CN106671438B - A kind of layer assembly three-dimensional function composite material and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of layer assembly three-dimensional function composite material and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106671438B CN106671438B CN201611108987.4A CN201611108987A CN106671438B CN 106671438 B CN106671438 B CN 106671438B CN 201611108987 A CN201611108987 A CN 201611108987A CN 106671438 B CN106671438 B CN 106671438B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of layer assembly three-dimensional function composite material and preparation methods.Hot pressing, engraving, punching, hot-melt extruded is coated, dried, cutting, assembling, being heat-treated and the techniques such as temperature control using melting by the present invention；Every layer of independent design realizes that the width of functive three-dimensional net structure, thickness, lap joint form freely design and control；Different location has different function body material, forms flexible and changeable functive three-dimensional net structure, and the multifunction and performance for facilitating composite material regulate and control；In-situ solidifying, the greatly combination interface of enhancing functive and functive, functive and matrix, form the functive three-dimensional net structure that structure is precise and stable, integrality is good；Many advantages, such as present invention has the function of that design freedom is high, has excellent performance, is more, modification scope is big, high reliablity, while process conditions realize that simply process is easy to control, residual impurity or reactant will not be generated, it is at low cost, high yield rate, convenient for batch production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to composite material technologies of preparing, and in particular to a kind of layer assembly three-dimensional function composite material and its system
Preparation Method.
Background technique
With the progress of science and technology, there is electricity, magnetics, optics, calorifics, acoustics, mechanics, chemistry, biology etc.
Function and the material for mutually converting function are developed rapidly, and effect and demand are increasing, conducting polymer, piezoelectricity pottery
The functional materials such as porcelain, optical fiber, photoelectricity, thermoelectricity, magnetoelectricity have been widely used for electronic information, energy traffic, biologic medical,
The various fields such as aerospace, instrument and meter.
Functional composite material is most important a part in functional material, functional composite material mainly by functive (also referred to as
For filler or reinforcement) and matrix composition, or be made of two kinds and two or more functives, pass through phase between functive
Mutually overlap joint form three-dimensional net structure, make composite material have conduction, superconduction, partly lead, magnetism, piezoelectricity, damping, suction wave, wave transparent,
The functions such as friction, shielding, fire-retardant, solar heat protection, sound absorption, heat-insulated, simultaneously because complex effect is also possible to generate new function.
The distribution of functive in the base determines the performance and reliability of functional composite material, between functive
It well overlaps, form difficult point and key that reliable and stable three-dimensional net structure is functional composite material preparation process.However, with
The three-dimensional structures such as traditional 3 D weaving, Z-Pin composite material is different, for particles such as metallic, graphite, Nano diamonds
Functive, the fibers functive such as carbon nanotube, carbon fiber, metallic fiber, the sheets functive such as graphene, scale, mica, due to
Functive size is small, mutual overlap joint power is small, is difficult to overlap the functive three-dimensional net structure for forming stable structure in advance；Meanwhile
Functive distribution flexible and changeable in matrix and overlap joint, the autonomous Design of three-dimensional structure and control, a variety of different function bodies
The problems such as integrated, it is difficult to solve by traditional composite technology.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above problems of the prior art, the invention proposes a kind of layer assembly three-dimensional function is compound
Material and preparation method thereof.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of layer assembly three-dimensional function composite materials.
Three-dimensional function composite material of the invention includes: multilayer monolayer matrix, functive and axial functive in face；Its
In, monolayer matrix uses a kind of film of hot pressing formation after high polymer or a variety of superpolymer blend raw material heating and meltings；Every
The depiction of functive in forming face is carved in one layer of monolayer matrix, is filled in functive material forming face in depiction
Functive, the functive material of position different in functive is identical or different in face；Punching forms through-hole in monolayer matrix,
The horizontal position of the through-hole of each layer monolayer matrix is identical or different, the monolayer matrix of laminated multi-layer together, and lead to the hole site is along vertical
Histogram is connected to upper and lower connection or with the depiction of functive in face, and filling functive material forms axial function in through-hole
Body, axial functive are connected to or are connected to functive in face, the functive material of different positions in axial functive up and down
It is identical or different；Functive and axial functive constitute functive three-dimensional net structure in face；The single layer of laminated multi-layer together
Interface after matrix melts between layers completely disappears, and each monolayer matrix forms an entirety, so that being formed has functive
The three-dimensional function composite material of three-dimensional net structure.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of preparation methods of layer assembly three-dimensional function composite material.
The preparation method of layer assembly three-dimensional function composite material of the invention, comprising the following steps:
1) according to the function and topology requirement of three-dimensional function composite material, the parameter of three-dimensional function composite material, packet are designed
It includes: the number of plies and material of monolayer matrix, depiction, functive material and the corresponding function body material of functive in the face of each layer
Distributing position and each layer between axial functive through-hole position, shape, functive material and corresponding function body material
Distributing position；
2) it prepares monolayer matrix: by a kind of high polymer or a variety of superpolymer blend raw material heating and meltings, being hot pressed into thickness
For the film of 0.01~10mm, monolayer matrix is formed；
3) according to the depiction of functive in the face designed in step 1), flat shape and depth including depiction
Degree is carved using machining drill bit or laser on the surface of monolayer matrix, the functive in forming face in monolayer matrix
Depiction；
4) according to the location and shape of the through-hole of the axial functive designed in step 1), machining drill bit or laser are used
Monolayer matrix to be punched, forms through-hole in monolayer matrix, the horizontal position of the through-hole of each layer monolayer matrix is identical or different,
After multilayer monolayer matrix is stacked together, the lead to the hole site of each layer monolayer matrix vertically up and down connection or with face internal strength
The depiction connection of energy body；
5) according to the functive material of functive and the distributing position of corresponding function body material in the face designed in step 1)
And the axial functive material of functive and the distributing position of corresponding function body material, it is loaded using different hot-melt extruded heads
Different functive slurries is advanced along the position of depiction and through-hole, in the position of corresponding depiction and through-hole point
The corresponding functive slurry of other Extrusion Coating, it is different in same layer monolayer matrix or between each monolayer matrix of different layers
Position coats identical or different functive slurry；
6) the monolayer matrix naturally dry or heating, drying of functive slurry, the height in functive slurry will be coated with
Polymers performed polymer polymerize completely or solvent volatilization, and functive slurry becomes the functive material of solid forms, thus in difference
Position forms identical or different functive material, forms single layer composite；
7) step 1)~6 are repeated), until completing all single layer composites；
8) by multilayer single layer composite cut into the consistent shape of die size, be put into mold according to sequencing
In, assembling forms multilayer materials, in multilayer materials, the functive material that is filled in the depiction of monolayer matrix
Functive in forming face, the functive material being filled in the through-hole being connected between each layer monolayer matrix form axial functive,
Functive and axial functive constitute functive three-dimensional net structure in face；
9) mold equipped with multilayer materials is put into high temperature furnace, heated so that the high polymer raw material in monolayer matrix is rigid
Good fusing, is kept for certain time, until the interface in multilayer materials between layers completely disappears, each monolayer matrix is formed
One entirety forms three-dimensional function composite material just body；
10) it is rapidly cooled, cooling rate is 0~30 DEG C/min, and temperature is reduced to higher than heat distortion temperature 0~50
DEG C, adjustment forms the mode of appearance of the first body of three-dimensional function composite material；
11) Slow cooling is carried out, cooling rate is 0~15 DEG C/min, is gradually cooling to lower than heat distortion temperature 0~50
DEG C when, kept for certain time, until thoroughly eliminating residual stress of the three-dimensional function composite material just in body, form indeformable tool
The three-dimensional function composite material of functional body three-dimensional net structure.
Wherein, it in step 1), according to the function and topology requirement of three-dimensional function composite material, can freely design in face
Position, shape and the material of the through-hole of axial functive between depiction, width, depth and the material and each layer of functive
Material, to realize the control of the width of functive three-dimensional net structure, thickness and lap joint form.
In step 5), functive slurry is to be gathered by the functive of mass ratio 0.01~99%, the height of mass ratio 0~99%
The dispersing agent configuration of object performed polymer, the solvent of mass ratio 0~70%, the curing agent of mass ratio 0~70% and mass ratio 0~20%
Made of paste or dope, wherein functive, high polymer performed polymer, solvent, curing agent and dispersing agent quality compare summation
It is 100%.Functive is one of particle functive, fiber functive and sheet functive or a variety of, particle functive packet
Include metallic, graphite and nanometer diamond etc.；Fiber functive includes carbon nanotube, carbon fiber and metallic fiber etc.；Sheet function
Energy body includes graphene, scale and mica etc..
Since component is reduced after the baking of functive slurry, width and thickness reduction may cause；Meanwhile it is a small amount of repeatedly uniform
Hot-melt extruded coating, drying and processing the combination interface of functive and functive, functive and matrix can be enhanced.Therefore, root
Further comprise that step 5)~6 are repeated several times after step 6) according to demand) so that the function in the single layer composite formed
Body material not only meets design requirement, but also close with monolayer matrix interface cohesion.
In step 9), the temperature of heating is higher than 0~50 DEG C of melting temperature of the high polymer raw material in monolayer matrix.
In step 10), mode of appearance includes surface roughness and lines etc..
Advantages of the present invention:
Hot pressing, engraving, punching, hot-melt extruded is coated, dried, cutting, assembling, being heat-treated and temperature control by melting by the present invention
Etc. techniques, prepare the high polymer base three-dimensional function composite material of layer assembly；By the independent design to every layer in composite material,
Realize that the width of functive three-dimensional net structure, thickness, lap joint form freely design and control；By being heated in different location
The different functive slurry of Extrusion Coating, three-dimensional function composite material can integrate one or more functives simultaneously, form spirit
Changeable functive three-dimensional net structure living, the multifunction and performance for facilitating composite material regulate and control；Pass through functive material
It, can be greatly directly in pre-position in-situ solidifying, while by a small amount of repeatedly uniform hot melt Extrusion Coating, stoving process
Enhance the combination interface of functive and functive, functive and matrix, forms the functive three that structure is precise and stable, integrality is good
Tie up network structure.Generally speaking, layer assembly three-dimensional function composite material prepared by the present invention has design freedom height, performance
Excellent, many advantages, such as function is more, modification scope is big, high reliablity, while process conditions are realized simple, process is easy to control,
Residual impurity or reactant, at low cost, high yield rate, convenient for batch production will not be generated.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the preparation method of layer assembly three-dimensional function composite material of the invention；
Fig. 2 is what one embodiment of the preparation method of layer assembly three-dimensional function composite material according to the present invention obtained
The schematic diagram of three-dimensional function composite material.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, by specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
As shown in Figure 1, the preparation method of the layer assembly three-dimensional function composite material of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps:
1) according to the function and topology requirement of three-dimensional function composite material, the parameter of three-dimensional function composite material, packet are designed
It includes: single
The number of plies of layer matrix is five layers, and material uses thermoplastic polyurethane TPU, the engraving figure of functive in the face of each layer
Case, function
The position of the through-hole of axial functive, shape between energy body material and the distributing position and each layer of corresponding function body
Shape, function
The distributing position of energy body material and corresponding function body；
2) it prepares monolayer matrix: by high polymer raw material heating and melting, being hot pressed into the film with a thickness of 1mm, form single layer base
Body；
3) according to the depiction of functive in the face designed in step 1), flat shape and depth including depiction
Degree is carved using machining drill bit or laser on the surface of monolayer matrix, the functive in forming face in monolayer matrix
Depiction；
4) according to the location and shape of the through-hole of the axis functive designed in step 1), machining drill bit or laser are used
Monolayer matrix to be punched, forms through-hole in monolayer matrix, the horizontal position of the through-hole of each layer monolayer matrix is identical or different,
After multilayer monolayer matrix is stacked together, the lead to the hole site of each layer monolayer matrix vertically up and down connection or with face internal strength
The depiction connection of energy body；
5) according to the functive material of functive and the distributing position of corresponding function body material in the face designed in step 1)
And the axial functive material of functive and the distributing position of corresponding function body material, it is loaded using different hot-melt extruded heads
Different functive slurries is advanced along the position of depiction and through-hole, in the position of corresponding depiction and through-hole point
The corresponding functive slurry of other Extrusion Coating, it is different in same layer monolayer matrix or between each monolayer matrix of different layers
Position coats identical or different functive slurry；
6) the monolayer matrix naturally dry or heating, drying of functive slurry, the height in functive slurry will be coated with
Polymers performed polymer polymerize completely or solvent volatilization, and functive slurry becomes the functive material of solid forms, thus in difference
Position forms identical or different functive material, forms single layer composite；
7) step 1)~6 are repeated), until completing five layers of single layer composite；
8) by five layers of single layer composite cut into the consistent shape of die size, be put into mold according to sequencing
In, assembling forms multilayer materials, in multilayer materials, the functive material that is filled in the depiction of monolayer matrix
Functive in forming face, the functive material being filled in the through-hole being connected between each layer monolayer matrix form axial functive,
Form functive three-dimensional net structure；
9) mold equipped with multilayer materials is put into high temperature furnace, it is former that heating temperature is higher than the high polymer in monolayer matrix
15 DEG C of fusion temperature of material is kept for certain time, until the interface in multilayer materials between layers completely disappears, each single layer
Matrix forms an entirety, forms three-dimensional function composite material just body；
10) it is rapidly cooled, cooling rate is 15 DEG C/min, and temperature is reduced to higher than 15 DEG C of heat distortion temperature, adjustment
Form the mode of appearance of the first body of three-dimensional function composite material；
11) Slow cooling is carried out, cooling rate is 5 DEG C/min, is gradually cooling to temperature lower than 15 DEG C of heat distortion temperature
When, holding certain time, until thoroughly eliminating the residual stress in the first body of three-dimensional function composite material, formation is indeformable to be had
The three-dimensional function composite material of functive three-dimensional net structure.
As shown in Fig. 2, the three-dimensional function composite material being prepared includes multilayer monolayer matrix 1, functive 2 and axis in face
To functive 3.
It is finally noted that the purpose for publicizing and implementing example is to help to further understand the present invention, but this field
Technical staff be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, it is various replacement and repair
It is all possible for changing.Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to embodiment disclosure of that, and the scope of protection of present invention is to weigh
Subject to the range that sharp claim defines.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of layer assembly three-dimensional function composite material, which is characterized in that the preparation method includes following
Step:
1) function and topology requirement according to three-dimensional function composite material are proposed, the parameter of three-dimensional function composite material, three-dimensional function are designed
The parameter of energy composite material includes: the number of plies and material of monolayer matrix, depiction, the functive material of functive in the face of each layer
The position of the through-hole of axial functive, shape, functive material between material and the distributing position and each layer of corresponding function body material
The distributing position of material and corresponding function body material；
2) it prepares monolayer matrix: by a kind of high polymer or a variety of superpolymer blend raw material heating and meltings, being hot pressed into film, formed
Monolayer matrix；
3) according to the depiction of functive in the face designed in step 1), flat shape and depth including depiction make
Carved with machining drill bit or laser on the surface of monolayer matrix, in monolayer matrix in forming face functive engraving figure
Case；
4) according to the location and shape of the through-hole of the axial functive designed in step 1), using machining drill bit or laser to list
Layer matrix is punched, and through-hole is formed in monolayer matrix, the horizontal position of the through-hole of each layer monolayer matrix is identical or different, when more
Layer monolayer matrix be stacked together after, the lead to the hole site of each layer monolayer matrix vertically up and down connection or with functive in face
Depiction connection；
5) according to the functive material of functive and the distributing position of corresponding function body material in the face designed in step 1) and
The functive material of axial functive and the distributing position of corresponding function body material are loaded different using different hot-melt extruded heads
Functive slurry, along the position of depiction and through-hole advance, squeezed respectively in the position of corresponding depiction and through-hole
Coat corresponding functive slurry out, in same layer monolayer matrix or between each monolayer matrix of different layers, different location
Coat identical or different functive slurry；
6) the monolayer matrix naturally dry or heating, drying of functive slurry, the high polymer in functive slurry will be coated with
Performed polymer polymerize completely or solvent volatilization, and functive slurry becomes the functive material of solid forms, thus in different location
Identical or different functive material is formed, single layer composite is formed；
7) step 1)~6 are repeated), until completing all single layer composites；
8) by multilayer single layer composite cut into the consistent shape of die size, be put into mold according to sequencing, group
It fills and forms multilayer materials, in multilayer materials, the functive material being filled in the depiction of monolayer matrix is formed
Functive in face, the functive material being filled in the through-hole being connected between each layer monolayer matrix form axial functive, in face
Functive and axial functive constitute functive three-dimensional net structure；
9) mold equipped with multilayer materials is put into high temperature furnace, heating is so that the high polymer raw material in monolayer matrix is just molten
Change, kept for certain time, until the interface in multilayer materials between layers completely disappears, each monolayer matrix forms one
It is whole, form three-dimensional function composite material just body；
10) it is rapidly cooled, temperature is reduced to higher than heat distortion temperature, and adjustment forms the outer of the first body of three-dimensional function composite material
See form；
11) carry out Slow cooling, be gradually cooling to lower than heat distortion temperature, be gradually cooling to temperature lower than heat distortion temperature 0~
It at 50 DEG C, is kept for certain time, until thoroughly eliminating the residual stress in the first body of three-dimensional function composite material, is formed indeformable
Three-dimensional function composite material with functive three-dimensional net structure.
2. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2), film with a thickness of 0.01~10mm.
3. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 5), functive slurry is by mass ratio
0.01~99% functive, the high polymer performed polymer of mass ratio 0~99%, the solvent of mass ratio 0~70%, mass ratio 0~
Paste or dope made of the dispersing agent configuration of 70% curing agent and mass ratio 0~20%, wherein functive, Gao Ju
Object performed polymer, solvent, curing agent and dispersing agent quality than summation be 100%；Functive is particle functive, fiber functive
With one of sheet functive or a variety of.
4. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further comprise multiple after step 6) according to demand
Repeat step 5)~6) so that the functive material in the single layer composite formed not only meets design requirement, but also with list
Layer basal body interface is tightly combined.
5. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 9), the temperature of heating is higher than monolayer matrix
In 0~50 DEG C of melting temperature of high polymer raw material.
6. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 10), cooling rate is 0~30 DEG C/minute
Clock, temperature are reduced to higher than 0~50 DEG C of heat distortion temperature.
7. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 10), mode of appearance includes surface roughness
And lines.
8. preparation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 11), cooling rate is 0~15 DEG C/minute
Clock is gradually cooling to lower than 0~50 DEG C of heat distortion temperature.
9. a kind of three-dimensional function composite material, which is characterized in that the three-dimensional function composite material include: multilayer monolayer matrix,
Functive and axial functive in face；Wherein, the monolayer matrix uses a kind of high polymer or a variety of superpolymer blend raw materials
The film that hot pressing is formed after heating and melting；The depiction of functive in forming face, carving are carved in each layer of monolayer matrix
Functive in functive material forming face is filled in needle drawing case, the functive material phase of position different in functive in the face
It is same or different；Punching forms through-hole in monolayer matrix, and the horizontal position of the through-hole of each layer monolayer matrix is identical or different, multilayer
The monolayer matrix being stacked together, lead to the hole site are vertically connected to up and down or are connected to the depiction of functive in face,
Filling functive material forms axial functive in through-hole, and the axial direction functive is connected to up and down or connects with functive in face
Logical, the functive material of different positions is identical or different in axial functive；Functive and axial functive structure in the face
At functive three-dimensional net structure；Interface after the monolayer matrix fusing of laminated multi-layer together between layers completely disappears,
Each monolayer matrix forms an entirety, to form the three-dimensional function composite material with functive three-dimensional net structure.
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| CN111590874A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2020-08-28 | 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 | Printing method of three-dimensional printer |
| CN110625923B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2022-07-12 | 青岛科技大学 | Conductive polymer composite material and 3D printing forming method thereof |
| CN110911160B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2022-11-08 | 广东科近超导技术研究院有限公司 | Three-dimensional coil manufacturing method |
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| CN101945710A (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-01-12 | 西玛耐诺技术以色列有限公司 | Transparent conducting coating with packing material |
| CN104943326A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-30 | 苏州捷迪纳米科技有限公司 | Carbon nano-tube film composite material preparation method |
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