CN106686572B - SDN-based mobility management method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mobility management method based on an SDN (software defined network), which realizes a backhaul network architecture based on the SDN by using concepts of the SDN and an OpenFlow protocol, dynamically places a mobility anchor point at a position closer to a User Equipment (UE) by adopting the backhaul network architecture based on the SDN, and transfers a part of mobility management tasks from a mobile core network to the backhaul network closer to a mobile User. The invention realizes novel mobility management through the SDN controller and the SDN switch in the backhaul network, so that part of mobility management is not realized by the traditional GTP tunnel protocol any more, the seamless mobility in the LTE network is satisfied, the excessive signaling load and the tunnel overhead between the access network and the core network are reduced, the complexity of the network is reduced, and the data transmission efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cellular mobile communication networks, and relates to the Evolution and mobility management of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Network framework and a Software Defined Network (SDN) based Network. In particular to a mobility management method based on SDN, which is applied to an LTE network.
Background
Mobile communication networks play an increasing role in providing broadband access to the internet and data services, which has driven the evolution of packet-oriented architectures in cellular networks in recent years. One promising architecture in this direction is Long Term Evolution (LTE), which has an all-IP architecture, greatly simplifies the network architecture and supports the integration of LTE with fixed broadband access technologies, compared to previous standards. However, the support of user mobility in the LTE network requires special attention because the IP network does not easily support mobility, and in order to solve the user mobility in the LTE network, a Tunneling method based on a GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) is adopted. (see reference [1]3GPP technical specificities, "3 GPP TS 23.401V8.3.0," 2009.http:// www.3gpp.org /)
GTP-based tunnels may enable end-user mobility between different access points while avoiding re-establishing IP connections after each handover. However, this is at the cost of re-establishing the GTP tunnel between the LTE core network and the corresponding access point (also referred to as evolved node B or eNB). Disadvantages of this approach include: the mobile Core network (EPC) signaling overhead associated with handover, the complexity of the central anchor in the EPC, and the data Packet GTP tunnel overhead for switching. In addition, in order to improve the utilization rate of the frequency spectrum, cellular network operators further narrow the coverage of the cell, which in turn increases the frequency of the handover, especially for users with faster moving speed, the situation becomes worse.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a mobility management method based on an SDN, which is applied to an LTE network, wherein a part of mobility management tasks are handed to a mobile backhaul network to be completed. The invention is based on the fact that: in most cases, most of the path taken by the traffic in the backhaul network will be the same before and after the user terminal is handed over to the new access point. Therefore, the present invention dynamically places the mobility anchor point at a location closer to a User Equipment (UE) by adopting a backhaul network architecture based on the SDN, and transfers a part of the mobility management task from the mobile core network to the backhaul network closer to the mobile User. The mobility management related to the invention is selective, only aiming at the mobility management of part special scenes, and for the mobility management related to the change of the core network, a method for rebuilding a GTP tunnel is still adopted.
In order to implement the method related to the present invention, the following problems need to be solved: first, the SDN controller of the backhaul network should be able to detect the traffic flows of the user terminals and their handover requests. Second, once the SDN controller of the backhaul network detects the handover request, it must identify the appropriate anchor point in the network to reroute the traffic of the user terminal to the correct access point. To address these issues, we propose a control node implementing a backhaul network based on SDN and OpenFlow protocols, which can enable complex traffic flow management. With SDN and OpenFlow protocols, network operators will be able to manage traffic flows in order to identify individual traffic flows and to implement traffic scheduling, management and control of the flows in their networks, which makes GTP protocol no longer needed for some mobility management.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for mobility management based on an SDN, which uses concepts of a Software Defined Network (SDN) and an OpenFlow protocol to implement a backhaul network architecture based on the SDN, dynamically places a mobility anchor point at a location closer to a User Equipment (UE) by using the backhaul network architecture based on the SDN, and transfers a part of mobility management tasks from a mobile core network to the backhaul network closer to a mobile User, involving 3 scenarios in mobility management: initial attach procedure, tracking area update procedure, and UE switching procedure.
Preferably, the Initial Attach (IA) procedure comprises the following steps:
step 1: once the UE has access, it initiates an IA request to the eNB, and the eNB forwards the request to the MME;
step 2: MME obtains user data from Home Subscriber Server (HSS) and authenticates the UE;
and step 3: MME sends a default bearing request to S-GW by forwarding the corresponding eNB MAC address;
and 4, step 4: the S-GW forwards the request to a Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW), and the P-GW allocates a unique IP address and a C-VLAN id to the UE;
and 5: the S-GW forms a unique address of the UE by binding the IP address of the UE and the MAC address of the eNB and forwards the address to the MME;
step 6: the MME sending an IA accept message to the eNB and changing the S-VLAN of the IA accept message to a signaling S-VLAN, upon reaching the first SDN switch in its path, the S-VLAN packet is forwarded to the SDN controller, which updates its MMT and installs flow entries from the source SDN switch to the target SDN switch; further, the SDN controller installs an entry in the SDN switch for sending an IA accept message to the SDN controller, and a signaling S-VLAN of the IA accept message is changed to an S-VLAN;
and 7: finally, an IA accept and acknowledge (ack) message is embedded in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) bearer setup message, and the IA accept message is forwarded to the MME.
Preferably, in step 6 of the initial attachment procedure: the MMT refers to a mobility management table, namely a flow entry defined by the SDN controller and used for controlling forwarding, and is composed of 5 elements including UE IP, eNB MAC, C-VLAN, S-VLAN and S-GW MAC.
Preferably, the Tracking Area Update (TAU) procedure includes the following steps:
step 1: UE initiates TAU request
Step 2: the corresponding eNB changes the S-VLAN id of the request message into a signaling S-VLAN id, the message is firstly sent to an SDN controller, the SDN controller identifies the TAU, clears the item related to the UE in the edge SDN switch, and changes the signaling S-VLAN into the original S-VLAN;
and step 3: the TAU is forwarded to the MME, and the MME sends a bearer updating request to the S-GW;
and 4, step 4: S-GW sends update bearer response to MME;
and 5: the MME sends a TAU accept message to the eNB, which is sent to the eNB along with the UEL2 address, radio bearer setup.
Preferably, in step 1 of the Tracking Area update procedure, the "TAU request" is initiated by the idle UE when detecting that it has entered a new Tracking Area (TA) or when a periodic timer expires; and only TAU due to detection of new TA trigger is sent to SDN controller and other TA updates are sent directly to MME, so SDN controller is not overloaded.
Preferably, in step 2 of the tracking area update procedure, the "signaling S-VLAN id" is a special S-VLAN identifier for identifying packets destined for the SDN controller, packets identified as signaling S-VLAN are forwarded to the SND controller, and normal S-VLAN id messages are not recognized.
Preferably, the UE Handover (HO) procedure includes the following steps:
step 1: the source eNB sends a switching request message to the target eNB, and sends a switching command to the UE after the source eNB receives the switching confirmation message;
step 2: the target eNB initiates a path switching request to the MME by using a signaling S-VLAN id;
and step 3: judging after the SDN controller where the target eNB is located receives the path switching request, and if the source eNB and the target eNB are both in the control range of the source eNB and the target eNB, performing step 4; if the source eNB and the target eNB are not both in the control range, then the step 6 is carried out;
and 4, step 4: sending an end _ marker message of the SDN controller where the source eNB and the target eNB are located to the source eNB, and forwarding the information to the target eNB after the information is processed by the source eNB;
and 5: updating MMT of SDN controllers in which a source eNB and a target eNB are located, sending a path switching message to the target eNB, establishing a new data forwarding path for UE, and turning to the step 13;
step 6: forwarding the path switching request to the MME by the SDN controller where the target eNB is located;
and 7: MME sends a request message for updating user plane data to S-GW;
and 8: the S-GW sends an end _ marker message to the source eNB by using a signaling S-VLAN id;
and step 9: after receiving the end _ marker message, an SDN controller where the source eNB is located forwards the end _ marker message to the source eNB and updates the MMT of the source eNB, and an original data forwarding path is terminated;
step 10: the source eNB forwards the end _ marker message to the target eNB after processing;
step 11: the MME sends a path switching message to the target eNB by using a signaling S-VLAN id;
step 12: after receiving the path switching message, the SDN controller where the target eNB is located updates the MMT of the target eNB, forwards the path switching message to the target eNB, and establishes a new data forwarding path for the UE;
step 13: the target eNB informs the source eNB to release the radio resources.
Preferably, in step 1 of the UE Handover (HO) procedure, a Handover request message sent by the source eNB to the target eNB is sent via an X2 interface and includes the L2 address and C-VLAN id of the UE.
Preferably, in step 2 of the UE Handover (HO) procedure, the "signalling S-VLAN id" is a special S-VLAN identifier identifying the packets destined for the SDN controller, the packets identified as signalling S-VLAN are forwarded to the SND controller, and the normal S-VLAN id messages are not recognized.
Preferably, in step 4 of the UE Handover (HO) procedure, the end _ marker message is a special data packet sent by the SDN controller or the S-GW to the source eNB during Handover without changing the S-GW in the LTE network, and is used to indicate that data transmission on the source eNB side is finished.
The invention provides a novel mobility management method for a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, which utilizes the concepts of a Software Defined Network (SDN) and an OpenFlow protocol to realize a backhaul network architecture based on the SDN so as to complete partial mobility management tasks. The invention realizes novel mobility management through the SDN controller and the SDN switch in the backhaul network, so that part of mobility management is not realized by the traditional GTP tunnel protocol any more, the seamless mobility in the LTE network is satisfied, the excessive signaling load and the tunnel overhead between the access network and the core network are reduced, the complexity of the network is reduced, and the data transmission efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a diagram of an SDN based backhaul network architecture;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a mobility management table structure;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of SDN based UE handover.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical scheme of the invention, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the invention.
The invention discloses a mobility management method based on an SDN (software defined network), which introduces the SDN and OpenFlow into a backhaul network, dynamically places a mobility anchor point at a position closest to UE (user equipment), thereby transferring a part of mobility management tasks from a core network to the backhaul network, wherein a network architecture related to the invention is shown in figure 1.
The backhaul network related to the invention is a 2-layer network realized by a carrier-grade Ethernet technology, which is respectively an access layer and a convergence layer, each access domain network is provided with an SDN controller which can sense network topology and available resources and make decisions on forwarding and routing of different data streams, and the SDN controller controls a bottom SDN switch of the access domain network through an OpenFlow protocol; and identifying different data streams of the access network by using the S-VLAN id and the C-VLAN id, and respectively distinguishing the streams of different controllers and the user stream on each controller. Mobility management entities MME and S-GW of the core network are responsible for mapping between TEID and VLAN pairs (C-VLAN, S-VLAN), so as to map corresponding data packets; when mobility-related signaling needs to be transmitted between the UE and the EPC, a special S-VLAN (S-VLAN) -signaling S-VLAN-is used for identifying a signal sent to the SDN controller, and vice versa; each SDN switch has two pre-installed flow portals: one for forwarding packets destined for the EPC and the other for packets that should be forwarded to the SDN controller (packets labeled "signaling S-VLAN"); meanwhile, in order to track the user location and perform mobility management more conveniently, each SDN controller has a mobility management module, which maintains a mobility management table of all UEs in the access network for which the corresponding SDN controller is responsible, as shown in fig. 2. Each entry of the table consists of 5 elements: the IP address of the UE, the MAC of the corresponding eNB, the C-VLAN id, the S-VLAN id, the MAC address of the corresponding SGW, the IP address of the UE and the C-VLAN id are assigned by the EPC after the initial attachment.
The invention discloses a mobility management method based on an SDN (software defined network), which relates to 3 situations in mobility management: initial attachment, tracking area update and UE switching.
Scenario 1: initial Attach (IA) procedure, comprising the following steps:
step 1: once a UE has access, it initiates an IA request to the belonging eNB, which forwards the request to the MME.
Step 2: the MME acquires user data from the HSS and authenticates the UE.
And step 3: the MME initiates a default bearer request to the S-GW by forwarding the corresponding eNB MAC address,
and 4, step 4: the S-GW forwards the request to the P-GW, which assigns a unique IP address and C-VLAN id to the UE.
And 5: the S-GW composes a UE unique address by binding the UE IP address and eNB MAC address and forwards the address to the MME.
Step 6: the MME sends an IA accept message to the eNB and changes the S-VLAN of the IA accept message to a signaling S-VLAN, which, upon reaching the first SDN switch in its path, is forwarded to the SDN controller, which updates its MMT and installs flow entries from the source SDN switch to the target SDN switch. Further, the SDN controller installs an entry in the SDN switch for sending an IA accept message to the SDN controller, and a signaling S-VLAN of the IA accept message is changed to an S-VLAN.
And 7: finally, an IA accept and acknowledge (ack) message is embedded in the radio resource control bearer setup message and the IA accept message is forwarded to the MME.
Scenario 2: tracking Area Update (TAU) procedure.
The TAU is initiated by an idle UE upon detecting that it has entered a new TA or when a periodic timer expires. In the scheme of the invention, only the TAU triggered by detecting a new Tracking Area (TA) is sent to the SDN controller, and other TA updates are directly sent to the MME, so the SDN controller is not overloaded. Comprises the following steps:
step 1: the UE initiates a TAU request.
Step 2: the corresponding eNB changes the S-VLAN id of the request message to the signalling S-VLAN id, so the update is first sent to the SDN controller, which recognizes the TAU and clears the entry in the edge SDN switch related to the UE, changing the signalling S-VLAN to the original S-VLAN.
And step 3: the TAU is forwarded to the MME, which sends an update bearer request to the S-GW.
And 4, step 4: S-GW sends update bearer response to MME
And 5: the MME sends a TAU accept message to the eNB, which is sent to the eNB along with the UEL2 address, radio bearer setup.
Scenario 3: handover (HO) procedure
The present invention relates to two types of handovers: the handover flow is shown in fig. 3 when the source eNB and the target eNB are both under the control of the same SDN controller, and the controllers of the target eNB and the source eNB are under the control of different SDN controllers. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: and the source eNB sends a switching request message to the target eNB and sends a switching command to the UE after the source eNB receives the switching confirmation message.
Step 2: the target eNB initiates a path switch request to the MME using the signaling S-VLAN id.
And step 3: judging after the SDN controller where the target eNB is located receives the path switching request, and if the source eNB and the target eNB are both in the control range of the source eNB and the target eNB, performing step 4; if the source eNB and the target eNB are not both in their control ranges, go to step 6.
And 4, step 4: and sending an end _ marker message of the SDN controllers where the source eNB and the target eNB are positioned to the source eNB, and forwarding the information to the target eNB after the information is processed by the source eNB.
And 5: and the SDN controllers of the source eNB and the target eNB update the MMT of the source eNB and the target eNB, send a path switching message to the target eNB, establish a new data forwarding path for the UE, and go to the step 13.
Step 6: and forwarding the path switching request to the MME by the SDN controller of the target eNB.
And 7: MME sends request message for updating user plane data to S-GW.
And 8: the S-GW sends an end _ marker message to the source eNB using the signaling S-VLAN id.
And step 9: and after receiving the end _ marker message, the SDN controller where the source eNB is located forwards the end _ marker message to the source eNB and updates the MMT of the source eNB, and the original data forwarding path is terminated.
Step 10: the source eNB forwards the end _ marker message to the target eNB after processing.
Step 11: the MME sends a path switch message to the target eNB using the signaling S-VLAN id.
Step 12: after receiving the path switching message, the SDN controller where the target eNB is located updates the MMT of the target eNB, forwards the path switching message to the target eNB, and establishes a new data forwarding path for the UE
Step 13: the target eNB informs the source eNB to release the radio resources.
In step 1 of the handover procedure, a handover request message sent by the source eNB to the target eNB is sent over the X2 interface, including the L2 address and C-VLAN id of the UE.
In the handover procedure, the end _ marker message is a special data packet sent to the source eNB by the SDN controller or the S-GW in the handover process in which the S-GW is unchanged in the LTE network, and is used to indicate that data transmission on the source eNB side is finished.
In the handover procedure, the signaling S-VLAN id is a special S-VLAN identifier for identifying packets destined for the SDN controller, and packets identified as the signaling S-VLAN are forwarded to the SND controller.
The mobility management method based on the SDN can realize effective identification of specific UE switching by a backhaul network, identify each service flow, realize flow scheduling, management and control of the flow in the network, eliminate the need of partial mobility management for a GTP tunnel, meet seamless mobility in an LTE network, reduce excessive signaling load and tunnel overhead between an access network and a core network and reduce network complexity.
Claims (9)
1. A method for SDN-based mobility management, characterized by implementing a Software Defined Network (SDN) -based backhaul network architecture using concepts of SDN and OpenFlow protocols, and by adopting the SDN-based backhaul network architecture, dynamically placing a mobility anchor point at a location closer to a User Equipment (UE), and transferring a part of mobility management tasks from a mobile core network to a backhaul network closer to a mobile User, involving 3 scenarios in mobility management: an initial attachment process, a tracking area updating process and a UE switching process; the Initial Attach (IA) process includes the following steps:
step 1: once the UE has access, it initiates an IA request to the eNB, and the eNB forwards the request to the MME;
step 2: MME obtains user data from Home Subscriber Server (HSS) and authenticates the UE;
and step 3: MME sends a default bearing request to S-GW by forwarding the corresponding eNB MAC address;
and 4, step 4: the S-GW forwards the request to a Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW), and the P-GW allocates a unique IP address and a C-VLAN id to the UE;
and 5: the S-GW forms a unique address of the UE by binding the IP address of the UE and the MAC address of the eNB and forwards the address to the MME;
step 6: the MME sending an IA accept message to the eNB and changing the S-VLAN of the IA accept message to a signaling S-VLAN, upon reaching the first SDN switch in its path, the S-VLAN packet is forwarded to the SDN controller, which updates its MMT and installs flow entries from the source SDN switch to the target SDN switch; furthermore, the SDN controller installs an entry in the SDN switch for sending an IA accept message to the SDN controller, and a signaling S-VLAN of the IA accept message is converted into an S-VLAN;
and 7: finally, an IA accept and acknowledge (ack) message is embedded in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) bearer setup message, and the IA accept message is forwarded to the MME.
2. The method for SDN-based mobility management according to claim 1, wherein in step 6 of the initial attach procedure: the MMT refers to a mobility management table, namely a flow entry defined by the SDN controller and used for controlling forwarding, and is composed of 5 elements including UE IP, eNB MAC, C-VLAN, S-VLAN and S-GW MAC.
3. The method for SDN-based mobility management of claim 1, wherein a Tracking Area Update (TAU) flow comprises the steps of:
step 1: UE initiates TAU request
Step 2: the corresponding eNB changes the S-VLAN id of the request message into a signaling S-VLAN id, the message is firstly sent to an SDN controller, the SDN controller identifies the TAU, clears the item related to the UE in the edge SDN switch, and changes the signaling S-VLAN into the original S-VLAN;
and step 3: the TAU is forwarded to the MME, and the MME sends a bearer updating request to the S-GW;
and 4, step 4: S-GW sends update bearer response to MME;
and 5: the MME sends a TAU accept message to the eNB, which is sent to the eNB along with the UEL2 address, radio bearer setup.
4. The method of SDN based mobility management according to claim 3, wherein in step 1 of the Tracking Area update procedure, the "TAU request" is initiated by an idle UE when detecting that it has entered a new Tracking Area (TA) or when a periodic timer expires; and only TAU due to detection of new TA trigger is sent to SDN controller and other TA updates are sent directly to MME, so SDN controller is not overloaded.
5. The SDN based mobility management method of claim 3, wherein in step 2 of tracking area update procedure, the "signaling S-VLAN id" is a special S-VLAN identifier for identifying packets destined to the SDN controller, packets identified as signaling S-VLAN are forwarded to the SND controller, and normal S-VLAN id messages are not recognized.
6. The method for SDN based mobility management according to claim 1, wherein a UE Handover (HO) procedure comprises the following steps:
step 1: the source eNB sends a switching request message to the target eNB, and sends a switching command to the UE after the source eNB receives the switching confirmation message;
step 2: the target eNB initiates a path switching request to the MME by using a signaling S-VLAN id;
and step 3: judging after the SDN controller where the target eNB is located receives the path switching request, and if the source eNB and the target eNB are both in the control range of the source eNB and the target eNB, performing step 4; if the source eNB and the target eNB are not both in the control range, then the step 6 is carried out;
and 4, step 4: the method comprises the steps that an SDN controller where a source eNB and a target eNB are located sends an end _ marker message to the source eNB, and the source eNB forwards the information to the target eNB after processing;
and 5: updating MMT of SDN controllers in which a source eNB and a target eNB are located, sending a path switching message to the target eNB, establishing a new data forwarding path for UE, and turning to the step 13;
step 6: forwarding the path switching request to the MME by the SDN controller where the target eNB is located;
and 7: MME sends a request message for updating user plane data to S-GW;
and 8: the S-GW sends an end _ marker message to the source eNB by using a signaling S-VLAN id;
and step 9: after receiving the end _ marker message, an SDN controller where the source eNB is located forwards the end _ marker message to the source eNB and updates the MMT of the source eNB, and an original data forwarding path is terminated;
step 10: the source eNB forwards the end _ marker message to the target eNB after processing;
step 11: the MME sends a path switching message to the target eNB by using a signaling S-VLAN id;
step 12: after receiving the path switching message, the SDN controller where the target eNB is located updates the MMT of the target eNB, forwards the path switching message to the target eNB, and establishes a new data forwarding path for the UE;
step 13: the target eNB informs the source eNB to release the radio resources.
7. The method for SDN-based mobility management according to claim 6, wherein in step 1 of the UE Handover (HO) procedure, the Handover request message sent by the source eNB to the target eNB is sent through an X2 interface, and includes the L2 address and the C-VLAN id of the UE.
8. The method of SDN based mobility management of claim 6, wherein in step 2 of the UE Handover (HO) procedure, the signaling S-VLAN id is a special S-VLAN identifier for identifying packets destined to the SDN controller, packets identified as signaling S-VLAN id are forwarded to the SND controller, and normal S-VLAN id messages are not identified.
9. The method for SDN-based mobility management according to claim 6, wherein in step 4 of the UE Handover (HO) procedure, the end _ marker message is a special data packet sent by the SDN controller or S-GW to the source eNB during the S-GW-invariant Handover procedure in the LTE network, and is used to indicate that the data transmission at the source eNB side is finished.
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| CN108390909B (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2021-05-14 | 西安邮电大学 | Fleet-oriented safety mobility management method based on aggregation authentication |
| US11115327B2 (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2021-09-07 | Oracle International Corporation | Methods, systems, and computer readable media for providing mobile device connectivity |
| CN108848528B (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2021-04-13 | 南京邮电大学 | SDN and NFV converged network mobility management method |
| CN111200851A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2020-05-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Data communication method and device |
| CN110913348B (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2021-09-07 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Distributed network architecture without fixed infrastructure support and position management method thereof |
| WO2021203375A1 (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2021-10-14 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Connectivity with non-standalone cells |
| CN114079674B (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2023-02-21 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Data processing method, user plane function and device |
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