CN106655777B - Voltage drop compensation circuit and compensation method for output cable of switching power supply - Google Patents
Voltage drop compensation circuit and compensation method for output cable of switching power supply Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a voltage drop compensation circuit and a compensation method for an output cable of a switching power supply, wherein the voltage drop compensation circuit comprises a power management chip and a transformer, an auxiliary winding of the transformer is connected to a feedback pin of the power management chip through a detection resistor, the power management chip is used for detecting peak current of a primary side of the transformer to realize load change detection, the voltage drop compensation circuit further comprises a primary side current median sampling circuit, a low-pass filter circuit and a compensation current conversion circuit, the primary side current median sampling circuit is a sampling hold circuit of the primary side current of the transformer, the low-pass filter circuit carries out duty ratio modulation on a primary side current median signal through the voltage of the feedback pin to output compensation voltage, the compensation voltage is output to the compensation current conversion circuit, and the compensation current conversion circuit is used for converting the compensation voltage into compensation current and outputting the compensation current to the feedback pin for compensation. The invention can realize the accurate control of the output voltage of the cable terminal of the switching power supply in the intermittent mode and the continuous mode, so that the output voltage of the cable terminal does not change along with the change of the load.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of switching power supplies and semiconductors, and more particularly, to a cable voltage compensation circuit for compensating for a voltage drop generated by a charging cable of a switching power supply (SMPS).
Background
The switching power supply technology mainly realizes the conversion of electric energy through a power converter, does not need to use an industrial frequency transformer, has the advantages of small volume and light weight, and is widely applied to the fields of LED illumination, communication equipment, consumer electronics and the like.
Switching power supplies typically provide a constant current (CC mode) or constant voltage (CV mode) to an output, both of which are achieved by detecting a load condition. There are generally two methods for load state detection: secondary side control (SSR) and primary side control (PSR).
The secondary side control generally feeds back the load state through an optocoupler, and can directly reflect the load state. The secondary side control has great advantages in the aspects of anti-interference capability, working stability, transmission efficiency and the like, but the secondary side control needs to be added with additional devices, and has high cost and large volume.
The primary side control feeds back the load state through the auxiliary coil of the transformer, an optocoupler element, a loop compensation and a voltage stabilizing device are not needed, the design of a peripheral feedback loop of the chip is simplified, and the purposes of saving the system cost and the space are achieved.
Fig. 1 is a switching power supply 100 employing primary side control. The circuit board terminal output voltage of the switching power supply 100 is Vcap, and the cable terminal output voltage of the switching power supply 100 is V load The circuit board terminals of the switching power supply 100 are coupled with the cable terminals through an output cable. The switching power supply 100 maintains the board termination output voltage V by adjusting the pulse width or pulse frequency of DRIVE cap Is constant. The on-resistance of the output cable is not changed along with the change of the load, and the voltage drop at two ends of the output cable can be changed along with the change of the load, so that the output voltage of the cable terminal is changed along with the change of the load.
The traditional output cable voltage drop compensation method realizes load change detection by detecting the primary side peak current and processing the primary side peak current, and ensures constant output voltage of a cable terminal. However, in the continuous control mode, the primary peak current is not necessarily related to the load change, so the conventional output cable voltage drop compensation method is only suitable for the Discontinuous Control Mode (DCM), and cannot guarantee to provide accurate output cable voltage drop compensation in the Continuous Control Mode (CCM).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problems in the prior art and ensure that the accurate control of the output voltage of the cable terminal of the switching power supply is realized in an intermittent control mode and a continuous control mode, the invention provides a voltage drop compensation circuit of the output cable of the switching power supply.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a voltage drop compensation method for an output cable of a switching power supply.
The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model provides a switching power supply output cable voltage drop compensation circuit, includes power management chip and transformer, and the auxiliary winding of transformer connects to the feedback foot of power management chip through detection resistance Ra and detection resistance Rb, power management chip is used for detecting transformer primary side peak current and realizes load variation detection, including primary side current median sampling circuit, low pass filter circuit and compensation current conversion circuit, primary side current median sampling circuit is the sample hold circuit of transformer primary side current, and low pass filter circuit carries out duty cycle modulation processing to primary side current median signal through feedback foot voltage and exports compensation voltage, compensation voltage exports compensation current conversion circuit, compensation current conversion circuit is used for exporting the compensation to the feedback foot with compensation voltage conversion compensation current.
Further, the low-pass filter circuit comprises an operational amplifier I 401 Comparator I 402 Inverter I 403 First switch S 402 Second switch S 403 Filter resistor R 401 Filter capacitor C 402 Operational amplifier I 401 The same-direction input end of the primary current median sampling circuit is coupled to the output end of the primary current median sampling circuit, the reverse input end of the primary current median sampling circuit is connected to the output end, and the output end of the primary current median sampling circuit is connected to the RC low-pass filter through the first switch; comparator I 402 Is coupled to the feedback pin, comparator I 402 Is coupled to the reference voltage, comparator I 402 The output end of (2) controls the first switch S 402 Comparator I 402 Through an inverter I 403 Control the second switch S 403 Second switch S 403 One section is grounded, the other end is connected with an RC low-pass filter, and the output of the RC low-pass filter is connected with a compensation current conversion circuit.
Further, the compensation current conversion circuit comprises an operational amplifier I 404 Resistance R 402 Triode M 401 Current proportional conversion circuit, operational amplifier I 404 Is connected with the output of the low-pass filter circuit, and is an operational amplifier I 404 Is connected with triode M 401 Base, triode M 401 Emitter via resistor R 402 Grounded, operational amplifier I 404 Is connected with triode M at the reverse input end 401 Emitter, triode M 401 Collector is connected with triode M 402 And triode M 403 The current proportional conversion circuit is formed.
Further, the primary median sampling circuit comprises a sampling switch S 401 And sampling capacitor C 401 Sampling switch S 401 C in series with sampling capacitor 401 Sampling capacitor C 401 The other end is grounded, and the sampling capacitor C 401 The voltage on is the primary current median signal.
Further, the primary side current median sampling circuit, the low-pass filter circuit and the compensation current conversion circuit are integrated in a power management chip.
A voltage drop compensation method for a switching power supply output cable comprises the following steps:
(1) Sampling and holding the primary side current of the transformer to obtain a sampling voltage signal;
(2) Setting a voltage threshold, comparing the detected voltage obtained by sampling the current on the auxiliary winding of the transformer through a resistor with the voltage threshold, and outputting a sampling voltage signal in the step (1) to a low-pass filter through a buffer circuit for filtering if the detected voltage is greater than the voltage threshold; if the detection voltage is smaller than the voltage threshold, the input of the low-pass filter is low level, and the compensation voltage is obtained after the low-pass filter circuit filters the detection voltage;
(3) The compensation voltage is converted into compensation current through a compensation current conversion circuit, and the compensation current is input to a feedback pin of the power management chip.
Further, the sampling method in the step (1) is as follows: and controlling the on of a primary median sampling circuit at the midpoint of the current opening time of one primary side, sampling, and stopping sampling until the midpoint of the current opening time of the next primary side.
The beneficial effects are that: the voltage drop compensation circuit for the output cable of the switching power supply can realize accurate control of the output voltage of the cable terminal of the switching power supply in an intermittent mode and a continuous mode, so that the output voltage of the cable terminal does not change along with the change of a load; the circuit system is stable, low in cost, small in size and light in weight.
The voltage drop compensation method for the output cable of the switching power supply can realize the accurate control of the output voltage of the cable terminal of the switching power supply, so that the output voltage of the cable terminal does not change along with the change of load, the defect that the prior art is only applicable to an intermittent mode is overcome, and both the intermittent mode and a continuous mode are applicable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a switching power supply employing primary side control;
FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of primary side current, secondary side current and feedback voltage in the intermittent control mode of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of primary current, secondary current and feedback voltage in the continuous control mode of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a voltage drop compensation circuit for a switching power supply output cable according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the primary side current median sampling circuit of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the low pass filter circuit of FIG. 4;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the compensation current conversion circuit in fig. 4.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
Fig. 1 is a switching power supply 100 adopting primary side control, which comprises a power management chip 101 and a transformer 102, wherein an auxiliary winding 103 of the transformer 102 is connected to a feedback pin 104FB port of the power management chip 101 through a detection resistor Ra and a detection resistor Rb, and the power management chip 101 is used for detecting peak current of a primary side 105 of the transformer to realize load change detection. The circuit board terminal output voltage of the switching power supply 100 is V cap The cable termination output voltage of the switching power supply 100 is V load The circuit board terminals of the switching power supply 100 are coupled with the cable terminals through an output cable. The switching power supply 100 maintains the board terminal output voltage V by adjusting the pulse width or pulse frequency of the DRIVE pin output of the power management chip 101 cap Is constant.
The switching power supply 100 employs a flyback isolation architecture, which is implemented by a transformer (including a primary winding N P Secondary winding N S Auxiliary winding N A ) To isolate the primary side from the secondary side.
Wherein,,N A is the number of turns of the auxiliary winding, N S Is the number of turns of the secondary winding, V aux Is the voltage drop over the auxiliary winding, V sec Is the voltage drop across the secondary winding.
And also has
Wherein V is FB Is the pressure drop at feedback leg 104, i.e., FB port.
And also has
V sec ＝V D +I O *R cable +V load (3)
Wherein V is D Is diode D 6 Positive conduction voltage drop of I O Is the load current, R cable Is the output cable equivalent resistance.
Is available in the form of
The power management chip 101 is implemented by controlling V FB With an internal reference V REF Equalizing to realize output voltage V load Can be considered as V under stable conditions FB ＝V REF I.e. V FB Is a fixed value. R in formula (4) a 、R b 、N A 、N S Is a fixed value that does not vary with load current, thus V D +I O *R cable +V load Also, the fixed value is set to a fixed value K. Is available in the form of
V load ＝K-V D -I O *R cable (5)
Wherein VD is diode D 6 Is not changed with the load current.
As can be seen from the formula (5), the on-resistance of the output cable is not changed with the load change, and the voltage drop I of the cable O *R cable The load current increases with the increase of the load current, thereby affecting the load adjustment rate of the output voltage. To ensure thatThe voltage drop across the output cable needs to be compensated for to verify the load regulation of the output voltage.
Primary side current I in fig. 1 P By detecting resistance R CS Obtaining primary side current I P Flow through R CS Form a voltage drop V CS I.e. primary current I P ＝V CS /R CS 。
In the following description, the time when the primary current is on is designated as T on The time for which the secondary current is on is designated as T demag The time when the primary and secondary currents are simultaneously turned off is designated as T off The switching period is designated as T, with t=t on +T demag +T off 。
The intermittent control mode generally means that the magnetic energy of the transformer is released completely or the exciting current is reduced to zero, and the primary side switch is opened after a period of time delay. The primary side valley current in the intermittent control mode is zero, the primary side current rises from zero, and the primary side current waveform is a sawtooth wave. The discontinuous control mode switches off both primary and secondary side currents during the delay period.
Fig. 2 shows waveforms of the primary side current, the secondary side current, and the feedback voltage in the intermittent control mode. I in FIG. 2 P,peak Is the primary side peak current in the intermittent control mode, I P,mid Is 1/2T in intermittent control mode on Primary current at time, I S,peak Is the secondary side peak current in the discontinuous control mode.
According to FIG. 2, the output average current I in discontinuous control mode OD The method comprises the following steps:
the continuous control mode generally means that the primary switch is turned on again when the magnetic energy of the transformer is not released or the exciting current is not reduced to zero. The primary side valley current in the continuous control mode is not zero, the primary side current rises from the exciting current which never falls to zero, and the primary side current is a side trapezoidal wave. The continuous control mode does not have a moment in the switching cycle when the primary and secondary currents are simultaneously turned off.
As shown in FIG. 3, which shows waveforms of primary side current, secondary side current and feedback voltage in continuous control mode, it can be seen that T in FIG. 3 off =0. I in FIG. 3 P,T Is the primary side peak current in continuous control mode, I P,B Is primary valley current in continuous control mode, I P,mid Is 1/2T in continuous control mode on Primary current at time, I S,T Is the secondary side peak current in continuous control mode, I S,B Is the secondary valley current in the continuous control mode.
According to FIG. 3, the output average current I in continuous control mode OC The method comprises the following steps:
as can be seen from equation (6) and equation (7), the output average current in the discontinuous control mode and the continuous control mode are both related to the primary current median, and it can be obtained that:
as can be seen from equation (8), no matter the intermittent control mode or the continuous control mode, only the primary side current median value I is obtained P,mid Duty cycle T of demagnetizing time demag Ratio of primary winding to secondary winding of transformer N P /N S The output current I can be obtained O . And the output voltage can be adjusted according to different output average current, so that the purpose of voltage drop compensation of the output cable is realized.
Fig. 4 shows an output cable voltage drop compensation circuit of the switching power supply according to the present embodiment, where the output cable voltage drop compensation circuit includes a primary current median sampling circuit 201, a low-pass filter circuit 202, and a compensation current conversion circuit 203. The input of the primary current median sampling circuit 201 is primary current, and the primary current median is sampled and held and output to the low-pass filter circuit 202. The low pass filter circuit 202 detects the voltage V FB To primary side currentThe median value is subjected to duty cycle modulation, and the obtained result is subjected to low-pass filtering, so that the stability of the system is ensured; the low-pass filtering result is in a linear proportion to the output average current, and is output to the compensation current conversion circuit 203. The compensation current conversion circuit 203 converts the compensation voltage into a compensation current through V-I conversion and proper proportional conversion, and outputs the cable voltage drop compensation current to the feedback pin FB port of the power management chip 101; cable voltage drop compensation current flows through resistor R a And R is b Form a voltage drop, change the voltage V FB The purpose of cable pressure drop compensation is achieved; by regulated R a And R is b The value, cable pressure drop compensation can be adjusted.
Fig. 5 is an embodiment of the primary side current median sampling circuit of fig. 4. The primary side current median sampling circuit comprises a sampling switch S 401 Sampling capacitor C 401 . Sampling switch S 401 At 1/2T on Turned on at the moment to output the median value of the primary current to the sampling capacitor C 401 Sampling capacitor C 401 Maintaining the primary current median to the next 1/2T on The moment comes. Sampling capacitor C 401 The voltage value stored is the median value V of the primary side current of the switching period CS,mid 。
Fig. 6 is an embodiment of the low pass filter circuit of fig. 4. The low-pass filter circuit comprises an operational amplifier I 401 Comparator I 402 Inverter I 403 Switch S 402 、S 403 Filter resistor R 401 Filter capacitor C 402 . Operational amplifier I 401 Is coupled to the output of the primary current median sampling circuit, i.e. the operational amplifier I 401 The input voltage of the buffer circuit formed by (a) is V CS,mid Therefore, the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier I401 are at voltage V CS,mid . Comparator I 402 Output control switch S of (2) 402 Comparator I 402 Through an inverter I 403 Control switch S 403 . Comparator I 402 Is connected to V FB Comparator I 402 Is connected to the reference voltage V zcd . When V is FB The voltage value is greater than V zcd At voltage level, corresponding to T in FIGS. 2 and 3 demag Time period, at this time control switch S 402 Open, filter resistor R 401 Filter capacitor C 402 The input of the composed low-pass filtering unit is V CS,mid . When V is FB The voltage value is smaller than V zcd At the voltage level, corresponding to T in FIG. 2 on And T off Time period T in fig. 3 on Time period, at this time control switch S 403 Open, filter resistor R 401 Filter capacitor C 402 The input of the constituent low-pass filter unit is 0. Filter resistor R 401 Filter capacitor C 402 The output voltage of the composed low-pass filtering unit is V CS,mid *T demag /T。
FIG. 7 is an embodiment of the compensation current conversion circuit of FIG. 4. The compensation current conversion circuit comprises an operational amplifier I 404 Resistance R 402 Triode M 401 ～M 403 . Operational amplifier I 404 Resistance R 402 ，M 401 A voltage-to-current circuit is formed. The input of the voltage-to-current circuit is connected to the output of the low-pass filter circuit, i.e. the input of the voltage-to-current circuit is voltage V CS,mid *T demag and/T. The output of the voltage-to-current circuit is the current V after the transformation of the voltage-to-current circuit CS,mid *T demag /T/R 402 . Triode M 402 And M 403 A current scaling circuit 204 is formed with a current scaling ratio k. That is, the compensation current value finally output to the chip FB terminal is k×V CS,mid *T demag /T/R 402 。
According to equation (8), the compensation current k×v CS,mid *T demag /T/R 402 And output average current I O With proportional relation, by setting proper current transformation ratio k, compensation current can be realized along with output average current I O Changes and changes, thereby realizing the purpose of line loss compensation.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a switching power supply output cable voltage drop compensating circuit, includes power management chip (101) and transformer (102), auxiliary winding (103) of transformer (102) connect to feedback foot (104) of power management chip (101) through detection resistance Ra and detection resistance Rb, power management chip (101) are used for detecting transformer primary side (105) peak current and realize load change detection, and characterized in that includes primary side current median sampling circuit (201), low pass filter circuit (202) and compensation current converting circuit (203), primary side current median sampling circuit (201) are the sample hold circuit of transformer primary side current, and low pass filter circuit (202) carries out duty cycle modulation processing to primary side current median signal through feedback foot (104) voltage and exports compensation voltage, and compensation voltage exports compensation current converting circuit (203) to compensation current converting circuit (203) for with compensation voltage conversion compensation current export to feedback foot (104) and compensate;
the low-pass filter circuit (202) comprises an operational amplifier I 401 Comparator I 402 Inverter I 403 First switch S 402 Second switch S 403 Filter resistor R 401 Filter capacitor C 402 Operational amplifier I 401 The same-direction input end of the primary current median sampling circuit (201) is coupled with the output end of the primary current median sampling circuit, the reverse input end of the primary current median sampling circuit is connected with the output end, and the output end of the primary current median sampling circuit is connected with the RC low-pass filter through the first switch; comparator I 402 Is coupled to the feedback pin (104), comparator I 402 Is coupled to the reference voltage, comparator I 402 The output end of (2) controls the first switch S 402 Comparator I 402 Through an inverter I 403 Control the second switch S 403 Second switch S 403 One section is grounded, the other end is connected with an RC low-pass filter, and the output of the RC low-pass filter is connected with a compensation current conversion circuit (203); the compensation current conversion circuit (203) includes an operational amplifier I 404 Resistance R 402 Triode M 401 Current proportional conversion circuit (204), operational amplifier I 404 Is coupled to the output of the low pass filter circuit (202), an operational amplifier I 404 Is connected with triode M 401 Base, tripolarTube M 401 Emitter via resistor R 402 Grounded, operational amplifier I 404 Is connected with triode M at the reverse input end 401 Emitter, triode M 401 Collector is connected with triode M 402 And triode M 403 A current proportional conversion circuit (204) formed by the circuit; the primary side current median sampling circuit (201) comprises a sampling switch S 401 And sampling capacitor C 401 Sampling switch S 401 C in series with sampling capacitor 401 Sampling capacitor C 401 The other end is grounded, and the sampling capacitor C 401 The voltage on is the primary current median signal.
2. The switching power supply output cable voltage drop compensation circuit of claim 1 wherein the primary side current median sampling circuit (201), low pass filter circuit (202) and compensation current conversion circuit (203) are integrated within a power management chip (101).
3. A compensation method of a switching power supply output cable voltage drop compensation circuit according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
(1) Sampling and holding the primary side current of the transformer to obtain a sampling voltage signal;
(2) Setting a voltage threshold, comparing the detected voltage obtained by sampling the current on the auxiliary winding of the transformer through a resistor with the voltage threshold, and outputting a sampling voltage signal in the step (1) to a low-pass filter through a buffer circuit for filtering if the detected voltage is greater than the voltage threshold; if the detection voltage is smaller than the voltage threshold, the input of the low-pass filter is low level, and the compensation voltage is obtained after the low-pass filter circuit filters the detection voltage;
(3) The compensation voltage is converted into compensation current through a compensation current conversion circuit, and the compensation current is input to a feedback pin of the power management chip.
4. The compensation method of the voltage drop compensation circuit of the output cable of the switching power supply according to claim 3, wherein the sampling method in the step (1) is as follows: and controlling the primary current median sampling circuit (201) to be conducted at the midpoint of one primary current opening time, sampling, and stopping sampling until the midpoint of the next primary current opening time.
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| CN107908215B (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2024-02-27 | 南京优倍电气技术有限公司 | Power supply circuit with compensation function |
| CN107968583A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-04-27 | 上海贝岭股份有限公司 | Line loss compensation device, integrated circuit and the Switching Power Supply of Switching Power Supply |
| CN110086338A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-02 | 重庆大学 | A kind of line loss compensation circuit of DC/DC converter |
| CN111711345B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2022-03-22 | 成都芯源系统有限公司 | Driving method, driving circuit and switching power supply thereof |
| CN112366961A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-12 | 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 | Power supply system of remote control underwater robot ROV and control method thereof |
| CN113162368B (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2023-02-10 | 成都芯源系统有限公司 | DCR current sampling circuit and method and related control circuit |
| CN113489341B (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2022-07-26 | 成都芯源系统有限公司 | Control circuit of switching power supply and control method thereof |
| CN117118236B (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2024-02-02 | 上海芯龙半导体技术股份有限公司 | Power chip and power supply structure |
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