CN106652483A - Method for arranging traffic information detection points in local highway network by utilizing detection device - Google Patents
Method for arranging traffic information detection points in local highway network by utilizing detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106652483A CN106652483A CN201710129410.XA CN201710129410A CN106652483A CN 106652483 A CN106652483 A CN 106652483A CN 201710129410 A CN201710129410 A CN 201710129410A CN 106652483 A CN106652483 A CN 106652483A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/042—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled using inductive or magnetic detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/18—Network design, e.g. design based on topological or interconnect aspects of utility systems, piping, heating ventilation air conditioning [HVAC] or cabling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
- G08G1/0108—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions based on the source of data
- G08G1/0116—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions based on the source of data from roadside infrastructure, e.g. beacons
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for arranging traffic information detection points in a local highway network by utilizing a detection device. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a road network model; taking important intersections and town entrances and exits as nodes, performing the overall dividing for the first time on the road network section, and dividing the related sections for the second time according to the road section administration, especially, administrative division; scoring the importance of the positions of index selected nodes and the quantity of the road sections connected by the nodes; sequencing the nodes according to the importance, and then sequencing the road sections related to the nodes according to the magnitude of weight values; and guaranteeing a video detector existing in the road section connected by each node according to the degree of the node importance in turn. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the space coverage rate of the detection and the representativeness of the survey data are practically increased; the least detection points are utilized to acquire the data capable of reflecting the overall traffic information of the road network, and the construction investment and the later running investment of a dynamic traffic data collecting system are extremely reduced; and the scientific rationality of the arranging method and the arranging scheme can be guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to transport information detector layout technical field, more particularly to it is a kind of public in region using testing equipment
The method that road network lays transport information test point.
Background technology
At present based on coil checker, coil is embedded in underground to highway in China, it is impossible to gather, it is impossible to recognize car plate,
Also cannot accurate acquisition to turning flow information.At present the method for transport information detector layout mainly has random choice method, master
Want the methods such as section back-and-forth method, check line back-and-forth method and magnitude of traffic flow method.But these methods are all empirical methods, not through section
Demonstration calculates because cloth set up an office it is complete, the information of acquisition is not complete, it is impossible to accurately all highways are analyzed comprehensively
With consider weight, the detection data that the test point of laying generally there are problems that repeat or.
In sum, the method that current transport information test point device category is single, lay is present cannot accurately to institute
Have highway to be analyzed and considered weight comprehensively, the detection data that the test point of laying generally there are problems that repeat or.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of utilization testing equipment lays transport information test point in regional highway network
Method, it is intended to which the method for solving current transport information detector layout exists and accurately cannot be analyzed comprehensively all highways
With consider weight, the detection data that the test point of laying generally there is a problem of repeats or omits.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of utilization testing equipment lays the side of transport information test point in regional highway network
Method, the utilization testing equipment is comprised the following steps in the method that regional highway network lays transport information test point：
Step one, obtaining network of highways map and land used along the line includes small towns population, GDP information；
Step 2, determines highway node and section, and by important intersection, and cities and towns gateway is satisfied the need networking as node
Duan Jinhang is overall for the first time to be divided, and combining road administration is particularly administrative division and carries out second division to relevant road segments, according to
The length in section and the requirement of observation mileage, road section length is finally split to the long section in part less than 15 kilometers；
Step 3, calculate node importance degree and section weights；Pitch point importance selecting index node position importance
(contain villages and towns rank, two aspects of category of roads), node institute link road two aspects of segment number carry out respectively ten grades, Pyatyi beats
Point, pitch point importance value=position importance score value * 5+ node link road segment number score values；Section weights cij=road row
Political affairs grade score value+number of track-lines score value+road section length score value；Road administrative hierarchy score value is 10 score values；Number of track-lines score value is 5 points
Value；Road section length score value is 5 score values；
Step 4, sets up highway network modeling, and with vital point as node, with section as side, and it is corresponding to give each section
Weights, set up and assign power road network topology structure chart；
Step 5, first sorts to node according to importance degree score value, and then node relevant road segments are sorted according to weights size,
Video detector is first laid, method is to ensure have in the section that each node is connected successively according to the height of pitch point importance
One video detector, then according to the size of the size of pitch point importance and its connection section weights lays line to other sections
Circle detector；
Step 6, often lays a video or coil checker and calculates one-time detection coverage rate, until all devices it is uniform
If finishing or till coverage rate reaches expected coverage rate, so as to obtain layout scheme.Different coverage rate mesh can equally be obtained
Testing equipment quantity needed for mark is lower, or the coverage rate under certain amount testing equipment, so as to formulate layout scheme by stages.
Further, the method that the structure of the road network models adopts graph theory；Figure in graph theory is point v and directed edge e
Set, point be side contact object, while the relation between reflecting a little；Figure be describe some objects and its between relation mould
Type；
It is G=(V, E) by seal, wherein V represents the set of point, V={ vi}；E represents the set of directed edge, E=
{eij}；Given figure G=(V, E), for G in the oriented e of every a lineij, corresponding power is cij, then G be referred to as together with the power on side
Weighted graph；
With road junction as node, with oriented section as side, and give each section corresponding weights, set up weighted graph；
Incidence matrix A=(a of figure G=(V, E)ij) it is following m*n matrixes：
In formula：cij--- side eijWeights, it is relevant with category of roads, number of track-lines, road section length and flow；viReij——
viWith eijBetween there is incidence relation.
Further, which section that concrete node is connected arranges video detector, then carry out according to section weights size
Sequence；It is other then cloth is set to coil checker.
Further, the utilization testing equipment lays all standing object module of the method for transport information test point in road network
For：
In formula：X --- detection points；
N --- node total number；
cij--- oriented section eijOn when having equipment, the equipment cover the weights or weights in section and；
When detector layout cover section weights reached all sections weights and when, just reach 100% covering.
Further, the utilization testing equipment is substantially oriented in the method differentiation two that road network lays transport information test point
Similarity degree between road section traffic volume flow, uses coefficient correlationDescription, wherein
In formula, X represents the volume of traffic array of section X, and Y represents the volume of traffic array of section Y；ρ (X, Y) represents section X, Y traffic
Coefficient correlation between flow；And the data on flows of section X, Y must be the corresponding data of same time phase.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of utilization testing equipment lays transport information in regional highway network
The testing equipment of the method for test point, the testing equipment includes：
Induction coil detector, to being caused at the change of electromagnetic induction by coil or the vehicle being present on coil
Manage and reach testing goal；The traffic parameter of acquisition includes：Collection flow, occupation rate, speed；
Video detector, the shooting and record for traffic recognizes traffic event information by video identification technology,
Obtain flow, occupation rate, speed, queue length, car plate.
The method that the utilization testing equipment that the present invention is provided lays transport information test point in regional highway network, covers comprehensively
Lid, detector layout should realize the comprehensive covering to road network, and utilization is that the model of science is covered screening Important Sections and calculating
Lid rate, with the representativeness of the practical spatial coverage and survey data for improving detection；Rational deployment, detector layout should be noted that with
Highway network arrangement form and technical characteristic are mutually coordinated, and being obtained with minimum test point can reflect network of highways entirety transport information
Data, while taking into account the traffic of Important Sections, realize the rational deployment of test point；Moderate scale, detector layout should
The optimal balance of scale and efficiency is realized, the construction input and later stage fortune of dynamic transport data gathering and processing system are reduced to greatest extent
Row input；Such as, a crossroad is connected with 8 sections, and laying 7 complete equipments rather than 8 sets can obtain all flow informations,
It is wherein a set of for video, except for traffic monitoring as far as possible, the functions such as Car license recognition candid photograph can also be carried out
It is concrete as shown in figure 3, for 8 sections of the connection of node 2,4 exit ramps of totally 4 entrance driveway can wherein one
Individual direction section such as e12 does not lay testing equipment, and opposite direction section e21 is laid into video detecting device.The road that node 3 is connected
Section is also in the same manner.All standing by 12 complete equipments is laid in 14 sections of the 8 nodes connection in road network, and need not lay 14 sets
Equipment.In combination with qualitative analysis, detector layout should take method of the quantitative analysis in combination with qualitative analysis for quantitative analysis,
Ensure the scientific rationality of distribution method and layout scheme.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the side that utilization testing equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention lays transport information test point in regional highway network
Method flow chart.
Fig. 2 is laying flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the section cell schematics that testing equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention is laid.
Specific embodiment
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is not used to only to explain the present invention
Limit the present invention.
The application principle of the present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Utilization testing equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention is adopted in the method that regional highway network lays transport information test point
With visual and not visible two kinds of fixing points collecting device synthetical collection；The coil that not visible finger highway is commonly used, collection flow,
Occupation rate, speed；Visually refer to video monitor, then can be with flow, occupation rate, speed, queue length, car plate etc..
As shown in figure 1, utilization testing equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention lays transport information detection in regional highway network
The method of point is comprised the following steps：
S101：It is exactly, with vital points such as intersection, gateways as node, with section as side, and to assign to road network modeling
The corresponding weights in each section are given, is set up and is assigned power road network topology structure chart；
S102：When carrying out detector layout to highway, by important intersection, and cities and towns gateway as node to road network
Section carries out overall division for the first time, and be particularly administrative division then in conjunction with section administration carries out second stroke to relevant road segments
Point, the requirement of length and observation mileage finally according to section is finally split road section length and is not surpassed to the long section in part
Cross 15 kilometers；
S103：Selecting index node position importance, node institute link road two aspects of segment number carry out respectively ten
Level, Pyatyi marking, pitch point importance value=position importance score value * 5+ node link road segment number score values；Section weights
cij=road administrative hierarchy score value+number of track-lines score value+road section length score value；Road administrative hierarchy score value is 10 score values；Number of track-lines
Score value is 5 score values；Road section length score value is 5 score values；
S104：First then node is sorted to node relevant road segments according to importance sorting according to weights size；According to section
The height of point importance degree ensures there is a video detector in the section that each node is connected successively.
Utilization testing equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention lays the method bag of transport information test point in regional highway network
Include following steps：
Step one, obtaining network of highways map and land used along the line includes small towns population, GDP information；
Step 2, determines highway node and section, and by important intersection, and cities and towns gateway is satisfied the need networking as node
Duan Jinhang is overall for the first time to be divided, and combining road administration is particularly administrative division and carries out second division to relevant road segments, according to
The length in section and the requirement of observation mileage, road section length is finally split to the long section in part less than 15 kilometers；
Step 3, calculate node importance degree and section weights；Pitch point importance selecting index node position importance
(contain villages and towns rank, two aspects of category of roads), node institute link road two aspects of segment number carry out respectively ten grades, Pyatyi beats
Point, pitch point importance value=position importance score value * 5+ node link road segment number score values；Section weights cij=road row
Political affairs grade score value+number of track-lines score value+road section length score value；Road administrative hierarchy score value is 10 score values；Number of track-lines score value is 5 points
Value；Road section length score value is 5 score values；
Step 4, sets up highway network modeling, and with vital point as node, with section as side, and it is corresponding to give each section
Weights, set up and assign power road network topology structure chart；
Step 5, first sorts to node according to importance degree score value, and then node relevant road segments are sorted according to weights size,
Video detector is first laid, method is to ensure have in the section that each node is connected successively according to the height of pitch point importance
One video detector, then according to the size of the size of pitch point importance and its connection section weights lays line to other sections
Circle detector；
Step 6, often lays a video or coil checker and calculates one-time detection coverage rate, until all devices it is uniform
If finishing or till coverage rate reaches expected coverage rate, so as to obtain layout scheme.Different coverage rate mesh can equally be obtained
Testing equipment quantity needed for mark is lower, or the coverage rate under certain amount testing equipment, so as to formulate layout scheme by stages.
The testing equipment includes：
Induction coil detector, to being caused at the change of electromagnetic induction by coil or the vehicle being present on coil
Manage and reach testing goal；The traffic parameter of acquisition includes：Collection flow, occupation rate, speed；
Video detector, the shooting and record for traffic recognizes traffic event information by video identification technology,
Obtain flow, occupation rate, speed, queue length, car plate.
Fixed detector common are it is following several, its retrievable parameter and pluses and minuses it is as follows：
The fixed detector technology comparison of table 1
For highway, most widely used also generally the least expensive is annular detection coil.And it is most visually to obtain information
It is then video detector.So combining collection enriched data using both equipment here, for traffic administration data are provided
Support.
Lower mask body introduces the operation principle of both equipment.
(1) ring coil detector
Ring coil detector is the most frequently used wagon detector, is typically made up of three parts：As the annular of sensor
Coil, detector unit and feeder line.Road surface need to be cut during installation and is put into 3 circle left and right wires, coil dimension typically adopts 2m*2m, so
Afterwards feeder line is drawn by conduit, detector unit is connected to by junction box.
Operation principle is：The logical loop coil of detector unit constitutes an inductance-capacitance tuning circuit, electric current with feeder line
During by loop coil, in its annex an electromagnetic field is formed.When vehicle enters this magnetic field, in vehicle body metal whirlpool is induced
Stream electric current is so that magnetic field change, i.e. vehicle pass through or be parked on coil the inductance value that can change coil, energizing circuit generation one
Individual output, so as to the vehicle for detecting by or be parked on coil.So such detector can both detect the volume of traffic, can examine again
Survey various traffic parameters such as occupation rate and speed substantially.If the parallel longitudinal laying of two groups of coils is twin coil laid, also
Average speed, vehicle commander can accurately be calculated.
When vehicle forward position enters toroidal one side, detector is triggered generation signal output, and works as vehicle tail
When sailing out of loop coil another side, signal strength signal intensity is less than activation threshold value, and output level is zero.The arteries and veins that vehicle passing detection device is produced
Signal is rushed after the disposal of gentle filter, square-wave signal output is formed.One square-wave signal can represent passing through for car；
The width ti of square-wave signal is the time that vehicle takes detector.
(a) volume of traffic q=N/T
Wherein, q is the unit time volume of traffic；T is sampling time interval；N is to pass through toroidal car in sampling interval T
The toroidal umber of pulse of number, i.e.,.
(b) time occupancy：
Wherein, ti is the time that detector is taken using i-th, interval car；T is sampling time interval；N is sampling interval T
It is interior by toroidal vehicle number.
The ground spot speed of (c) i-th car：Vi=(L1+Li)/ti
Wherein, L1 is loop coil length；Li is the length of wagon of i-th car.
But because the length of wagon of i-th car is unknown, often calculated using average length of wagon, so, the meter of speed
It is inaccurate.
Coil Detector technology maturation, it is easy to grasp, counts very accurate, stable performance.Have the disadvantage that traffic flow data is more single
First, installation process is very big on reliability and aging effects, repair or install and need to suspend traffic, affect pavement life, easily heavy
Vehicle, road surface repair etc. are damaged.In addition high latitude thaw phase and low latitudes summer road surface and pavement quality it is bad where it is right
The maintenance workload of coil is than larger.But also there is improved coil checker, the plastic catheter in coil outer speciality, reduction is received
Environment, road surface breakage, extraneous important impact.
(2) video detecting device
Video detecting device is that the one kind combined by television video video camera and computer mould Prosthetic Hand technology of identification is new
Type detection technique.Video camera shoots to track vehicle, and the image for photographing is digitized into storage with hardware, uses image
The mode of process extracts necessary vehicle characteristic information to image preliminary treatment.According to characteristic information carry out vehicle flowrate, speed,
The transport information such as vehicle classification, occupation rate, queuing are counted；For abnormal traffic stream information such as congestion, accident etc. can also carry out reality
When monitor, this is that other detection techniques are not accomplished.With developing rapidly for video detection technology, using the essence of this technology for detection
Degree and reliability have obtained the highly recognition of domestic and international expert and users through practical application.
Its operation principle is, by video camera and computer simulation human eye vision technology, to be shot by analyzing video camera
Traffic image, virtual coil delimited in range of video, moving object causes background gray scale to change into detection zone,
So as to perceive the presence of moving target, realize the motion of the traffic targets such as vehicle, pedestrian is detected, positioned, recognized and with
Track, and the traffic behavior to detection, tracking and the movement of traffic target for recognizing is analyzed and judges, so as to both complete various friendships
The collection of logical data message.
Three kinds of conventional Video Detection Algorithms have the pluses and minuses of each of which：
(1) background subtraction：Video camera is fixed, and algorithm is simply easily achieved, in the case of known to background, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide
Most completely characteristic, and can intactly detect moving target.Because background modeling is to illumination, Changes in weather and burst
The external dynamic scene changes such as event are extremely sensitive, so when context update can not well adapt to scene change, undoubtedly will
Have influence on the detection of target.
(2) neighbor frame difference point-score：Using fixed video camera, have stronger to the moving object detection in dynamic change environment
Adaptivity.Superiority is shown in terms of real-time, because two continuous frames time interval is short, is trembled by light change, camera
Dynamic impact very little.But on the whole the method can not completely extract the feature pixel of all correlations, and the background for obtaining is not
It is pure background image, therefore testing result is not exactly accurate, and cavitation is also easy to produce inside movement entity, is unfavorable for further
Target analysis and identification.
(3) optical flow：The advantage of the method is also to detect independent fortune on the premise of camera motion is present
Moving-target.However, most optical flow computation method is considerably complicated, operand is very big, and noiseproof feature is poor, unless there are special
Hardware supported, is otherwise difficult to realize the real-time detection of moving-target.
The advantage of the testing equipment is need not to destroy road surface, installs and is easily serviced, and can provide for Incident Management can
Visible image, can provide a large amount of traffic management informations, separate unit video camera and processor detectable multilane.Its shortcoming be precision not
Height, is easily affected by environment, weather, illumination, chaff interference etc., and the detection and capture to high-speed mobile vehicle has certain difficulty.Cause
For shooting high-speed mobile vehicle needs sufficiently fast shutter (at least 1/3000S), the pixel of enough numbers and good figure
As the support of detection algorithm, video detection often cannot capture high-speed moving object due to needing to be calculated.Generally suggestion
Using background subtraction.
The application principle of the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1：
The totality of highway communication test point provided in an embodiment of the present invention lays principle：
(1) should with detect backbone based on, take into account road network structure and form, reasonable layout equipment.
(2) Immediate And Long Term is combined, the primary system plan, time phasing.The primary system plan referred to from consideration system at a specified future date, perform it is pre-buried,
It is reserved, note the extensibility of system.Time phasing refer to it is in the recent period main flow it is big, equivalent aera is big, importance degree is big, have generation
Equipment is installed on the section of table, after operation a period of time, then is progressively extended.
(3) control of road network totality traffic is conducive to.
(4) be conducive to estimating the traffic of other roads.Some representational sections are selected, and sets up same
Relation on road between adjacent segments, by the transport information for having equipment section to obtain the transport information without equipment section is estimated.
(5) be conducive to giving full play to the effect of equipment.Limited complete equipment is reasonably distributed in the middle of road network, allows them to obtain
Get transport information as much as possible, i.e., coverage rate is maximum, or allow device distribution on most representative section, to will cloth
If the section of equipment, on-the-spot investigation and proved, exclude unnecessary section and irrational section, it is to avoid the letter of collection
Breath repeats, and causes the waste of resource, gives full play to the effect of equipment.
(6) set location of detector
Be arranged on the critical positions in section such as bridge tunnel, crossing inlet road upstream, near important gateway.
Additionally, specifically when test point is laid in the section for needing test point to cover, the laying of testing equipment is due to by road
Condition affects larger, such as the problems such as power supply, administrative ownership, so specifically in position, really timing will need comprehensive actually to examine
Consider, such as the installation position of test point should be more than the 300-500 rice of interchange interwoven region, at the gateway of city, Frequent Accidents
Section and node preferably arrange test point etc..
Detector layout object module is solved on the basis of highway network structural model detector layout side is obtained
Case.
(1) model
The structure of highway pessimistic concurrency control is the basis for carrying out mathematical modeling analysis, to road network modeling be exactly with intersection,
The vital points such as gateway are node, with section as side, and give each section corresponding weights, set up and assign power road network topology structure
Figure.
Building for road network models can be using the method for graph theory.Figure in graph theory is the set of point v and side e, and point is
The object of side contact, while the relation between reflecting a little.Figure be describe some objects and its between relation model.
It is G=(V, E) generally by seal, wherein V represents the set of point, V={ vi}；E represents the set of directed edge, E=
{eij}.In practical problem, relation the presence or absence of is not only represented between two objects sometimes, also to analyze the quantity of relation, this
The quantitative index relevant with side is planted, according to the needs of practical problem, different implications can be given, such as distance, time, expense
Deng referred to as weights.Given figure G=(V, E), for G in every a line eij, corresponding power is cij, then G is together with the power on side
Referred to as weighted graph.
It is exactly, with road junction as node, with section as side, and to give each section corresponding weights to road network modeling, builds
Vertical weighted graph.
Incidence matrix A=(a of figure G=(V, E)ij) it is following m*n matrixes：
In formula：cij--- side eijWeights, it is relevant with category of roads, number of track-lines, road section length and flow；
viReij——viWith eijBetween there is incidence relation.
(2) determination in node and section
In distribution method, the determination of node and pavement section method can directly affect the validity of distribution method and lay knot
Really, omission or repetition that rational section correlation analysis are just avoided that test point setting are only carried out, testing equipment is played
Greatest benefit.
In various experience distribution methods, pavement section is mainly split using ready-made section administration, and in city road
In the distribution method on road, pavement section mainly carries out pavement section by node of intersection, and both approaches are not all accounted for
Difference to highway section length causes to observe the gap of mileage and accuracy.
Consider factors above, when carrying out detector layout to highway, important intersection, and cities and towns gateway are made
For node satisfy the need networking section carry out it is for the first time overall divide, be particularly administrative division then in conjunction with section administration and relevant road segments entered
Row is divided for second, the requirement of length and observation mileage finally according to section, and to the long section in part road is finally split
Segment length is less than 15 kilometers.Such division methods be easy to lay when model solution, can guarantee that again enforcement validity and
The accuracy of data.
(3) calculating of weights
Node ViPitch point importance DiIt is mainly reflected in the importance such as the grade in the adjacent cities and towns in intersection or gateway.
Selecting index node position importance, node institute link road two aspects of segment number carry out ten grades and give a mark with Pyatyi.
The importance degree c in sectionijThe status function of major embodiment road and effect, including the administrative hierarchy of road, number of track-lines,
The factors such as size, the road section length of the volume of traffic.The Pyatyi marking of 10 points or 5 points systems is carried out to each factor according to marking table.
Section weights cij=road administrative hierarchy score value+number of track-lines score value+road section length score value.
(4) algorithm
First then node is sorted to node relevant road segments according to importance sorting according to weights size.
Height according to pitch point importance ensures there is a video detector in the section that each node is connected successively.
Which section that concrete node is connected arranges video detector, then be ranked up according to section weights size, and weights are big to be set
It is other then cloth is set to coil checker for video detector.
(5) model
All standing object module
The laying target of highway test point has two kinds：Reach maximal cover rate, cover whole road with fixed test number of devices
The minimum number of devices needed during net.It is to obtain covering the minimum that whole road network needs in the target laid to overall all standing
Number of devices, i.e. object module are：
In formula：X --- detection points；
N --- node total number；
cij--- oriented section eijOn when having equipment, the equipment cover the weights or weights in section and.
When detector layout cover section weights reached all sections weights and when, just reached 100% and covered
Lid.Now, equipment is further added by, overlay capacity will be invariable, can obtains needing minimum number of devices during 100% covering accordingly
Arrangement.
It is complex in view of the constraints and calculating process of the minimum target model above built, thus using it
Veneziano model carrys out model solution, and object module is：
In formula：Z --- overlay capacity, the weights in the controllable section in the controllable region of test point, i.e. test point and；
N --- section sum；
cij--- oriented section eijOn when having equipment, the equipment cover the weights or weights in section and.
This model means Zero-one integer programming model, solves by being operated to the incidence matrix of road net model.From power
The maximum section of weight starts to lay, and often arranges a set of equipment, seeks a covering total amount, and when total amount is covered all roads in net are equal to
Section weights and when, just reached 100% covering.The consideration of wherein specific weight first considers road with reference to the status function of road
Administrative hierarchy, the length and number of track-lines in section are considered further that in the case of grade identical, not using overall merit calculating method.
Meanwhile, the spacing that detector layout is considered when laying is less than 15 kilometers.
(6) coverage rate explanation
As shown in figure 3, for 8 sections of the connection of node 2,4 exit ramps of totally 4 entrance driveway can be with one of side
Testing equipment is not laid to section such as e12, opposite direction section e21 is laid into video detecting device.The section that node 3 is connected
It is in the same manner.
All standing by 12 complete equipments is laid in 14 sections in road network, and need not lay 14 complete equipments.
(7) flow correlation analysis
Although the volume of traffic in each section due to shunting of the vehicle at each node and it is different, some close on
Flow affirmative between section is related.And because resident trip rule has certain identical property, so network of highways section
The characteristics of upper magnitude of traffic flow change has similar.So the similarity relationships of traffic parameter are there are between some basic roads,
Need to determine in the region for needing to layout there is similitude between which section according to traffic flow analysis, there is much degree
Similitude.
Differentiate the similarity degree between two substantially oriented section magnitudes of traffic flow, use coefficient correlation
Description, whereinIn formula, X represents the volume of traffic number of section X
Group, Y represents the volume of traffic array of section Y.ρ (X, Y) represents the coefficient correlation between X, Y magnitude of traffic flow of section.And section X, Y
Data on flows must be same time phase corresponding data.
Coefficient correlation is calculated it is necessary to have enough sample is supported, if the phase relation that sample very little, is calculated
Number is not representative.And between two groups of samples there is dependency relation not illustrate that they have causality, so true
Must be careful during the coefficient correlation in fixed two sections, need with the data on flows of multigroup different periods of history to this phase relation
Several stability are verified.
(8) principle is laid by stages
In order under existing equipment quantity and economic factor restrictive condition, greatest benefit makes full use of test point, real
Qingdao City's traffic information of highway network is now more fully obtained, the laying of time phasing automatic detection system is needed.Affect by stages
The key element of solution formulation is many, is embodied in object module, flow correlations and comprehensive parameter etc. of layouting.
The influence factor that by stages layout scheme is formulated is taken into full account, on the basis of analysis link flow similitude, foundation
The weights in section are importance degree parameter (containing category of roads, number of track-lines, the volume of traffic, node degree etc.), uniformity index (as averagely often
Bar highway the points of measurement, hundred kilometers of distance the points of measurement etc.) and data reliability factor (such as road section length, flowed fluctuation system
Number etc.) formulating time phasing scheme, the collection section dynamic letter of maximum magnitude as accurate as possible under conditions of benefit is ensured
Breath.The main principle of the basis for selecting in test point section have it is following some：
(1) benefit is maximum.Unnecessary section and irrational section is excluded as far as possible, it is to avoid the information of collection repeats, and makes
Into the waste of resource, using the relation between adjacent segments, the effect of equipment is given full play to.
(2) emphasis is laid.Select Important Sections and key node to be laid, obtain the traffic of key road segment node
Information, to solve the key contradiction of highway communication operation.
(3) it is uniformly distributed.The section for making selection as far as possible is uniformly distributed in each counties and cities, it is to avoid Loop detector layout is excessively concentrated.
(4) data reliability.Points for investigation should be located at more stable traffic flow, flow and characteristic and can represent the interval friendship in certain section
The place of through-current capacity and characteristic.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, not to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention
Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within god and principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method that utilization testing equipment lays transport information test point in regional highway network, it is characterised in that the profit
Comprised the following steps in the method that road network lays transport information test point with testing equipment：
Step one, obtaining network of highways map and land used along the line includes small towns population, GDP information；
Step 2, determines highway node and section, and by important intersection, and cities and towns gateway is entered as node networking section of satisfying the need
Row is overall for the first time to be divided, and combining road administration is particularly administrative division and carries out second division to relevant road segments, according to section
Length and observation mileage requirement, road section length is finally split to the long section in part less than 15 kilometers；
Step 3, calculate node importance degree and section weights；Pitch point importance selecting index node position importance contains township
Town grade, two aspects of category of roads, node institute link road two aspects of segment number carry out respectively ten grades, Pyatyi marking, node
Importance value=position importance score value * 5+ node link road segment number score values；Section weights cij=road administrative hierarchy
Score value+number of track-lines score value+road section length score value；Road administrative hierarchy score value is 10 score values；Number of track-lines score value is 5 score values；Section
Length score value is 5 score values；
Step 4, sets up highway network modeling, with vital point as node, with section as side, and gives each section corresponding weights,
Set up and assign power road network topology structure chart；
Step 5, first sorts to node according to importance degree score value, and then node relevant road segments are sorted according to weights size, first cloth
Setting video detector, method is to ensure there is one in the section that each node is connected successively according to the height of pitch point importance
Video detector, then according to the size of the size of pitch point importance and its connection section weights lays coil inspection to other sections
Survey device；
Step 6, often lays a video or coil checker calculates one-time detection coverage rate, until all devices have been laid
Finish or till coverage rate reaches expected coverage rate, so as to obtain layout scheme；It is similarly obtained required under different coverage rate targets
Coverage rate under testing equipment quantity, or certain amount testing equipment, so as to formulate layout scheme by stages.
2. the method for laying transport information test point in regional highway network using testing equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the road network models structure using graph theory method；Figure in graph theory is the set of point v and side e, and point is side
The object of contact, while the relation between reflecting a little；Figure be describe some objects and its between relation model；
It is G=(V, E) by seal, wherein V represents the set of point, V={ vi}；The set of E representative edges, E={ eij }；Given figure G
=(V, E), for G in each directed edge eij, corresponding power is cij, then G be referred to as weighted graph together with the power on side；
With road junction as node, with all directions section as side, and each side i.e. corresponding weights in all directions section are given, set up
Weighted graph；
Incidence matrix A=(a of figure G=(V, E)ij) it is following m*n matrixes：
In formula：cij--- side eijWeights, it is relevant with category of roads, number of track-lines, road section length and flow；
viReij——viWith eijBetween there is incidence relation.
3. the method for laying transport information test point in regional highway network using testing equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, which section that concrete node is connected arranges video detector, then be ranked up according to section weights size, chooses
Maximum weight carries out video detector laying；It is other then cloth is set to coil checker.
4. the method for laying transport information test point in regional highway network using testing equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the utilization testing equipment lays all standing object module of the method for transport information test point in road network and is：
In formula：X --- detection points；
N --- node total number；
cij--- oriented section eijOn when having equipment, the equipment cover the weights or weights in section and；
When detector layout cover section weights reached all sections weights and when, just reach 100% covering.
5. the method for laying transport information test point in regional highway network using testing equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the utilization testing equipment differentiates two substantially oriented road section traffic volumes in the method that road network lays transport information test point
Similarity degree between flow, uses coefficient correlationDescription, wherein
In formula, X represents the volume of traffic array of section X, and Y represents the volume of traffic array of section Y；ρ (X, Y) represents section X, Y traffic flow
Coefficient correlation between amount；And the data on flows of section X, Y must be the corresponding data of same time phase.
6. a kind of utilization testing equipment as claimed in claim 1 lays the inspection of the method for transport information test point in regional highway network
Measurement equipment, it is characterised in that the testing equipment includes：
Induction coil detector, to causing the change of electromagnetic induction to be processed by coil or the vehicle being present on coil and
Reach testing goal；The traffic parameter of acquisition includes：Collection flow, occupation rate, speed；
Video detector, the shooting and record for traffic recognizes traffic event information by video identification technology, obtains
Flow, occupation rate, speed, queue length, car plate.
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