CN106677196A - Slope mixing forming ecological protection method - Google Patents
Slope mixing forming ecological protection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106677196A CN106677196A CN201710091026.5A CN201710091026A CN106677196A CN 106677196 A CN106677196 A CN 106677196A CN 201710091026 A CN201710091026 A CN 201710091026A CN 106677196 A CN106677196 A CN 106677196A
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- bamboo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of slope protection and provides a slope mixing forming ecological protection method for solving the series problems that the damage recovery rate is high, and the protection efficiency is gradually reduced in the prior art. The slope mixing forming ecological protection method includes the steps that A, a temporary protection measure is set, wherein the temporary protection measure is established through a simple engineering structure in the engineering building stage and the initial operation stage; and B, a permanent protection measure is set, wherein after the temporary protection measure is established, an ecological vegetation planting forest is adopted for establishing the permanent protection measure to make the engineering operation stage achieve expected safety protection. The temporary protection measure includes a simple engineering structure, and the temporary protection measure is used for achieving a protection function before the permanent protection measure does not achieve the protection capability; and the permanent protection measure includes the ecological vegetation planting forest. The slope mixing forming ecological protection method is easy to maintain, the engineering quality and the ecological efficiency are balanced, meanwhile, better environment benefits are achieved, and the maintenance cost and the input cost are reduced to the maximum degree.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to slope protection technology field, and in particular to a kind of slope blendes together type ecological protection method.
Background technology
The domatic falling rocks of mountain highway upslope generally there is thing source not know, generates multi-point and wide-ranging, generation suddenly, is difficult
The features such as discovering and hide, be difficult to or even cannot eradicate, falling rocks causes calamity accident to occur repeatedly, and is the weight of bottom row car pedestrains safety
Big hidden danger, very great society pressure is caused to government and Competent Authorities of Transport and Communications, be also result in traffic technique personnel very big tired
Disturb, therefore preventing and treating problems demand is solved.
Since last century the nineties, the domatic disaster such as collapse rock-fall is renovated using active and passive soft protecting net
It is developing progressively as conventional practice.Conventional SNS soft protecting nets are used as passive web frame.Structure by steel column and (it is upper and lower,
Side) anchor, wire rope net and suture rope, supporting rope, pressure-reducing ring composition are drawn, especially by wire rope net therein, supporting rope and decompression
Ring and column agency are coupled etc. with the use of structural flexibility is given, intercept load produced during falling rocks first by netting,
The buffering of supporting rope, then transmit to total diffusion, additionally promote structure to occur that deformation can be recovered, to extend collision effect
Time, reach and absorb and dissipation energy, the purpose of interception falling rocks.According to the difference for building site condition or protection requirements, structure
Composition it is different, thus passive protection net can be divided into RX, CX and AX three types.For other mesh in process of construction
, the passive protection of other materials can also be adopted, naturally it is also possible to using window curtain type protection network, control the falling rocks activity of local
Scope.But practice proves that again and again its defect is projected very much, and the determination that is difficult in such as falling rocks thing source and protective range causes protection works
Both uneconomical protection effect or usually for one thing cited, ten thousand may have been left out.First, according to passive SNS protection networks, not only its protection face on facade
Too wide, engineering protection efficiency is low, deficiency in economic performance, and with regard to seeing on vertical section, because common protection network is usually no more than 5m, falls
Stone still easily gets over net and still causes disaster, even all can not still reach the mesh that protection effect is substantially improved using the protection of 2~3 roads
's；Second, according to window curtain type SNS protection networks, equally still there is that protection object is clearly difficult, project scale is excessive, cost
It is too high, the problems such as maintenance difficulties are big；3rd, according to wall of passively blocking, pros and cons are similar with passive net, except with material difference
；Active network is such as adopted, its effect is substantially similar with window curtain type protection network.Therefore i other words, solved using engineering structure such
Disaster problem, has that usage cycles are short, the damage phase highly overlaps with the protection phase, high, protection efficiency progressively drops to damage repair rate
Low series of problems, also it is unfavorable for ecology and environmental protection, it is hard defects for tourist district's construction.
Trace it to its cause, summary gets up substantially there are four：The means of prevention of fixed position is difficult to match and adapt to slope superficial
The development and change of transformation；Pipe supports maintenance not as good as causing falling rocks removing in net to be difficult, and more later stage protection effect more gives a discount；Falling rocks scale is more
Sample, energy level frequency spectrum are too wide, and flexible net is difficult in adapt to caused structural upright and is subject to pound turn over or pound curved, wire side cracky；Flexible net is high
Spend falling rocks Jing caused by low or landform reason often to cross protection network and cause calamity, safeguard structure does not have design effect.Summarize just
It is the presence of the subproblems such as protection effect is not good enough, maintenance cost is higher, the foster Comparision of later stage pipe is loaded down with trivial details.In recent years, although send out
Open up and apply window curtain type protection network, some defects of active and passive net are improved, but because congenital reason is still present not
Foot, the protection energy level of such as protection network is not still solved with the matching problem of falling rocks energy level frequency spectrum, then structural failure problem is same
Can occur often, also, it still cannot be avoided later stage loaded down with trivial details maintenance, maintenance, and the emergency repair after destroying, Ke Nengzao
Into crucial moment chain-taking, do not use when needing, it appears protective capacities and effect are had a greatly reduced quality.So, development or exploitation are a kind of
Protection effect is good, and the simple geological hazards on escarpments and slopes guard system of maintenance seems more urgent.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve at least one of technical problem present in above prior art, there is provided Yi Zhongfang
Shield effect is good, and maintenance is simple, and the slope of influence ecological environment does not blend together type ecological protection method.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of slope blendes together type ecological protection method, including step：
A, setting temporary preventive measure：Simple engineering works are taken to set up temporary preventive measure；
B, setting permanent protection measure：It is anti-to make operation of engineering projects reach expected safety after temporary preventive measure is set up
Shield, using ecological vegetation kind plantation permanent protection measure is set up；
The temporary preventive measure includes Simple engineering works, and the temporary preventive measure is used in permanent protection measure
Do not formed and play before protective capacities safeguard function；The permanent protection measure includes ecological vegetation kind plantation.
Further improvement be, the Simple engineering works be active network, passive net, window curtain type protection network, wall of blocking,
Block stake or damping stake.
Further improvement is that the ecological vegetation kind plantation is made up of some ecological vegetations, and ecological vegetation is with scattered
Raw dense planting, growth rapidity, the longitudinal fiber rod-type vegetation of weatherability.
Further improvement is that the longitudinal fiber rod-type vegetation is scattered bamboo grove, bamboo osiery or China fir woods.
Further improvement is that the suitable slope transverse width in ecological vegetation plantation forest zone domain is more than falling rocks disaster occurrence scope
Transverse width, the suitable slope lengthwise position of the ecological vegetation kind plantation is arranged according to the movement locus of clinoform and falling rocks；When
When slope shelving is linear type or matrix, ecological vegetation kind plantation is set below falling rocks slump point region, shelving is when slope
During convex, ecological vegetation kind plantation is set in salient position region, and falling rocks slump point arranges life below salient position region
State vegetation kind plantation.
Further improvement is that, when the ecological vegetation is scattered bamboo grove, the permanent protection measure is by following
What mode was arranged：
(1)：Being determined according to droping route needs to arrange the region of scattered bamboo grove, is grown according to expected from scattered bamboo grove
Region, determines the planting area of scattered bamboo grove；
(2)：In all of planting area, according to the growth characteristics of Scattered bamboos, with reference to the protective capacities of interim measures, will plant
Scattered bamboo grove in growing area domain is divided into some plantation bamboo groups, and each plantation bamboo group is divided into into some plantation bamboo rafts, selectes every
The spacing of adjacent bamboo strain in individual plantation bamboo raft.
Further improvement is, when the scattered bamboo grove is arranged on warm temperate zone to subtropical zones, the adjacent plantation bamboo
The group spacing of group is 5~10 meters, and the trestle column of adjacent plantation bamboo raft is 1 meter~1.5 meters in each plantation bamboo group, plants bamboo raft
The spacing of interior adjacent bamboo strain is 1 meter~1.5 meters, and the arrangement mode of the plantation bamboo raft is quincunx.
Further improvement is that the height of bamboo strain is moved according to slope shelving, the scale of falling rocks, falling rocks diameter and falling rocks
Path selecting, for the purpose of the falling rocks that can block.
Further improvement is, when the bamboo of bamboo strain is preced with the motion path of falling rocks, the height of the bamboo strain is 10~
15 meters, a diameter of 3~4 centimetres of the bamboo strain.
The present invention is relative to the beneficial effect of prior art：The slope of the present invention blendes together type ecological protection method by right
Sloped region surrounding area slope vegetation growth, cover, and falling rocks disaster development, cause the condition of a disaster condition investigation, analyze and grind
Study carefully, with reference to the engineering experience in terms of the active and passive safeguard structure in slope, summary has been refined using Simple engineering works as interim
Protection, the longitudinal fiber trunk body of rod after being grown into forest using bamboo and wood blendes together passive-type ecological protection as permanent protection structure
Structure；Built environment ecological protection is solved the problems, such as, solves the problems, such as that engineering structure is difficult in maintenance, solve construction costs
High problem is persistently put into, damage phase and protection same period phase is solved, solve that engineering structure protection effect progressively successively decreases asks
Topic.The slope of the present invention blendes together type ecological protection method and refers to meet engineering construction and human being's production living needs, maximum
Degree ground is utilized and conservation of nature geological environment, in the recent with the passive nets of engineering structure such as SNS, curtain of Construction Phase
Formula protection network, wall of blocking, damping stake etc. pass through to arrange ecological vegetation as temporary preventive measure in the long term in operation of engineering projects stage
Such as Scattered bamboos, grow thickly Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. so as to go to generate and cover slope by design idea to reach the anti-of domatic falling rocks geological disaster
Shield effect, have fixing water and soil, the ability of water conservation concurrently, so that giving full play to most with long term different safeguard structures in the recent period
Big effect, tries hard to make engineering more optimize with the combination of economy, finally forms three-dimensional, ecological domatic geology calamity at a specified future date
Guard system is done harm to, and vegetation takes root in the ecological protective screen protection effect for acting on oblique slope stability, prevents so as to reach preferable slope
The effect of shield.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 position views of permanent protection measure on slope when slope shelving is matrix.
Fig. 2 position views of permanent protection measure on slope when slope shelving is linear type.
Fig. 3 position views of permanent protection measure on slope when slope shelving is convex.
The cross section of the existing Scattered bamboos of Fig. 4 with concentric layer structural representation.
The surface fiber arrangement architecture schematic diagram of the existing Scattered bamboos of Fig. 5.
L is the ecological vegetation kind plantation of the present invention along the longitudinally disposed width in slope (or falling rocks disaster slump point in accompanying drawing
Scope), L1<L2<L3<L3+L3 ＇.
Wherein, corresponding reference is that 1- Rolling Stones, 2- matrixs slope, the scattered bamboo groves of 3-, 4- linear types are oblique in accompanying drawing
Slope, 5- salient positions region, 6- salient positions region lower section falling rocks slump point.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments technical scheme is described in detail with accompanying drawing, it should be noted that with
Under be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the invention structure
On the premise of think of, some deformations and improvement can also be made, these should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
First, Scattered bamboos the present invention blend together type ecological protection system and in means of defence availability analysis
Environmental vegetation type is a lot, selects bamboo class why, and in bamboo apoplexy due to endogenous wind Scattered bamboos are selected why again, moreover even if
Scattered bamboos, China is the center of world Scattered bamboos distribution, also nearly 300 kinds of scattered bamboo kind, also not all to be suitable for
As guard system vegetation.The advantageous advantage that Scattered bamboos have in terms of ecological protection system is specifically described below.
(1) scattered dense planting
The present invention be by the use of bamboo the body of rod as passive shock proof safeguard structure, so, bamboo stalk must be in certain of bamboo grove
Combination in width range forms tight, overall passive anti-collision body, it is desirable to which bamboo grove has dense planting, it is impossible to there is larger seam
Gap allows falling rocks to pass through, and it is also to select Scattered bamboos as the main reason of ecological protection system main material that this is, is such as grown thickly
Bamboo does not then possess dense planting.
(2) shock resistance rigidity, intensity and toughness
Due to being that bamboo pole is used as into anti-collision body, it requires that the body of rod should possess certain diameter so that when falling rocks is resisted
With certain rigidity and intensity, generally diameter is the bigger the better, Jing investigations, the bamboo grove of most diameter 3-4cm domatic
Can not be severed by falling rocks, pound and turn over.Further, anti-collision body should possess certain intensity and toughness so that possess when resisting falling rocks
Its impact energy can not only be eliminated, moreover it is possible to guarantee that itself is not damaged as far as possible, so as to long-term effectiveness, certainly, in this respect bamboo has day
Right advantage, it has the architectural feature of bamboo fibre tube bank and special layer distributed from the outside to the core as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, has
Special hollow nodular structure, with the feature etc. for pressing bending direction adjustment fiber tube bank distribution, therefore with good intensity and
Toughness.Secondly, the bamboo branch of bamboo forms thick adhesive layer on bamboo pole, when falling rocks and bamboo branch are collided, because of a large amount of bamboo branch, and
The elasticity and toughness of bamboo hat, defines well cushion, can greatly reduce the movement velocity of falling rocks, changes movement locus,
So that dropping nearby and in the stable bamboo grove on domatic.
(3) vegetation height of bamboo grove
The main material of ecological protection system should possess certain height to intercept falling rocks, Scattered bamboos typically in more than 10m, much
More than the specification (3*4,4*4,4*5) of general SNS flexible net, indivedual Scattered bamboos are highly even up to 30m, so height and bamboo
The protective capacities of the stero of row on a large scale on woods face are flexible net, wall of blocking cannot mention in the same breath.
(4) weatherability of Scattered bamboos
Scattered bamboos have preferable low temperature resistant, Drought resistance.Although bamboo is the warm moisture loving plant of happiness, have greatly in warm temperate zone
Amount distribution, also has part bamboo class also can survive in semiarid cool region, and geographically north and south is clearly demarcated, and thing is different, sea
Pull out from low to high that also difference substantially, grows thickly bamboo grove and Scattered bamboos standing forest circle significantly, Sichuan then due to climatic factor, in Cluster Bamboo
With the mixed raw forest zone scope of Scattered bamboos.So, for vegetation is compared with the semiarid or cool region for being difficult to survive, domatic falling rocks calamity
Evil problem itself is projected very much, finds suitable survival, and can be played the bamboo class vegetation of slope protection effect and seemed effect protrusion, this
It is also one of inherent advantage that Scattered bamboos are used as ecological protection system material.Phyllostachys Scattered bamboos typically can be at -6 DEG C~-12 DEG C
The region survival of (January mean minimum temperature), or even part Contralateral C_7 and Bashania can be -6 DEG C~-12 DEG C (January
Mean minimum temperature) survive under weather；For bamboo grove existence, annual precipitation is important indicator, only minority classification, and such as Yunnan is high
Drought period, is tided in the Longling of Li Gongshan, non-irrigated wet clear-cut, local Dendrocalamus serictus (Koxb.) Neess Jing long-term evolutions development, winter fallen leaves dormancy.
(5) growth rapidity
Bamboo class modes of reproduction is mainly asexual underground stem breeding, also can be by breeding of blooming, usually rhizomatous
Director Radix Crotalariae szemoensis between flagellum, after spring rain, in 24 hours can jointing 1-2cm, 50 days or so bamboo sprout can Cheng Zhu, and bamboo stalk is once
Property grows into bamboo, and usual 4-5 can grow into forest, therefore can quickly form protective capacities as ecological protection system using bamboo.
(6) ecological and economy
Bamboo is evergreen all the year round, and branch and leaf are luxuriant, dramatically different with seeds in terms of soil moisture, water conservation is kept, and it has sends out
The root system for reaching, even if cutting down aerial partss, subterraneous stem can also grow Hsinchu, prevent soil desertification and prevention soil and water loss
Desirable plants.Secondly, it was found that bamboo can also discharge 35% oxygen more compared with other plant, to purify air, stablize big
Gas composition is played an important role, and once has ecologist to appeal to allow bamboo to help planet Earth.Additionally, bamboo can be applicable to building,
The aspects such as light industry, new material, packaging, transport, furniture, food, medicine, health care, environmental protection, with higher economic worth, application
If proper, protection and maintenance can reach it is self-sufficient, bring out the best in each other.
The ecological protection of the present invention forms phase about 3-4, therefore vegetation should possess that lateral diffusion is fast, body growth is fast, the body of rod
The element characteristic such as density is big, fibre strength is high, be thick with leaves.Scattered bamboos almost possess above-mentioned all advantages, unfortunately, its ground
Lower rhizome-root system is shallower, normally only 20-40cm, can be equipped with the development of underground rhizome system deep, and fixing water and soil ability is superpower
Vegetation, forms mixed forest, then protection effect will be more preferable.
Development with regard to blending together type ecological protection system, one is the development of engineering system, and when the wing is thought, two is ecological vegetation
The development of system, when thinking this.Ecological vegetation system development essentially consists in weatherability-cold-resistant and drought-enduring.
Just generally, the cold tolerance of bamboo is Scattered bamboos>Mix raw bamboo>Cluster Bamboo is Phyllostachys pubescens Mazei ex H.de Lebaie, firm bamboo, light in Scattered bamboos
Several class winter resistances such as bamboo are stronger, so, the probability for continuing to move northward in bamboo kind popularization, improved, process is bigger.With regard to bamboo
Freezing tolerance research is relatively fewer, and is concentrated mainly on freeze injury field, but pleasurable, since the nineties, plant
Low temperature resistant research have been enter into molecular level, also, the change in protein, the component of plant Membrane protective system and activity with plant
The aspects such as thing cold damage, the relation of Cold exposed plant cold resistance power change obtain greater advance.Scientists are ground to cold resistant molecule
Study carefully mainly using 3 kinds of research methoies：Cold Hardening separates Cold-inducible protein gene；Screen freeze proof mutant；Position on chromosome cold-resistant
Gene, raising cellular anti-oxidant capacity, stable cytoskeleton etc..At present, the research to bamboo genome measure work is opened up
Open, the explanation of more scientific system can be obtained to the molecule mechanism of Cold Endurance of Bamboo in the near future, in bamboo Cold resistant genes work
Further success is obtained in journey, transgenic cold-resistant new varieties are obtained, spread is planted and should in actual production with profit
With exploitation.
It is also that ecological protection system vegetation well uses material in the bamboo willow of semiarid region successful introduction in terms of drought tolerance,
Also direction is guided for the development of ecological protection system vegetation simultaneously.Bamboo willow is Salicaceae sallow, and deciduous tree, the height of tree is reachable
More than 20m, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, up to 1m, is polygenic combination hybrid new breed, is formed by the cold bamboo in the U.S., korean willow, osier willow selection cross,
Have the good characteristic of willow and bamboo concurrently, hence obtain one's name.Green during bark children, relatively smooth, yellowish-brown when old, leaf lanceolar, class
Like bamboo, single leaf alternate.The seeds are less demanding to weather, edaphic condition, with stronger pest-resistant, anti-saline-alkali property, Zhang Jian etc.
People's research shows, pH value 8.0~8.5 and salinity are up in the case of 14000mg/L still normal growth, in lake beach, salt
All can transplant alkali.Cold-resistant, it is anti-flood, drought-resistant ability it is also relatively strong, can under -30~-40 DEG C of low temperature and 40 DEG C of conditions of high temperature
Normal growth.Bamboo willow introduction and Experiment is also shown that its survival rate is up to 98%, and well developed root system, tree body is logical straight, and drought-resistant ability is strong, year
1.3~1.95cm of height growth, year 191.37~217.7cm of height increment, with growth is quick, adaptability and resistance
The quick growing species of trees of the features such as by force, easily planting easy pipe.Additionally, the mixed life between different vegetation so that its biological function is complementary, Ke Nenggeng
Ecological protection system can be promoted to play good effect, such as bamboo can resist rock-fall impact, and well developed root system can hold water and soil, but lack
It is that root system is shallow to fall into, helpless for slope deep stability, then more perfect if any this bamboo kind or seeds interplanting, such as Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook..
2nd, the safeguard structure mechanism of action of the invention
(1) bamboo branch and Folium Bambusae have viscous damping mechanics characteristic
The branch of Scattered bamboos is carried out, and Folium Bambusae is dense, and the bamboo hat distribution of single bamboo is big, and bamboo branch and bamboo shoot are with very strong
Elasticity, bamboo stalk is with bamboo hat without obvious geometrical limits.So, during falling rocks is resisted, as long as falling rocks is not touched with bamboo stalk
Hit, then can simplify and be considered as falling rocks and bamboo hat and have an effect.Also, because bamboo branch, the relative rock-fall impact of bamboo shoot produce passive change
The elastic strain energy of shape is obviously too little than the energy of falling rocks, so can be considered bamboo branch, the bamboo shoot in bamboo hat on mechanical mechanism
Viscous damping effect is produced to falling rocks.Therefore bamboo branch, Folium Bambusae may be regarded as viscoid in this ecosystem, had by viscosity mechanics principle
Equation below：
Wherein：σ is stress, and η is the coefficient of viscosity,For strain gradient.
By Newton's second law：
F=ma........................ formula (2) and formula (1) and standing balance relation,
HaveWherein：For falling rocks volume,
ρ is falling rocks block density, and S is falling rocks motion vector direction projected area, and f (a), f (b) are respectively projected area most
Area density function of the big position to motion vector direction.
It can be seen that when stress is constant, velocity gradient is bigger, strain gradient is bigger, and they are proportional, in other words, when bamboo branch, bamboo
The tip is closeer, and the coefficient of viscosity is bigger, and the velocity gradient (acceleration) in balanced type is less, shows that its drag for providing or retardance add
Speed is bigger.Because model have ignored the buoyancy effect of bamboo branch and bamboo shoot, then result is content to retain sovereignty over a part of the country complete.
(2) Elasticity characteristic behavior of the bamboo stalk under collision effect
In falling rocks motor process, except bamboo branch, bamboo shoot give its active force, cut down in a large number outside its speed, it is also possible to bamboo stalk
The effect of colliding, this process be both likely to occur in speed reduce after, it is also possible to occur do not meet with bamboo shoot, bamboo branch it
Before.
Bamboo wood is mainly made up of bamboo fiber, lignin, pentosan, pectin, bamboo powder etc., with the outer masterpiece of good opposing
Performance, including tensile strength, comprcssive strength, MOR and shearing resistance, hardness, shock resistance etc., especially because its
Biological cell with proper alignment, and fairly regular tube wall form, in addition unique hollow ring+curved surface tuberal parts knot
Structure so as to which, with highly stable performance and good specific strength and specific stiffness, existing test data is as follows according to collecting
Table 1, showing that bamboo stalk itself has in high-strength mechanical property, and falling rocks motion will reach sluggish falling rocks with colony's rod member combination
The purpose of speed, therefore, falling rocks causes the bad probability of bamboo stalk little with the collision of bamboo stalk, substantial amounts of particle can occur more and (fall
Stone) -- (bamboo) bar, bar-bar viscoelastroplasticity collision, and then there is energy dissipation, falling rocks speed is reduced and fallen.
The Some Mechanical Properties of circle bamboo stalk of table 1 (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazei ex H.de Lebaie)
The process that falling rocks is responded with the shock of bamboo stalk and bamboo stalk is extremely complex, if assuming stone and bar before energy dissipation balance
Collision effect be continuous time, and the falling rocks that collides is it is assumed that spheroid, bamboo wood material glue for the continuous average of isotropic
Elastomer, bamboo stalk is the resilient elongate hollow rod with fixing end, then below (4) formula condition is set up：
Wherein：FcIt is the elastic part of contact force, FvIt is viscoelastic damping portion, FpIt is have consumption caused by bent deformation of bursting
Scattered part；FuActive force produced by momentum, EkFor the kinetic energy of falling rocks, h is falling rocks vertical motion distance.
After collision occurs, or bamboo stalk does not occur to destroy and obey elastic rod ess-strain, or bar while experience
Surrender, the two processes are discussed separately below.
1. elastic rod ess-strain condition is obeyed：Theoretically, in the presence of power F is to bamboo stalk center, bamboo stalk is sent out
Raw flexure and deflection, when line of deflection or deflection angle come in contact with another bamboo stalk, then 2 bamboo stalks are simultaneously pressurized and occur inclined
Turn, deformation is sequentially transmitted, until it reaches balance, now, because bamboo stalk occurs resilience after elastic springing, falling rocks turns to opposite direction
Motion, the bamboo stalk for deviating from then is playing the generation elastic vibration of Equilibrium position, thus, the kinetic energy of falling rocks is converted into the ripple of bamboo stalk
It is dynamic, reach the purpose of energy expenditure.From in terms of existence general knowledge, although the bamboo stalk in bamboo grove has suitable spacing, but in bamboo grove
Branch and the tip can be considered continuous distribution body substantially, so, when bamboo stalk shifts, there is crimp in its bamboo branch and bamboo shoot, produce
Actual damping action is given birth to, perhaps not necessarily bamboo stalk is little for its energy expenditure contribution.Under practical situation, if falling rocks falls from eminence
Fall behind and first intercepted by branch, the tip more, be then subjected to the collision of bamboo stalk, and the probability of central compression is very little, is mostly collision
Afterwards there is little divertical motion in falling rocks, and portion of energy consumption is converted into the fluctuation of bamboo stalk, thus, falling rocks energy will be consumed rapidly
Fall to the greatest extent；If the moving height of falling rocks is not relatively high, then collide with bamboo stalk bottom more, stress and energy consuming process
Ibid, except for the difference that, because falling rocks application point is apart from fixing end (bamboo root portion) angle of deflection occurs closer to, bar less, energy dissipation
Faster.
2. bamboo stalk collision rift is surrendered：First it is that first bamboo stalk being related is surrendered, it fails to bear head
Wheel " strike ", falling rocks falls, and contact i.e. generation is routed bent, and because of the special construction such as bamboo fibre distribution characteristicss and ring, bamboo root, bamboo stalk is burst
Plastic yielding can't occur after song, but rupture, hereafter bamboo stalk becomes bamboo rope, the branch of bamboo grove, the tip become flexible
The string bag, falling rocks is caught so that movement velocity is reduced rapidly and land, and bamboo stalk will become tension member during this.Ancient Times in China is more
There is the record as galvanized wire for suspension bridge using bamboo rope, such as Dujiang weir Ripple Calming Bridge illustrates that bamboo has in rift grain direction very high anti-
The characteristic of tensile strength, with the potentiality that huge falling rocks is caught after rupture.
The present invention safeguards by a relatively simple, mainly before the formation of systematic protection ability, should accomplish SNS provisional protection nets
Maintenance, focus on surviving for the ecological vegetation such as Scattered bamboos and support with growth tube, accomplish to keep appropriate moisture, apply according to vegetation character
Fertilizer, downright bad plant is changed in time.After system is formed, SNS provisional protections net is then without the need for carrying out again maintenance work, maintenance work
Mainly for ecological vegetation, should now focus on going sparse woods using the life cycle events of Scattered bamboos, old bamboo be cut down, to New bamboo growth
Vacating space, it is ensured that the metabolism of bamboo in system, the long-term benign operation of system；Certainly, while can also be every during
Year appropriate sparse woods, cut down into bamboo, old bamboo, and economic utilization while maintenance system supports engineering with engineering.
The present invention makes technical scheme from invention below design.
In order to make up deficiency of the passive net at aspects such as durability, operation maintenance and ecological functions, can be scattered using single shaft
Bamboo forms the three-dimensional passive protection structure of ecology；Scattered bamboos protection height is generally more than 10m, the small-sized Scattered bamboos of such as Jin Zhu all bases
Instinct reaches 8-12m, considerably beyond the 5m height of general passive net；Protection width (along domatic tendency) can be according to soil ventical
Met without greatly improving construction investment by vegetation growth self-organizing adjustment after planting etc. condition arrangement, and passively net basic
Width is not protected, it is impossible to form stereoscopic protective ability；Scattered bamboos protective capacities are mainly by intensive fibre structure toughness bamboo
Stalk resists impact, and the width after bamboo grove is formed is wider, and defence gap is less, and protective capacities are stronger, and bamboo branch and Folium Bambusae meet with
There is bigger deformability and toughness so as to improve degree of protection after falling rocks, also do not receive seasonal effect；Scattered bamboos are by vast
Bamboo rhizome system define the base structure of similar raft plate, stability is more passively netted more preferably.If especially it should be noted also that slope
Passive net causes damage after the disaster generation of face, it is necessary to protective capacities could be formed after to be repaired, such as domatic disaster continues indefinite
Life will endanger repair, cause passive net system not reach safeguard function, but Scattered bamboos are quite different, domatic falling rocks disaster base
Originally full wafer bamboo grove can not possibly be caused to damage, so protective capacities are likewise supplied with the case where domatic disaster continues indefinite generation,
Bamboo grove has self-organizing and self-reparing capability.
3rd, embodiment
Active network, passive net, window curtain type protection network, wall of blocking in the present invention, block stake or damping stake is prior art.
As Figure 1-5, a kind of slope blendes together type ecological protection method, including step：
A, setting temporary preventive measure：Simple engineering works are taken to set up temporary preventive measure；
B, setting permanent protection measure：It is anti-to make operation of engineering projects reach expected safety after temporary preventive measure is set up
Shield, using ecological vegetation kind plantation permanent protection measure is set up；
The temporary preventive measure includes Simple engineering works, and the temporary preventive measure is used in permanent protection measure
Do not formed and play before protective capacities safeguard function；The permanent protection measure includes ecological vegetation kind plantation.
Further improvement be, the Simple engineering works be active network, passive net, window curtain type protection network, wall of blocking,
Block stake or damping stake.
As Figure 1-5, a kind of slope blendes together type ecological protection method, at Construction Phase and operation initial stage,
Using such as active network, passive net, window curtain type protection network, wall of blocking, the Simple engineering works such as stake or damping stake of blocking, according to this
Field conventional method sets up temporary preventive measure, and the temporary preventive measure of the present invention plays a part of provisional protection slope falling rocks；
Provisional protection is provided before setting up for permanent protection measure to slope falling rocks disaster.
To make the operation of engineering projects stage reach expected safety protection function, after temporary preventive measure is set up, prevent temporarily
Under the protection of shield measure, permanent protection measure is set up, after permanent protection measure is set up, permanent protection measure is arranged with provisional protection
To apply play a part of jointly prevents slope falling rocks disaster from occurring.Temporary preventive measure sets up position, preferably anti-realizing
Only falling rocks disaster in slope is defined.
Further improvement is that the ecological vegetation kind plantation is made up of some ecological vegetations, and ecological vegetation is with scattered
Raw dense planting, growth rapidity, the longitudinal fiber rod-type vegetation of weatherability.
Further improvement is that the longitudinal fiber rod-type vegetation is scattered bamboo grove, bamboo osiery or China fir woods.
As Figure 1-3, in order that permanent protection measure can realize that maintenance cost is low, the good purpose of protection effect；This
Ecological vegetation kind plantation is taken in the permanent protection measure of invention, and according to above-mentioned analysis, the present invention has been selected such as scattered bamboo grove, bamboo willow
Woods or China fir woods etc. with scattered dense planting, growth rapidity, weatherability longitudinal fiber rod-type vegetation.Preferentially, the present invention is adopted
Permanent protection measure is set up with scattered bamboo grove.
Further improvement is that the suitable slope transverse width in ecological vegetation plantation forest zone domain is more than falling rocks disaster occurrence scope
Transverse width, the suitable slope lengthwise position of the ecological vegetation kind plantation is arranged according to the movement locus of clinoform and falling rocks；When
When slope shelving is linear type or matrix, ecological vegetation kind plantation is set below falling rocks slump point region, shelving is when slope
During convex, ecological vegetation kind plantation is set in salient position region, and falling rocks slump point arranges life below salient position region
State vegetation kind plantation.
In order that preferable protection effect is played in the ecological vegetation plantation forest zone domain of the present invention, ecological vegetation is set to plant forest zone
Transverse width of the suitable slope transverse width in domain more than falling rocks disaster occurrence scope.As Figure 1-3, according to the landform on slope and fall
The substantially movement locus of stone arrange ecological vegetation kind plantation of the present invention on slope along the longitudinal position in slope.
Specifically, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, when slope domatic is linear type or matrix, ecological vegetation kind plantation is arranged on directly
Line style slope or the lower section in matrix slope falling rocks slump point region, width be respectively greater than the slump point range L1 of falling rocks disaster or
L2, the suitable slope transverse width in ecological vegetation plantation forest zone domain is more than the transverse width of falling rocks disaster occurrence scope.
As shown in figure 3, when slope domatic is convex, in (the falling rocks disaster slump point of salient position region 5 on convex slope
Scope is L3 ＇) and salient position region lower section falling rocks slump point 6 (falling rocks disaster slump point range is L3) be respectively provided with ecological plant
By kind of a plantation, the ecological vegetation plantation of falling rocks slump point 6 below the salient position region 5 or salient position region on convex slope
The width longitudinally disposed along slope of woods as shown in figure 3, respectively greater than slump point range the L3 ＇ and L3 of falling rocks disaster, so as to work as
When slope is convex, the ecological vegetation kind plantation of the present invention has the effect for preferably preventing slope falling rocks disaster from occurring.
Further improvement is that, when the ecological vegetation is scattered bamboo grove, the permanent protection measure is by following
What mode was arranged：
(1)：Being determined according to droping route needs to arrange the region of scattered bamboo grove, is grown according to expected from scattered bamboo grove
Region, determines the planting area of scattered bamboo grove；
(2)：In all of planting area, according to the growth characteristics of Scattered bamboos, with reference to the protective capacities of interim measures, will plant
Scattered bamboo grove in growing area domain is divided into some plantation bamboo groups, and each plantation bamboo group is divided into into some plantation bamboo rafts, selectes every
The spacing of adjacent bamboo strain in individual plantation bamboo raft.
Preferably, ecological vegetation kind plantation of the invention is made up of some Scattered bamboos, i.e., ecological vegetation is scattered bamboo grove, is
The scattered bamboo grove for making the present invention plays more preferable protection effect, the position of the bamboo strain of the scattered bamboo grove of the present invention has been carried out excellent
Change, being determined according to domatic as Figure 1-3 and droping route needs to arrange the region of scattered bamboo grove, according to scattered bamboo grove
Expected growth district, determines the planting area of scattered bamboo grove；Then, in all of planting area, according to the life of Scattered bamboos
Long characteristic, with reference to the protective capacities of interim measures, is divided into some plantation bamboo groups, by each by the scattered bamboo grove in planting area
Plantation bamboo group is divided into some plantation bamboo rafts, selectes the spacing of bamboo strain adjacent in each plantation bamboo raft.
Further improvement is, when the scattered bamboo grove is arranged on warm temperate zone to subtropical zones, the adjacent plantation bamboo
The group spacing of group is 5~10 meters, and the trestle column of adjacent plantation bamboo raft is 1 meter~1.5 meters in each plantation bamboo group, plants bamboo raft
The spacing of interior adjacent bamboo strain is 1 meter~1.5 meters, and the arrangement mode of the plantation bamboo raft is quincunx.
Specifically, when the Scattered bamboos are arranged on warm temperate zone to weather conditions between subtropical zones, by adjacent plantation
The spacing of bamboo group is set as 5~10 meters, and the trestle column of adjacent plantation bamboo raft is set as 1 meter~1.5 meters in each plantation bamboo group,
The spacing of adjacent bamboo strain is 1 meter~1.5 meters in plantation bamboo raft, each to dissipate when the arrangement mode of the plantation bamboo raft is quincunx
Raw bamboo has preferable growing space and can play preferable protective capacities.
Further improvement is that the height of bamboo strain is moved according to slope shelving, the scale of falling rocks, falling rocks diameter and falling rocks
Path selecting, for the purpose of the falling rocks that can block.
For the ability that the protection falling rocks disaster for further enhancing scattered bamboo grove occurs, the height of bamboo strain can be according to slope
Shelving, the scale of falling rocks, falling rocks diameter and falling rocks motion path are selecting.
Further improvement is, when the bamboo of bamboo strain is preced with the motion path of falling rocks, the height of the bamboo strain is 10~
15 meters, a diameter of 3~4 centimetres of the bamboo strain.
As shown in figure 3, when slope be convex when, falling rocks below salient position region the bamboo strain of falling rocks slump point 6 it is upper
Side.In order that being similar under this kind of situation, scattered bamboo grove has preferable protective action to falling rocks, is 10~15 from bamboo plant height degree
Rice, a diameter of 3~4 centimetres of bamboo strain of bamboo strain is planted, so as to make the scattered bamboo grove protective capacities of the present invention higher simultaneously
The permanent protection measure of the present invention is set quickly to set up by the fast-growth of bamboo strain, so as to play anti-jointly with temporary preventive measure
The effect that falling stop stone disaster occurs.
Technical scheme can preferably be realized according to the record of this specification.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of slope blendes together type ecological protection method, it is characterised in that including step：
A, setting temporary preventive measure：Simple engineering works are taken to set up temporary preventive measure；
B, setting permanent protection measure：After temporary preventive measure is set up, to make operation of engineering projects reach expected security protection, adopt
Permanent protection measure is set up with ecological vegetation kind plantation；
The temporary preventive measure includes Simple engineering works, and the temporary preventive measure is used in the non-shape of permanent protection measure
Safeguard function is played into before protective capacities；The permanent protection measure includes ecological vegetation kind plantation.
2. slope according to claim 1 blendes together type ecological protection method, it is characterised in that the Simple engineering works
For active network, passive net, window curtain type protection network, wall of blocking, block stake or damping stake.
3. slope according to claim 1 blendes together type ecological protection method, it is characterised in that the ecological vegetation kind plantation
It is made up of some ecological vegetations, ecological vegetation is to plant with scattered dense planting, growth rapidity, the longitudinal fiber rod-type of weatherability
Quilt.
4. slope according to claim 3 blendes together type ecological protection method, it is characterised in that the longitudinal fiber rod-type is planted
By for scattered bamboo grove, bamboo osiery or China fir woods.
5. the slope according to claim 1 or 3 or 4 blendes together type ecological protection method, it is characterised in that ecological vegetation is planted
The suitable slope transverse width in forest zone domain more than the transverse width of falling rocks disaster occurrence scope, indulge by the suitable slope of the ecological vegetation kind plantation
Arranged according to the movement locus of clinoform and falling rocks to position；When slope shelving is linear type or matrix, in falling rocks slump
Point region lower section arranges ecological vegetation kind plantation, when slope shelving is convex, in salient position region ecological vegetation kind is arranged
Plantation, and falling rocks slump point arranges ecological vegetation kind plantation below salient position region.
6. slope according to claim 5 blendes together type ecological protection method, it is characterised in that when the ecological vegetation is scattered
During raw bamboo grove, the permanent protection measure is arranged in the following manner：
(1)：Being determined according to droping route needs to arrange the region of scattered bamboo grove, the vitellarium according to expected from scattered bamboo grove
Domain, determines the planting area of scattered bamboo grove；
(2)：In all of planting area, according to the growth characteristics of Scattered bamboos, with reference to the protective capacities of interim measures, by growing area
Scattered bamboo grove in domain is divided into some plantation bamboo groups, and each plantation bamboo group is divided into into some plantation bamboo rafts, selectes each kind
Plant the spacing of bamboo strain adjacent in bamboo raft.
7. slope according to claim 6 blendes together type ecological protection method, it is characterised in that when the scattered bamboo grove is arranged
At warm temperate zone to subtropical zones, the group spacing of the adjacent plantation bamboo group is 5~10 meters, adjacent kind in each plantation bamboo group
The trestle column for planting bamboo raft is 1 meter~1.5 meters, and the spacing for planting bamboo strain adjacent in bamboo raft is 1 meter~1.5 meters, the plantation bamboo
The arrangement mode of row is quincunx.
8. slope according to claim 7 blendes together type ecological protection method, it is characterised in that the height of bamboo strain is according to slope
Shelving, the scale of falling rocks, falling rocks diameter and falling rocks motion path selecting, for the purpose of the falling rocks that can block.
9. slope according to claim 7 blendes together type ecological protection method, it is characterised in that when the bamboo of bamboo strain is preced with falling rocks
Motion path on when, the height of the bamboo strain is 10~15 meters, a diameter of 3~4 centimetres of the bamboo strain.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109853470A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-06-07 | 国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心 | A method of it is anti-skidding that three-dimensional slope protection is carried out using bamboo plant |
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