CN106649956A - Pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method based on axonometrical drawing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method based on an axonometrical drawing. The method comprises the steps of firstly conducting diagram preprocessing on a pipeline axonometrical drawing, and maintaining the connectivity among pipe sections in an original pipeline; then extracting coordinate data of each pipe section in the preprocessed pipeline axonometrical drawing; once again, conducting coordinate transformation on the extracted data according to a projection rule of an isometric drawing and a diagram data storage format of AutoCAD, that is, transforming two-dimensional geometric data in the axonometrical drawing into three-dimensional geometric data, and judging the connectivity among the pipeline sections; finally, achieving the pipeline three-dimensional model construction according to the judged connectivity among the pipeline sections and the transformed coordinate data of the pipeline sections. According to the pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method based on the axonometrical drawing, the three-dimensional reconstruction is conducted by adopting a diagram analyzing technology, the pipeline three-dimensional model construction based on the pipeline axonometrical drawing can be achieved, and the method is strong in practicability and operability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pipeline layout design, in particular to a pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method based on an axonometric diagram.
Background
The pipeline axonometric drawing is generally drawn by AutoCAD software, two projection methods, namely a central projection method and a parallel projection method, are commonly adopted in the existing pipeline layout design engineering, and most of engineering drawings are expressed by the parallel projection method. The isometric view is generated by a parallel projection method and is a plane view with stereoscopic sense; in other words, there is a static stereoscopic impression in the projection direction forming the axonometric view, which does not exist when the axonometric view is viewed from a different angle; the pipeline three-dimensional stereo image is not a real pipeline three-dimensional stereo image, the pipeline layout cannot be observed from different positions and angles, and design errors such as interference among pipelines and the like easily occur on a pipeline construction site, so that the engineering is stopped or terminated; and the construction can be continued only by modifying the wrong pipeline layout design, thus seriously influencing the operation efficiency of the project and having higher cost.
Based on the technical problems existing in the pipeline layout design, no relevant solution exists; there is therefore a pressing need to find effective solutions to the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method based on an axonometric diagram; the method aims to solve the problem that the design error of the pipeline mapping diagram is difficult to effectively eliminate in the construction design stage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method based on axonometric drawing comprises the following steps:
s1: dividing a pipeline mapping image drawn by AutoCAD software into a plurality of pipe sections, carrying out graphic preprocessing on the plurality of pipe sections of the pipeline mapping image by adopting a graphic replacement and classified coding method, and keeping the connectivity of each pipe section in the original pipeline;
s2: extracting coordinate data of each pipe section of each preprocessed pipeline axonometric diagram by adopting an AutoLisp/VisualLisp selection set and a primitive processing technology, and converting the extracted coordinate data into three-dimensional entity data by adopting a projection rule of an isometric diagram;
s3: judging the connectivity between the pipe sections according to the extracted three-dimensional entity data;
s4: according to the obtained connectivity of the pipe sections and the three-dimensional entity data of each pipe section, realizing the three-dimensional model construction by using AutoLisp/VisualLisp programming; and replacing the replaced graph with a three-dimensional corresponding graph again by utilizing a graph replacement technology according to the graph replacement and coding information in the step S1 to complete the two-dimensional to three-dimensional replacement of various valves and pipe fittings on the pipeline and realize the three-dimensional reconstruction of the pipeline of the axonometric diagram.
As an improvement to the above solution, the tube sections are represented by the position of the axis (thick solid line) of the cylindrical tube sections.
As an improvement to the above technical solution, the graphics are replaced by replacing each pipe and valve in the pipeline axonometric diagram with a "block" entity; the classification codes are each coded according to a "block" entity in the pipeline map.
As an improvement to the above technical solution, in step 3, the pipe sections are classified according to connectivity of each pipe section; forming a set of connected pipe sections into independent pipelines; other pipe sections are modeled directly or discarded.
As an improvement to the above technical solution, the independent conduit is divided into a simple passage or a communication branch passage.
As an improvement to the above technical solution, the independent pipeline is represented in a linked list data structure or an array form by using an AutoLisp/VisualLisp programming technology; the connected branch paths are represented in a binary/ternary tree data structure.
Specifically, the steps are sequentially performed as follows:
pipeline axonometric diagrams are generally drawn by AutoCAD software, and comprise a plurality of pipe sections, wherein each pipe section is the minimum unit in the pipeline diagram and is generally represented by the axial line (thick solid line) position of a cylindrical pipe section (generally, the thick solid line with larger line width); the relationship between the pipe sections comprises a communicated relationship and a non-communicated relationship; in a communicating relationship, any one of the pipe sections may also belong to a simple passage or have a communicating branch; therefore, the three-dimensional reconstruction of the pipeline axonometric diagram can be carried out by combining the actual engineering drawing so as to efficiently and accurately identify the pipeline layout.
Firstly, carrying out graphic preprocessing (namely standardization of an axonometric diagram) on each pipeline by adopting a graphic replacement and classification coding method, realizing the model standardization expression of the axonometric diagram of each pipeline and keeping the connectivity of the original pipeline.
Then, extracting the coordinate data of each pipe section from each normalized pipeline axonometric diagram by adopting an AutoLisp/visual lisp selection set and a primitive processing technology, and presenting the extracted original data in a three-dimensional form (for example, data of each pipe in fig. 3 (a)). Due to the particularity of the map of the axonometric map, the data is essentially two-dimensional data, and entity data of a real three-dimensional space is derived according to the original data by utilizing the projection rule of the isometric map, so that data conversion is completed.
Thirdly, judging the connectivity of the pipe sections according to the converted three-dimensional data, and analyzing which pipe sections have connectivity. The pipe sections with connectivity form an assembly to form independent pipelines; further, judging the channel to be a simple channel or have a communication branch, and classifying; generally, a simple path is a single independently connected branch; also, pipe segments that are not on any of the passageways can be considered to exist in isolation, optionally modeled or discarded directly in three dimensions.
Then, different data structures are designed to realize three-dimensional reconstruction. For the pipeline with simple path, a linked list data structure or array is established; for the pipeline with connected branches, a binary tree/ternary tree data structure is established, and different data structures are all converted into a table structure for expression when the automatic Lisp/visual Lisp programming is used for realizing.
And finally, realizing the pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction based on the axonometric diagram. And realizing the three-dimensional model construction by using AutoLisp/VisualLisp programming according to the obtained connectivity of the pipe sections and the three-dimensional data of each pipe section. And replacing the replaced graph once again by using a three-dimensional corresponding graph according to the graph replacement and coding information in the first step by using a graph replacement technology, mainly finishing the two-dimensional to three-dimensional replacement of various valves and pipe fittings on the pipeline and realizing the complete three-dimensional reconstruction of the mapping pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method based on the axonometric drawing solves the problem that the design error of the pipeline axonometric drawing is difficult to effectively eliminate in the construction design stage. By adopting the scheme, the three-dimensional reconstruction analysis of the pipeline axonometric diagram can be realized, so that the pipeline layout can be observed from different positions and angles, the design errors such as mutual interference between pipelines or components and the like on the pipeline construction site are reduced, the engineering efficiency is reduced, and the problem caused by layout design errors in engineering construction is effectively solved; in addition, the pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method of the axonometric diagram is high in practicability and operability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of three-dimensional reconstruction of an isometric view of a pipeline of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a pipe of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plot of raw data versus three-dimensional reconstructed data for a pipe segment, where 3(a) is the raw data and 3(a) is the solid data;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between three coordinate systems of an isometric view of a pipeline of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a pipeline orientation determination in an isometric view of a pipeline of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the coordinate transformation in an isometric view of a pipe of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present technology is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method based on the axonometric drawing of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
pipeline axonometrical maps are generally drawn by AutoCAD software, and comprise a plurality of pipeline sections, wherein each pipeline section is the minimum unit in the pipeline map and is generally represented by the axial line (thick solid line) position of a cylindrical pipeline section (thick solid line); the relationship between the pipe sections comprises a communicated relationship and a non-communicated relationship; in communicating relationship, any one pipe segment is either attached to a simple path or to a path having communicating branches. Therefore, the three-dimensional reconstruction of the pipeline axonometric diagram can be carried out by combining the actual engineering drawing so as to efficiently and accurately identify the pipeline layout.
Firstly, carrying out graphic preprocessing (namely standardization of an axonometric diagram) on each pipeline by adopting a graphic replacement and classification coding method, realizing the model standardization expression of the axonometric diagram of each pipeline and keeping the connectivity of the original pipeline section. FIG. 2 is an original illustration of an isometric view of a pipe.
And then, extracting the coordinate data of each pipe section from each normalized pipeline axonometric diagram by adopting an AutoLisp/VisualLisp selection set and a primitive processing technology, wherein the extracted original data is presented in a three-dimensional form (for example, the data of each pipe section in the diagram of FIG. 3 (a)). Due to the particularity of the axonometric map, the Z coordinates are all zero, and the data is essentially two-dimensional data. According to the relationship diagram of the three coordinate systems of the pipeline side-axis diagram shown in fig. 4, the entity data of the extracted original data in the three-dimensional space is derived by using the projection rule of the isometric diagram, and data conversion is completed, for example, the data of each pipe section in fig. 3 (b).
Thirdly, judging the connectivity of the pipe sections according to the converted three-dimensional data, and analyzing which pipe sections have connectivity. The pipe sections with the passages form an integrated independent pipeline, and the independent pipeline is further judged to be a simple passage or to be provided with a communication branch for classification processing.
Then, different data structures are designed to realize three-dimensional reconstruction. For the pipeline with simple path, a linked list data structure or array is established; a binary/ternary tree data structure is established for pipes with connected branches. When implemented using the AutoLisp/VisualLisp programming, the different data structures are all converted to "table" structure representations.
And finally, realizing three-dimensional reconstruction of the pipeline section based on pipeline axonometric drawing. And realizing the three-dimensional model construction of all the pipe sections by using AutoLisp/VisualLisp programming according to the obtained connectivity of the pipe sections and the three-dimensional data of each pipe section. According to the graph replacement and the coding information in the first step, the graph replacement technology is reused, the replaced graph is replaced once again by the three-dimensional corresponding graph, two-dimensional to three-dimensional replacement of various valves and pipe fittings on the pipeline is mainly completed, and three-dimensional reconstruction of the pipeline axonometric diagram is achieved in a complete sense.
Preferably, the pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method of the axonometric diagram provided by the invention is implemented as follows:
1. graphics pre-processing
And carrying out graphic preprocessing, namely normalizing the mapping chart by using a graphic replacement and classified coding method to the pipeline, so as to realize the model normalization processing of the mapping chart of the pipeline and keep the connectivity of the original pipeline. The pipeline axonometric diagram is subjected to standardized processing, which mainly comprises the steps of separating various valves and pipe fittings in the pipeline axonometric diagram, extracting geometric elements forming the valves and the pipe fittings, and combining the geometric elements into an independent 'block' entity; the 'block' entity is an entity type in AutoCAD and can be realized through AutoCAD software; and the original graphs are preprocessed in the scheme so as to unify the expression of the pipeline mapping graph and keep the connectivity of the original pipeline mapping graph. The pipeline diagram is complicated, and as shown in fig. 2, in order to efficiently complete the three-dimensional reconstruction work, certain preprocessing work needs to be performed according to the processing method and characteristics of the pipeline diagram; the engineering drawing preprocessing is a basic processing in three-dimensional reconstruction, and is also a first step of the three-dimensional reconstruction, and whether the quality of the part of work directly influences the subsequent reconstruction work; the process comprises the following steps:
(1) delete and reconstruct independent units: auxiliary graphic elements in the view, such as pipe racks, direction labels, material tables, title bars, some labeling information (referring to geometric labeling consistent with actual characteristics, such as length labeling) and the like;
(2) and normalization treatment: basic pipeline layers are built to store pipelines, and valve and pipe layer are built to store valves and pipes, such as flanges, stop valves, reducer pipes, etc. The pipelines are uniformly represented by single lines and thick solid lines, and the valves and the pipe fittings are represented by thin solid lines;
(3) the valves and the pipe fittings are made into blocks, and the named blocks are coded according to a certain rule.
2. Data extraction and coordinate transformation of pipe sections
And extracting the coordinate data of each pipe section of the normalized pipeline axonometric diagram by adopting an AutoLisp/VisualLisp selection set and a primitive processing technology, and presenting the extracted original data in a three-dimensional form. Due to the particularity of the mapping of the axonometric diagram, the data is essentially two-dimensional data, and the original two-dimensional data is deduced into entity data of a three-dimensional space by adopting the projection rule of the isometric diagram to complete data conversion.
To implement the coordinate transformation, as shown in FIG. 4, first a two-dimensional world coordinate system OX will be understoodwYwZw(xoy), axis measuring coordinate system OX1Y1Z1And the relation between three different coordinate systems of a space projection coordinate system OXYZ and the relation between the axonometric drawing and the three-dimensional entity drawing. The world coordinate system, namely a drawing coordinate system, is usually performed under the coordinate system when the pipeline axonometric drawing is drawn by using the AutoCAD software, the Zw coordinate of the drawing coordinate system is 0 in a default condition, and the data stored in an AutoCAD database is the data under the coordinate system. The space projection coordinate system OXYZ is a three-dimensional reconstruction target coordinate system, the coordinate axes of the space projection coordinate system are 90 degrees, and the space projection coordinate system is a coordinate system where a three-dimensional object is located under the real condition. The axial coordinate system is a projection of the spatial coordinate system oyxyz on the axial projection plane. The pipeline diagram mostly adopts the orthographic isometric projection, and the included angle between the axonometric projection axes is 120 degrees.
(1) And extracting data of the pipe sections: graphic objects involved in the chemical pipeline axonometric drawing are mainly points, straight lines and circular arcs. The graphic information can be obtained and modified by two methods: the method comprises a group code table processing method of AutoLisp and an object attribute processing method of Visual Lisp. The AutoLisp program obtains the required information by the primitive name of the graph and the corresponding DXF. The line start point information is acquired, for example, by (cdr (entret (car (entrsel))). The method adopts an ActiveX method in VisualLisp to acquire the required information through the object name and the attribute of the graph. The linear object has many properties such as StartPoint, EndPoint, Length, Angle, Color, etc. And for the straight line, converting the primitive name into an object name, and acquiring the required information by acquiring an attribute function. The straight line start point information is acquired by, for example, (Vlax-Get (Vlax-entity- > Vla-Object (car (entersel)) ' StartPoint) to acquire straight line Angle information, (Vlax-Get (Vlax-entity- > Vla-Object (car (entersel)) ' Angle) to acquire straight line Angle information, (Vlax-Get (Vlax-entity- > Vla-Object (car (entersel)) ' Length) to acquire Length information; other attribute information may be obtained by changing the attribute name. The use of the ActiveX method allows more intuitive access and editing of primitive attributes than handling complex DXF group codes.
(2) Judging the trend of the pipe section: in most cases, the spatial position of the pipes is perpendicular to the basic plane of projection, i.e. in the plumb, lateral and plumb positions. As can be seen from the axonometric projection law, the axonometric images are represented parallel to the respective axonometric axes. Thus, in the isometric view the pipe is located with the X in the world coordinate systemwThe included angles in the forward direction are + -30 deg. + -90 deg. + -150 deg., as shown in fig. 5. In order to realize the coordinate transformation of the pipeline, the spatial trend of the pipeline is judged firstly; the pipeline and X can be obtained through the Angle attribute of the linear objectwAnd (3) forward included angle information, wherein the obtained angle information is expressed by radian as a unit. For example, in FIG. 5, the channels OA and XwThe positive included angle is 30 degrees, namely the included angle is parallel to the axis X1 of the axis measuring shaft and is negative, and OA can be pushed out to be parallel to the X axis under the space coordinate system; similarly, it can be found that AB is parallel to the Z axis of the spatial coordinate axis, and BC is parallel to the Y axis of the spatial coordinate axis. When the pipe section is a projection plane parallel line or a general position straight line, a plane changing method can be adopted to convert the pipe section into a projection plane vertical line.
(3) Coordinate transformation of a single pipe section: the pipe sections in the chemical pipeline diagram are connected end to end. The characteristics of end-to-end connection are fully utilized, and the coordinates of a new pipe section are converted from the starting point of the pipe section to obtain the coordinates in a space coordinate system in the assumption that the coordinates of the pipe section are calculated. As shown in FIG. 6, SE is a pipe section of the piping diagram, S (X)ws,Yws,Zws) And E (X)we,Ywe,Zwe) For a pipe section SE in the world coordinate system OXwYwZwCoordinate of (5), Zws=Zwe=0。S1(X1s,Y1s,Z1s) And E1(X1e,Y1e,Z1e) For the transformed spatial coordinates, the spatial coordinates S of the starting point S1(X1s,Y1s,Z1s) For the purpose of being known, the end-point space coordinates E are derived from the geometric data of the world coordinate system of the extracted SE1(X1e,Y1e,Z1e) The value of (d); during the axis coordinate transformation, the starting point of the starting pipe section needs to be located, and can be generally determined as the coordinate origin or the local coordinate origin. And taking the measured axial coordinates of other pipe sections on the pipeline as a starting point, and sequentially calculating the measured axial coordinates of other pipe sections on the pipeline.
Without loss of generality, let α be 30 °, SE be parallel to the X1 axis negative. Referring to fig. 6, there are:
this is true. L geometric meaning is the true length of the SE pipe section when the direction of the pipe section is equal to X1L is negative when the axial directions are the same, and is equal to X1And when the axes are in the same positive direction, L is positive. L may be obtained via the Length attribute. The coordinates of the points are represented in column vectors, written in the form of a uniform matrix, as:
note the book
Then there is Pe1=MX1·Ps1。
Similarly, when SE// Y1And SE// Z1When are respectively provided with
Pe1=MY1·Ps1,Pe1=MZ1·Ps1。
Wherein,
the above conversion calculation can be accomplished by defining a matrix and vector multiplication function.
3. Valve and pipe identification
The pipeline layout diagram is provided with a large number of valves, pipe fittings (including elbows, tee joints, flanges, reducing pipes and the like), pipeline accessories and the like; they are drawn in a prescribed figure with thin solid lines to approximate scale and actual position; the graphic symbols of the connection forms (flange connection, threaded connection, welding) of the pipe fittings, valves and the like with the pipelines are drawn by thin solid lines; these simple symbols are only schematic diagrams, and often need to express their related information completely by means of engineering semantics such as labels or characters. The existing computer can read the geometric figure elements, but the understanding of the engineering semantic information is difficult to realize intelligently. Therefore, the method identifies the pipeline, the valve and the pipe fitting by judging the layer, the line width and the block name; the valve and the pipe fitting are identified by the block name, and the main reference sizes (such as the nominal diameter and the overall length) of the valve and the pipe fitting are obtained by the attribute value or the expansion data of the block. The inventor analyzes a large number of pipe fittings and valves through research, distinguishes and classifies the pipe fittings and the valves according to a certain principle and method, works out a coding rule, and names of blocks adopt the coding name. The code is composed of module class code, type feature code and connection type code. For example, the code 010102 represents a welding gate valve. The three-dimensional modeling of the valve and the pipe fitting is only used for illustration, and the valve and the pipe fitting can be similar to a real entity as long as the nominal diameter is ensured to be the same as the pipeline.
With the combination of the scheme, the initial graph preprocessing step further comprises the step of carrying out graph preprocessing on each valve and each pipe fitting in the pipeline axonometric diagram; extracting coordinate data of insertion points of each valve and each pipe fitting; by establishing the attributes of the valves and the pipe fittings, the data extraction and conversion of each pipe section in the pipeline can be processed conveniently and intensively.
By adopting the scheme, the three-dimensional reconstruction based on the pipeline axonometric diagram can be realized by applying the graphic analysis technology, so that the pipeline layout can be observed from different positions and angles, the design errors such as mutual interference among pipelines and the like on the pipeline construction site are reduced, the engineering efficiency is influenced, and the problem caused by the layout design errors in the engineering construction is effectively solved; in addition, the pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method of the axonometric diagram is high in practicability and operability.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the described embodiments, or modify equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technology of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention, unless the content of the technical solution of the present invention is departed from.
Claims (6)
1. A pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method based on axonometric drawing is characterized in that: the reconstruction method comprises the following steps:
s1: dividing a pipeline mapping image drawn by AutoCAD software into a plurality of pipe sections, carrying out graphic preprocessing on the plurality of pipe sections of the pipeline mapping image by adopting a graphic replacement and classified coding method, and keeping the connectivity of each pipe section in the original pipeline;
s2: extracting coordinate data of each pipe section of each preprocessed pipeline axonometric diagram by adopting an AutoLisp/VisualLisp selection set and a primitive processing technology, and converting the extracted coordinate data into three-dimensional entity data by adopting a projection rule of an isometric diagram;
s3: judging the connectivity between the pipe sections according to the extracted three-dimensional entity data;
s4: according to the obtained connectivity of the pipe sections and the three-dimensional entity data of each pipe section, realizing the three-dimensional model construction by using AutoLisp/VisualLisp programming; and replacing the replaced graph with a three-dimensional corresponding graph again by utilizing a graph replacement technology according to the graph replacement and coding information in the step S1 to complete the two-dimensional to three-dimensional replacement of various valves and pipe fittings on the pipeline and realize the three-dimensional reconstruction of the pipeline of the axonometric diagram.
2. The axonometric-based pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tube sections are represented by the axial position of the cylindrical tube sections.
3. The axonometric-based pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the graph is replaced by replacing each pipe fitting and valve in the pipeline axonometric diagram with a 'block' entity; the classification codes are each coded according to a "block" entity in the pipeline map.
4. The axonometric-based pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3, the pipe sections are classified according to the connectivity of each pipe section; forming a set of connected pipe sections into independent pipelines; other pipe sections are directly modeled or discarded.
5. The axonometric-based pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the independent pipeline is divided into a simple passage or a communication branch passage.
6. The axonometric-based pipeline three-dimensional reconstruction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: expressing the independent pipelines in a linked list data structure or an array form by adopting an AutoLisp/VisualLisp programming technology; the connected branch paths are represented in a binary/ternary tree data structure.
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