微贮稳定化预处理方法，其特征在于其生产工艺为：
1）将来自污水处理厂的剩余污泥（固形物为18~20%）用水稀释至8~10%后，加入到水热处理反应器中，升温到130~180度水热反应30~60分钟；
2）农业秸秆原料（切成2~5cm片段）和水解污泥按照比例（按照绝干重量计算比例6:1~10:1）混合均匀后加入厌氧反应容器中，接入青贮用微生物菌剂，在厌氧条件下贮藏20~40天；
3）预处理之后的混合物料可用于厌氧消化产沼气，或用于纤维乙醇的生产，或用于乳酸、丁醇等物质的发酵。
2.一种农业秸秆和剩余污泥混合微贮稳定化预处理方法，其特征在于其生产工艺为：
1）将来自污水处理厂的剩余污泥（固形物为18~20%）用污水（固形物为1~2%）稀释至8~10%后，加入到水热处理反应器中，升温到130~180度水热反应30~60分钟；
2）农业秸秆原料（切成2~5cm片段）和水解污泥按照比例（按照绝干重量计算比例6:1~10:1）混合均匀后加入厌氧反应容器中，接入青贮用微生物菌剂，在厌氧条件下贮藏20~40天；
3）预处理之后的混合物料可用于厌氧消化产沼气，或用于纤维乙醇的生产，或用于乳酸、丁醇等物质的发酵。
3.如权利要求1和2所述一种农业秸秆和剩余污泥混合微贮稳定化预处理方法，其特征在于，接入青贮用微生物菌剂为粪链球菌，凝结芽孢杆菌和戊糖乳杆菌的混合制剂，活菌数比例为粪链球菌：凝结芽孢杆菌：戊糖乳杆菌=1:1:1，添加量为105个微生物/克原料。
CN201611122777.0A 2016-12-08 2016-12-08 一种农业秸秆和剩余污泥混合微贮稳定化预处理方法 Pending CN106701837A (zh)

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CN114275988A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-05 北京农业职业学院 一种基于植物纤维性农业废弃物的资源化利用方法

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