CN106660551B - 用于施工机械的轮驱动系统 - Google Patents

用于施工机械的轮驱动系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106660551B
CN106660551B CN201580028025.5A CN201580028025A CN106660551B CN 106660551 B CN106660551 B CN 106660551B CN 201580028025 A CN201580028025 A CN 201580028025A CN 106660551 B CN106660551 B CN 106660551B
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Prior art keywords
drive shaft
wheel
speed changer
forward side
motor
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CN106660551A (zh
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郑银洙
金昌铉
金东牧
曹伊亨
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HD Hyundai Infracore Co Ltd
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Doosan Infracore Co Ltd
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
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    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B60K17/165—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
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    • B60K17/35—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
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    • B60K23/0808—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles for varying torque distribution between driven axles, e.g. by transfer clutch
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/915—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/916—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev with plurality of drive axles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/915—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/917—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev with transmission for changing gear ratio
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Abstract

本发明涉及轮驱动系统，其包括：发动机，连接在发动机以产生电能；前桥，通过前方驱动轴至少驱动一个前方轮；后桥，通过后方驱动轴至少驱动一个后方轮；中央连接单元，被配置成能够分别连接至前方驱动轴和后方驱动轴。前桥和后桥分别包括：前方电动机和后方电动机，用于产生驱动扭矩；前方变速器和后方变速器，用于根据施工机械的速度将所述驱动扭矩转换为需要的变换扭矩并分别向前方轮和后方轮传递。由于多个变速器可以具有相互不同的变速比和变速点，所以多个变速器在满足工机械需要的牵引荷载的同时当变速时可以连续传递扭矩。而且，由于可以使用轻小型，所以可以使施工机械轻量化、小型化，并且可以改善燃油效率以及改善工作效率。

Description

用于施工机械的轮驱动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于施工机械的轮驱动系统。具体而言，是关于混合动力的施工机械的轮驱动系统。
背景技术
近年来对分别利用发动机和发电机为动力源的混合动力的驱动系统的研究呈增长趋势。具有所述混合动力的驱动系统的施工机械需要执行常规行驶至高荷重工作，因此所述施工机械的前桥以及后桥分别包括的电动机需要分别可以产生低扭矩至高扭矩。
通常可以产生高扭矩的电动机重量会很重，具有大体积以及高价格。因此具有所述电动机的施工机械重量变重、体积变大，所以会产生所述施工机械燃油效率以及工作效率降低的问题。
在具有所述混合动力驱动系统的施工机械中，考虑到多个电动机分别驱动多个轮的情况，需要新轮驱动系统来分别减轻所述电动机的负荷条件并且分别增加所述电动机的轮驱动效率。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种轮驱动系统，用于提高轮驱动效率。
为实现上述本发明的一个目的轮驱动系统包括：发电机，连接在发动机以产生电能；前桥，具有前方电动机与前方变速器，所述前方电动机用于驱动至少一个前方轮并且接收所述发电机供应的所述电能以产生驱动扭矩，所述前方变速器用于接收所述电动机供应的所述驱动扭矩并且根据施工机械的速度将所述驱动扭矩转换为需要的变换扭矩并通过前方驱动轴向所述前方轮传递；后桥，具有后方电动机与后方变速器，所述后方电动机用于驱动至少一个后方轮并且接收所述发电机供应的所述电能以产生驱动扭矩，所述后方变速器用于接收所述电动机供应的所述驱动扭矩并且根据所述施工机械的速度将所述驱动扭矩转换为需要的变换扭矩并通过后方驱动向所述后方轮传递；以及中央连接单元，被配置成能够分别连接至所述前方驱动轴和所述后方驱动轴，并且用于在所述前桥以及所述后桥之间相互传递所述驱动扭矩。
根据示例性实施例，所述前方变速器以及所述后方变速器可以分别被配置成具有至少两个变速段数，并且在相同的变速段所述前方变速器具有第一变速比，所述后方变速器具有与所述第一变速比不同的第二变速比。
根据示例性实施例，所述第一变速比可以大于所述第二变速比。
根据示例性实施例，所述前方变速器被配置成当所述施工机械达到第一变速允许速度时能够进行变速，所述后方变速器可以被配置成当所述施工机械达到与第一变速允许速度不同的第二变速允许速度时能够进行变速。
根据示例性实施例，所述前方变速器以及所述后方变速器可以被配置成具有至少两个变速段数，当所述施工机械的所述速度在第一变速允许速度至第二变速允许速度范围内时所述前方变速器和所述后方变速器可以位于相互不同的变速段。
根据示例性实施例，所述前方轮包括：前方左侧轮和前方右侧轮；所述前方驱动轴可以包括：分别连接至所述前方左侧轮和所述前方右侧轮的前方左侧驱动轴以及前方右侧驱动轴。所述前桥还包括：前方驱动轴连接单元，用于连接所述前方左侧驱动轴以及所述前方右侧驱动轴；所述中央连接单元可以被配置成能够与所述前方驱动轴连接单元连接。
根据示例性实施例，所述前方驱动轴连接单元可以包括差动齿轮。
根据示例性实施例，所述后方轮包括：后方左侧轮和后方右侧轮；所述后方驱动轴可以包括：分别连接至所述后方左侧轮和所述后方右侧轮的后方左侧驱动轴以及后方右侧驱动轴。所述后桥还包括：后方驱动轴连接单元，用于连接所述后方左侧驱动轴以及所述后方右侧驱动轴；所述中央连接单元可以被配置成能够与所述后方驱动轴连接单元连接。
根据示例性实施例，所述后方驱动轴连接单元可以包括差动齿轮。
混合动力施工机械当执行高荷重工作时荷重集中在所述施工机械的前桥或后桥。特别在于轮式装载机的前进挖掘或拖拉机的牵引，所述荷重集中在所述前桥，而所述荷重不作用于所述后桥。但是，所述前桥以及所述后桥需要分别包括可以产生高扭矩的电动机。可以产生高扭矩的电动机通常很重、体积很大，所以会降低所述施工机械燃油效率以及工作效率。
根据示例性实施例的轮驱动系统，将最大输出扭矩不大但是轻小型的前方电动机以及后方电动机分别连接在前方变速器以及后方变速器，并且将所述前方电动机以及所述后方电动机分别产生的低驱动扭矩转换成高变换扭矩以分别驱动前方轮以及后方轮。因此，可以减少所述施工机械的重量并且可以改善所述施工机械的燃油效率以及工作效率。而且，由于所述前方变速器和所述后方变速器具有相互不同的变速比，所以在满足所述施工机械需要的牵引荷载的同时，使从所述前方变速器以及所述后方变速器发生变速时瞬间产生的扭矩无中断地传递，从而使所述施工机械可以执行高荷重工作。
而且，由所述后桥驱动的后方轮无法将所述变换扭矩作用于地面时，通过中央连接单元可以将由所述后桥产生的所述变换扭矩向所述前桥传递。因此，由于所述前方电动机以及所述后方电动机可以分开负担负荷，所以可以减少所述前方电动机以及所述后方电动机的负荷条件，并且可以由最大输出扭矩不大但是轻小型的电动机构成。因此所述施工机械通过轻重量改善燃油效率并且可以提高工作效率。
但是，本发明的效果并不限定于所述言及的效果，在不脱离本发明的思想以及领域范围内，可以进行多种扩展。
附图说明
图1是根据示例性实施例的轮驱动系统的截面图。
图2是根据具有图1的轮驱动系统的施工机械速度的扭矩的曲线图。
图3是图1的轮驱动系统常规行驶时每个轮将变换扭矩向地面传递的截面图。
图4是图1的轮驱动系统高荷重工作时每个轮将变换扭矩向地面传递的截面图。
附图标记说明
100：发动机102：发动机轴
200：发电机210：综合逆变器
220：能量回收装置300：前桥
302：前方左侧驱动轴304：前方右侧驱动轴
310：前方左侧轮312：前方右侧轮
320：前方左侧电动机322：前方右侧电动机
330：前方左侧轮制动器332：前方右侧轮制动器
340：前方左侧减速器342：前方右侧减速器
350：前方驱动轴连接单元360：前方左侧变速器
362：前方右侧变速器400：后桥
402：后方左侧驱动轴404：后方右侧驱动轴
410：后方左侧轮412：后方右侧轮
420：后方左侧电动机422：后方右侧电动机
430：后方左侧轮制动器432：后方右侧轮制动器
440：后方左侧减速器442：后方右侧减速器
450：后方驱动轴连接单元460：后方左侧变速器
462：后方右侧变速器500：中央连接单元
具体实施方式
对于本文公开的本发明的实施例，特定的结构或功能性说明仅仅用于说明本发明的实施例，本发明的实施例可以以多种形态实施并且并不限定于本文说明的实施例。
本发明可以有多种变化并可以具有多种形态，将特定的实施例示例在示意图并详细地在本文说明。但该实施例不被本发明特定的公开形态限定，并且包括本发明的思想以及技术范围包括的所有变化，等同物以及代替物。
第一、第二等术语可以使用在多种构成要素的说明，但所述构成要素并不限定于所述术语。使用所述术语的目的在于可以区别一个构成要素与另一个构成要素。例如，在不脱离本发明的权利要求的范围下，第一构成要素可以命名为第二构成要素，类似的第二构成要素可以命名为第一构成要素。
在提到一个构成要素‘连接’或‘衔接’在另一构成要素时，有可能与那个另一构成要素直接连接或链接，但中间同样有可能存在其他的构成要素。相反地，提到一个构成要素‘直接连接’或‘直接衔接’时，中间不存在其他构成要素。说明构成要素之间关系的其他表达，即‘…之间’和‘就在…之间’或‘…相邻’和‘…直接相邻’同样跟上述情况相同。
本申请使用的术语仅仅用于说明特定实施例而使用的，没有限定本发明的意图。除上下文明确地表示不同之外，单数的表达包括复数。在本申请，‘包括’或‘具有’等术语用于指定设计的特征、数字、步骤、动作、构成要素、部件或其组合物的存在，而不是提前排除一个或一个以上的其他特征或数字、步骤、动作、构成要素、部件或其组合物的存在或其他附加的可能性。
没有另行定义时，包括技术性或科学性术语，在这里使用的所有术语与本发明技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的术语具有相同含义。通常的使用的，像在字典定义的术语与关联技术的上下文具有的含义一致，除本申请明确定义外，不被诠释成异常或过度的形式的含义。
以下，参照附图，详细地说明本发明的实施例。对示意图的相同的构成要素使用相同的附图标记，对相同的构成要素省略重复的说明。
图1是根据示例性实施例的轮驱动系统的截面图。图2是根据具有图1的轮驱动系统的施工机械速度的扭矩的曲线图。图3是图1的轮驱动系统常规行驶时每个轮将变换扭矩向地面传递的截面图。图4是图1的轮驱动系统高荷重工作时每个轮将变换扭矩向地面传递的截面图。
参照图1至图4，轮驱动系统可以包括：发电机200，连接在发动机以产生电能；前桥300，通过前方驱动轴至少驱动一个前方轮；后桥400，通过后方驱动轴至少驱动一个后方轮；以及中央连接单元500被配置成能够分别连接至所述前方驱动轴和所述后方驱动轴。
前桥300可以包括：前方电动机，用于接收发电机200供应的所述电能以产生驱动扭矩；以及前方变速器，用于接收所述电动机供应的所述驱动扭矩并且根据施工机械的速度将所述驱动扭矩转换为需要的变换扭矩并通过前方驱动轴向所述前方轮传递。
后桥400可以包括：后方电动机，用于接收发电机200供应的所述电能以产生驱动扭矩；以及后方变速器，用于接收所述电动机供应的所述驱动扭矩并且根据施工机械的速度将所述驱动扭矩转换为需要的变换扭矩并通过后方驱动轴向所述后方轮传递。
根据示例性实施例，所述前方轮包括：前方左侧轮310以及前方右侧轮312；所述前方驱动轴可以包括：分别连接至所述前方左侧轮310和所述前方右侧轮312的前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304。
所述前方变速器可以包括：前方左侧变速器360以及前方右侧变速器362；所述前方电动机可以包括：前方左侧电动机320以及前方右侧电动机322。
所述后方轮包括：后方左侧轮410以及后方右侧轮412；所述后方驱动轴可以包括：分别连接至所述后方左侧轮410和所述后方右侧轮412的后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404。
所述后方变速器可以包括：后方左侧变速器460以及后方右侧变速器462；所述后方电动机可以包括：后方左侧电动机420以及后方右侧电动机422。
发动机100燃烧燃料以产生驱动力并通过发动机轴102可以将所述驱动力向发电机200传递。例如，发动机100可以是柴油发动机。不同于此，发动机100可以是液化天然气(LNG)发动机、压缩天然气(CNG)发动机、吸附天然气(ANG)发动机、液化石油气(LPG)发动机、或汽油发动机。
而且，液压泵(未图示)直接连接在发动机轴102，并且可以接收从发动机100传递的所述驱动力。所述液压泵向驱动器分别提供液压动力使所述液压泵驱动施工机械的附属装置。例如，所述可以包括动臂，铲斗等。
发电机200接收发动机100供应的所述驱动并利用电磁感应作用可以生产所述电能。例如，发电机200可以是交流发电机或直流发电机。发电机200通过综合逆变器210向前桥300以及后桥400分别供应所述生产的电能。
综合逆变器210可以将发电机200生产的所述电能从直流转换成交流，或从交流转换成直流。综合逆变器210可以转换所述电能的形态以使所述综合逆变器210能够分别连接在发电机200、前桥300、以及后桥400。一个综合逆变器210可以分别连接装置，所以可以提高所述施工机械的空间效率性。具体而言，综合逆变器210可以分别连接在发电机200、前桥300的前方左侧电动机320以及前方右侧电动机322、以及后桥400的后方左侧电动机420以及后方右侧电动机422。不同于此，还可以具备逆变器，用于发电机200、前桥300的前方左侧电动机320以及前方右侧电动机322、以及后桥400的后方左侧电动机420以及后方右侧电动机422。
根据示例性实施例，可以包括能量回收装置220，所述能量回收装置220与发电机200、前桥300的前方左侧电动机320以及前方右侧电动机322、以及后桥400的后方左侧电动机420以及后方右侧电动机422电连接并且用于存储电能。例如，能量回收装置220通过综合逆变器210可以分别与发电机200，前桥300的前方左侧电动机320以及前方右侧电动机322、以及后桥400的后方左侧电动机420以及后方右侧电动机422电连接。
能量回收装置220可以包括电池或电容器(capacitor)。例如，当所述施工机械被加速时，能量回收装置220通过综合逆变器210可以存储从发电机200生成并剩余的所述电能。而且，当所述施工机械被减速时，能量回收装置220通过综合逆变器210可以存储从前方左侧电动机320、前方右侧电动机322、后方左侧电动机420、以及后方右侧电动机422剩余的所述电能。当由发动机100供应的所述驱动力不稳定使发电机200无法稳定地生产所述电能时，能量回收装置220可以稳定地向前方左侧电动机320、前方右侧电动机322、后方左侧电动机420、以及后方右侧电动机422供应所述电能。
前桥300可以包括：前方左侧电动机320以及前方右侧电动机322，用于驱动前方左侧轮310以及前方右侧轮312，并且接收从发电机200供应的所述电能产生所述驱动扭矩；以及前方左侧变速器360以及前方右侧变速器362，用于根据施工机械的速度将所述驱动扭矩转换为需要的变换扭矩通过前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304分别向前方左侧轮310以及前方右侧轮312传递。
例如，前桥300还可以包括前方驱动轴连接单元350，用于连接前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304。
后桥400可以包括：后方左侧电动机460以及后方右侧电动机462，用于分别驱动后方左侧轮410以及后方右侧轮412，并且接收从发电机200供应的所述电能产生所述驱动扭矩；以及后方左侧变速器460以及后方右侧变速器462，用于根据施工机械的速度将所述驱动扭矩转换为需要的变换扭矩通过后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404分别向后方左侧轮410以及后方右侧轮412传递。
例如，后桥400还可以包括：后方驱动轴连接单元450，用于连接后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404。
前方左侧电动机320、前方右侧电动机322、后方左侧电动机420、以及后方右侧电动机422通过综合逆变器210接收从发电机200生产并供应的所述电能可以分别产生所述驱动扭矩。
例如，前方左侧电动机320、前方右侧电动机322、后方左侧电动机420、以及后方右侧电动机422可以包括交流电动机或直流电动机。而且，所述交流电动机可以是三相交流用电动机。不同于此所述交流电动机还可以是单相交流用电动机。
前方左侧变速器360、前方右侧变速器362、后方左侧变速器460、以及后方右侧变速器462接收从前方左侧电动机320、前方右侧电动机322、后方左侧电动机420、以及后方右侧电动机422分别供应的所述驱动扭矩，并且根据施工机械的速度将所述驱动扭矩可以分别转换为需要的变换扭矩，并且通过前方左侧驱动轴302、前方右侧驱动轴304、后方左侧驱动轴402、以及后方右侧驱动轴404可以分别驱动前方左侧轮310、前方右侧轮312、后方左侧轮410、以及后方右侧轮412。
前方左侧变速器360、前方右侧变速器362、后方左侧变速器460、以及后方右侧变速器462可以包括至少一个离合器以及至少一个减速器。所述离合器以及所述减速器可以配置在传动系统(gear train)。前方左侧变速器360、前方右侧变速器362、后方左侧变速器460、以及后方右侧变速器462使用多种配置以及多种直径的齿轮可以分别设定变速比。例如，前方左侧变速器360、前方右侧变速器362、后方左侧变速器460、以及后方右侧变速器462可以分别具有至少两个变速段数。
根据示例性实施例，在相同的变速段前方左侧变速器360、以及前方右侧变速器362具有第一变速比，后方左侧变速器460、以及后方右侧变速器462具有与所述第一变速比不同的第二变速比。而且，在相同的变速段所述第一变速比可以大于第二变速比。
例如，前方左侧变速器360，以及前方右侧变速器362在一段分别具有3：1的变速比，在二段可以具有1：1的变速比。后方左侧变速器460，以及后方右侧变速器462在一段分别具有2：1的变速比，在二段可以具有1：1的变速比。
而且，前方左侧变速器360，以及前方右侧变速器362可以分别配置成当所述施工机械达到第一变速允许速度w1时能够进行变速。后方左侧变速器460，以及后方右侧变速器462可以分别配置成当所述施工机械达到与第一变速允许速度w1不同的第二变速允许速度w2时能够进行变速。
根据示例性实施例，当所述施工机械的所述速度在第一变速允许速度w1至第二变速允许速度w2范围内时，所述前方变速器和所述后方变速器可以配置成位于相互不同的变速段。
如图2所示，基于根据前方左侧电动机320、前方右侧电动机322、后方左侧电动机420、以及后方右侧电动机422的电动机速度的驱动扭矩存在反比例关系。即，所述电动机速度与所述驱动扭矩的乘积存在预定关系。
前桥300的前方左侧变速器360以及前方右侧变速器362当所述施工机械的速度增加并达到所述第一变速允许速度w1时可以从一段变速为二段。而且，后桥400的后方左侧变速器460，以及后方右侧变速器462当所述施工机械的速度增加并达到所述第二变速允许速度w2时可以从一段变速为二段。
不同于此，前桥300的前方左侧变速器360以及前方右侧变速器362当所述施工机械的速度减少并达到第三变速允许速度w3时可以从二段变速为一段。而且，后桥400的后方左侧变速器460，以及后方右侧变速器462当所述施工机械的速度减少并达到第四变速允许速度w4时可以从二段变速为一段。
前方左侧变速器360、前方右侧变速器362、后方左侧变速器460、以及后方右侧变速器462根据所述施工机械的速度将前方左侧电动机320、前方右侧电动机322、后方左侧电动机420、以及后方右侧电动机422分别产生的所述驱动扭矩转换成需要的变换扭矩，从而可以分别驱动前方左侧轮310、前方右侧轮312、后方左侧轮410、以及后方右侧轮412。
所述施工机械需要执行高荷重工作，因此需要具备可以产生高扭矩的电动机。通常可以产生高扭矩的电动机大小为大型而且沉重。将轻型但是最大扭矩不大的所述前方电动机以及所述后方电动机分别连接在所述前方变速器以及所述后方变速器以将低驱动扭矩转换成高变换扭矩，以此可以驱动所述前方轮以及所述后方轮。因此，可以减少所述施工机械的重量、可以降低其价格并且可以改善所述施工机械的燃油效率以及工作效率。
前桥300产生的扭矩与后桥400产生的扭矩的合可以满足所述施工机械需要的牵引荷载。若通过使所述前方变速器变速为一段以及所述后方变速器变速为一段、使所述前方变速器变速为二段以及所述后方变速器变速为一段、以及使所述前方变速器变速为二段以及所述后方变速器变速为二段，在所述施工机械上实现适当的变速，则根据示例性实施例的轮驱动系统根据所述施工机械的速度可以产生需要的扭矩。
当所述前方变速器以及所述后方变速器具有相同变速比时，因由瞬间发生所述变速而产生的扭矩传递的中断，会在高荷重工作时产生多种问题。根据示例性实施例的轮驱动系统，其中，所述前方变速器具有所述第一变速比，所述后方变速器可以具有与所述第一变速比不同的所述第二变速比。而且，所述前方变速器被配置成当所述施工机械达到所述第一变速允许速度时能够进行变速，所述后方变速器可以被配置成当所述施工机械达到与所述第一变速允许速度不同的第二变速允许速度时能够进行变速。
因此，根据示例性实施例的轮驱动系统满足所述施工机械需要的所述牵引荷载的同时，无中断地传递变速时产生的扭矩并执行高荷重工作。
前方左侧轮310以及前方右侧轮312通过前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304分别与前方左侧变速器360，以及前方右侧变速器362连接并且可以被驱动。前方左侧轮310以及前方右侧轮312与轮胎(未图示)一同支撑荷重并且可以将所述变换扭矩向地面传递。而且，前方左侧轮310以及前方右侧轮312可以执行转向作用以及制动作用。
前桥300还可以包括：前方驱动轴连接单元350，用于连接前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304。例如，前方驱动轴连接单元350可以包括差动齿轮。
前方驱动轴连接单元350可以将从将要后述的中央连接单元500传递的所述变换扭矩分别向前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304传递。不同于此，前方驱动轴连接单元350可以将从前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304传递的所述变换扭矩向中央连接单元500传递。而且，前方驱动轴连接单元350可以使分别连接在前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304的前方左侧轮310以及前方右侧轮312可以以相互不同的速度旋转。
后方左侧轮410以及后方右侧轮412通过后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404分别与后方左侧变速器460，以及后方右侧变速器462连接并且可以被驱动。后方左侧轮410以及后方右侧轮412与轮胎(未图示)一同支撑荷重并且可以将所述变换扭矩向地面传递。而且，后方左侧轮410以及后方右侧轮412可以执行制动作用。
后桥400还可以包括：后方驱动轴连接单元450，用于连接后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404。例如，后方驱动轴连接单元450可以包括差动齿轮。
后方驱动轴连接单元450可以将从将要后述的中央连接单元500传递的所述变换扭矩分别向后桥400的后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404传递。不同于此，后方驱动轴连接单元450可以将从后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404传递的所述变换扭矩向中央连接单元500传递。而且，后方驱动轴连接单元450可以使分别连接在后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404的后方左侧轮410以及后方右侧轮412可以以相互不同的速度旋转。
中央连接单元500被配置成分别可以与所述前方驱动轴以及所述后方驱动轴连接，并且在前桥300与后桥400之间可以相互传递所述变换扭矩。
例如，中央连接单元500通过前方驱动轴连接单元350分别与前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304连接，通过后方驱动轴连接单元450分别可以与后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404连接。
中央连接单元500通过后方驱动轴连接单元450接收从后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404传递并供应的所述变换扭矩，可以将所述变换扭矩通过前方驱动轴连接单元350向前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304供应。而且，中央连接单元500通过前方驱动轴连接单元350接收从前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304传递并供应的所述变换扭矩，可以将所述变换扭矩通过后方驱动轴连接单元450分别向后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404供应。
根据示例性实施例，中央连接单元500可以包括抵抗强旋转力以及扭转的空心钢管(steel pipe)。不同于此，中央连接单元500可以包括合金或碳纤维等复杂材料以提高燃油效率或提高动力传递功能。例如，中央连接单元500可以包括传动轴(propeller shaft)。
而且，中央连接单元500通过万能接头(未图示)可以将中央连接单元500分别与前方驱动轴连接单元350以及后方驱动轴连接单元450连接。
中央连接单元500可以包括扭转震动阻尼部(未图示)，用于减少由于前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304的平均速度与后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404平均速度阶段性不同而产生的扭转。例如，当所述施工机械经过包括阶段性变动的地面时，所述扭转震动阻尼部可以减少在过渡状态过程中由前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304的平均速度与后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404平均速度的差异而产生的扭曲。例如，中央连接单元500还可以包括扭振减振器(torsional damper)。
根据示例性实施例，在前桥300的前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304上分别还可以包括：前方左侧减速器340以及前方右侧减速器342。在前桥300的前方左侧驱动轴302以及前方右侧驱动轴304上分别还可以包括：前方左侧轮制动器330以及前方右侧轮制动器332。
而且，在后桥400的后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404上分别还可以包括：后方左侧减速器440以及后方右侧减速器442。在后桥400的后方左侧驱动轴402以及后方右侧驱动轴404上分别还可以包括：后方左侧轮制动器430以及后方右侧轮制动器432。
前方左侧减速器340、前方右侧减速器342、后方左侧减速器440、以及后方右侧减速器442减少前方左侧轮310、前方右侧轮312、后方左侧轮410、以及后方右侧轮412的旋转速度，分别可以增加前方左侧轮310、前方右侧轮312、后方左侧轮410、以及后方右侧轮412的扭矩。前方左侧轮制动器330、前方右侧轮制动器332、后方左侧轮制动器430、以及后方右侧轮制动器432分别可以制动前方左侧轮310、前方右侧轮312、后方左侧轮410、以及后方右侧轮412。
如图3所示，当施工机械常规行驶时根据示例性实施例的轮驱动系统的前方左侧电动机320、前方右侧电动机322、后方左侧电动机420、以及后方右侧电动机422分别提供约25的扭矩。而且，前方左侧轮310、前方右侧轮312、后方左侧轮410、以及后方右侧轮412将约25的驱动扭矩作用于地面并且可以驱动所述施工机械。
如图4所示，当所述施工机械执行高荷重工作时荷重主要集中在施工机械的前桥300，因为由后桥400驱动的后方左侧轮410以及后方右侧轮412有可能在地面滑动甚至悬浮于地面，导致后方左侧轮410以及后方右侧轮412无法将扭矩作用于地面。例如，在于轮式装载机的前进挖掘、轮拖拉机的牵引，当荷重集中在前桥300时，由于荷重不作用于后桥400，所以后方左侧轮410以及后方右侧轮412分别产生车轮打滑(wheel slip)，并且仅前方左侧轮310以及前方右侧轮312的扭矩作用于地面。
根据示例性实施例的轮驱动系统，其中，后桥400以及前桥300分别由中央连接单元500连接，所以由后桥400驱动的后方左侧轮410以及后方右侧轮412因所述车轮打滑无法增加速度，并且从后桥400产生的变换扭矩通过中央连接单元500可以传递至前桥300。
具体而言，后方左侧电动机420以及后方右侧电动机422产生的驱动扭矩通过后方驱动轴连接单元450传递至中央连接单元500。后方左侧电动机420以及后方右侧电动机422分别产生约25的扭矩并将约50的扭矩传递至中央连接单元500。传递至中央连接单元500的约50的扭矩通过前方驱动轴连接单元350传递至方左侧轮310以及前方右侧轮312。因此，若前方左侧电动机320、前方右侧电动机322、后方左侧电动机420、以及后方右侧电动机422分别产生相当于约25的扭矩，则可以将约50的扭矩分别向前方左侧轮310以及前方右侧轮312传递。
因此，在由后桥400驱动的后方左侧轮410以及后方右侧轮412无法将所述变换扭矩作用于地面的情况下，由于可以将通过中央连接单元500由后桥400产生的所述变换扭矩向前桥300传递，所以可以减少前方左侧电动机320、前方右侧电动机322、后方左侧电动机420、以及后方右侧电动机422的负荷条件，在仅向前桥300或后桥400施加负荷的情况下，多个电动机(前方左侧驱动轴302，前方右侧驱动轴304，后方左侧驱动轴402，后方右侧驱动轴404)可以适当地分配并负担负荷。
前方左侧电动机320、前方右侧电动机322、后方左侧电动机420、以及后方右侧电动机422的最大输出扭矩可以不高，并且所述施工机械可以由轻小型的电动机构成。可以实现所述施工机械的小型化，由于轻重量可以改善燃油效率并且提高工作效率。
以上是参照本发明的实施例说明的，本领域普通技术人员可以理解，在不脱离本专利权利要求范围记载的本发明的思想以及领域的范围内，本发明可以进行多种修正以及变更。

Claims (7)

1.一种轮驱动系统，包括：
发电机，连接在发动机以产生电能；
前桥，具有前方电动机与前方变速器，所述前方电动机用于驱动至少一个前方轮并且接收所述发电机供应的所述电能以产生驱动扭矩，所述前方变速器用于接收所述前方电动机供应的所述驱动扭矩并且根据施工机械的速度将所述驱动扭矩转换为变换扭矩通过前方驱动轴向所述前方轮传递；
后桥，具有后方电动机与后方变速器，所述后方电动机用于驱动至少一个后方轮并且接收所述发电机供应的所述电能以产生驱动扭矩，所述后方变速器用于接收所述后方电动机供应的所述驱动扭矩并且根据所述施工机械的速度将所述驱动扭矩转换为需要的变换扭矩并通过后方驱动轴向所述后方轮传递；以及
中央连接单元，被配置成能够分别连接至所述前桥和所述后桥，并且用于在所述前桥以及所述后桥之间相互传递所述驱动扭矩，
所述前方轮包括前方左侧轮和前方右侧轮，所述后方轮包括后方左侧轮和后方右侧轮，
所述前方驱动轴包括分别连接至所述前方左侧轮和所述前方右侧轮的前方左侧驱动轴以及前方右侧驱动轴，所述后方驱动轴包括分别连接至所述后方左侧轮和所述后方右侧轮的后方左侧驱动轴以及后方右侧驱动轴，
所述前方变速器包括前方左侧变速器以及前方右侧变速器，所述后方变速器包括后方左侧变速器以及后方右侧变速器，
所述前方电动机包括通过所述前方左侧变速器连接于所述前方左侧驱动轴的前方左侧电动机、以及通过所述前方右侧变速器连接于所述前方右侧驱动轴的前方右侧电动机，
所述后方电动机包括通过所述后方左侧变速器连接于所述后方左侧驱动轴的后方左侧电动机、以及通过所述后方右侧变速器连接于所述后方右侧驱动轴的后方右侧电动机，
所述前方左侧驱动轴及所述前方右侧驱动轴由前方驱动轴连接单元连接，所述后方左侧驱动轴及所述后方右侧驱动轴由后方驱动轴连接单元连接，
所述中央连接单元能够动作地所述前方驱动轴连接单元及所述后方驱动轴连接单元。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轮驱动系统，其特征在于，
所述前方变速器以及所述后方变速器被配置成具有至少两个变速段数，并且在相同的变速段所述前方变速器具有第一变速比，所述后方变速器具有与所述第一变速比不同的第二变速比。
3.根据权利要求2所述的轮驱动系统，其特征在于，
所述第一变速比大于所述第二变速比。
4.根据权利要求1所述的轮驱动系统，其特征在于，
所述前方变速器被配置成当所述施工机械达到第一变速允许速度时能够进行变速，
所述后方变速器被配置成当所述施工机械达到与第一变速允许速度不同的第二变速允许速度时能够进行变速。
5.根据权利要求1所述的轮驱动系统，其特征在于，
所述前方变速器以及所述后方变速器具有至少两个变速段数，当所述施工机械的所述速度在第一变速允许速度至第二变速允许速度范围内时所述前方变速器和所述后方变速器能够位于相互不同的变速段。
6.根据权利要求1所述的轮驱动系统，其特征在于，
所述前方驱动轴连接单元包括差动齿轮。
7.根据权利要求1所述的轮驱动系统，其特征在于，所述后方驱动轴连接单元包括差动齿轮。
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