CN106685658A - Quantum key distribution system and method based on continuous variable measurement equipment independence - Google Patents
Quantum key distribution system and method based on continuous variable measurement equipment independence Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
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Abstract
The invention provides a quantum key distribution system and method based on continuous variable measurement equipment independence. The quantum key distribution system comprises a sender Alice and a receiver Bob, and is characterized in that the receiver Bob is connected with a balance homodyne detector BHD through a wavelength division multiplexer WDM; the sender Alice is connected with the balance homodyne detector BHD at Alice and Bob ends; after a continuous wave laser device (LD) passes through an intensity modulator (IM), light pulse is formed by attenuation; Gaussian-modulation encoding of a coherent state is finished after the light pulse is processed by an amplitude modulator (AM) and a phase modulator (PM) under the control of a random number generated by a PC (Personal Computer) machine; then a result is sent to a third party Charlie; generated noises have relatively small influences on the system; influences on a safety key generation speed of the system, caused by forward transmission and backward transmission of a channel can be ignored; and advantages of a metropolitan area network based on a CV-MDIQKD quantum cryptography communication system are very obvious, and a foundation can be laid for commercialized and networked application in the future.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to quantum communication technical field, and in particular to a kind of quantum unrelated based on continuous variable measuring apparatus
Key distribution system and its method.
Background technology
In the quantum key distribution based on continuous variable, using conventional probes using balanced homodyne detection or heterodyne
The methods such as detection are detected, and thus, there is also many attacks in end of probe, such as：Standard attacks, local oscillations light intensity is attacked
Hit, wavelength attack, saturation attack etc., be that system brings some security breaches, for this purpose, by the unrelated quantum key distribution of measuring apparatus
The concept of (Measurement Device Independent Quantum Key Distribution, MDIQKD) is incorporated into
The security breaches caused due to the defect of detector are solved in continuous variable quantum key distribution, it is proposed that continuous variable is measured
Thought (the Continuous Variable Measurement Device Independent of the unrelated quantum key distribution of equipment
Quantum Key Distribution, CV-MDIQKD).
2014, the S.Pirandola of York University of Britain proposed a kind of CV-MDIQKD schemes based on |coherent state |, enters
The original reason experiment demonstration of row theory analysis and free space channel, the experiment adopts 1064nm coherent sources, safe key rate
It is more than three orders of magnitude higher than DV-MDIQKD safe key rates.
The same year, Peking University's Guo Hong small components you can well imagine out the unrelated quantum key distribution scheme of continuous variable measuring apparatus[8]With
Continuous variable measuring apparatus quantum key distribution scheme based on squeezed state[9], analysis shows, CV-MDIQKD schemes can not only
The side-channel attack of detector is resisted, and compared to CVQKD, be obtained in that higher safe key rate, but communication distance
It is shorter, and need one user of Charlie distances especially near, that is, require that channel is nonsymmetric channel.
The same year, the Ma Xiangchun of the National University of Defense technology it is also proposed a kind of CV-MDIQKD schemes based on |coherent state |, and prove
In the CV-MDIQKD agreements, the equivalence of data post processing method that forward direction is consulted and reversely consulted.
CV-MDIQKD has been in progress since the proposition in terms of theoretical research, but does not have more optimal agreement always
Propose, in terms of experiment, in addition to the above-mentioned lecture experiment based on free space channel, the report without the experiment for updating, and
And because lecture experiment realizes there is very big difference at the aspect such as channel and optical source wavelength apart from real experiment, it can not be represented
The experiment of CV-MQIQKD is realized.Therefore, in the time of 2015 and 2,016 two, for parameter in CV-MDIQKD simulating, verifyings
The aspect such as superiority contrast of the realizability of key rate, CV-MDIQKD and DV-MDIQKD has many striving caused by selection etc.
By and inquire into, its to be studied and clear and definite content also has a lot.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, by quantum key distribution so that communicating pair obtain key, and then
Using the cipher mode of " one-time pad ", communication is encrypted to classical communication system.But quantum secret communication system is realized many
When user is transmitted, if it is desired to which the conventional communication networks being encrypted by classical mode at present are transformed into into quantum communications net
Network, at least needs the original fiber number of twice, and this will cause laying cost to sharply increase, and limit its business application, hinder
Its development, and the security breaches of side-channel attack are had based on the quantum secret communication system of CVQKD, its safety is had and is chosen
War, therefore it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of quantum key distribution system unrelated based on continuous variable measuring apparatus and its side
Method is solving the above problems.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is：
A kind of quantum key distribution system unrelated based on continuous variable measuring apparatus, including sender Alice, recipient Bob,
Characterized in that, recipient Bob connects balanced homodyne detector BHD by wavelength division multiplexer WDM, sender Alice connections are flat
Weighing apparatus zero-difference detection device BHD；
Described sender Alice includes consisting of, encrypts in link information after information detection decoding link information decryption,
LD3 by information encode link information encryption, information encryption connection control gateway, PC1, control gateway, LD1, BS polarizer,
IM, AM, PM, dynamic controller are sequentially connected；
Described third party Charlie includes consisting of, and PC 3, BS1, PM1, BS2 is sequentially connected, and BS1 connects another BS3,
BS3 connects dynamic polarization controller, and BS3, BS4, BDH are sequentially connected, and BS2, PM2, BS3 are sequentially connected；
Described recipient Bob includes consisting of, in link information encryption, LD3 after information detection decoding link information decryption
By information encode link information encryption, information encryption connection control gateway, PC2, control gateway, LD2, BS polarizer, IM,
AM, PM, dynamic controller are sequentially connected.
Further, a kind of quantum key delivering method unrelated based on continuous variable measuring apparatus, at Alice and Bob ends,
Continuous-wave laser（LD）By intensity modulator（IM）Afterwards, light pulse is decayed into, under the random number control that PC is produced
Amplitude modulator（AM）And phase-modulator（PM）Afterwards, complete |coherent state | carries out Gaussian modulation coding, then sends respectively
Third party Charlie is given, at third party Charlie ends, the quantum light at Alice ends and the quantum light at Bob ends are in dynamic polarization control
In the presence of device processed, after carrying out polarization compensation, 50:It is divided into two beams after 50 fraction device effect, it is relative in the control and regulation of PM
Phase contrast, completes the measurement to two quadrature components, and post processing is carried out at control computer 3, afterwards, secure key storage is existed
In pool of keys, the control gateway at Alice and Bob ends extracts key and classical data from pool of keys, using " one-time pad "
Thought is encrypted transmission.In the presence of multiplexer, classical information is transmitted with quantum information in an optical fiber in the program,
The effective integration of quantum key distribution and existing optical-fiber network is realized, the efficiency of transmission can be improved, reduce laying for optical fiber.
Further, the effect of the polarizer and dynamic polarization controller is provided to ensure in Charlie ends polarization mode
Concordance, and the local oscillator light of Charlie ends coherent detection comes from continuous-wave laser LD1, in order to ensure relevant inspection
The stability of survey, needs laser instrument LD1 and LD2 to have a good coherence, and carries out frequency locking and lock equal operation, with can be
Charlie realizes at end stable interference.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
When detection relaying is close to a certain transmitting terminal, shadow of classics-quantum information noise that altogether channel simultaneous interpretation is produced to system
Sound is less, and the impact of classical channel fl transmission and reverse transfers to the safe key generating rate of system can be ignored not
Meter.Even if the input power of classical channel is increased to into 9mW, you can with the classical information that the tens of roads of simultaneous transmission are to be encrypted,
The high 2-3 order of magnitude of safe key rate of the safe key rate of system still than current DV-MDIQKD at 15km, based on CV-
The Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) advantage of the quantum secret communication system of MDIQKD is fairly obvious, can be that commercialization from now on and networked instruments are established
Basis.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the system structure diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the Performance Simulation Results of the system, wherein, key rate when a classics channel input powers are 1mW, b is classical
Key rate when channel input power is 9mW.
Fig. 4 is the safe key rate of the common channel simultaneous interpretation systems of CV-MDIQKD under different classical channel input powers.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further discussed below with reference to embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of quantum key distribution system unrelated based on continuous variable measuring apparatus, including sender
Alice, recipient Bob, it is characterised in that recipient Bob connects balanced homodyne detector BHD by wavelength division multiplexer WDM, send out
The side of sending Alice connects balanced homodyne detector BHD；
Described sender Alice includes consisting of, encrypts in link information after information detection decoding link information decryption,
LD3 by information encode link information encryption, information encryption connection control gateway, PC1, control gateway, LD1, BS polarizer,
IM, AM, PM, dynamic controller are sequentially connected；
Described third party Charlie includes consisting of, and PC 3, BS1, PM1, BS2 is sequentially connected, and BS1 connects another BS3,
BS3 connects dynamic polarization controller, and BS3, BS4, BDH are sequentially connected, and BS2, PM2, BS3 are sequentially connected；
Described recipient Bob includes consisting of, in link information encryption, LD3 after information detection decoding link information decryption
By information encode link information encryption, information encryption connection control gateway, PC2, control gateway, LD2, BS polarizer, IM,
AM, PM, dynamic controller are sequentially connected.
Further, a kind of quantum key delivering method unrelated based on continuous variable measuring apparatus, at Alice and Bob ends,
Continuous-wave laser（LD）By intensity modulator（IM）Afterwards, light pulse is decayed into, under the random number control that PC is produced
Amplitude modulator（AM）And phase-modulator（PM）Afterwards, complete |coherent state | carries out Gaussian modulation coding, then sends respectively
Third party Charlie is given, at third party Charlie ends, the quantum light at Alice ends and the quantum light at Bob ends are in dynamic polarization control
In the presence of device processed, after carrying out polarization compensation, 50:It is divided into two beams after 50 fraction device effect, it is relative in the control and regulation of PM
Phase contrast, completes the measurement to two quadrature components, and post processing is carried out at control computer 3, afterwards, secure key storage is existed
In pool of keys, the control gateway at Alice and Bob ends extracts key and classical data from pool of keys, using " one-time pad "
Thought is encrypted transmission.In the presence of multiplexer, classical information is transmitted with quantum information in an optical fiber in the program,
The effective integration of quantum key distribution and existing optical-fiber network is realized, the efficiency of transmission can be improved, reduce laying for optical fiber.
Further, the effect of the polarizer and dynamic polarization controller is provided to ensure in Charlie ends polarization mode
Concordance, and the local oscillator light of Charlie ends coherent detection comes from continuous-wave laser LD1, in order to ensure relevant inspection
The stability of survey, needs laser instrument LD1 and LD2 to have a good coherence, and carries out frequency locking and lock equal operation, with can be
Charlie realizes at end stable interference.
As can be seen that when the input power of classical channel increases, CV-MDIQKD is classical-amount for contrast Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b)
The maximum safe transmission distance of sub-information altogether channel simultaneous interpretation system is reduced, when classical channel input power is 9mW, before multiplexing to
The maximum safe transmission distance of classical channel and the backward classics channel of multiplexing is reduced to respectively 18.4km and 17.9km, peace now
Full key rate isBits/pulse magnitudes, this is because, with the increase of classical channel input power, CV-MDIQKD systems
Spontaneous Raman emission increase in system, the additional noise for causing system increases so that safe transmission distance is reduced.
As seen from Figure 4, in the quantum secret communication system using CV-MDIQKD, we can not consider classics
The transmission direction of channel is encrypted the transmission of information.Now, even if the input power of classical channel increases to 9mW, in 15km
Place, safe key rate can reachBits/pulse, andThe safe key rate of bits/pulse and the classical letter of 9mW
The demand of the enough dozens of classics channel simultaneous transmissions of road power, this allows for the quantum secret communication based on CV-MDIQKD can
To come true in not remote future.
When detection relaying is close to a certain transmitting terminal, classics-quantum information noise that altogether channel simultaneous interpretation is produced is to system
Impact it is less, and the impact of classical channel fl transmission and reverse transfers to the safe key generating rate of system can neglect
Slightly disregard.Even if the input power of classical channel is increased to into 9mW, you can with the classical letter that the tens of roads of simultaneous transmission are to be encrypted
Breath, the high 2-3 order of magnitude of safe key rate of the safe key rate of system still than current DV-MDIQKD, base at 15km
It is fairly obvious in the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) advantage of the quantum secret communication system of CV-MDIQKD, can be that commercialization from now on and networking should
With laying the foundation.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of quantum key distribution system unrelated based on continuous variable measuring apparatus, including sender Alice, recipient
Bob, it is characterised in that recipient Bob connects balanced homodyne detector BHD by wavelength division multiplexer WDM, sender Alice connects
Meet balanced homodyne detector BHD；
Described sender Alice includes consisting of, encrypts in link information after information detection decoding link information decryption,
LD3 by information encode link information encryption, information encryption connection control gateway, PC1, control gateway, LD1, BS polarizer,
IM, AM, PM, dynamic controller are sequentially connected；
Described third party Charlie includes consisting of, and PC 3, BS1, PM1, BS2 is sequentially connected, and BS1 connects another BS3,
BS3 connects dynamic polarization controller, and BS3, BS4, BDH are sequentially connected, and BS2, PM2, BS3 are sequentially connected；
Described recipient Bob includes consisting of, in link information encryption, LD3 after information detection decoding link information decryption
By information encode link information encryption, information encryption connection control gateway, PC2, control gateway, LD2, BS polarizer, IM,
AM, PM, dynamic controller are sequentially connected.
2. a kind of quantum key delivering method unrelated based on continuous variable measuring apparatus according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, in Alice and Bob ends, continuous-wave laser（LD）By intensity modulator（IM）Afterwards, decay into light pulse, pass through
Amplitude modulator under the random number control that PC is produced（AM）And phase-modulator（PM）Afterwards, complete |coherent state | carries out Gauss
Modulating-coding, is then sent respectively to third party Charlie, in third party Charlie ends, the quantum light at Alice ends and Bob
The quantum light at end in the presence of dynamic polarization controller, after carrying out polarization compensation, 50:It is divided into two after 50 fraction device effect
Beam, in the control and regulation relative phase difference of PM, completes the measurement to two quadrature components, and post processing is carried out at control computer 3,
Afterwards, by secure key storage in pool of keys, the control gateway at Alice and Bob ends extracts key with classics from pool of keys
Data, using the thought of " one-time pad " transmission is encrypted, in the presence of multiplexer, classical information and quantum in the program
Information is transmitted in an optical fiber, realizes the effective integration of quantum key distribution and existing optical-fiber network, can improve transmission
Efficiency, reduces laying for optical fiber.
3. a kind of quantum key delivering method unrelated based on continuous variable measuring apparatus according to claim 2, it is special
It is that the effect of the polarizer and dynamic polarization controller is provided to ensure the concordance in Charlie ends polarization mode to levy, and
And the local oscillator light of Charlie ends coherent detection comes from continuous-wave laser LD1, in order to ensure the stability of relevant detection,
Need laser instrument LD1 and LD2 that there is good coherence, and carry out frequency locking to lock equal operation, with can be in Charlie ends reality
Now stable interference.
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Cited By (17)
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| CN107256141A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-10-17 | 中国科学技术大学 | The unrelated quantum random number generator of measurement end device |
| CN107294960A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-10-24 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of method for protecting of software defined network control passage |
| CN107528686A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-29 | 洛阳师范学院 | A kind of generation method of the quantum cryptography unrelated with equipment based on actual detection system |
| CN108551362A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-09-18 | 清华大学 | The unrelated coherence of measuring apparatus witnesses device and method |
| CN108989035A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2018-12-11 | 上海循态信息科技有限公司 | Based on the unrelated continuous variable quantum key delivering method of measuring device and system |
| CN109067518A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-21 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of quantum network system and method based on plug and play MDI-QKD |
| CN109167663A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-08 | 成都信息工程大学 | A kind of multi-user quantum cryptographic key distribution method and system based on dense coding |
| CN109379188A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-22 | 山西大学 | A kind of unrelated phase matched quantum key distribution device of measuring device |
| CN109510701A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2019-03-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Continuous variable quantum key distribution device and method |
| CN110620653A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-12-27 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | MDI-QKD network communication system and communication method |
| CN110896328A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-20 | 中国科学技术大学 | Continuous variable quantum key distribution system based on single reference light pulse single homodyne detection |
| CN110896329A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-20 | 中国科学技术大学 | Continuous variable quantum key distribution coherent detection system based on local oscillator light scheme |
| CN112073181A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-12-11 | 北京邮电大学 | QKD network, metropolitan area node and key distribution method between access networks thereof |
| CN112804056A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-05-14 | 上海循态信息科技有限公司 | Device and method for realizing independent quantum key distribution of continuous variable measurement equipment |
| CN112929163A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 中南大学 | Measuring device-independent continuous variable quantum key distribution method and system |
| CN113014329A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-22 | 韩国科学技术院 | Time-division quadrature homodyne CV QKD system |
| CN113079009A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-06 | 浙江九州量子信息技术股份有限公司 | Time-phase coding measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system |
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| CN113079009B (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-07 | 浙江九州量子信息技术股份有限公司 | Time-phase coding measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system |
| CN113079009A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-06 | 浙江九州量子信息技术股份有限公司 | Time-phase coding measuring equipment irrelevant quantum key distribution system |
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