CN106698565B - Solar energy-heat pump desalination plant - Google Patents

Solar energy-heat pump desalination plant Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106698565B
CN106698565B CN201610540478.2A CN201610540478A CN106698565B CN 106698565 B CN106698565 B CN 106698565B CN 201610540478 A CN201610540478 A CN 201610540478A CN 106698565 B CN106698565 B CN 106698565B
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heat
seawater
heat exchanger
heat pump
air
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CN106698565A (en
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杨昌智
刘倩
胡攀
殷婷
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/10Energy recovery
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124Water desalination
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/211Solar-powered water purification
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention proposes a kind of solar heat pump desalination plant, which is mainly made of photovoltaic battery panel, heat pump system, sea water evaporating installation, heat exchanger, fresh-water tank, water pump, wind turbine and pipe-line system.The heat pump system includes:Condenser, evaporator, compressor, expansion valve.The present invention couples preparing fresh using solar heat pump, driving force is provided by photovoltaic generation, ocean temperature is directly or indirectly improved by solar energy and heat pump system, so as to improve the dew-point temperature of air after evaporation of seawater, seawater after heating enters sea water evaporating installation and carries out hot and humid area with air, evaporation of seawater makes unsaturated air become the saturated moist air of high temperature, and the saturated moist air of high temperature is in condensing heat exchanger(a)It is middle once to be condensed by ambient seawater, time condensation is carried out in evaporator, the fresh water condensed flow to fresh-water tank by condensate pipe.

Description

Solar energy-heat pump desalination plant
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of desalination plants of solar energy-heat pump coupling, lack suitable for fresh water, seawater enriches Area.
Background technology
At present, the population lives in the whole world about 1/3 are in the countries and regions of water shortage.By 2025, this number will 2/3 can be increased to.Therefore, solve the problems, such as that water supply will become the matter of utmost importance of national governments.There is scholar to point out:Now Oil is striven, strives water in the future.
It is to carry out sea water desalination to solve the problems, such as one of shortage of fresh water, most important approach, because earth surface 70% is all covered by seawater, and seawater resources enrich.However, traditional desalination technology needs to consume the wide variety of conventional energy, add The acute consumption of resource simultaneously brings environmental pollution.And solar energy is that a kind of distribution is wide, the regenerative resource more than reserves, by solar energy Technology and desalination technology are combined one of most effective measure that freshwater resources crisis will be also solved as 21 century.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of solar energy-heat pump desalination plants, can comprehensively utilize photovoltaic and photothermal, realize zero energy Consumption desalinizes seawater.
Technical scheme is as follows:Solar energy-heat pump desalination plant, containing photovoltaic battery panel, heat pump system, Sea water evaporating installation, heat exchanger, fresh-water tank, water pump, wind turbine and pipe-line system.The heat pump system includes:Condenser, evaporation Device, compressor, expansion valve.Photovoltaic battery panel is powered by photovoltaic controller to water pump, compressor, wind turbine, solenoid valve.
The present invention improves seawater using solar energy-heat pump coupling seawater preparing fresh by solar energy and heat pump system Temperature so as to improve the dew-point temperature of air after evaporation of seawater, is condensed, preparing fresh using ambient seawater.Wherein, environment Seawater can be by the condensation heat of absorption condensation heat exchanger (a) high temperature saturated moist air, the heat of photovoltaic battery panel, condenser The condensation heat of the gaseous refrigerant of high temperature and pressure promotes own temperature.
After ambient seawater enters condensing heat exchanger (a) absorption condensation heat by seawater inlet, directly or indirectly two can be passed through Kind mode absorbs the heat of photovoltaic battery panel and condenser.During using direct absorption, condensing heat exchanger (a) seawater side outlet leads to Desalination sea water passage and photovoltaic battery panel are crossed, condenser, sea water evaporating installation connection, seawater is in remaining two parts heat of absorption After be directly entered sea water evaporating installation;Using indirectly it is absorption when, add heat exchanger (b), heat exchanger (b) passes through heat transfer medium stream It threads a pipe and photovoltaic battery panel, condenser connection, condensing heat exchanger (a) seawater side outlet passes through desalination sea water passage and heat exchange Device (b), sea water evaporating installation connection.The seawater of condensing heat exchanger (a) outlet exchanges heat in heat exchanger (b) with heat transfer medium to be absorbed Enter sea water evaporating installation after heat.The heat of photovoltaic panel and heat pump condenser passes through heat exchanger(b)Pass to the sea desalinated Water.
Surrounding air enters from the air intake of sea water evaporating installation, and carry out hot and humid area is contacted directly with high temperature seawater, Seawater largely evaporates the saturated moist air that surrounding air is made to become high temperature in sea water evaporating installation.
Sea water evaporating installation is connected by humid air passage with condensing heat exchanger (a) humid air side, evaporator, condensing heat-exchange The condensate pipe of device (a) and evaporator is connected to desalination water tank.The saturated moist air of high temperature is once cold in condensing heat exchanger (a) It is solidifying, time condensation is carried out in evaporator, the fresh water condensed flow to fresh-water tank by condensate pipe.
The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:Utilize the use such as photovoltaic generation driving heat pump compressor, water pump, wind turbine Electric equipment realizes zero energy consumption sea water desalination;It is desalinized seawater while the heat of photovoltaic battery panel is absorbed to photovoltaic cell Plate is cooled down, and not only improves the temperature of seawater, also photovoltaic battery panel is cooled down, and improves the efficiency of photovoltaic generation; Condensing heat exchanger (a) is set between sea water evaporating installation and evaporator, by the ambient seawater of low temperature in the condensing heat-exchange The vapor evaporated in sea water evaporating installation is condensed in device (a), natural cooling source is taken full advantage of, significantly improves Sea water desalination ability;Desalination plant of the present invention is consumed without day-to-day operation, zero run cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of solar energy-heat pump-indirect absorption type desalination device.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of solar energy-heat pump-direct absorption desalination plant.
In figure:1- photovoltaic battery panels;2- expansion valves;3- condensers;4- compressors;5- evaporators;6- condensing heat exchangers (a);7- condensate pipes;8- fresh-water tanks;9- seawater inlets;10- solenoid valves;11- sea water evaporating installation air intakes;12- seawater Evaporation equipment;13- water pumps;14- wind turbines;15- photovoltaic controllers;16- accumulators;17- heat exchangers (b);A- GM Refrigerator Working pipes Road;B- photovoltaic controller control loops;C- humid air flow pipes;D- desalination sea water passages;E- heat transfer medium flow pipes.
Specific embodiment
The principle of the present invention, structure and concrete mode are described further below in conjunction with attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of solar energy-heat pump-indirect absorption type desalination device.The device mainly includes light Lie prostrate solar panel 1, water pump 13, condensing heat exchanger (a) 6, heat exchanger (b) 17, sea water evaporating installation 12, desalination water tank 8 and heat pump system System;The heat pump system includes expansion valve 2, condenser 3, compressor 4 and evaporator 5.
The solar energy for being irradiated to photovoltaic battery panel is converted into 2 portion of energy, and a part is led to based on photovoltaic effect It crosses photovoltaic battery panel and solar radiant energy is converted into electric energy output;Rest part is the heat generated by solar radiant energy, A heat part for generation is absorbed by photovoltaic battery panel, and a part is dispersed by convection current and radiation in ambient enviroment.Due to The rise of photovoltaic cell plate temperature, the generating efficiency of photovoltaic battery panel can decrease, so the present invention passes through heat transfer medium Photovoltaic battery panel is cooled down.As shown in Fig. 1, part photovoltaic is taken away in heat transfer medium flow photovoltaic battery panel back fluid passageway The heat that solar panel absorbs, temperature rise.
The course of work of heat pump system is:The liquid refrigerant of low-temp low-pressure absorbs heat in evaporator and is gasificated into low first Temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, then gaseous refrigerant be compressed into the gaseous refrigerant of high temperature and pressure within the compressor, the high temperature is high Body of calming the anger condenses heat release into the liquid refrigerant of high temperature and pressure within the condenser, then the throttling of expanded valve is as the liquid of low-temp low-pressure State refrigerant so completes a Xun Huan.As shown in Fig. 1:The heat transfer medium stream flowed out from photovoltaic battery panel back fluid passageway The condensation heat for crossing the gas refrigerant releasing that condenser absorbs high temperature and pressure is further heated up, and becomes high temperature heat transfer Jie Matter.
Seawater enters condensing heat exchanger by seawater inlet 9(a)In exchange heat with high temperature saturated moist air, once risen Temperature.Enter after once heating up in heat exchanger (b) and become high temperature seawater with high-temperature heat-transfer medium heat exchange progress secondary temperature elevation.
High temperature seawater carries out hot and humid area with the surrounding air entered from sea water evaporating installation air intake 5.Evaporation of seawater Extra large water and air contacts directly the hot and humid area of generation in equipment, no matter ocean temperature is above or below ambient air temperature, Total energy carries out the evaporation of seawater, and the consumed heat of evaporation is always transmitted to air by seawater;The temperature difference of extra large water and air can be led Cause transmission of heat by contact.When initially being contacted into the seawater of sea water evaporating installation with surrounding air, ocean temperature is higher than surrounding air temperature The heat of degree, evaporative heat loss and transmission of heat by contact is all transmitted to air by water, declines ocean temperature;It is equal to when ocean temperature drops to During air themperature, transmission of heat by contact heat is zero, and evaporative heat loss is still carrying out;When ocean temperature continues to drop below air themperature When, transmission of heat by contact amount flows to water from air, opposite with the direction of evaporative heat loss;When dropping to a certain temperature at a temperature of seawater, The Evapotranspiration heat that seawater is transmitted to air is equal to the transmission of heat by contact amount that air is transmitted to seawater, and the water temperature of seawater reaches the cooling limit not Decline again.The cooling limit of seawater water temperature is the wet-bulb temperature of local environment air.During this hot and humid area, surrounding air Temperature gradually rises, and relative humidity gradually increases, and becomes relative humidity close to 100% high temperature saturated moist air, dew-point temperature Close to air dry-bulb temperature.
The high temperature saturated moist air of sea water evaporating installation outlet enters condensing heat exchanger(a)In with being flowed via seawater inlet 9 The seawater to make heat exchange entered, is once condensed.Since the dew-point temperature of the high temperature saturated moist air of sea water evaporating installation outlet approaches In its dry-bulb temperature, in condensing heat exchanger(a)In with temperature be less than high temperature saturated moist air dew-point temperature seawater to make heat exchange, high temperature Saturated moist air will occur once to condense, and the fresh water condensed passes through condensing heat exchanger(a)Condensate pipe enter fresh water Case.High temperature saturated moist air temperature and relative humidity after once condensing reduce, and are no longer on saturation state, referred to hereinafter as wet Air.
By condensing heat exchanger(a)The humid air once condensed enters evaporator and carries out time condensation, and humid air is evaporating The fresh water that exothermic condensation obtains in device enters fresh-water tank via the condensate pipe of evaporator.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of solar energy-heat pump-direct absorption desalination plant.Fig. 2 shown devices, condensation The seawater of heat exchanger (a) seawater side outlet is directly set by desalination with sea water passage with photovoltaic battery panel, condenser, evaporation of seawater It is standby to be connected, without exchanging heat into heat exchanger.Ambient seawater enters absorption height in condensing heat exchanger (a) by seawater inlet and has enough to eat and wear It is once heated up with the condensation heat of humid air, then carrying out second into photovoltaic battery panel back fluid passageway heats up, most The condensation heat for absorbing high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant gas into condenser afterwards carries out third time heating.High temperature seawater after heating is direct It is contacted directly into sea water evaporating installation and surrounding air and carries out the saturated moist air that surrounding air is become high temperature by hot and humid area, The saturated moist air of high temperature is condensed in condensing heat exchanger (a) and evaporator, and obtained fresh water is flow to by condensate pipe Fresh-water tank.The course of work is the same as described in device 1.
The prior art that the content not being described in detail in specification is known to the skilled person.

Claims (8)

1. solar energy-heat pump desalination plant, mainly including photovoltaic battery panel(1), heat pump system, condensing heat exchanger a(6)、 Sea water evaporating installation(12), desalination water tank(8), water pump(13)And wind turbine(14);The heat pump system includes expansion valve(2), it is cold Condenser(3), compressor(4)And evaporator(5);It is characterized in that:The present invention couples preparing fresh using solar energy-heat pump, by Photovoltaic generation provides driving force, and ocean temperature is directly or indirectly improved by solar energy and heat pump system, is steamed so as to improve seawater The dew-point temperature of air, is condensed using ambient seawater after hair, preparing fresh;In the present invention, ambient seawater is cold by absorbing Heat, the gaseous state of condenser high temperature high pressure that the condensation heat of solidifying heat exchanger a high temperature saturated moist airs, photovoltaic battery panel absorb The condensation heat of refrigerant this three parts heat promotes own temperature;
It, can be by directly absorbing and absorbing indirectly after ambient seawater enters condensing heat exchanger a absorption condensation heat by seawater inlet Two ways absorbs the heat of photovoltaic panel and heat pump condenser;During using direct absorption, condensing heat exchanger a seawater side outlets lead to Desalination sea water passage and photovoltaic battery panel are crossed, condenser, sea water evaporating installation connection, seawater is in the warm of absorption photovoltaic battery panel Sea water evaporating installation is directly entered after amount and the condensation heat of condenser;Using indirectly it is absorption when, add heat exchanger b, heat exchanger b By heat transfer medium circulation duct and photovoltaic battery panel, condenser connection, condensing heat exchanger a seawater side outlet passes through desalination sea Aquaporin is connected with heat exchanger b, sea water evaporating installation;Heat transfer medium flow photovoltaic battery panel and condenser heat absorption heating, condensation The seawater of heat exchanger a seawater side outlets enters heat exchanger b and heat transfer medium indirect heat exchange in heat exchanger b, absorbs remaining photovoltaic Enter sea water evaporating installation after the heat of solar panel and condenser;
Surrounding air enters from the air intake of sea water evaporating installation, and carry out hot and humid area, seawater are contacted directly with high temperature seawater The saturated moist air that surrounding air is made to become high temperature is largely evaporated in sea water evaporating installation;
Sea water evaporating installation is connected by humid air passage with wet air inlet, the evaporator of condensing heat exchanger a, condensing heat exchanger The condensate pipe of a and evaporator is connected to desalination water tank;
The saturated moist air of high temperature once condenses in condensing heat exchanger a, and time condensation is carried out in evaporator, is condensed Fresh water flow to fresh-water tank by condensate pipe.
2. solar energy-heat pump desalination plant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The sea water evaporating installation The heat-mass exchange equipment contacted directly for solution-air.
3. solar energy-heat pump desalination plant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The condensing heat exchanger a and Heat exchanger is dividing wall type heat exchanger.
4. solar energy-heat pump desalination plant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The photovoltaic battery panel is Monocrystalline silicon battery, polycrystal silicon cell, hull cell, organic battery or other photoelectric conversion devices.
5. solar energy-heat pump desalination plant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is desalinized seawater and is being absorbed Photovoltaic battery panel is cooled down while the heat heating of photovoltaic battery panel, and the heat of sorption type heat pump system condenser is into one Step promotes temperature.
6. solar energy-heat pump desalination plant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In sea water evaporating installation and Condensing heat exchanger a is equipped between evaporator, as a condensing plant, ambient seawater is in the condensing heat exchanger a in sea The vapor of evaporation is condensed in water evaporation apparatus, while ocean temperature raises, and the seawater after heating enters desalination seawater Passage.
7. solar energy-heat pump desalination plant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Sea water evaporating installation exports Being threaded a pipe and a condensing plant by humid air stream, --- condensing heat exchanger a, time condensation equipment --- evaporator is connected.
8. solar energy-heat pump desalination plant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Desalinized seawater flow, sky The heating of throughput, heat pump system(It is cold)Amount can be adjusted as needed.
CN201610540478.2A 2016-07-11 2016-07-11 Solar energy-heat pump desalination plant Active CN106698565B (en)

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CN107416933A (en) * 2017-05-25 2017-12-01 白惠中 Solar energy sea water desalination apparatus and method
CN107089696A (en) * 2017-06-01 2017-08-25 东莞理工学院 A kind of spray evaporation sea water desalinating unit
CN107200372B (en) * 2017-06-22 2020-10-09 陕西科技大学 Seawater desalination system and method
CN107601604A (en) * 2017-09-01 2018-01-19 李渊 A kind of Photospot solar boiling distillated water processing system
CN108751296A (en) * 2018-07-11 2018-11-06 李迪文 Evaporative condenser water purification system and equipment
CN108870522B (en) * 2018-07-11 2020-11-10 集美大学 Household central hot water system of solar heat pump
CN109818105B (en) * 2019-01-21 2024-04-19 宁波大学 Marine power battery pack step thermal management system based on phase change material
CN111777124A (en) * 2020-06-18 2020-10-16 东南大学 Photovoltaic direct-driven seawater evaporation refrigeration desalination system and desalination method
CN111928382B (en) * 2020-07-29 2021-11-12 江苏大学 Multifunctional solar energy comprehensive utilization system
CN112117954A (en) * 2020-07-31 2020-12-22 曾庆福 Wind-solar dual-energy system water-electricity combined supply system
CN112624238A (en) * 2020-10-28 2021-04-09 华中科技大学 Inside and outside coagulation formula solar energy distillation sea water desalination
DE102020006905A1 (en) 2020-11-11 2022-05-12 Helmut Lessing Distillation heat pump (DeWäp) for solar-powered drinking water distillation systems
CN114039541A (en) * 2021-11-10 2022-02-11 上海交通大学 Solar photovoltaic panel cleaning device based on adsorption type air water taking
CN114353448B (en) * 2021-12-09 2023-05-23 国家电投集团江西中业兴达电力实业有限公司 Photoelectric heat pump gasification device based on ash bin
CN114671479A (en) * 2022-04-11 2022-06-28 郑州轻工业大学 Seawater desalination and heating integrated device

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