CN106677868B - Diesel engine tail gas purification and heat recovery combined system - Google Patents
Diesel engine tail gas purification and heat recovery combined system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106677868B CN106677868B CN201611059385.4A CN201611059385A CN106677868B CN 106677868 B CN106677868 B CN 106677868B CN 201611059385 A CN201611059385 A CN 201611059385A CN 106677868 B CN106677868 B CN 106677868B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
- F01N2250/12—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/04—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/10—Carbon or carbon oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
Abstract
The invention discloses a diesel engine tail gas purification and heat recovery composite system, which comprises a catalytic oxidation device, a desulfurization device, a heat energy recovery device and a denitration device which are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of tail gas; the catalytic oxidation device comprises a shell I and a honeycomb-shaped ceramic carrier arranged in the shell I, wherein the honeycomb-shaped ceramic carrier comprises a honeycomb body with a plurality of air passages which are arranged in parallel and a baffle plate which is fixed in each air passage in a dislocation mode corresponding to any two adjacent air passages; a cordierite filter body is arranged on the part of the honeycomb body separated between any two adjacent air passages; a catalyst coating is arranged on the cordierite filter body; the invention can effectively realize the purification of the tail gas of the diesel engine, and simultaneously can recycle the heat energy and save the heat energy loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tail gas purification, in particular to a diesel engine tail gas purification and heat recovery composite system.
Background
The diesel engine is widely applied to the fields of transportation, engineering, agriculture and forestry machinery and the like due to the advantages of large power, high thermal efficiency and the like. However, because of the large amount of pollutants emitted by diesel engines, the emission level of the pollutants in the exhaust gas of a general diesel engine is in the following range: CO concentration is 50-5000 ppm; concentration of NOx: direct injection 100-; HC concentration is 10-1500ppm, smoke intensity is 0.2-2.0 Bosch unit, particulate matter concentration is 0.01-0.8g/m3，SO20-200ppm concentration, 10-200ppm aldehyde concentration, 0.5-30 microgram/m of benzopyrene3. Harmful substances such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and smoke dust, if the harmful substances are directly discharged, the pollutants greatly pollute the environment of our life and constitute the health of our human beingsTherefore, the further development of the diesel engine is greatly restricted. In addition, the smoke discharged by industrial high-power diesel engines, diesel generators, power equipment and the like contains a large amount of heat, the value of the heat accounts for about 18% of the total heat of fuel oil, the temperature of the discharged smoke can be as high as over 700 ℃, the whole economy of the diesel engine is reduced due to the waste of the energy, if the energy is recycled, the economy of the diesel engine is greatly improved, and meanwhile, huge economic value can be generated. In addition, harmful substances (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, smoke dust and the like) contained in the smoke are removed, and if the harmful substances are directly discharged, the harmful substances can cause great harm to individuals and the environment. And simultaneously restricts the further development and application of the diesel engine.
The exhaust emission of diesel engines has been one of the focuses of people in recent years, is also a very challenging subject in environmental engineering and internal combustion engine science, and has great significance for the development of diesel engines and the further popularization and application of diesel engines.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a diesel engine exhaust purification and heat recovery combined system, which can effectively purify diesel engine exhaust, and can recycle heat energy to save heat energy loss.
The invention relates to a diesel engine tail gas purification and heat recovery composite system, which comprises a catalytic oxidation device, a desulfurization device, a heat energy recovery device and a denitration device which are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of tail gas; the catalytic oxidation device comprises a shell I and a honeycomb-shaped ceramic carrier arranged in the shell I, wherein the honeycomb-shaped ceramic carrier comprises a honeycomb body with a plurality of air passages which are arranged in parallel and a baffle plate which is fixed in each air passage in a dislocation mode corresponding to any two adjacent air passages; a cordierite filter body is arranged on the part of the honeycomb body separated between any two adjacent air passages; the cordierite filter body is provided with a catalyst coating.
Further, the catalyst coating includes gamma-Al2O3Rare earth-transition metal composite oxide and noble metalA metal active component; the noble metal active component comprises Pt, Rh and Pd; the catalyst coating includes gamma-Al attached to the cordierite filter body2O3Coating of gamma-Al2O3Pt coating on the surface of the coating, Pd, Rh, gamma-Al adhering to the Pt coating2O3And a mixed coating of rare earth-transition metal composite oxide, which is adhered to Pd, Rh, and gamma-Al2O3And Rh, gamma-Al on the mixed coating of rare earth-transition metal composite oxide2O3And a rare earth-transition metal composite oxide mixed coating.
Further, the components and the contents of the noble metal active component are Pt15-25 parts by weight, Rh4-6 parts by weight and Pd15-20 parts by weight;
the rare earth-transition metal composite oxide comprises 30 to 70 parts by weight of ZrO230-80 parts by weight of CeO215-25 parts by weight of La2O3、Y2O3、Pr6O11、Nd2O3One or more of the above;
the Pd, Rh, gamma-Al2O3And the rare earth-transition metal composite oxide in the rare earth-transition metal composite oxide mixed coating layer comprises 50 to 60 parts by weight of ZrO225-35 parts by weight of CeO215-25 parts by weight of La2O3、Y2O3、Pr6O11、Nd2O3One or more of the above;
the Rh, gamma-Al2O3The rare earth-transition metal composite oxide in the rare earth-transition metal composite oxide mixed coating comprises 25 to 75 parts by weight of ZrO225 to 35 parts by weight of CeO220-30 parts by weight of La2O3、Y2O3、Pr6O11、Nd2O3One or more of them.
Further, the shell I is provided with an air inlet I at the lower end and an air outlet I at the upper end, and the honeycomb-shaped ceramic carrier is arranged between the air inlet I and the air outlet I; the desulfurization device comprises a shell II and a solid sodium-alkali absorbent layer arranged in the shell II; the shell II is provided with an air inlet II positioned at the upper end and an air exhaust II positioned at the lower end, the air inlet II is communicated with the air exhaust I through a vent pipe I, and the sodium-alkali absorbent layer is arranged between the air inlet II and the air exhaust II.
Furthermore, a plurality of sodium-alkali absorbent layers are arranged in the shell II from top to bottom, each sodium-alkali absorbent layer is clamped and fixed by an upper metal net positioned above the sodium-alkali absorbent layer and a lower metal net positioned below the sodium-alkali absorbent layer, and meshes of the upper metal net and meshes of the lower metal net corresponding to the same sodium-alkali absorbent layer are distributed in a staggered manner; the lower metal mesh of any sodium base absorber layer is in intimate contact with the upper metal mesh of an adjacent sodium base absorber layer.
Further, the absorbent in the sodium-alkali absorbent layer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 35-42 parts of limestone, 15-18 parts of sodium carbonate, 6-10 parts of ethanolamine compound, 4-8 parts of alkaline aluminum sulfate, 0.5-2.5 parts of calcium oxide and 6-8 parts of magnesium oxide.
Further, the heat energy recovery device comprises a first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger comprises a pipe shell and a heat exchange pipe, a heat exchange cavity is arranged in the pipe shell, the heat exchange pipe is snakelike, and a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively formed in two ends of the heat exchange pipe; the heat exchange tube penetrates through the heat exchange cavity and penetrates through the top end surface of the tube shell, so that two ends of the heat exchange tube are respectively communicated with the outside of the tube shell; the pipe shell is equipped with air inlet III that is located the left end and is located the gas vent III of right-hand member, air inlet III is linked together through breather pipe II with gas vent II.
Further, the heat energy recovery device also comprises a second heat exchanger; the second heat exchanger comprises a partition plate and an upper cavity and a lower cavity which are divided by the partition plate and are not communicated with each other, and the upper cavity and the lower cavity are arranged in parallel; the heat pipe is a graphite pipe filled with working medium and sealed at two ends, the two ends of the graphite pipe are respectively positioned in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and fins are arranged on the outer wall of the heat pipe; the left end and the right end of the upper cavity are respectively provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the left end and the right end of the lower cavity are respectively provided with an air inlet IV and an air outlet IV, and the air inlet IV is communicated with the air outlet III.
Further, the denitration device is a urea solution reaction tank provided with a reaction cavity, and the reaction cavity is communicated with an exhaust port IV through a vent pipe III; and the vent pipe III extends into the lower end of the reaction cavity, so that the tail gas reacts with the urea solution in the reaction cavity.
Furthermore, a first control valve for controlling water flow is arranged at the water inlet, a second control valve for controlling cold fluid flow is arranged at the liquid inlet, and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the waste gas in real time is arranged in the exhaust port IV; and the signal output end of the temperature sensor is connected with the signal input end of a controller of the automatic control system, and the signal input end of the first control valve and the signal input end of the second control valve are respectively connected with the first signal output end and the second signal output end of the controller.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the diesel engine tail gas purification and heat recovery composite system has a four-stage structure, the catalytic oxidation device is used for removing carbon particles and hydrocarbons, the desulfurization device is used for removing sulfur dioxide, the heat energy recovery device is used for recovering heat energy, and the denitrification device is used for removing nitrogen oxides, so that the diesel engine tail gas purification can be effectively realized, the heat energy can be recycled, and the heat energy loss is saved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of FIG. 1 at C;
fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of the automatic control system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 4: the diesel engine tail gas purification and heat recovery composite system comprises a catalytic oxidation device, a desulfurization device, a heat energy recovery device and a denitration device which are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of tail gas; the catalytic oxidation device comprises a shell I11 and a honeycomb-shaped ceramic carrier 12 arranged in the shell I11, wherein the honeycomb-shaped ceramic carrier 12 comprises a honeycomb body 12a with a plurality of air passages 13 arranged in parallel and a baffle 14 which is fixed in each air passage 13 in a dislocation manner corresponding to the position between any two adjacent air passages 13; a cordierite filter body 15 is arranged at the part of the honeycomb body 12a which is separated between any two adjacent gas passages 13; a catalyst coating is arranged on the cordierite filter body 15; the shell I11 can be cylindrical; the honeycomb ceramic carrier 12 has a three-dimensional filtering structure, the filtering area of the three-dimensional filtering structure can be increased by geometric multiples relative to a plane filtering material, and the filtering efficiency is high; the baffle 14 is positioned at one end of the air passages 13, and the baffle 14 is positioned at two ends of the two air passages 13 respectively in a staggered mode, namely in two adjacent air passages 13; therefore, the semi-closed air passage 13 can contain certain dust, so that the dust containing capacity is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional plane filtering material, the dust cleaning period can be greatly prolonged, and the maintenance frequency is reduced; the baffles 14 can also cut off the circulation of the airflow in the corresponding air passages 13, so that the airflow entering the honeycomb body 12a passes through the cordierite filter 15 between two adjacent air passages 13 to enter the adjacent air passages 13 under the blocking effect of the baffles 14, the effective filtration of all the airflow is realized, the purification efficiency is high, a plurality of baffles 14 can be arranged in the air passages 13, the airflow passes through the wall surface between the adjacent air passages 13 for multiple times to be filtered, and the particles are precipitated in the honeycomb-shaped ceramic carrier 12 by using the diffusion, interception and inertial collision mechanisms; the catalytic oxidation device, the desulfurization device, the heat energy recovery device and the denitration device can be connected together through flange structures, so that the installation and the disassembly are convenient, the independent working efficiency of each part is high, and the mutual promotion can be realized through the joint work; catalytic oxidation device is used for getting rid of carbon particle and hydrocarbon, and desulphurization unit is used for detaching sulfur dioxide, and heat recovery unit retrieves heat energy, and denitrification facility is used for getting rid of oxynitride to can effectively realize the purification of diesel engine tail gas, can carry out recycle with heat energy simultaneously, practice thrift the heat energy loss.
In this embodiment, the catalyst coating comprises gamma-Al2O3Rare earth-transition metal composite oxide and noble metal active component; the noble metal active component comprises Pt, Rh and Pd; the above-mentionedThe catalyst coating comprises gamma-Al attached to the cordierite filter body 152O3Coating of gamma-Al2O3Pt coating on the surface of the coating, Pd, Rh, gamma-Al adhering to the Pt coating2O3And a mixed coating of rare earth-transition metal composite oxide, which is adhered to Pd, Rh, and gamma-Al2O3And Rh, gamma-Al on the mixed coating of rare earth-transition metal composite oxide2O3A rare earth-transition metal composite oxide mixed coating; gamma-Al2O3Providing a high specific surface area for the noble metal active component and enhancing the adhesion to the support, and thus the gamma-Al is required2O3Specific surface area of > 280m2G, said gamma-Al2O3The thickness of the coating is preferably 20-40 μm; the rare earth-transition metal composite oxide is used as an oxygen storage material, and is preferably a cerium-zirconium-containing composite oxide; the components and contents of the noble metal active component are Pt15-25 parts by weight, Rh4-6 parts by weight and Pd15-20 parts by weight; the rare earth-transition metal composite oxide comprises 30 to 70 parts by weight of ZrO230-80 parts by weight of CeO215-25 parts by weight of La2O3、Y2O3、Pr6O11、Nd2O3One or more of the above; the Pd, Rh, gamma-Al2O3And the rare earth-transition metal composite oxide in the rare earth-transition metal composite oxide mixed coating layer comprises 50 to 60 parts by weight of ZrO225-35 parts by weight of CeO215-25 parts by weight of La2O3、Y2O3、Pr6O11、Nd2O3One or more of the above; the Rh, gamma-Al2O3The rare earth-transition metal composite oxide in the rare earth-transition metal composite oxide mixed coating comprises 25 to 75 parts by weight of ZrO225 to 35 parts by weight of CeO220-30 parts by weight of La2O3、Y2O3、Pr6O11、Nd2O3One or more of the above; the catalyst is prepared by mixing porous ceramic carrier and gamma-Al2O3Is selected according to the properties ofThe catalyst can ensure that the noble metal active component keeps high dispersibility and stable catalytic effect, further can meet the oxygen storage capacity, can also ensure the high activity of catalytic reduction oxynitride and the high-temperature aging resistance of the noble metal active component by reasonably regulating and controlling the components and proportion of the noble metal active component and combining different coatings by matching with rare earth-transition metal composite oxide, and achieves better catalytic effect, thereby ensuring that products using the catalyst can meet the high-standard emission requirement.
In this embodiment, the casing i 11 is provided with an air inlet i 11a at the lower end and an air outlet i 11b at the upper end, and the honeycomb ceramic carrier 12 is arranged between the air inlet i 11a and the air outlet i 11 b; the desulfurization device comprises a shell II 21 and a solid sodium-alkali absorbent layer 22 arranged in the shell II 21; the shell II 21 is provided with an air inlet II 21a at the upper end and an air outlet II 21b at the lower end, the air inlet II 21a is communicated with the air outlet I11 b through a vent pipe I81, and the sodium-alkali absorbent layer 22 is arranged between the air inlet II 21a and the air outlet II 21 b; the air inlet I11 a is connected with a tail gas discharge port 9 of the diesel engine; the sodium-alkali absorber layer 22 mainly uses Na2CO3As initial absorbent with SO in the tail gas2And H2O reacts chemically to generate Na2SO3Then with SO2Reaction to produce NaHSO3(ii) a The sodium-alkali method is adopted, a solid absorbent is adopted, the limitation of alkali sources is small, the transportation and the storage are convenient, and the problem of ammonium mist generated by volatilization of the absorbent in the gas washing process is avoided because cations are non-volatile, so that the alkali consumption is small; meanwhile, the liquid absorbent can absorb the heat of the tail gas, so that the heat recovery efficiency of the subsequent tail gas is reduced, the problem is avoided by using the solid sodium-alkali absorbent, and compared with a method using potash, the source of sodium-alkali is rich and the price is much cheaper than that of potash; the sodium-alkali absorbent has large absorption capacity and small dosage, and can obtain better treatment effect.
In this embodiment, a plurality of sodium-alkali absorbent layers 22 are arranged in the housing ii 21 from top to bottom, each sodium-alkali absorbent layer 22 is held and fixed by an upper metal mesh 23 located above the sodium-alkali absorbent layer 22 and a lower metal mesh 24 located below the sodium-alkali absorbent layer 22, and meshes of the upper metal mesh 23 and meshes of the lower metal mesh 24 corresponding to the same sodium-alkali absorbent layer 22 are distributed in a staggered manner; the lower wire mesh 24 of any sodium alkali absorbent layer 22 is in intimate contact with the upper wire mesh 23 of the adjacent sodium alkali absorbent layer 22; the sodium base absorbent layer 22 may be, for example, 5-8 layers; the shell II 21 is cylindrical, and the sodium-alkali absorbent layer 22 is arranged perpendicular to the axis of the shell II 21; the sodium-alkali absorbent layer 22 is fixed between the upper metal mesh 23 and the lower metal mesh 24, so that effective fixation is realized, and the solid sodium-alkali absorbent is prevented from falling off; in this embodiment, the absorbent in the sodium-alkali absorbent layer 22 may include the following raw material components in parts by weight: 35-42 parts of limestone, 15-18 parts of sodium carbonate, 6-10 parts of ethanolamine compound, 4-8 parts of alkaline aluminum sulfate, 0.5-2.5 parts of calcium oxide and 6-8 parts of magnesium oxide. Preferably, the component can be 38 parts of limestone, 16 parts of sodium carbonate, 8 parts of ethanolamine compound, 6 parts of basic aluminum sulfate, 1.5 parts of calcium oxide and 7 parts of magnesium oxide. When in manufacturing, all the components are ground, the granularity is less than 5mm, and the components are uniformly stirred; limestone and sodium carbonate are decomposed into calcium oxide and sodium oxide at high temperature, and the calcium oxide and the sodium oxide can be combined with sulfur to become main substances for absorbing sulfur; the ethanol amine compound is used as a corrosion inhibitor to reduce the corrosion to metal; magnesium oxide has the property of containing sulfur species. The absorbent has surface activity and strong catalytic oxidation desulfurization capability, and can contain sulfur substances.
In this embodiment, the heat energy recovery device includes a first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger includes a tube shell 31 and a heat exchange tube 32, a heat exchange cavity 33 is arranged inside the tube shell 31, the heat exchange tube 32 is serpentine, and a water inlet 32a and a water outlet 32b are respectively arranged at two ends of the heat exchange tube 32; the heat exchange tube 32 penetrates through the heat exchange cavity 33 and penetrates through the top end surface of the tube shell 31, so that two ends of the heat exchange tube 32 are respectively communicated with the outside of the tube shell 31; the pipe shell 31 is provided with an air inlet III 31a positioned at the left end and an air outlet III 31b positioned at the right end, and the air inlet III 31a is communicated with the air outlet II 21b through a vent pipe II 82; the serpentine heat exchange tube 32 has a large heat exchange area and a good heat exchange effect; in order to improve the heat transfer coefficient, a plurality of spoilers can be arranged in the heat exchange cavity 33 to enhance the turbulence degree of the tail gas and force the tail gas to contact the heat exchange tube 32 for a plurality of times.
In this embodiment, the thermal energy recovery device further includes a second heat exchanger; the second heat exchanger comprises a partition plate 41 and an upper cavity 42 and a lower cavity 43 which are divided by the partition plate 41 and are not communicated with each other, wherein the upper cavity 42 and the lower cavity 43 are arranged in parallel; a heat pipe 44 is fixedly arranged on the partition plate 41, the heat pipe 44 is a graphite pipe filled with working medium and sealed at two ends, the two ends of the heat pipe are respectively positioned in the upper cavity 42 and the lower cavity 43, and fins 45 are arranged on the outer wall of the heat pipe 44; a liquid inlet 42a and a liquid outlet 42b are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the upper cavity 42, an air inlet IV 43a and an air outlet IV 43b are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the lower cavity 43, and the air inlet IV 43a is communicated with the air outlet III 31 b; the heat pipe 44 transfers heat by means of phase change, so that the internal thermal resistance of the heat pipe 44 is small, and a large heat transfer rate can be obtained with a small temperature difference; the graphite has good thermal conductivity, good chemical stability, plasticity and thermal shock resistance, and can resist acid, alkali and organic solvent corrosion; the fins 45 can increase the heat exchange area and improve the heat exchange effect.
In the embodiment, the denitration device is a urea solution reaction tank 51 provided with a reaction cavity 52, and the reaction cavity 52 is communicated with an exhaust port IV 43b through a vent pipe III 83; the vent pipe III extends into the lower end of the reaction cavity 52, so that the tail gas reacts with the urea solution in the reaction cavity 52; the reaction temperature of the urea solution is 30-40 ℃, and the urea is selected to remove NOxThe efficiency of the reaction can reach 99.95 percent, and the temperature of the waste gas after heat exchange has the temperature suitable for the waste gas, thereby improving the reaction efficiency; the urea solution is a reducing agent and fully reacts with the waste gas in the reaction tank, and the nitrogen oxides in the waste gas form nitrogen and water through oxidation-reduction reaction; after the heat energy of the exhaust gas is recycled by the heat pipe 44, the exhaust gas is introduced into the urea solution through the vent pipe III to generate an oxidation-reduction reaction between the exhaust gas and the urea solution, nitrogen and water are generated, and the gas is discharged into the atmosphere.
In this embodiment, the water inlet 32a is provided with a first control valve 61 for controlling water flow, the liquid inlet is provided with a second control valve 62 for controlling cold fluid flow, and the exhaust port iv 43b is provided with a temperature sensor 63 for detecting exhaust gas temperature in real time; the signal output end of the temperature sensor 63 is connected with the signal input end of a controller 64 of an automatic control system, and the signal input end of the first control valve 61 and the signal input end of the second control valve 62 are respectively connected with the first signal output end and the second signal output end of the controller 64; the controller 64 is a single chip; the first control valve 61 and the second control valve 62 are both in an electric control valve structure; the temperature sensor 63 detects the temperature of the exhaust gas at the exhaust port IV 43b in real time, and when the temperature exceeds the preset value of the controller 64, the controller 64 sends a flow increasing signal to the first control valve 61 and the second control valve 62 so as to rapidly reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas; when the exhaust gas temperature is lower than the preset value of the controller 64, the controller 64 sends a signal for reducing the flow rate to the first control valve 61 and the second control valve 62 to increase the exhaust gas temperature, so that the exhaust gas is suitable for reaction in the urea solution reaction tank 51.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a diesel engine tail gas purification and heat recovery combined system which characterized in that: the device comprises a catalytic oxidation device, a desulfurization device, a heat energy recovery device and a denitration device which are sequentially arranged along the flowing direction of tail gas; the catalytic oxidation device comprises a shell I and a honeycomb-shaped ceramic carrier arranged in the shell I, wherein the honeycomb-shaped ceramic carrier comprises a honeycomb body with a plurality of air passages which are arranged in parallel and a baffle plate which is fixed in each air passage in a dislocation mode corresponding to any two adjacent air passages; a cordierite filter body is arranged on the part of the honeycomb body separated between any two adjacent air passages; a catalyst coating is arranged on the cordierite filter body;
the shell I is provided with an air inlet I positioned at the lower end and an air outlet I positioned at the upper end, and the honeycomb ceramic carrier is arranged between the air inlet I and the air outlet I; the desulfurization device comprises a shell II and a solid sodium-alkali absorbent layer arranged in the shell II; the shell II is provided with an air inlet II positioned at the upper end and an air outlet II positioned at the lower end, the air inlet II is communicated with the air outlet I through a vent pipe I, and the sodium-alkali absorbent layer is arranged between the air inlet II and the air outlet II;
a plurality of sodium-alkali absorbent layers are arranged in the shell II from top to bottom, each sodium-alkali absorbent layer is clamped and fixed by an upper metal net positioned above the sodium-alkali absorbent layer and a lower metal net positioned below the sodium-alkali absorbent layer, and meshes of the upper metal net and meshes of the lower metal net corresponding to the same sodium-alkali absorbent layer are distributed in a staggered manner; the lower metal net of any sodium-base absorbent layer is closely contacted with the upper metal net of the adjacent sodium-base absorbent layer;
the heat energy recovery device comprises a first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger comprises a pipe shell and a heat exchange pipe, a heat exchange cavity is arranged in the pipe shell, the heat exchange pipe is snakelike, and a water inlet and a water outlet are formed in two ends of the heat exchange pipe respectively; the heat exchange tube penetrates through the heat exchange cavity and penetrates through the top end surface of the tube shell, so that two ends of the heat exchange tube are respectively communicated with the outside of the tube shell; the shell is provided with an air inlet III positioned at the left end and an air outlet III positioned at the right end, and the air inlet III is communicated with the air outlet II through an air pipe II;
the heat energy recovery device further comprises a second heat exchanger; the second heat exchanger comprises a partition plate and an upper cavity and a lower cavity which are divided by the partition plate and are not communicated with each other, and the upper cavity and the lower cavity are arranged in parallel; the heat pipe is a graphite pipe filled with working medium and sealed at two ends, the two ends of the graphite pipe are respectively positioned in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and fins are arranged on the outer wall of the heat pipe; the left end and the right end of the upper cavity are respectively provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the left end and the right end of the lower cavity are respectively provided with an air inlet IV and an air outlet IV, and the air inlet IV is communicated with the air outlet III.
2. The diesel exhaust purification and heat recovery combined system of claim 1, wherein: the catalyst coating comprises gamma-Al2O3Rare earth-transition metal composite oxide and noble metal active component; the noble metal active component comprises Pt, Rh and Pd; the catalyst coating includes gamma-Al attached to the cordierite filter body2O3Coating of gamma-Al2O3Pt coating on the surface of the coating, Pd, Rh, gamma-Al adhering to the Pt coating2O3And a mixed coating of rare earth-transition metal composite oxide, which is adhered to Pd, Rh, and gamma-Al2O3And Rh, gamma-Al on the mixed coating of rare earth-transition metal composite oxide2O3And a rare earth-transition metal composite oxide mixed coating.
3. The diesel exhaust purification and heat recovery combined system of claim 2, wherein: the components and contents of the noble metal active component are Pt15-25 parts by weight, Rh4-6 parts by weight and Pd15-20 parts by weight;
the rare earth-transition metal composite oxide comprises 30 to 70 parts by weight of ZrO230-80 parts by weight of CeO215-25 parts by weight of La2O3、Y2O3、Pr6O11、Nd2O3One or more of the above;
the Pd, Rh, gamma-Al2O3And the rare earth-transition metal composite oxide in the rare earth-transition metal composite oxide mixed coating layer comprises 50 to 60 parts by weight of ZrO225-35 parts by weight of CeO215-25 parts by weight of La2O3、Y2O3、Pr6O11、Nd2O3One or more of the above;
the Rh, gamma-Al2O3The rare earth-transition metal composite oxide in the rare earth-transition metal composite oxide mixed coating comprises 25 to 75 parts by weight of ZrO225 to 35 parts by weight of CeO220-30 parts by weight of La2O3、Y2O3、Pr6O11、Nd2O3One or more of them.
4. The diesel exhaust purification and heat recovery combined system of claim 1, wherein: the absorbent in the sodium-alkali absorbent layer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 35-42 parts of limestone, 15-18 parts of sodium carbonate, 6-10 parts of ethanolamine compound, 4-8 parts of alkaline aluminum sulfate, 0.5-2.5 parts of calcium oxide and 6-8 parts of magnesium oxide.
5. The diesel exhaust purification and heat recovery combined system of claim 1, wherein: the denitration device is a urea solution reaction tank provided with a reaction cavity, and the reaction cavity is communicated with the exhaust port IV through a vent pipe III; and the vent pipe III extends into the lower end of the reaction cavity, so that the tail gas reacts with the urea solution in the reaction cavity.
6. The diesel exhaust purification and heat recovery combined system of claim 5, wherein: the water inlet is provided with a first control valve for controlling water flow, the liquid inlet is provided with a second control valve for controlling cold fluid flow, and the exhaust port IV is internally provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of exhaust gas in real time; and the signal output end of the temperature sensor is connected with the signal input end of a controller of the automatic control system, and the signal input end of the first control valve and the signal input end of the second control valve are respectively connected with the first signal output end and the second signal output end of the controller.
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| US6871489B2 (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2005-03-29 | Arvin Technologies, Inc. | Thermal management of exhaust systems |
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| CN2131988Y (en) * | 1992-01-09 | 1993-05-05 | 杨庆福 | Fin warm-air machine for vehicle |
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