CN106679948A - Online fault diagnosis method of rapid valve - Google Patents
Online fault diagnosis method of rapid valve Download PDFInfo
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- CN106679948A CN106679948A CN201611157834.9A CN201611157834A CN106679948A CN 106679948 A CN106679948 A CN 106679948A CN 201611157834 A CN201611157834 A CN 201611157834A CN 106679948 A CN106679948 A CN 106679948A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
Abstract
The invention discloses an online fault diagnosis method of a rapid valve. The method is used for achieving online monitoring and diagnosis of a pneumatic rapid valve, and comprises steps of acquiring a strain signal of the rapid valve through a to-be-diagnosed strain sensor pre-arranged on the rapid valve; carrying out short-time Fourier transform on the stain signal so as to obtain a signal time frequency matrix; according to the signal time frequency matrix, drawing a frequency waveform corresponding to each preset frequency section; selecting a standard frequency waveform from all frequency waveforms; and according to the standard frequency waveform, determining time duration of a starting process of the rapid valve, and according to the time duration and historical curves of the pre-arranged rapid valve, carrying out difference evaluation on the rapid valve.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical fault diagnosis field, more particularly to a kind of online failure of hypersonic wind tunnel quick valve is examined
Disconnected method.
Background technology
Pneumatic quick valve is essential Special valve in hypersonic wind tunnel system, because of air-tightness requirement, at present only
Whether quick valve fault diagnosis, existing artificial mesh can uniformly be carried out using drive shaft speed in artificial range estimation quick valve opening process
Survey fast and accurately cannot be diagnosed and monitored to pneumatic quick valve state.
Based on this, the present invention combines the actual demand that pneumatic quick valve is monitored on-line and diagnosed, it is proposed that one kind is based on short
When Fourier transformation startup quick valve on-line monitoring and diagnostic method.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the defect of above-mentioned prior art, it is online that the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of quick valve
Method for diagnosing faults, is used to realize on-line monitoring and the diagnosis of pneumatic quick valve.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of quick valve on-line fault diagnosis method in the present invention, including：
By being preset at treating on quick valve, diagnosis strain inductor gathers the strain signal of the quick valve；
Short Time Fourier Transform is carried out to the strain signal, signal time-frequency matrix is obtained；
The interval corresponding frequency waveform of each predeterminated frequency is drawn according to the signal time-frequency matrix；
Reference frequency waveform is selected from each frequency waveform；
The time span of the quick valve start-up course is determined according to the reference frequency waveform, according to the time span
With the duration curve of preset quick valve, otherness assessment is carried out to the quick valve.
It is alternatively, described that by being preset at treating on quick valve, diagnosis strain inductor gathers the strain letter of the quick valve
Number, including：
Multiple strain primary signals of the quick valve are gathered by the multiple strain transducers being preset on quick valve；Its
In, one strain primary signal of each strain transducer correspondence；
Short Time Fourier Transform is carried out to each strain primary signal, multiple signal time-frequency spectrums are obtained；
According to the Energy distribution of each signal time-frequency spectrum, one is chosen from the multiple strain transducer and strains inductor work
To treat diagnosis strain inductor；
Treat that diagnosis strains the strain primary signal of inductor collection as the strain signal of the quick valve using described.
Specifically, it is described that Short Time Fourier Transform is carried out to each strain primary signal, obtain multiple signal time-frequency spectrums
Figure, including：
For strain primary signal each described, a window function for Time-Frequency Localization is selected；
The movement window function, makes the window function be in each Preset Time width with the product of the strain primary signal
Stationary signal, and calculate each power spectrum not in the same time；
The power spectrum at variant moment is reset with time sequencing, multiple signal time-frequency spectrums are obtained.
Specifically, the Energy distribution according to each signal time-frequency spectrum, one is chosen from the multiple strain transducer
Strain inductor as treat diagnosis strain inductor, including：
Using the energy-distributing feature of signal time-frequency spectrum most significantly strain inductor as treat diagnosis strain inductor.
Specifically, the quantity of preset strain inductor is 4；45 degree of angles are differed between adjacent two strains inductor.
Alternatively, it is described from each frequency waveform select reference frequency waveform the step of, including：
According to the energy magnitude size of each frequency waveform, reference frequency waveform is selected from each frequency waveform.
Alternatively, the time span that the quick valve start-up course is determined according to the reference frequency waveform, according to
The duration curve of the time span and preset quick valve, otherness assessment is carried out to the quick valve, including：
Crest pickup processing is carried out to the reference frequency waveform, each stage correspondence in the quick valve start-up course is obtained
Time span；Each stage includes pneumatic actuation head startup stage, pipeline gas aeration phase and pipeline in the start-up course
Gas passes through the stage；
The duration curve of time span and preset quick valve according to each stage, to lasting for each stage of the quick valve
Carry out otherness assessment.
Specifically, it is described that crest pickup processing is carried out to the reference frequency waveform, obtain the quick valve start-up course
In each stage corresponding time span, including：
The initial time of the quick valve start-up course is determined according to the reference frequency waveform；
Search the first maximum data point, the second maximum data point and the 3rd maximum number of the reference frequency waveform
Strong point；
Determine the first maximum data point correspondence time and the difference of the initial time, obtain the pneumatic actuation
The time span of head startup stage；
Determine the difference of the second maximum data point correspondence time corresponding with the first maximum data point time,
Obtain the time span of the pipeline gas aeration phase；
Determine the difference of the 3rd maximum data point correspondence time corresponding with the second maximum data point time,
Obtain time span of the pipeline gas by the stage.
Specifically, the initial time that the quick valve start-up course is determined according to the reference frequency waveform, including：
Step 1, by the data point averaged of the most preceding predetermined number of reference frequency waveform, by the reference frequency ripple
Shape subtracts the average value；
Step 2, repeat step 1, until the average value of the data point of the most preceding predetermined number reaches predetermined threshold value, so that
Amendment reference frequency waveform；
Step 3, begins stepping through from first data point of the reference frequency waveform of amendment, correspondence when predeterminable event is occurred
Time as the quick valve start-up course initial time；The predeterminable event is specially the number for continuous setting number occur
The amplitude at strong point is all higher than predetermined threshold value.
Specifically, also include before step 1：
Just described reference frequency waveform carries out smothing filtering.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that：
The present invention realizes on-line monitoring and the diagnosis of pneumatic quick valve, and effectively increasing existing artificial range estimation cannot diagnose
Monitoring velocity and precision, for hypersonic wind tunnel safe and stable operation provides guarantee.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is pneumatic quick valve opening process strain signal original waveform in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is 0 degree of direction strain transducer time-frequency spectrum of pneumatic quick valve body in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is 45 degree of direction strain transducer time-frequency spectrums of pneumatic quick valve body in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is 90 degree of direction strain transducer time-frequency spectrums of pneumatic quick valve body in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the pneumatic quick degree of valve body -45 direction strain transducer time-frequency spectrum in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is each frequency band strain energy curve after strain signal frequency decomposition in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is pneumatic each divided stages waveform of quick valve opening process in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to realize on-line monitoring and the diagnosis of pneumatic quick valve, the invention provides a kind of quick valve on-line fault diagnosis
Method, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that described herein
Specific embodiment is only used to explain the present invention, does not limit of the invention.
A kind of quick valve on-line fault diagnosis method in the embodiment of the present invention, including：
By being preset at treating on quick valve, diagnosis strain inductor gathers the strain signal of the quick valve；
Short Time Fourier Transform is carried out to the strain signal, signal time-frequency matrix is obtained；
The interval corresponding frequency waveform of each predeterminated frequency is drawn according to the signal time-frequency matrix；
Reference frequency waveform is selected from each frequency waveform；
The time span of the quick valve start-up course is determined according to the reference frequency waveform, according to the time span
With the duration curve of preset quick valve, otherness assessment is carried out to the quick valve.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, it is further proposed that the variant embodiment of above-described embodiment, needs explanation herein
It is, in order that description is brief, the difference with above-described embodiment only to be described in each variant embodiment.
It is in one embodiment of the invention, described that by being preset at treating on quick valve, diagnosis strain inductor gathers institute
The strain signal of quick valve is stated, including：
Multiple strain primary signals of the quick valve are gathered by the multiple strain transducers being preset on quick valve；Its
In, one strain primary signal of each strain transducer correspondence；
Short Time Fourier Transform is carried out to each strain primary signal, multiple signal time-frequency spectrums are obtained；
According to the Energy distribution of each signal time-frequency spectrum, one is chosen from the multiple strain transducer and strains inductor work
To treat diagnosis strain inductor；
Treat that diagnosis strains the strain primary signal of inductor collection as the strain signal of the quick valve using described.
Specifically, it is described that Short Time Fourier Transform is carried out to each strain primary signal, obtain multiple signal time-frequency spectrums
Figure, including：
For strain primary signal each described, a window function for Time-Frequency Localization is selected；
The movement window function, makes the window function be in each Preset Time width with the product of the strain primary signal
Stationary signal, and calculate each power spectrum not in the same time；
The power spectrum at variant moment is reset with time sequencing, multiple signal time-frequency spectrums are obtained.
Specifically, the Energy distribution according to each signal time-frequency spectrum, one is chosen from the multiple strain transducer
Strain inductor as treat diagnosis strain inductor, including：
Using the energy-distributing feature of signal time-frequency spectrum most significantly strain inductor as treat diagnosis strain inductor.
Specifically, the quantity of preset strain inductor is 4；45 degree of angles are differed between adjacent two strains inductor.
In another embodiment of the present invention, it is described the step of selection reference frequency waveform, to be wrapped from each frequency waveform
Include：
According to the energy magnitude size of each frequency waveform, reference frequency waveform is selected from each frequency waveform.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, it is described to determine that the quick valve started according to the reference frequency waveform
The time span of journey, according to the time span and the duration curve of preset quick valve, carries out otherness and comments to the quick valve
Estimate, including：
Crest pickup processing is carried out to the reference frequency waveform, each stage correspondence in the quick valve start-up course is obtained
Time span；Each stage includes pneumatic actuation head startup stage, pipeline gas aeration phase and pipeline in the start-up course
Gas passes through the stage；
The duration curve of time span and preset quick valve according to each stage, to lasting for each stage of the quick valve
Carry out otherness assessment.
Specifically, it is described that crest pickup processing is carried out to the reference frequency waveform, obtain the quick valve start-up course
In each stage corresponding time span, including：
The initial time of the quick valve start-up course is determined according to the reference frequency waveform；
Search the first maximum data point, the second maximum data point and the 3rd maximum number of the reference frequency waveform
Strong point；
Determine the first maximum data point correspondence time and the difference of the initial time, obtain the pneumatic actuation
The time span of head startup stage；
Determine the difference of the second maximum data point correspondence time corresponding with the first maximum data point time,
Obtain the time span of the pipeline gas aeration phase；
Determine the difference of the 3rd maximum data point correspondence time corresponding with the second maximum data point time,
Obtain time span of the pipeline gas by the stage.
Specifically, the initial time that the quick valve start-up course is determined according to the reference frequency waveform, including：
Step 1, by the data point averaged of the most preceding predetermined number of reference frequency waveform, by the reference frequency ripple
Shape subtracts the average value；
Step 2, repeat step 1, until the average value of the data point of the most preceding predetermined number reaches predetermined threshold value, so that
Amendment reference frequency waveform；
Step 3, begins stepping through from first data point of the reference frequency waveform of amendment, correspondence when predeterminable event is occurred
Time as the quick valve start-up course initial time；The predeterminable event is specially the number for continuous setting number occur
The amplitude at strong point is all higher than predetermined threshold value.
Divided automatically the invention mainly comprises strain signal collection and waveform analysis, quick valve opening process stage, be based on
Each stage accurately lasts three links of fault diagnosis of assessment.
(1) strain signal collection and waveform analysis link, to the collection of pneumatic quick valve body strain primary signal, strain letter
Number time-frequency matrix and time-frequency spectrum are obtained, strain signal carries out frequency decomposition, choose suitable frequency section, obtain more clearly examining
Disconnected waveform.
(2) the quick valve opening process stage divide link automatically, carry out smothing filtering, threshold triggers, crest pickup processing,
Obtain 3 time spans in stage in quick valve opening process.
(3) the fault diagnosis link of assessment is accurately lasted based on each stage, fault diagnosis conclusion is obtained based on time span,
And store in database.
Strain regime by monitoring the valve seat in pneumatic pneumatic quick valve opening process on-line of the invention, to strain signal
Strain signal collection and waveform analysis, quick valve opening process stage is taken to divide automatically, accurately last assessment based on each stage
The treatment measures such as fault diagnosis, the variation characteristic of each motion stage in quick valve opening process can be accurately reflected so that
Realize online Precise Diagnosis and the early warning of the failures such as obstruction, gas leakage, the abnormal friction of quick valve.
The present invention is using time frequency analysis, intrinsic signals isolation technics, the frequency spectrum of strain signal of the selection with characteristic feature
Analysis curve；Give the spectrum analysis curve of strain signal, to open process stage be identified with division, and calculate each fortune
The accurate of dynamic process lasts；Duration curve when being dispatched from the factory with further reference to pneumatic quick valve, to poor to lasting for individual stage
Opposite sex assessment, then alarms more than predicted threshold value, and supports to carry out trend analysis to the data of a period of time accumulation, realizes that early stage is pre-
It is alert.
Illustrate quick valve on-line fault diagnosis method in the present invention.
Wind-tunnel facilities are long-term, be run multiple times after, quick valve can because the rubber blanket of its bottom constantly abrasion and damage.By looking into
Ask early stage wind tunnel operation parameter to understand, quick valve substantially increases before opening and relatively damaging total time when quick valve is damaged.It is right to realize
The real-time state monitoring of quick valve and life prediction, need to divide to the different phase in quick valve opening procedure：First and second
Correspond to pneumatic actuation head startup stage, pipeline gas aeration phase and pipeline gas respectively with three stages and pass through the stage.
Fig. 1 show 4 strain curves of the strain transducer collection of direction installation in pneumatic quick valve opening process.From
Strain curve can roughly obtain the total time of pneumatic quick valve opening process in Fig. 1 each subgraph, but cannot be clear outlet
Dynamic quick valve opening process specifically includes several stages.Therefore need to carry out signal transacting to strain curve, find out suitable side
Method is accurately divided to pneumatic quick valve opening time.
Specifically, method is comprised the following steps in the present invention：
The pneumatic quick valve body strain primary signal collection of step 1.；
Strain regime during to ensure to obtain more comprehensive valve body working condition, 0 degree of valve body respectively in pneumatic quick valve,
45 degree, -45 degree and 90 degree of directions are respectively mounted strain transducer, and strain in real time is gathered using multichannel strain signal acquisition instrument
Value, and strain signal is uploaded to computer, it is 1000Hz, sampling number that multichannel strain signal acquisition instrument sets sample rate
It is 1000 points.
Step 2. strain signal time-frequency matrix and time-frequency spectrum are obtained；
Time-frequency matrix and time-frequency spectrum are obtained by strain signal by time-frequency conversion, and conventional time-frequency conversion method has at present
Short Time Fourier Transform, wavelet transformation, Hilbert-Huang transform etc..In view of the operation of pneumatic quick valve diagnostic software platform
Efficiency and collect strain waveform be low frequency, tempolabile signal, choose Short Time Fourier Transform as time-frequency conversion method.
The main process of Short Time Fourier Transform is as follows：
(1) window function for Time-Frequency Localization is selected, it is assumed that when analysis window function g (t) is in a short time interval
Smoothly.
(2) mobile window function, stationary signal when making the product of window function and signal in different finite time width, from
And calculate each power spectrum not in the same time.
(3) power spectrum not in the same time obtained above is reset with time sequencing, you can the time-frequency spectrum after being converted
Figure.
The time-frequency of quick valve strain value waveform on 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree and -45 degree directions is respectively shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 5
Spectrogram.
Step 3：Strain transducer reasonable installation direction determines；
The time-frequency of the pneumatic quick valve strain curve on 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree and -45 degree directions shown in from Fig. 2 to Fig. 5
As can be seen that strain curve time-frequency spectrum of the pneumatic quick valve on 45 degree of directions, more can clearly react outlet in spectrogram
3 stages that dynamic quick valve opening process is included.Therefore, 45 degree of directions of pneumatic quick valve are chosen in actual diagnosis and strain is installed
Sensor.
Step 4：Strain signal carries out frequency decomposition, chooses suitable frequency section, obtains more clearly diagnosing waveform；
Being drawn from low to high by frequency from the time-frequency matrix corresponding to Fig. 3 (45 degree direction strain curve time-frequency spectrum) should
Become energy curve, can obtain the strain energy curve divided by frequency band shown in Fig. 6.
Size aspect according to each curve energy amplitude, it can be seen that 0-12Hz (painted in time-frequency matrix by the first row data
Curve) corresponding strain energy amplitude highest, therefore choose reference frequency of the frequency band as follow-up diagnosis.
Step 5：The quick valve opening process stage divides automatically；
Shown in Fig. 7, strain energy oscillogram is painted by 45 degree of direction strain value matrix the first row data of quick valve, from figure
Can be relatively easy to find out in waveform there are 3 obvious maximum points.
Signal transacting is carried out to strain energy waveform by following steps, 3 width of maximum point in way can be automatically derived
Value and its corresponding time.
(1) the small burr introduced by noise in waveform is picked out by smothing filtering；
(2) because strain transducer long-term work can inevitably produce " null offset " phenomenon so that sensor exists
The strain value output for not having strain transducer under stress is not " zero ", 100 data points before strain energy waveform of the present invention
(i.e. default quantity) averaged, integrally subtracts above-mentioned average value, repeatedly until strain energy by strain energy waveform
The average of 100 each data points is close to zero (reaching default null offset threshold value) before amount waveform；
(3) begun stepping through from first point of strain energy waveform by software programming, (set until there are continuous 10 points
Determine number) strain energies (i.e. default amplitude threshold) of the amplitude more than 5 units, opened as pneumatic quick valve using this event
The initial time (hereinafter referred " initial time ") of process；
(4) software programming is found first maximum point corresponding time and the difference of initial time, as first
The duration in stage；
The difference of (5) second maximum points time corresponding with first maximum point, as second stage continue
Time；
The difference of (6) the 3rd maximum points time corresponding with second maximum point, as three phases are lasting
Time.
Although This application describes particular example of the invention, those skilled in the art can not depart from the present invention generally
Variant of the invention is designed on the basis of thought.
Those skilled in the art on the basis of present invention is not departed from, go back under the inspiration that the technology of the present invention is conceived
Various improvement can be made to the method for the present invention, this still falls within the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of quick valve on-line fault diagnosis method, it is characterised in that methods described includes：
By being preset at treating on quick valve, diagnosis strain inductor gathers the strain signal of the quick valve；
Short Time Fourier Transform is carried out to the strain signal, signal time-frequency matrix is obtained；
The interval corresponding frequency waveform of each predeterminated frequency is drawn according to the signal time-frequency matrix；
Reference frequency waveform is selected from each frequency waveform；
The time span of the quick valve start-up course is determined according to the reference frequency waveform, according to the time span and in advance
The duration curve of quick valve is put, otherness assessment is carried out to the quick valve.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described to treat diagnosis strain sensing by being preset on quick valve
Device gathers the strain signal of the quick valve, including：
Multiple strain primary signals of the quick valve are gathered by the multiple strain transducers being preset on quick valve；Wherein,
One strain primary signal of each strain transducer correspondence；
Short Time Fourier Transform is carried out to each strain primary signal, multiple signal time-frequency spectrums are obtained；
According to the Energy distribution of each signal time-frequency spectrum, one is chosen from the multiple strain transducer and strains inductor as treating
Diagnosis strain inductor；
Treat that diagnosis strains the strain primary signal of inductor collection as the strain signal of the quick valve using described.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described that Fourier in short-term is carried out to each strain primary signal
Conversion, obtains multiple signal time-frequency spectrums, including：
For strain primary signal each described, a window function for Time-Frequency Localization is selected；
The movement window function, makes the window function be steady in each Preset Time width with the product of the strain primary signal
Signal, and calculate each power spectrum not in the same time；
The power spectrum at variant moment is reset with time sequencing, multiple signal time-frequency spectrums are obtained.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the Energy distribution according to each signal time-frequency spectrum, from institute
State and choose in multiple strain transducers one and strain inductor as treating diagnosis strain inductor, including：
Using the energy-distributing feature of signal time-frequency spectrum most significantly strain inductor as treat diagnosis strain inductor.
5. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the quantity of preset strain inductor is 4；Adjacent two strain
45 degree of angles are differed between inductor.
6. the method as described in any one in claim 1-5, it is characterised in that described to select benchmark from each frequency waveform
The step of frequency waveform, including：
According to the energy magnitude size of each frequency waveform, reference frequency waveform is selected from each frequency waveform.
7. the method as described in any one in claim 1-5, it is characterised in that described true according to the reference frequency waveform
The time span of the fixed quick valve start-up course, according to the time span and the duration curve of preset quick valve, to described
Quick valve carries out otherness assessment, including：
Crest pickup processing is carried out to the reference frequency waveform, obtain each stage in the quick valve start-up course it is corresponding when
Between length；Each stage includes pneumatic actuation head startup stage, pipeline gas aeration phase and pipeline gas in the start-up course
By the stage；
The duration curve of time span and preset quick valve according to each stage, the lasting for each stage to the quick valve is carried out
Otherness is assessed.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described to be carried out at crest pickup to the reference frequency waveform
Reason, obtains the corresponding time span of each stage in the quick valve start-up course, including：
The initial time of the quick valve start-up course is determined according to the reference frequency waveform；
Search the first maximum data point, the second maximum data point and the 3rd very big Value Data of the reference frequency waveform
Point；
Determine the difference of the first maximum data point correspondence time and the initial time, obtain the pneumatic actuation head and open
The time span in dynamic stage；
Determine the difference of the second maximum data point correspondence time corresponding with the first maximum data point time, obtain
The time span of the pipeline gas aeration phase；
Determine the difference of the 3rd maximum data point correspondence time corresponding with the second maximum data point time, obtain
The time span that the pipeline gas pass through the stage.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that described that the quick valve is determined according to the reference frequency waveform
The initial time of start-up course, including：
Step 1, the data point averaged of the most preceding predetermined number of reference frequency waveform subtracts the reference frequency waveform
Remove the average value；
Step 2, repeat step 1, until the average value of the data point of the most preceding predetermined number reaches default null offset threshold value,
So as to correct reference frequency waveform；
Step 3, begins stepping through, when corresponding when predeterminable event is occurred from first data point of the reference frequency waveform of amendment
Between as the quick valve start-up course initial time；The predeterminable event is specially the data point for continuous setting number occur
Amplitude be all higher than predetermined amplitude threshold value.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that also include before step 1：
Just described reference frequency waveform carries out smothing filtering.
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| CN111855098A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-30 | 西安交通大学 | Air valve leakage state evaluation method and system based on vibration signals |
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