CN106656374A - Cooperative broadband spectrum sensing method based on double-threshold energy detection - Google Patents
Cooperative broadband spectrum sensing method based on double-threshold energy detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN106656374A CN106656374A CN201611244166.3A CN201611244166A CN106656374A CN 106656374 A CN106656374 A CN 106656374A CN 201611244166 A CN201611244166 A CN 201611244166A CN 106656374 A CN106656374 A CN 106656374A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/382—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels for resource allocation, admission control or handover
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a cooperative broadband spectrum sensing method based on double-threshold energy detection, which is a multiuser multichannel cooperative spectrum sensing method based on double-threshold energy detection. In the method, a secondary user in a cognitive radio network only needs to detect a few narrow band channels during wideband spectrum sensing, make local decisions based on the sensing results of these sub-channels, and upload the judgment results to a data fusion center in a network to perform secondary data fusion so as to make the final global decision. By adoption of the cooperative broadband spectrum sensing method provided by the invention, the requirements of the secondary user for the signal sampling rate and related devices during the broadband spectrum sensing can be reduced, the detection performance of the cognitive radio network is improved, and thus the interference to the normal communication of a primary user is avoided.
Description
Technical field
It is the present invention relates to a kind of cognitive radio frequency spectrum sensing method more particularly to a kind of based on double threshold energy measuring
Cooperation broader frequency spectrum cognitive method.
Background technology
As the appearance of the fast development of wireless communication technology, various types of wireless communication systems and business causes wireless frequency spectrum to provide
Source day is becoming tight, and form powerful contrast therewith is then lack of uniformity of the radio spectrum resources in use, and frequency spectrum has been authorized
Utilization rate it is relatively low, the time and spatially there is substantial amounts of idle frequency spectrum.Cognitive radio (Cognitive Radio,
CR) technology is a kind of by perceiving extraneous radio environment, and some systematic parameters are changed in real time (such as through-put power, carrier frequency
Rate, modulation coding mode etc.), to reach the intelligent wireless communication system that can ensure high reliability at any time and any place
System.The user for authorizing frequency spectrum is referred to as primary user by cognitive radio system, and the user for sharing frequency spectrum is referred to as time user, and secondary user is led to
Cross and find to authorize the idle frequency spectrum of frequency range, and access with waiting for an opportunity and use such that it is able to greatly improve the utilization rate of frequency spectrum.
Frequency spectrum perception technology is the important guarantee that time user carries out effective identification to idle grants frequency range in CR systems, while
It is also that CR systems complete spectrum management, the premise of shared and information transmitting.Recently as the 5th third-generation mobile communication, Internet of Things
The rise of the technology such as net and car networking, frequency spectrum perception technology is also developing towards broadband and Collaborative direction.Broader frequency spectrum
The perception band limits of perception is general up to several GHz, and the secondary user in system is currently accessing Channel Detection to primary user
After signal, can switch to other idle channels and continue to communicate.Multi-user Cooperation frequency spectrum perception then can effectively overcome wireless channel
Present in the factor such as multipath fading, shadow effect and noise power uncertainty impact, and can reduce to broadband signal elder generation
The dependence of information is tested, detection performance is further improved.
Current cooperation broadband perceives and is all based on traditional energy measuring method greatly, relatively low in signal to noise ratio or noise change is violent
Scene under, the detection hydraulic performance decline of system is notable.
The content of the invention
Under broadband connections scene, the secondary user in CR systems to authorize frequency range detect when, if according to Nai Kuisi
Special criterion, need to more than the polydispersity index of 2 times of signal bandwidths, can bring higher sampling overhead and energy consumption, and to receiving terminal mould/
The hardware of number converter is realized proposing very high request；The energy measuring method being widely adopted in frequency spectrum perception is because of its decision gate
Limit determines according to noise level, therefore, detection poor-performing under low signal-to-noise ratio scene more sensitive to ambient noise.
The present invention relates to a kind of cooperation broader frequency spectrum cognitive method based on double threshold energy measuring, can effectively solving work as
The flase drop problem occurred when the signal energy value for perceiving is near judging threshold, can open up under low signal-to-noise ratio scene
Now good performance, improves CR systems for the utilization ratio of idle grants frequency range.
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of cooperation broader frequency spectrum sense based on double threshold energy measuring
Perception method, is a kind of frequency spectrum sensing method of the multi-user Cooperation being applied under the low signal-to-noise ratio scene of broadband, can be CR networks
In secondary user preferably detection performance is provided.In the present invention, the secondary user in CR networks is authorizing frequency range to examine in broadband
Before survey, first by whole broadband frequency range be divided into several narrowband subchannels and perceive it is therein a few, per on sub-channels
Frequency spectrum perception is carried out using double threshold energy measuring method, the sensing results of each sub-channels are uploaded at time user, each
These sensing results are merged and make local judgement by secondary user, then court verdict is uploaded in the data fusion in CR networks
The local judgement that secondary user in network makes is carried out data fusion by the heart, data fusion center according to "or" criterion, makes final
Global decision.
The present invention is employed the following technical solutions to solve above-mentioned technical problem：
The present invention provides a kind of cooperation broader frequency spectrum cognitive method based on double threshold energy measuring, comprises the following steps that：
Step 1, during secondary user's perception broadband mandate frequency range of cognitive radio networks, by the frequency range N number of sub- letter is divided into
Road；
Step 2, secondary user is perceived using double threshold energy measuring method to K sub-channels therein, wherein, 1≤K ＜
N, detailed process is：
2.1, according to false-alarm probability P of systemic presuppositionfThe local judging threshold λ of time user is tried to achieve, and combines time user
Noise uncertainty ρ at place tries to achieve two threshold values of double threshold energy measuring：Lower threshold ones λLWith higher threshold value λH；
2.2, secondary user makees energy measuring to K sub-channels, by energy observation Y of the reception signal of i-th subchanneli
Respectively with λL、λHIt is compared, if 0≤Yi＜ λL, then adjudicate and do not exist in the subchannel primary user's signal, upload court verdict
0；If Yi＞ λH, then adjudicate and there is primary user's signal in the subchannel, upload court verdict 1；If λL≤Yi≤λH, then Y is uploadediExtremely
At secondary user；Wherein, i ∈ [1, K]；
2.3, secondary user will obtain result d after the K-k energy observation for receiving addition, then d is compared with λ,
Court verdict 0 is drawn if 0≤d ＜ λ, court verdict 1 is drawn if d >=λ, wherein, k is the number of court verdict in 2.2；
2.4, if 2.3 court verdicts for obtaining and the 2.2 k court verdict sums for obtaining are less than 1, obtain this user
The local court verdict at place is 0, and the local court verdict at otherwise this time user is 1；
Step 3, the secondary user in cognitive radio networks is uploaded to local court verdict in the data fusion in network
The heart, data fusion center carries out data fusion using "or" criterion to the local court verdict of all users, as long as there is one
Secondary user perceives the presence of primary user's signal and judges there is primary user's signal in the mandate frequency range, and each user still needs to continue
Wait until and detect row access again when primary user's signal is not present.
As the further prioritization scheme of the present invention, local judging threshold in step 2.1
Wherein, Q-1() represents the inverse function of Q functions, and Q functions are defined asPfIt is default false-alarm probability,
N represents the sampling number for receiving signal,Represent noise variance.
As the further prioritization scheme of the present invention, lower threshold ones λ in step 2.1L=(1- ρ) λ, higher threshold value λH
=(1+ ρ) λ.
As the further prioritization scheme of the present invention, the energy observation of the reception signal of i-th subchannel in step 2.2Wherein n represents the sampling number for receiving signal, and y (j) is j-th sample value for receiving signal.
Used as the further prioritization scheme of the present invention, time user adopts double threshold energy measuring method at random to it in step 2
In K sub-channels perceived.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme compared with prior art, with following technique effect：
1. broadband mandate frequency range is first divided into some sub-channels by time user, and perceive it is therein a few, can be big
Width reduces broader frequency spectrum and perceives the higher sampling overhead and energy consumption for being brought, and can reduce to receiving terminal A/D converter
Hardware requirement；
2., per double threshold energy measuring is adopted on sub-channels, the signal energy value that perceives can effectively be reduced in sentencing
There is the probability of flase drop when certainly near threshold value；
3. the global decision result of system is formed through data fusion twice, further increases the detection performance of system,
Avoid the proper communication to primary user to interfere.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the cooperation broader frequency spectrum sensory perceptual system illustraton of model of double threshold energy measuring.
Fig. 2 is dual-threshold judgement schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is based on the cooperation broader frequency spectrum perception algorithm flow chart of double threshold energy measuring.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
As shown in Figure 1, it is assumed that there is M time user in a cognitive radio networks, then based on double threshold energy measuring
Cooperation broader frequency spectrum cognitive method be embodied as, as shown in figure 3, including following four step：
Step one：Secondary users in CR networks are first each to draw the frequency range before authorizing frequency range to perceive in broadband
It is divided into N number of subchannel, according to false-alarm probability P of systemic presuppositionfUtilizeOne formula can be tried to achieve each
Local judging threshold λ, Q-1() represents the inverse function of Q functions, and Q functions are defined asN is represented
The sampling number of signal is received,Represent noise variance；Then secondary user tries to achieve two-door in conjunction with local noise uncertainty ρ
Lower threshold ones λ in limit energy measuringL=(1- ρ) λ and higher threshold value λH=(1+ ρ) λ.
Step 2：Secondary user makees energy measuring (K ＜ N) to K in N number of subchannel, in subchannel after sampling
Receive signal and pass sequentially through analog/digital conversion module, squarer and integrator, try to achieve the Perspective of Energy of the reception signal in the subchannel
Measured valueI ∈ [1, K], n are the sampling number for receiving signal.As shown in Fig. 2 by YiSuccessively with two threshold values
λLAnd λHCompare, work as Yi＜ λLWhen, that is, adjudicate the subchannel and there is no primary user's signal, upload court verdict 0；Work as Yi＞ λH
When, that is, adjudicate and there is primary user's signal in the subchannel, upload court verdict 1；And work as YiWhen falling between two threshold values, directly
The energy observation of the subchannel is uploaded to secondary user, then what secondary user received comes from the information of i-th subchannel
RiIt is represented by：
Step 3：Assume have k to be made that court verdict in time K sub-channels of user's observation, remaining K-k sub-channels
Energy observation be uploaded directly, then secondary user can be added this K-k energy observation, obtain result of calculation d, and with it is secondary
The judging threshold λ of user compares, and obtains court verdict D, is then added with the court verdict of other k sub-channels again, with
After thresholding 1 compares, the local judgement F at this user is made, as shown in formula (2) and (3).
Step 4：When M time user of CR networks is after local judgement is made, court verdict can be uploaded in network
Data fusion center, in order to avoid disturbing the proper communication of primary user, in line with the principle for maximizing system detectio probability, data are melted
Conjunction center carries out data fusion using "or" criterion to the local court verdict of M time user, as long as there is one user's sense
Know that the presence of primary user's signal just can determine whether there is primary user's signal in the mandate frequency range, each time user still needs to continue waiting for,
Until detecting when primary user's signal is not present, again row is accessed.
The purpose of the present invention is to find a kind of relatively low to requirement on devices and more effective cognitive radio frequency spectrum sensing method
Authorize primary user's signal present in frequency range to monitor broadband, to reduce cognitive radio networks in time user data transfer pair
In the interference caused by primary user's signal, so as to improve the availability of frequency spectrum.Main innovation point is as follows：
1. broadband mandate frequency range is first divided into several frequency sub-band by time user in the method for the present invention, and is perceived therein
A few, can be greatly reduced broader frequency spectrum and perceive the higher sampling overhead and energy consumption and the requirement to hardware for being brought；
2. time user adopts double threshold energy measuring on each frequency sub-band, can effectively reduce when the signal energy for perceiving
There is the probability of flase drop when value is near judging threshold；Secondary user is merged the sensing results of each frequency sub-band and makes this
Ground judgement, it is ensured that the confidence level of court verdict；
3. the data fusion center in cognitive radio networks merges the local result that each user upload and makes finally
Global decision, it is secondary through data fusion twice, further increase the detection performance of system, it is to avoid primary to authorizing
The interference that the proper communication at family is caused.
Broader frequency spectrum cognitive method proposed in the present invention can be applicable in the technologies such as emerging Internet of Things i.e. car networking,
Access idle frequency spectrum and opportunistic in the presence of by issuing broadband mandate frequency range and wherein communicated, to improve frequency spectrum profit
With rate, alleviate the contradiction between the frequency spectrum resource supply and demand being becoming increasingly acute.
The above, the only specific embodiment in the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and appoints
What be familiar with the people of the technology disclosed herein technical scope in, it will be appreciated that the conversion expected or replacement, all should cover
The present invention include within the scope of, therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the protection domain of claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of cooperation broader frequency spectrum cognitive method based on double threshold energy measuring, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that：
Step 1, during secondary user's perception broadband mandate frequency range of cognitive radio networks, by the frequency range N number of subchannel is divided into；
Step 2, secondary user is perceived using double threshold energy measuring method to K sub-channels therein, wherein, 1≤K ＜ N, tool
Body process is：
2.1, according to false-alarm probability P of systemic presuppositionfThe local judging threshold λ of time user is tried to achieve, and combines making an uproar at time user
Sound uncertainty ρ tries to achieve two threshold values of double threshold energy measuring：Lower threshold ones λLWith higher threshold value λH；
2.2, secondary user makees energy measuring to K sub-channels, by energy observation Y of the reception signal of i-th subchanneliRespectively
With λL、λHIt is compared, if 0≤Yi＜ λL, then adjudicate and do not exist in the subchannel primary user's signal, upload court verdict 0；If Yi
＞ λH, then adjudicate and there is primary user's signal in the subchannel, upload court verdict 1；If λL≤Yi≤λH, then Y is uploadediTo time user
Place；Wherein, i ∈ [1, K]；
2.3, secondary user will obtain result d after the K-k energy observation for receiving addition, then d is compared with λ, if 0≤
D ＜ λ then draw court verdict 0, and court verdict 1 is drawn if d >=λ, wherein, k is the number of court verdict in 2.2；
2.4, if 2.3 court verdicts for obtaining and the 2.2 k court verdict sums for obtaining are less than 1, obtain at this user
Local court verdict is 0, and the local court verdict at otherwise this time user is 1；
Local court verdict is uploaded to step 3, the secondary user in cognitive radio networks the data fusion center in network, number
Data fusion is carried out to the local court verdict of all users using "or" criterion according to fusion center, as long as there is one user
The presence for perceiving primary user's signal judges there is primary user's signal in the mandate frequency range, and each time user still needs to continue waiting for,
Until detecting when primary user's signal is not present, again row is accessed.
2. a kind of cooperation broader frequency spectrum cognitive method based on double threshold energy measuring according to claim 1, its feature
It is, local judging threshold in step 2.1Wherein, PfIt is default false-alarm probability, Q-1
() represents Q functionsInverse function, n represent receive signal sampling number,Represent noise side
Difference.
3. a kind of cooperation broader frequency spectrum cognitive method based on double threshold energy measuring according to claim 1, its feature
It is, lower threshold ones λ in step 2.1L=(1- ρ) λ, higher threshold value λH=(1+ ρ) λ.
4. a kind of cooperation broader frequency spectrum cognitive method based on double threshold energy measuring according to claim 1, its feature
It is, the energy observation of the reception signal of i-th subchannel in step 2.2Wherein n represents reception signal
Sampling number, y (j) be receive signal j-th sample value.
5. a kind of cooperation broader frequency spectrum cognitive method based on double threshold energy measuring according to claim 1, its feature
It is that time user is perceived at random using double threshold energy measuring method to K sub-channels therein in step 2.
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Cited By (16)
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| CN107370548A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-11-21 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of cooperation broader frequency spectrum cognitive method based on radio environment map |
| CN107911825A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2018-04-13 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of user based on double threshold energy measuring selects cooperative frequency spectrum sensing method |
| CN108282789A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-07-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | LTE-U/WiFi shares unauthorized frequency range fairness guarantee method |
| CN108880712A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-11-23 | 重庆大学 | A kind of two steps cooperation accidental resonance energy detection algorithm |
| CN109274438A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-25 | 扬州万方电子技术有限责任公司 | A kind of adaptive double threshold co-interfere detection method and device |
| CN110740006A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-31 | 南京南瑞信息通信科技有限公司 | optimized Internet of things multi-band cooperative spectrum sensing method |
| WO2020037629A1 (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Co-operative sensing |
| CN111416671A (en) * | 2019-01-06 | 2020-07-14 | 海南大学 | Signal marking method for electromagnetic spectrum detection |
| CN111465023A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-28 | 山东大学 | Self-adaptive double-threshold spectrum sensing method based on historical energy information |
| CN111510232A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-07 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Vehicle networking combined spectrum sensing method based on neural network and application thereof |
| CN113347638A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-09-03 | 东北大学 | Dynamic cooperative spectrum prediction and sensing method for cognitive industry Internet of things |
| CN113472463A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-01 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Method for detecting interference constraint violation behavior of secondary user in cognitive wireless network |
| CN113595664A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-02 | 电子科技大学长三角研究院(湖州) | Spectrum sensing method of multi-user broadband communication system based on deep learning |
| CN113709750A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-26 | 南京邮电大学 | Frequency spectrum layering cooperative cognition method for Internet of things environment |
| WO2023155075A1 (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2023-08-24 | Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd. | Methods and systems for sharing a spectrum |
| CN113347638B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2024-04-30 | 东北大学 | Cognitive industrial Internet of things dynamic cooperation spectrum prediction and perception method |
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| CN107370548A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-11-21 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of cooperation broader frequency spectrum cognitive method based on radio environment map |
| CN107911825A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2018-04-13 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of user based on double threshold energy measuring selects cooperative frequency spectrum sensing method |
| CN107911825B (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2021-09-28 | 重庆邮电大学 | User selection cooperative spectrum sensing method based on double-threshold energy detection |
| CN108282789B (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2022-01-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | Method for guaranteeing fairness of LTE-U/WiFi shared unauthorized frequency band |
| CN108282789A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-07-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | LTE-U/WiFi shares unauthorized frequency range fairness guarantee method |
| CN108880712A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-11-23 | 重庆大学 | A kind of two steps cooperation accidental resonance energy detection algorithm |
| WO2020037629A1 (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Co-operative sensing |
| CN109274438B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2021-09-24 | 扬州万方电子技术有限责任公司 | Self-adaptive double-threshold cooperative interference detection method and device |
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| CN111416671A (en) * | 2019-01-06 | 2020-07-14 | 海南大学 | Signal marking method for electromagnetic spectrum detection |
| CN110740006A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-31 | 南京南瑞信息通信科技有限公司 | optimized Internet of things multi-band cooperative spectrum sensing method |
| CN111465023A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-28 | 山东大学 | Self-adaptive double-threshold spectrum sensing method based on historical energy information |
| CN111465023B (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2022-04-19 | 山东大学 | Self-adaptive double-threshold spectrum sensing method based on historical energy information |
| CN111510232A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-07 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Vehicle networking combined spectrum sensing method based on neural network and application thereof |
| CN111510232B (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2022-02-18 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Vehicle networking combined spectrum sensing method based on neural network and application thereof |
| CN113347638A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-09-03 | 东北大学 | Dynamic cooperative spectrum prediction and sensing method for cognitive industry Internet of things |
| CN113347638B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2024-04-30 | 东北大学 | Cognitive industrial Internet of things dynamic cooperation spectrum prediction and perception method |
| CN113472463A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-01 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Method for detecting interference constraint violation behavior of secondary user in cognitive wireless network |
| CN113472463B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-06-16 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Detection method for secondary user violating interference constraint behavior in cognitive wireless network |
| CN113595664A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-02 | 电子科技大学长三角研究院(湖州) | Spectrum sensing method of multi-user broadband communication system based on deep learning |
| CN113709750A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-26 | 南京邮电大学 | Frequency spectrum layering cooperative cognition method for Internet of things environment |
| CN113709750B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-09-26 | 南京邮电大学 | Spectrum layering cooperative cognition method oriented to Internet of things environment |
| WO2023155075A1 (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2023-08-24 | Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd. | Methods and systems for sharing a spectrum |
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Application publication date: 20170510 |