CN106670430B - Hot isostatic pressing dipping systems, method and nanocarbon/metal composite material - Google Patents
Hot isostatic pressing dipping systems, method and nanocarbon/metal composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN106670430B CN106670430B CN201611239063.8A CN201611239063A CN106670430B CN 106670430 B CN106670430 B CN 106670430B CN 201611239063 A CN201611239063 A CN 201611239063A CN 106670430 B CN106670430 B CN 106670430B
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- hot isostatic
- partition
- high pressure
- jacket
- isostatic pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/04—Casting by dipping
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1073—Infiltration or casting under mechanical pressure, e.g. squeeze casting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hot isostatic pressing dipping systems, which includes jacket and hot isostatic press;Jacket includes upper end cover, high pressure admission partition, vacuum-pumping tube, cylinder, bearing material partition and lower cover;High pressure admission partition is arranged on upper end cover;Cylinder is tightly connected into a sealing container by upper end cover, high pressure admission partition and lower cover;The burst pressure of high pressure admission partition is less than the burst pressure of upper end cover;Vacuum-pumping tube is connected to by upper end cover with the cylinder;The inner cavity of cylinder is divided into upper inner cavity and lower inner cavity by bearing material partition;Several through-holes are distributed on bearing material partition;Jacket is placed in the workspace of hot isostatic press.The invention also discloses hot isostatic pressing dipping method and nanocarbon/metal composite materials.This invention ensures that impregnated inside is uniformly abundant, the high quality of impregnation of large scale nanocarbon/metal composite material is realized, and can work continuously, high production efficiency is at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of composite preparation more particularly to a kind of hot isostatic pressing dipping systems, method and carbon/
Metallic composite.
Background technique
There is nanocarbon/metal composite material the dual property of carbon base body and impregnating metal to have such as carbon/carbon/carbon-copper composite material
Excellent lubrication, the wear resistance of carbon base body, while there is the superior electrical conductivity energy of copper, it is extremely wide in electrical contact field application
It is general.
Currently, the preparation process of high-performance nanocarbon/metal composite material is mainly hot isostatic pressing dipping, pass through hot isostatic pressing
To impregnation pressure, so that molten metal is fully infiltrated into the hole of carbon base body, the factor of dipping effect is influenced are as follows: hot isostatic pressing
Impregnation pressure and carbon base body in residual gas content, relationship are as follows: impregnation pressure is higher, impregnate more abundant, dipping effect
It is more excellent;Residual gas content in carbon base body is fewer, and dipping resistance is lower, and dipping effect is more excellent.Therefore, before dipping,
By vacuumize the residual porosity in carbon base body is discharged as far as possible it is very necessary.Such as Chinese Patent Application No.
The patent application of No.200710158757.3 provides " a kind of carbon graphite thermal isostatic pressing silver leaching process ", is by prefabricated silver packet
Graphite ingot is heated to silver-colored sufficiently fusing, and break heating power supply, and being evacuated to vacuum degree is 200~1000Pa, and its object is to discharge
Argon filling after residual gas in carbon base body, then electrified regulation and impregnate, it is machined after cooling up to required impregnated material.
Due to the principle and structure setting of hot isostatic apparatus, the state that vacuum system is unable to reach high vacuum is (above-mentioned special
Benefit is 200~1000Pa), when impregnate part size it is larger when, residual gas in charcoal graphite matrix after impregnating the phase will form compared with
High interior pressure resistance, it is difficult to obtain the homogeneous impregnation of high quality, while the process requirement is previously prepared before hot isostatic pressing dipping
Silver-colored packet graphite ingot, process flow are longer.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned analysis, an object of the present invention provides a kind of hot isostatic pressing dipping systems, to solve tradition heat
Equal static pressure dipping systems cannot achieve the technical issues of hot isostatic pressing dipping is carried out in the state of high vacuum.
The second object of the present invention provides a kind of hot isostatic pressing dipping method, to overcome traditional hot isostatic pressing dipping process
Middle internal residual gas inhibition and the discontinuous technical problem of technique.
The third object of the present invention provides a kind of nanocarbon/metal composite material.
One of in order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization:
A kind of hot isostatic pressing dipping systems, the hot isostatic pressing dipping systems include jacket and hot isostatic press;
The jacket includes upper end cover 1, high pressure admission partition 2, vacuum-pumping tube 3, cylinder 4, bearing material partition 6 and lower cover 8;
The high pressure admission partition 2 is arranged on the upper end cover 1;The upper end cover 1, high pressure admission partition 2 and lower end
The cylinder 4 is tightly connected into a sealing container by lid 8;The burst pressure of the high pressure admission partition 2 is less than the upper end
The burst pressure of 1 other parts of lid;
The vacuum-pumping tube 3 is connected to by the upper end cover 1 with the cylinder 4;
The inner cavity of the cylinder 4 is divided into upper inner cavity and lower inner cavity by the bearing material partition 6;The upper inner cavity and lower inner cavity
It is respectively used to place impregnating metal and workpiece to be soaked;The impregnating metal is placed on the bearing material partition 6;The bearing material partition 6
On several through-holes are distributed with;
The jacket is placed in the workspace of the hot isostatic press.
Further, the burst pressure of the high pressure admission partition 2 is 1~5MPa.
Further, the shape of the high pressure admission partition 2 is circle, and diameter is 30~50mm, with a thickness of 0.4~
1.0mm。
Further, the bearing material partition 6 with a thickness of 10~15mm;The aperture of the through-hole is 10~20mm.
Further, the jacket is molybdenum jacket.
Above-mentioned bearing material partition 6 uses porous structure, is on the one hand the impregnating metal fusing for guaranteeing to place on bearing material partition 6
Afterwards, energy through hole clearance flow enters jacket lower part, floods workpiece to be soaked;It on the other hand is to prevent workpiece to be soaked in the buoyancy of alloy melt
Float downward is acted on, guarantees that workpiece to be soaked is submerged in alloy melt always.The burst pressure of high pressure admission partition 2 is 1~5MPa,
On the one hand guarantee before dipping, jacket is vacuumized and will be evacuated after pipeline is sealed up and seals, until impregnating metal melts and will be wait soak
The submergence of stain workpiece;On the other hand guarantee that, when being forced into more than burst pressure, high pressure admission partition 2 ruptures, high pressure argon gas enters
Inside jacket, acts on and start super-pressure dipping on molten metal.
In order to achieve the above object two, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization:
A kind of hot isostatic pressing dipping method, the hot isostatic pressing dipping method impregnate system using hot isostatic pressing described above
System is realized, is included the following steps:
Step 1: being sealed by impregnating metal and after soaking in the upper inner cavity and lower inner cavity that workpiece is respectively charged into jacket;
Step 2: being evacuated to the vacuum degree in cylinder 4 by vacuum-pumping tube 3 is 10-2~10-3Big envelope after Pa;
It is impregnated Step 3: the jacket after big envelope is put into hot isostatic press;
Step 4: powering off cooling after dipping, the metal of removal jacket and nanocarbon/metal composite material surface after jacket is taken out,
Obtain nanocarbon/metal composite material.
The metal of method the removal jacket and nanocarbon/metal composite material surface of machining can be used in this step.
Further, in step 1, the impregnating metal can at least fill up idle space and workpiece to be soaked after being completely melt
Internal void;
The idle space be the lower inner cavity in except it is described wait soak space occupied by workpiece in addition to other spaces;It is described
The interior porosity of workpiece to be soaked is 10~30%.
Further, the detailed process in step 3 are as follows:
Jacket after big envelope is placed in the workspace of hot isostatic press by step 31, is passed through argon gas to 0.1MPa, according to 5
The heating rate of~10 DEG C/min, heat temperature raising, until temperature is 100~200 DEG C higher than the fusing point of the impregnating metal, heat preservation
0.5~2h;The soaking time can guarantee that the impregnating metal after being completely melt covers the upper surface of the bearing material partition 6.
Step 32 continues to be passed through high pressure argon gas, until the pressure on high pressure admission partition 2 is more than high pressure admission partition 2
It is ruptured after burst pressure, high pressure argon gas enters in jacket;
Step 33 continues to be passed through high pressure argon gas, under the impregnation pressure of 50~200MPa, impregnates 0.5~2h.
Further, the workpiece to be soaked is graphite or carbon/carbon compound material;The impregnating metal be fine aluminium, aluminium alloy,
One of fine silver, silver alloy, fine copper or copper alloy.
Above-mentioned hot isostatic pressing dipping method, the impregnation increment of impregnating metal are the 99~100% of theoretical impregnation increment.
In order to achieve the above object three, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization:
A kind of nanocarbon/metal composite material prepared using hot isostatic pressing dipping method described above;The nanocarbon/metal is multiple
Carbon and metal volume fraction in condensation material are 70~90:10~30.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that:
1, impregnating metal and workpiece to be soaked are placed in jacket by the present invention, are vacuumized using vacuum tube, and by bearing one
The high pressure admission partition of constant-pressure seals the mode of jacket forvacuum, to compensate for traditional hot isostatic apparatus vacuum
System is unable to reach the deficiency of high vacuum, realizes the state that material before impregnating is in high vacuum, significantly reduces high pressure leaching
Residual gas content when stain inside material, ensure that impregnated inside is uniformly abundant, realize large scale nanocarbon/metal composite material
High quality of impregnation.
2, entire one step of dipping process of the present invention is completed, and is not necessarily to previously prepared metal packet graphite ingot, while eliminating repeatedly
Heating, so that operation is continuous, high production efficiency is at low cost.
3, the temperature that molybdenum jacket of the present invention can be born is high, can meet fine aluminium and aluminium alloy, fine silver and silver alloy, fine copper and copper
The dipping of the metals such as alloy.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will illustrate in the following description, also, partial become from specification
It obtains it is clear that understand through the implementation of the invention.The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be by written explanation
Specifically noted structure is achieved and obtained in book, claims and attached drawing.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is only used for showing the purpose of specific embodiment, and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, in entire attached drawing
In, identical reference symbol indicates identical component.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of jacket in the present invention;
In figure, 1, upper end cover;2, high pressure admission partition;3, vacuum-pumping tube;4, cylinder;5, impregnating metal;6, bearing material partition;
7, workpiece to be soaked;8, lower cover.
Specific embodiment
Specifically describing the preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein attached drawing constitutes the application a part, and
Together with embodiments of the present invention for illustrating the principle of the present invention.
This gives a kind of hot isostatic pressing dipping systems, which includes that jacket and heat etc. are quiet
Press, jacket are placed in the workspace of hot isostatic press.Hot isostatic press mainly by host system (cylinder and frame), heating every
Hot systems, vacuum system, gas pressurization system, cooling system, control system composition.
The jacket of the present embodiment is molybdenum jacket, structural reference Fig. 1, including upper end cover 1, high pressure admission partition 2, is vacuumized
Pipe 3, cylinder 4, bearing material partition 6 and lower cover 8.Wherein, high pressure admission partition 2 is arranged on upper end cover 1, and is upper end cover 1
A part.Cylinder 4 is tightly connected into a sealing container by upper end cover 1, high pressure admission partition 2 and lower cover 8.High pressure admission every
The shape of plate 2 is round (as plectane), and with a thickness of 0.4~1.0mm, diameter is 30~50mm, with guarantee high pressure admission every
The burst pressure of plate 2 is less than the burst pressure of 1 other parts of upper end cover, and the burst pressure of high pressure admission partition 2 is preferably 1~
5MPa.When the pressure born on high pressure admission partition 2 is greater than burst pressure, high pressure admission partition 2 ruptures, upper end cover
1 other parts do not rupture.Vacuum-pumping tube 3 is connected to by upper end cover 1 with cylinder 4, is non-contact with high pressure admission partition 2
(i.e. the other positions of upper end cover 1 for removing high pressure admission partition 2 are arranged in vacuum-pumping tube 3).Bearing material partition 6 is by the inner cavity of cylinder 4
It is divided into upper inner cavity and lower inner cavity, upper inner cavity and lower inner cavity are respectively used to place impregnating metal and workpiece to be soaked, impregnating metal are set
In on bearing material partition 6.Bearing material partition 6 with a thickness of 10~15mm, be distributed with several through-holes thereon, the aperture of the through-hole is 10
~20mm.
Impregnating metal and workpiece to be soaked are placed in jacket by the present embodiment, are vacuumized using vacuum-pumping tube, and pass through receiving
The high pressure admission partition of certain pressure seals the mode of jacket forvacuum, so that it is true to compensate for traditional hot isostatic apparatus
Empty set, which is united, is unable to reach the deficiency of high vacuum, realizes the state that material before impregnating is in high vacuum, significantly reduces high pressure
Residual gas content when dipping inside material, ensure that impregnated inside is uniformly abundant, realize large-size carbon/Metals composite
The high quality of impregnation of material;Entire one step of dipping process is completed, and previously prepared metal packet graphite ingot is not necessarily to, while being eliminated and being added repeatedly
Heat, so that operation is continuous, high production efficiency is at low cost;Temperature that molybdenum jacket can be born is high, can meet fine aluminium, aluminium alloy, pure
The dipping of the metals such as silver, silver alloy, fine copper, copper alloy.
It is illustrated below with technical solution of the specific embodiment to hot isostatic pressing dipping method of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
Carbon-copper volume is prepared than carbon carbon/carbon/carbon-copper composite material for 73:27
1, the carbon carbon composite that industrial pure copper and porosity are 27% is respectively charged into upper inner cavity and the lower inner cavity of jacket
In after sealing, the additive amount of industrial pure copper is can fill up in idle space and carbon carbon composite in lower inner cavity after being completely melt
Subject to the hole in portion.
Wherein, the copper content of industrial pure copper is greater than 99.5%.
2, being evacuated to the vacuum degree in cylinder 4 by vacuum-pumping tube 3 is 10-2Big envelope after a.
3, the jacket after big envelope is put into the workspace of hot isostatic press, is passed through argon gas to 0.1MPa, according to 5 DEG C/min
Heating rate, after being heated to 1250 DEG C, keep the temperature 1h, be filled with high pressure argon gas, until pressure be greater than 5MPa (i.e. high pressure admission
The burst pressure of partition 2), it diameter 30mm, is ruptured with a thickness of the high pressure admission partition 2 of 1mm, high pressure argon gas enters jacket
It is interior, high pressure argon gas is further charged with to 150MPa, impregnates 1.0h.
4, after the completion of impregnating, jacket is taken out, and utilizes machining by jacket and carbon/composite copper material by power-off cooling
Expect that the copper of excess surface removes to get required carbon/carbon/carbon-copper composite material product.
The impregnation increment of the present embodiment copper reaches the 99.8% of theoretical impregnation increment.
Embodiment 2:
Prepare graphite/silver composite material that carbon-silver volume ratio is 70:30
1, sealing after the graphite that industrial fine silver and porosity are 30% being respectively charged into the upper inner cavity and lower inner cavity of jacket.
The additive amount of industrial fine silver is subject to be completely melt after can fill up the hole inside idle space and graphite in lower inner cavity.Its
In, the silver content of industrial fine silver is greater than 99.5%.
2, being evacuated to the vacuum degree in cylinder 4 by vacuum-pumping tube 3 is 10-3Big envelope after a.
3, the jacket after big envelope is put into the workspace of hot isostatic press, is passed through argon gas to 0.1MPa, according to 10 DEG C/
The heating rate of min after being heated to 1100 DEG C, keeps the temperature 0.5h, is filled with high pressure argon gas, until pressure is (i.e. high greater than 3MPa
It is pressed into the burst pressure of air bound plate 2), diameter 40mm, ruptured with a thickness of the high pressure admission partition 2 of 0.7mm, high pressure argon gas
Into in jacket, it is further charged with high pressure argon gas and boosts to 50MPa, impregnate 2h.
4, after the completion of impregnating, jacket is taken out, and utilizes machining by jacket and carbon/composite copper material by power-off cooling
Expect that the copper of excess surface removes to get required carbon/silver composite material product.
The impregnation increment of the present embodiment silver reaches the 99.2% of theoretical impregnation increment.
Embodiment 3:
Carbon-copper volume is prepared than the graphite for 80:20/copper-tin alloy composite material
1, the graphite that copper-tin alloy (Theil indices 6.5wt.%) and porosity are 20% is respectively charged into the upper inner cavity of jacket
With sealing rear in lower inner cavity.The additive amount of copper-tin alloy is can fill up in idle space and graphite in lower inner cavity after being completely melt
Subject to the hole in portion.
2, being evacuated to the vacuum degree in cylinder 4 by vacuum-pumping tube 3 is 10-3Big envelope after a.
3, the jacket after big envelope is put into the workspace of hot isostatic press, is passed through argon gas to 0.1MPa, according to 7 DEG C/min
Heating rate, after being heated to 1200 DEG C, keep the temperature 2h, be filled with high pressure argon gas, until pressure be greater than 4MPa (i.e. high pressure admission
The burst pressure of partition 2), it diameter 35mm, is ruptured with a thickness of the high pressure admission partition 2 of 0.8mm, high pressure argon gas enters packet
In set, it is further charged with high pressure argon gas and boosts to 180MPa, impregnate 1.5h.
4, after the completion of impregnating, jacket is taken out, and utilizes machining by jacket and carbon/composite copper material by power-off cooling
Expect that the copper-tin alloy of excess surface removes to get required composite products.
The impregnation increment of the present embodiment copper-tin alloy reaches the 100% of theoretical impregnation increment.
Embodiment 4:
Prepare graphite/aluminium composite material that carbon-aluminium volume ratio is 90:10
1, sealing after the graphite that commercial-purity aluminium and porosity are 10% being respectively charged into the upper inner cavity and lower inner cavity of jacket.
The additive amount of commercial-purity aluminium is subject to be completely melt after can fill up the hole inside idle space and graphite in lower inner cavity.
2, being evacuated to the vacuum degree in cylinder 4 by vacuum-pumping tube 3 is 10-3Big envelope after a.
3, the jacket after big envelope is put into the workspace of hot isostatic press, is passed through argon gas to 0.1MPa, according to 9 DEG C/min
Heating rate, after being heated to 800 DEG C, keep the temperature 1.5h, be filled with high pressure argon gas, until pressure be greater than 1MPa (i.e. high pressure into
The burst pressure of air bound plate 2), it diameter 50mm, is ruptured with a thickness of the high pressure admission partition 2 of 0.4mm, high pressure argon gas enters
In jacket, 200MPa is further boosted to, impregnates 0.5h.
4, after the completion of impregnating, jacket is taken out in power-off cooling, and using being machined that jacket and graphite/aluminium is compound
The extra aluminium of material surface removes to get required composite products.
The impregnation increment of the present embodiment aluminium reaches the 99.5% of theoretical impregnation increment.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of hot isostatic pressing dipping systems, which is characterized in that the hot isostatic pressing dipping systems include jacket and hot isostatic pressing
Machine;
The jacket include upper end cover (1), high pressure admission partition (2), vacuum-pumping tube (3), cylinder (4), bearing material partition (6) and under
End cap (8);
The high pressure admission partition (2) is arranged on the upper end cover (1);The upper end cover (1), high pressure admission partition (2) and
The cylinder (4) are tightly connected into a sealing container by lower cover (8);The burst pressure of the high pressure admission partition (2) is small
In the burst pressure of the upper end cover (1) other parts;
The vacuum-pumping tube (3) is connected to by the upper end cover (1) with the cylinder (4);
The inner cavity of the cylinder (4) is divided into upper inner cavity and lower inner cavity by the bearing material partition (6);The upper inner cavity and lower inner cavity
It is respectively used to place impregnating metal and workpiece to be soaked;The impregnating metal is placed on the bearing material partition (6);The bearing material partition
(6) several through-holes are distributed on;
The jacket is placed in the workspace of the hot isostatic press.
2. hot isostatic pressing dipping systems according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the high pressure admission partition (2) it is quick-fried
Broken pressure is 1~5MPa.
3. hot isostatic pressing dipping systems according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the shape of the high pressure admission partition (2)
Shape is circle, and diameter is 30~50mm, with a thickness of 0.4~1.0mm.
4. hot isostatic pressing dipping systems according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the bearing material partition (6) with a thickness of
10~15mm;The aperture of the through-hole is 10~20mm.
5. hot isostatic pressing dipping systems according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, which is characterized in that the jacket is molybdenum packet
Set.
6. a kind of hot isostatic pressing dipping method, which is characterized in that the hot isostatic pressing dipping method is appointed using in claim 1-5
Hot isostatic pressing dipping systems described in one are realized, are included the following steps:
Step 1: being sealed by impregnating metal and after soaking in the upper inner cavity and lower inner cavity that workpiece is respectively charged into jacket;
Step 2: being evacuated to the vacuum degree in cylinder (4) by vacuum-pumping tube (3) is 1*10-2~1*10-3Big envelope after Pa;
It is impregnated Step 3: the jacket after big envelope is put into hot isostatic press;
Step 4: powering off cooling after dipping, the metal of removal jacket and nanocarbon/metal composite material surface after jacket is taken out, is obtained
Nanocarbon/metal composite material;
The workpiece to be soaked is graphite or carbon/carbon compound material.
7. hot isostatic pressing dipping method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in step 1, the impregnating metal is complete
The internal void of idle space and workpiece to be soaked can be at least filled up after running down;
The idle space be the lower inner cavity in except it is described wait soak space occupied by workpiece in addition to other spaces;It is described wait soak
The interior porosity of workpiece is 10~30%.
8. hot isostatic pressing dipping method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the detailed process in step 3 are as follows:
Jacket after big envelope is placed in the workspace of hot isostatic press by step 31, is passed through argon gas to 0.1MPa, according to 5~10
DEG C/heating rate of min, heat temperature raising, until temperature is 100~200 DEG C higher than the fusing point of the impregnating metal, heat preservation 0.5~
2h;
Step 32 continues to be passed through high pressure argon gas, until the pressure on high pressure admission partition (2) is more than high pressure admission partition (2)
It is ruptured after burst pressure, high pressure argon gas enters in jacket;
Step 33 continues to be passed through high pressure argon gas, under the impregnation pressure of 50~200MPa, impregnates 0.5~2h.
9. hot isostatic pressing dipping method described according to claim 6 or 7 or 8, which is characterized in that the impregnating metal is pure
One of aluminium, aluminium alloy, fine silver, silver alloy, fine copper or copper alloy.
10. a kind of nanocarbon/metal composite wood prepared using hot isostatic pressing dipping method described in any one of claim 6-9
Material, which is characterized in that carbon and metal volume fraction in the nanocarbon/metal composite material are 70~90:10~30.
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