CN106645860B - Substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter detecting check system - Google Patents
Substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter detecting check system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106645860B CN106645860B CN201710019069.2A CN201710019069A CN106645860B CN 106645860 B CN106645860 B CN 106645860B CN 201710019069 A CN201710019069 A CN 201710019069A CN 106645860 B CN106645860 B CN 106645860B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/12—Circuits for multi-testers, i.e. multimeters, e.g. for measuring voltage, current, or impedance at will
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/20—Measuring earth resistance; Measuring contact resistance, e.g. of earth connections, e.g. plates
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter detecting check system, including earth loop impedance test circuit；It include terminal C2, P2, P1, C1 in circuit；C2 is switched by the first via, electric current electrode resistance in concatenated testing impedance master switch K1 opens one end that K2 connects measuring resistance switching switch K3 with electric current pole artifical resistance；P2 connects one end of Hz noise switch K4 by the second tunnel in concatenated K1, there are two contacts for the other end of K4, first contact switches one end of switch K5 by isolating transformer T connection voltage electrode resistance, second contact is directly connected to one end of K5, one end that the other end of K5 passes through voltage pole artifical resistance connection mark K3, one end of the other end connection measuring resistance Re of K3, the other end of Re connect panel connecting terminal P1, C1.The present invention can detect the multinomial test performance of earthmeter instrument currently on the market, and then can determine whether every test performance index of detecting instrument, ensure the accuracy and safety of grounded screen performance measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to substation grounding engineering device technique field, in particular to a kind of substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter inspection
Survey check system.
Background technique
Grounded screen is to these earthing poles are mutual by the multiple metallic ground poles for being embedded in underground certain depth and by conductor
The general name of the grounding body of connection composition reticular structure.It is widely used in the crowds such as electric power, building, computer, industrial and mining enterprises, communication
Among conglomerate, the effects of playing security protection, shield.IEEE/GB has formulated grounding safety parameter and ground grid design refers to
South standardizes and instructs substation grounding Security Construction.According to " DL/T475-2006 earthing or grounding means characterisitic parameter measures directive/guide "
It include impedance ground, step voltage, contact voltage, factory it is required that need to test its every characterisitic parameter large ground network
Area's surface potential gradient, electrical integrity, shunting vector etc. measure.Carrying out accurately measurement to these parameters is that judgement connects
The main foundation of earth mat safety.
With the development of grounded screen measurement business, the manufacturer of grounded screen measuring instrument is very more currently on the market, respectively
Principle, measurement accuracy, resolution ratio, the measure the item that can satisfy, the anti-interference ability of its measurement of producer's instrument etc. are different.
How to judge and select the product that can satisfy test request to be a difficult point in this numerous instrument.Therefore, one kind is developed
To the system that ground connection measuring instrument carries out detection check, earthmeter instrument properties currently on the market can be examined
It surveys, and then judges that instrument performance indexes is necessary.This is not only that testing crew provides technology when choosing instrument
On support, can also further promote manufacturer to the promotion from properties of product, promote entire grounded screen fields of measurement skill
The progress of art.
There is no special instruments or system both at home and abroad at present can be special to the properties progress for being grounded measuring instrument
Detection.Detection to ground connection measuring instrument is also simple voltage and current calibration test, instrument output waveform and frequency
Test, and be merely able to judge instrument under noiseless environment to the resolution ratio of voltage and current signals and measurement accuracy, and
The waveform and frequency of instrument output electric current.Following problems and difficult point are also currently primarily present to the detection of ground connection measuring instrument: (1)
Can not judge whether the angle of the voltage and current during apparatus measures impedance ground is accurate, auxiliary electrode is to the shadow of measurement result
Ring the interference free performance of situation, instrument；(2) measurement accuracy of the step voltage measurement process under interference, shunt vector in nothing
Interference and the lower standard measured of interference；(3) for there is the earthmeter instrument of measuring shunt function that can not be interfered down and without dry
Accuracy measurement under disturbing；(4) power test can not carried out for powerful earthmeter instrument.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter detecting check systems, can be to current
Essentially all earthmeter instrument multinomial performance is detected in the market, and the detection for earthmeter instrument provides standard.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter detecting check system, including earth loop impedance test circuit；Earth loop impedance test
Circuit includes panel connecting terminal C2, P2, P1, C1；One end of the first via, testing impedance in C2 connection testing impedance master switch K1
The other end of the first via opens K2 by the switching of concatenated electric current electrode resistance and connects mark with electric current pole artifical resistance Rc in master switch K1
One end of quasi- resistance switching switch K3；One end on the second tunnel in P2 connection testing impedance master switch K1, in testing impedance master switch
One end of the other end connection Hz noise switch K4 on the second tunnel, there are two the other ends of Hz noise switch K4 contact, first
Contact switches one end of switch K5 by isolating transformer T connection voltage electrode resistance, and the second contact is directly connected to voltage electrode resistance
Switch one end of switch K5, the other end that voltage electrode resistance switches switch K5 passes through voltage pole artifical resistance Rp connection measuring resistance
Switch one end of switch K3, measuring resistance switches one end of the other end connection measuring resistance Re of switch K3, measuring resistance Re's
The other end connects panel connecting terminal P1, C1.
Further, C2, C1 connect the current output terminal of tested earthmeter instrument, inject test electric current letter to test loop
Number；P2, P1 connect the voltage measurement terminal of tested instrument；Electric current electrode resistance switching switch allows hand over different electric current electrode resistances and connects
Enter testing current circuit, carries out the test that auxiliary current electrode resistance influences earth loop impedance test；Electric current pole artifical resistance can
Switch different resistance access test loops；Whether Hz noise switch control Hz noise accesses test loop；Transformation is isolated
Device output end switchs access test loop by Hz noise, and input terminal is inputted by pressure regulator, the input range of Hz noise
Voltage is adjustable；The switching of voltage electrode resistance switchs changeable different voltages electrode resistance and accesses voltage measurement circuit, carries out boost voltage
The test that electrode resistance influences earth loop impedance test；The resistance access voltage that voltage pole artifical resistance allows hand over different resistance values is surveyed
Measure circuit；Measuring resistance switching switch is for realizing overload and short-circuit protection；Measuring resistance is as tested apparatus measures accuracy
Reference value, the precision of all measuring resistances reaches 5 ‰.
It further, further include shunting vector test circuit；Shunting vector test circuit includes the first signal generator, the
Binary signal generator, the first signal amplification unit, second signal amplifying unit, isolating transformer T1, isolating transformer T2, isolation
Transformer T3；The output end of first signal generator is defeated by alien frequencies low current output switch the first signal amplification unit of connection
Enter end, the primary side of the output end connection isolating transformer T2 of the first signal amplification unit, secondary side one end of isolating transformer T2 leads to
Current-limiting resistance R2 connection current output terminal C10 is crossed, the other end is directly connected to current output terminal by current testing device A1
C11；The output end of second signal generator connects the input terminal of second signal amplifying unit by alien frequencies High-current output switch,
The primary side of the output end connection isolating transformer T3 of second signal amplifying unit, secondary side one end of isolating transformer T3 passes through current limliting
Resistance R3 connection current output terminal C12, other end current testing device A2 are directly connected to current output terminal C13；0-250V
Two output terminals of pressure regulator pass through the primary side of Hz noise current output switch GK connection isolating transformer T1, and transformation is isolated
Secondary side one end of device T1 connects current output terminal C14 with ammeter A0 by current-limiting resistance R1, and the other end is directly connected to electric current
Output terminal C15.
Further, the first and second signal generator: output alien frequencies driving signal respectively as alien frequencies low current or is divided
Flow the driving signal of driving signal, alien frequencies high current or the benchmark output of output, the adjustable angle between them；First and second
Signal amplification unit: function is carried out to the driving signal of the first and second signal generator output respectively by using power amplifier module
Rate amplification；Isolating transformer T1, T2, T3 are used to prevent the normal output of extraneous interference effect signal amplification unit；Current limliting electricity
For preventing, due to exporting, electric current is excessive to lead to device overcurrent damage to resistance R1, R2, R3；Internal system current testing device A1/A2
Not only can measure alien frequencies it is small/size of high current signal, also can measure its/low current output signal/benchmark/shunting big with alien frequencies
Between angle；Alien frequencies is small/and High-current output terminal directly connects the ammeter A3 of tested instrument, measurement and quilt by A1/A2
The ammeter reading for surveying instrument compares, and the current measurement that instrument is tested to it is calibrated.
It further, further include step voltage test loop；Step voltage test loop includes the first signal generator, the
Binary signal generator, isolating transformer T1, isolating transformer T2, isolating transformer T3；One output of the first signal generator
Terminal connects primary side one end of isolating transformer T1 by the first alien frequencies voltage output switch and the big voltage output switch of alien frequencies, the
Another output of one signal generator is directly connected to the primary side other end of isolating transformer T1；The pair of isolating transformer T1
Side connects two alien frequencies big output voltage terminals P11, P12；One output terminal of second signal generator passes through the second alien frequencies
Voltage output switch and alien frequencies small voltage output switch connection isolating transformer T2 primary side one end, second signal generator it is another
One output terminal is directly connected to the primary side other end of isolating transformer T2；Secondary side one end connection alien frequencies of isolating transformer T2 is small
Output voltage terminals P13, the other end connect alien frequencies small voltage output terminals P 14 by the secondary side of isolating transformer T3；0-250V
The output end of pressure regulator exports the primary side of switch connection isolating transformer T3 by interference voltage；Voltmeter V0 is for measuring two
Voltage between alien frequencies big output voltage terminals P11, P12；Voltmeter V1 is used to measure the secondary side output electricity of isolating transformer T2
Pressure；Voltmeter V2 is used to measure the secondary side output voltage of isolating transformer T3.
Further, the first signal generator: one alien frequencies voltage standard signal of output is exported as alien frequencies voltage signal
Signal source；The on-off of alien frequencies voltage output switch control alien frequencies voltage signal source output；Isolating transformer T1, T2, T3 are prevented
The normal output of extraneous interference effect signal generator；Voltage measurement Table V 0, V1 are internal system voltage measurement, to alien frequencies
Greatly/small voltage output signal measures, for be tested instrument it is big/standard reference value of small voltage calibration, voltage measurement Table V 2 is then
The size of measurement output interference voltage；Alien frequencies is big/small voltage output terminal to tested instrument carry out alien frequencies it is big/school of small voltage
It is quasi-；Pressure regulator output provides power supply for step voltage Hz noise, and output 0-250V is adjustable；Interference voltage exports switch control work
The on-off of frequency interference voltage signal source output；When big voltage measurement, the voltage tester terminal of earthing or grounding means is connected into two alien frequencies
Big output voltage terminals P11, P12, through the reading of voltmeter V0 compared with the voltmeter of earthing or grounding means reading, to earthing or grounding means
It is calibrated；When small voltage measures, by the voltage tester terminal of earthing or grounding means connect two alien frequencies small voltage output terminals Ps 13,
P14 calibrates earthing or grounding means through the reading of voltmeter V1, V2 compared with the voltmeter of earthing or grounding means reading.
Further, the element of the earth loop impedance test, step voltage test loop and shunting vector test circuit is total
With, to substation grounding device carry out earth loop impedance test, step voltage test, shunt vector test when, element is connected respectively
It is connected into earth loop impedance test, step voltage test loop and shunts vector test circuit to the correspondence characteristic of substation grounding device
Parameter carries out detection check.
Compared with the existing technology, the invention has the following advantages: with the demand to electric power energy increase, it is many
Medium-and-large-sized substation builds up so that the area of grounded screen constantly increases, to the accuracy and reliability of grounded screen performance test
Propose increasingly higher demands.The present invention, can be to currently on the market by research and development earthmeter instrument detection check system
The multinomial performance of essentially all of earthmeter instrument is detected, and not only can provide guarantor for the accurate measurement of grounded screen performance
Card, also the detection for earthmeter instrument provides standard.In addition, passing through verification and inspection to different ground connection performance measurement instruments
It surveys, can not only verify related equipment design and improved validity, also can get under different measurement conditions to test equipment shadow
Loud otherness correlation data facilitates the promotion of earthmeter instrument performance accuracy and reliability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram in earth loop impedance test circuit；
Fig. 2 is to shunt vector test alien frequencies signal output principle figure；
Fig. 3 is step voltage test schematic.
Specific embodiment
1, earthmeter instrument detection check system designs
Substation grounding security parameter mainly includes ground resistance, step voltage and contact voltage etc., i.e. " connecing promulgation
Ground equipment energy characteristic parameter measurement directive/guide " in require, large ground network is also needed to carry out shunting vector test.Ground resistance is used to protect
It protects secondary device in substation and damages and safeguard the normal operation of substation from fault current or lightning current, other parameters are then
In order to guarantee work of transformer substation personnel safety.
A kind of substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter detecting check system of the present invention is wanted according to substation grounding parameter testing
It asks and devises following detection project: the accuracy testing of impedance ground in the case of normal and Hz noise；Normal and Hz noise
In the case of step potential difference/contact electromotive force indicating value accuracy testing；Vector accuracy is shunted in the case of normal and Hz noise
Test；The calibration of alien frequencies voltage and current signals；Auxiliary current pole, the docking ground impedance measurement of voltage electrode resistance influence test；Instrument
The waveform and frequency test of device output electric current；The output power of instrument is tested；The supply voltage of instrument influences pilot project, can expire
The foot almost all of parameter detecting test of related earthmeter instrument at present.The design of check system population parameter is as shown in table 1.
1 earthmeter instrument detection check system parameter of table
2, the verification of earthmeter instrument test parameter
Mainly introduce below this detection system to the accuracy testing of the impedance ground in the case of normal and Hz noise, just
Step potential difference/contact electromotive force indicating value accuracy testing in the case of normal and Hz noise, and normal and Hz noise feelings
The detection check method of shunting vector accuracy testing under condition.
The test of 2.1 earth loop impedance tests
2.1.1 chief component
(1) accuracy testing of noiseless lower impedance ground.By establishing the model of grid grounding impedance measurement, builds simulation and connect
The measuring circuit of ground testing impedance, using the impedance ground of measuring resistance analogue ground net, by tested instrument to measuring resistance
Measurement result, to judge tested instrument in the accuracy of noiseless lower grid grounding impedance measurement.
(2) under Hz noise impedance ground accuracy testing.On the basis of noiseless lower test impedance ground, in quilt
Different power frequency interference signals are added in the voltage measuring terminal for surveying instrument, by tested instrument to the inclined of measuring resistance measurement result
Difference, to judge the accuracy of tested instrument grid grounding impedance measurement under Hz noise.
(3) influence test of the auxiliary electrode resistance to impedance ground test result.In noiseless lower test impedance ground
On the basis of, test loop is accessed by the boost voltage pole and auxiliary current electrode resistance that switch different, by tested instrument to mark
The deviation of quasi- resistivity measurements judges that tested instrument connects the accuracy of grid grounding impedance measurement under different auxiliary electrode resistances.
2.1.2 design principle
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram in earth loop impedance test circuit.Earth loop impedance test circuit include panel connecting terminal C2, P2,
P1,C1；One end of the first via in C2 connection testing impedance master switch K1, the other end of the first via passes through in testing impedance master switch
Concatenated electric current electrode resistance switching switch K2 connects one end of measuring resistance switching switch K3 with electric current pole artifical resistance Rc；P2 connects
The one end on the second tunnel in testing impedance master switch K1 is connect, the other end connection Hz noise on the second tunnel is opened in testing impedance master switch
One end of K4 is closed, for the other end of Hz noise switch K4 there are two contact, the first contact passes through isolating transformer T connection voltage pole
Resistance switches one end of switch K5, and the second contact is directly connected to one end of voltage electrode resistance switching switch K5, and voltage electrode resistance is cut
The other end for changing switch K5 switches one end of switch K3, measuring resistance switching by voltage pole artifical resistance Rp connection measuring resistance
One end of the other end connection measuring resistance Re of switch K3, the other end of measuring resistance Re connect P1, C1.
C2, C1 connect the current output terminal of tested earthmeter instrument, inject test current signals to test loop；P2,P1
Connect the voltage measurement terminal of tested instrument.Wherein, testing impedance master switch has overload and short-circuit protection function；Electric current electrode resistance
Different electric current electrode resistance access testing current circuits can be switched in switching switch, carries out auxiliary current electrode resistance and surveys to impedance ground
Try the test influenced；Electric current pole artifical resistance uses powerful load resistance, and different resistance access test loops can be switched；
Whether Hz noise switch control Hz noise accesses test loop；Isolating transformer output end is switched by Hz noise and is accessed
Test loop, input terminal are inputted by pressure regulator, and the input range voltage of Hz noise is adjustable；Voltage electrode resistance switching switch can
Switch different voltages electrode resistance and access voltage measurement circuit, carries out the examination that boost voltage electrode resistance influences earth loop impedance test
It tests；The resistance access voltage measurement circuit of different resistance values can be switched in voltage pole artifical resistance；Measuring resistance switching switch can be achieved
Overload and short-circuit protection；Reference value of the measuring resistance as tested apparatus measures accuracy, all measuring resistances are by professional school
Standard, precision reach 5 ‰.
2.2 shunt vector test test
When measuring impedance ground process, to earth mat inject test current signals, if grounded screen be it is independent, test
Electric current all passes through grounded screen diffusing into the earth, and measurement result reflects the true impedance ground of grounded screen.Such as grounded screen and its
There is electrical connection by metallic ground body in him, partial test electric current will be flowed out by other metallic ground bodies, from grounded screen diffusing
Test electric current specific gravity accordingly reduces, and causes grid grounding impedance measurement result less than normal." the earthing or grounding means characterisitic parameter measurement that will be promulgated
Directive/guide " it requires, shunting vector test need to be carried out for large ground network, grid grounding impedance measurement is nonsensical.
A kind of substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter detecting check system of the present invention passes through output two-way non-power-frequency current letter
Number, the size and phase difference of two paths of signals are adjustable, by will wherein signal treats as benchmark all the way, in addition signal works as ingredient all the way
Signal is flowed, the measuring instrument of vector is shunted for can measure, the data that can measure it size and angle that shunt vector carry out
Detection judges it noiseless lower to the accuracy for shunting vector measurement.
Now measuring shunt all uses alien frequencies method to test in the market, and it is about 3~20A that instrument, which always tests electric current, on every framework
Shunting be mostly tens of to hundreds of milliamperes.Shunting is all tested using Rogowski coil now, since the no-load voltage ratio of Rogowski coil is non-
Alien frequencies (such as 48Hz or 52Hz) electric current of Chang great, the 10mA grade that need to be measured may only have several microvolts by the induction of Rogowski coil,
And there are the interference of very strong power current in shaft tower, Hz noise is likely to be breached several amperes of even tens of amperes, namely interference letter
It is number thousands of times stronger than measured signal amplitude, and the two frequency is very close, while there is also very strong electromagnetism for free surrounding space
Interference, therefore need to test to the accuracy of the measuring shunt under interference of instrument.By shunting vector in original measurement
On the basis of, while a power frequency interference signals are exported, and make power frequency interference signals and shunting signal while passing through Rogowski coil, it is right
Than the difference of the measurement data when interference signal is added and is added without interference signal, judge tested instrument when measurement shunts vector
Interference free performance.
2.2.1 chief component
(1) alien frequencies high current (benchmark) exports.Exportable 0~20A, 40~60Hz alien frequencies high current standard signal, can be right
The alien frequencies high current signal of tested instrument is calibrated, at the same time as the reference signal for shunting vector test.
(2) alien frequencies high current (shunting) exports.Exportable 0~5A, 40~60Hz alien frequencies low current standard signal, can be to quilt
The alien frequencies high current signal for surveying instrument is calibrated, at the same time as the shunting signal shunted in vector test.Benchmark and shunting
Between angle can be configured with 0~360 °, meet the measurement request in measuring shunt to phase.
(3) Hz noise exports.Exportable 0~20A, 50Hz power frequency heavy-current signal, as the power frequency in measuring shunt
Interference.2.2.2 design principle
Fig. 2 is to shunt vector test schematic diagram.Shunting vector test circuit includes the first signal generator, second signal hair
Raw device, the first signal amplification unit, second signal amplifying unit, isolating transformer T1, isolating transformer T2, isolating transformer
T3。
The output end of first signal generator exports the first signal amplification unit of switch XK connection by alien frequencies low current
Input terminal, the primary side of the output end connection isolating transformer T2 of the first signal amplification unit, secondary side one end of isolating transformer T2
By current-limiting resistance R2 connection current output terminal C10, the other end is directly connected to current output terminal by current testing device A1
Sub- C11；
The output end of second signal generator passes through alien frequencies High-current output switch DK connection second signal amplifying unit
Input terminal, the primary side of the output end connection isolating transformer T3 of second signal amplifying unit, secondary side one end of isolating transformer T3
Current output terminal is directly connected to by current-limiting resistance R3 connection current output terminal C12, other end current testing device A2
C13；
Two output terminals of 0-250V pressure regulator pass through Hz noise current output switch GK connection isolating transformer T1
Primary side, secondary side one end of isolating transformer T1 connects current output terminal C14 with ammeter A0 by current-limiting resistance R1, another
End is directly connected to current output terminal C15.
Wherein, the first and second signal generator: output alien frequencies driving signal respectively as alien frequencies low current or shunts defeated
Driving signal, alien frequencies high current or the driving signal of benchmark output out, the adjustable angle between them；
First and second signal amplification unit: by using power amplifier module respectively to the output of the first and second signal generator
Driving signal carries out power amplification, to meet requirement of experiment；
Isolating transformer T1, T2, T3 can prevent the normal output of extraneous interference effect signal amplification unit；
Current-limiting resistance R1, R2, R3 are prevented since electric current is excessive leads to device overcurrent damage for output；
Internal system current testing device A1 (A2) not only can measure the size of small (big) current signal of alien frequencies, also can measure
Its angle between big (small) current output signal (benchmark/shunting) of alien frequencies；Small (big) current output terminal of alien frequencies can be direct
The ammeter A3 for connecing tested instrument is tested instrument to it through the measurement of A1 (A2) compared with the ammeter of tested instrument reading
Current measurement calibrated；When carrying out shunting calibration, using connecting line by two output ends of alien frequencies low current output terminal
Sub- C10 and C11 are shorted, and are then measured using the Rogowski coil reference measurement unit of instrument (tested), by with it is interior
Portion A1 acquisition data are compared realization calibration function.
2.3 step potential differences/contact electromotive force indicating value accuracy testing
The measured value of step voltage and contact voltage is usually quite small, is all the signal of millivolt level, and the power frequency at scene
Interference can reach the hundreds of times of measured signal sometimes, the case where value is not measured in some equipment at the scene often occur.For having
The earthmeter instrument of step voltage and contact voltage measurement function, system is by providing the standard measuring signal of a millivolt level
To judge instrument in the noiseless lower accuracy measured step potential difference and contact electromotive force indicating value.System is defeated in step voltage
Apply power frequency interference signals on terminal out, by being tested instrument in the difference of interference and noiseless lower test data, judges instrument
Survey interference free performance when step voltage.
2.3.1 chief component
(1) the big voltage calibration of alien frequencies.The big voltage standard signal of the alien frequencies of exportable 0~300V, 40~60Hz, can be to tested
The big voltage measurement of the alien frequencies of instrument is calibrated.
(2) alien frequencies small voltage calibration (step voltage accuracy testing).The small electricity of the alien frequencies of exportable 0~5V, 40~60Hz
Standard signal is pressed, the alien frequencies small voltage signal measurement of tested instrument is calibrated, while the signal as step voltage measurement.
(3) step voltage measures anti-interference test.By the way that power frequency interference signals are added in system step voltage output end, see
Deviation when tested instrument interferes the measured value of step voltage and undressed frequency is examined, judges resisting when apparatus measures step voltage
Jamming performance.2.3.2 design principle
Fig. 3 is step voltage test loop schematic diagram.Step voltage test loop includes the first signal generator, the second letter
Number generator, isolating transformer T1, isolating transformer T2, isolating transformer T3.
One output terminal of the first signal generator is defeated by the first alien frequencies voltage output switch K6 and the big voltage of alien frequencies
Another output of primary side one end of switch K7 connection isolating transformer T1 out, the first signal generator is directly connected to be isolated
The primary side other end of transformer T1；The secondary side of isolating transformer T1 connects two alien frequencies big output voltage terminals P11, P12.
One output terminal of second signal generator is defeated by the second alien frequencies voltage output switch K8 and alien frequencies small voltage
Another output of primary side one end of switch K9 connection isolating transformer T2 out, second signal generator is directly connected to be isolated
The primary side other end of transformer T2；Secondary side one end of isolating transformer T2 connects alien frequencies small voltage output terminals P 13, and the other end is logical
Cross the secondary side connection alien frequencies small voltage output terminals P 14 of isolating transformer T3.The output end of 0-250V pressure regulator passes through interference electricity
The primary side of pressure output switch K10 connection isolating transformer T3.Voltmeter V0 is for measuring two big output voltage terminals of alien frequencies
Voltage between P11, P12；Voltmeter V1 is used to measure the secondary side output voltage of isolating transformer T2；Voltmeter V2 is for measuring
The secondary side output voltage of isolating transformer T3.
Wherein, the first signal generator: the letter that one alien frequencies voltage standard signal of output is exported as alien frequencies voltage signal
Number source；The on-off of alien frequencies (big) voltage output switch control alien frequencies (big) voltage signal source output；Isolating transformer T1, T2, T3
Prevent the normal output of extraneous interference effect signal generator；Voltage measurement Table V 0, V1 are internal system voltage measurement, to different
Big (small) voltage output signal of frequency measures, for the standard reference value for being tested big (small) voltage calibration of instrument, voltage measurement table
V2 then measures the size of output interference voltage；Big (small) output voltage terminals of alien frequencies carry out big (small) voltage of alien frequencies to tested instrument
Calibration.Pressure regulator output provides power supply for step voltage Hz noise, and output 0-250V is adjustable；Interference voltage output switch control
The on-off of Hz noise voltage signal source output processed.When big voltage measurement, the voltage tester terminal of earthing or grounding means is connected two
Alien frequencies big output voltage terminals P11, P12, through the reading of voltmeter V0 compared with the voltmeter of earthing or grounding means reading, to ground connection
Device is calibrated.When small voltage measures, the voltage tester terminal of earthing or grounding means is connected into two alien frequencies small voltage output terminals
P13, P14 calibrate earthing or grounding means through the reading of voltmeter V1, V2 compared with the voltmeter of earthing or grounding means reading.
3 testing calibration examples
3.1ZC-8 earthing megohm meter detection example
ZC-8 earthing megohm meter be using it is most universal, using most wide a portable earthmeter instrument.This detection
ZC-8 is four terminals, can be by check system to its output waveform and frequency, output power, and grid grounding impedance measurement accuracy is auxiliary
The influence and its anti-interference of voltage electrode resistance and auxiliary current electrode resistance to test result is helped to can be carried out test, herein mainly
Introduce the verification of grid grounding impedance measurement accuracy.
It is required according to detection operation, megger is accessed into measure loop, accuracy testing, auxiliary to its grid grounding impedance measurement
Electrode resistance, which influences test, to be tested.Selection standard resistance be 50m Ω, 500m Ω, 10 Ω when test data be shown in Table 2,
Middle RV、RIRespectively voltage level resistance and current stage resistance.
The test of table 2ZC-8 earthing megohm meter impedance ground accuracy
(a) measuring resistance: 50m Ω (unit m Ω)
(b) measuring resistance: 500m Ω (unit m Ω)
(c) measuring resistance: 10 Ω (unit Ω)
It being found by test data analysis, when measuring resistance resistance value is larger, the measurement accuracy of megger can probably reach 10%,
The influence very little of auxiliary electrode resistance.When measuring resistance resistance value is smaller, if auxiliary current electrode resistance is also smaller, number is measured
According to precision can also reach 10~20%, if auxiliary current electrode resistance is excessive, the error measured is very big.
Hz noise voltage signal is applied to megger, since megger output voltage is smaller, to prevent from damaging tested instrument, is done
Disturbing voltage should not add excessive, be adjusted to 5V, 10V, 20V respectively, due to voltage pole Resistance Influence very little, voltage electrode resistance is chosen
500 Ω test its interference free performance, and test data is shown in Table 3, wherein RTFor interference voltage.
The anti-interference test of table 3ZC-8 earthing megohm meter impedance ground
(a) measuring resistance: 50m Ω (unit m Ω)
(b) measuring resistance: 500m Ω (unit m Ω)
(c) measuring resistance: 10 Ω (unit Ω)
It is found by test data analysis, in the presence of having interference, the test reading of the megger can not be stablized, data fluctuations
It is very big, it can not accurately be measured.
3.2DF9600 large ground network grounding characteristics and shunting vector measurement system detection example
DF9600 large ground network grounding characteristics and shunting vector measurement system are the high-precision of various large ground network characterisitic parameters
Spend measuring system.System include variable-frequency power sources, isolating transformer, frequency-selecting multimeter, wireless measuring shunt unit, Rogowski coil,
The components such as wireless frequency selecting communication instrument, transmission antenna, by applying the voltage and current of an alien frequencies (such as 47Hz or 53Hz) to earth mat,
Then frequency-selecting Anti-Jamming Technique is used, the scene interference of exclusion carries out precise measurement.System can accurate, reliable, quickly measure big
The various parameters of type earth mat: impedance ground, resistance, reactance shunt vector, step voltage, contact voltage, conducting resistance, ground connection
The parameters such as stake resistance.System has the function of wirelessly to shunt vector measurement, can accurately measure each shaft tower framework under thousand times of interference
Shunting vector, and data processing is carried out, so as to be accurately obtained mesh grounding impedance, the diverting coefficient of operation substation.
All test items can be carried out to it by check system to test, mainly introduce impedance ground herein and shunt vector-oriented
The accuracy verification that can be tested.
3.2.1 earth loop impedance test
It is required according to detection operation, instrument is accessed into measure loop, accuracy testing, auxiliary to its grid grounding impedance measurement
Electrode resistance, which influences test, to be tested.Selection standard resistance be 50m Ω, 500m Ω, 10 Ω when test data be shown in Table 4,
Middle RV、RIRespectively voltage level resistance and current stage resistance.
Table 4DF9600 large ground network grounding characteristics and shunting vector measurement system earth impedance accuracy test
(a) measuring resistance: 50m Ω (unit m Ω)
(b) measuring resistance: 500m Ω (unit m Ω)
(c) measuring resistance: 10 Ω (unit Ω)
It is found by test data analysis, DF9600 large ground network grounding characteristics and shunting vector measurement system are different
All very accurate to the test result of various criterion resistance under auxiliary electrode resistance, error is very small.
Then Hz noise voltage signal is applied to DF9600 large ground network grounding characteristics and shunting vector measurement system, by
There is high-power transformation to be isolated in tested instrument, output voltage is big.Interference voltage is adjusted to 10V, 50V, 100V respectively, due to voltage
Electrode resistance influences very little, and voltage electrode resistance is chosen 500 Ω, tests its interference free performance, the data of test are shown in Table 5, wherein RT
For interference voltage.
Table 5DF9600 large ground network grounding characteristics and the shunting anti-interference test of vector measurement system earth impedance
(a) measuring resistance: 50m Ω (unit m Ω)
(b) measuring resistance: 500m Ω (unit m Ω)
(c) measuring resistance: 10 Ω (unit Ω)
It is found by test data analysis, in the presence of having interference, DF9600 large ground network grounding characteristics and shunting vector
The measurement data of measuring system is highly stable, and error of measured data is very small, can accurately be measured under strong jamming.
3.2.2 vector test is shunted
DF9600 large ground network grounding characteristics and shunting vector measurement system have the function of to shunt vector measurement, shunt to it
Vector measurement accuracy is tested.Selection of datum 10A, test data are shown in Table 6, wherein shunting size is Is, differential seat angle △
θ。
Table 6DF9600 large ground network grounding characteristics and shunting vector measurement system shunt vector accuracy testing (unit mA
∠°)
It is found by test data analysis, DF9600 large ground network grounding characteristics and shunting vector measurement system are to different big
Small and angle shunting vector test result is very accurate.
To DF9600 large ground network grounding characteristics and shunt vector measurement system application Hz noise current signal, interference electricity
Stream is respectively 1A, 5A, 10A, tests its interference free performance, test data is shown in Table 7.
Table 7DF9600 large ground network grounding characteristics and shunting vector measurement system shunt the anti-interference accuracy testing of vector
(unit mA ∠ °)
(a) benchmark 10A, Hz noise 1A
(b) benchmark 10A, Hz noise 5A
(c) benchmark 10A, Hz noise 10A
It is found by test data analysis, in the presence of having Hz noise, DF9600 large ground network grounding characteristics and shunting
The shunting vector measurement data of vector measurement system are highly stable, and error of measured data is very small, can carry out under strong jamming
Accurately measurement.
With the increase of the demand to electric power energy, many medium-and-large-sized substations are built up so that the area of grounded screen is continuous
Increase, increasingly higher demands also proposed to the accuracy and reliability of grounded screen performance test.The present invention is connect by research and development
Ground measuring instrument detection check system can carry out the properties of essentially all of earthmeter instrument currently on the market
Detection not only can provide guarantee for the accurate measurement of grounded screen performance, and also the detection for earthmeter instrument provides standard.This
Outside, by the verifications and detection to different ground connection performance measurement instruments, it can not only verify the design of related equipment and improved have
Effect property also can get the otherness correlation data influenced under different measurement conditions on test equipment, facilitate earthmeter instrument
The promotion of performance accuracy and reliability.
Claims (6)
1. substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter detecting check system, which is characterized in that including earth loop impedance test circuit；
Earth loop impedance test circuit includes panel connecting terminal C2, P2, P1, C1；First in C2 connection testing impedance master switch K1
The one end on road, the other end of the first via opens K2 and electric current pole by the switching of concatenated electric current electrode resistance in testing impedance master switch K1
One end of artifical resistance Rc connection measuring resistance switching switch K3；The one end on the second tunnel in P2 connection testing impedance master switch K1,
One end of the other end connection Hz noise switch K4 on the second tunnel, the other end of Hz noise switch K4 in testing impedance master switch
There are two contact, the first contact switches one end of switch K5 by isolating transformer T connection voltage electrode resistance, and the second contact is direct
One end of voltage electrode resistance switching switch K5 is connected, the other end that voltage electrode resistance switches switch K5 passes through voltage pole artifical resistance
Rp connection measuring resistance switches one end of switch K3, and measuring resistance switches the one of the other end connection measuring resistance Re of switch K3
The other end at end, measuring resistance Re connects panel connecting terminal P1, C1.
2. substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter detecting check system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that C2, C1
The current output terminal for connecing tested earthmeter instrument injects test current signals to test loop；P2, P1 connect the electricity of tested instrument
Press measurement terminal；Electric current electrode resistance switching switch allows hand over different electric current electrode resistance access testing current circuits, carries out auxiliary
The test for helping electric current electrode resistance to influence earth loop impedance test；Electric current pole artifical resistance allows hand over different resistance access tests
Circuit；Whether Hz noise switch control Hz noise accesses test loop；Isolating transformer output end is opened by Hz noise
Access test loop is closed, input terminal is inputted by pressure regulator, and the input range voltage of Hz noise is adjustable；The switching of voltage electrode resistance
It switchs changeable different voltages electrode resistance and accesses voltage measurement circuit, carrying out boost voltage electrode resistance influences earth loop impedance test
Test；Voltage pole artifical resistance allows hand over the resistance access voltage measurement circuit of different resistance values；Measuring resistance switching switch
For realizing overload and short-circuit protection；Reference value of the measuring resistance as tested apparatus measures accuracy, all measuring resistances
Precision reaches 5 ‰.
3. substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter detecting check system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include
Shunt vector test circuit；
Shunting vector test circuit includes the first signal generator, second signal generator, the first signal amplification unit, the second letter
Number amplifying unit, isolating transformer T1, isolating transformer T2, isolating transformer T3；
The output end of first signal generator connects the input terminal of the first signal amplification unit by alien frequencies low current output switch,
The primary side of the output end connection isolating transformer T2 of first signal amplification unit, secondary side one end of isolating transformer T2 passes through current limliting
Resistance R2 connection current output terminal C10, the other end are directly connected to current output terminal C11 by current testing device A1；
The output end of second signal generator connects the input terminal of second signal amplifying unit by alien frequencies High-current output switch,
The primary side of the output end connection isolating transformer T3 of second signal amplifying unit, secondary side one end of isolating transformer T3 passes through current limliting
Resistance R3 connection current output terminal C12, the other end are directly connected to current output terminal C13 by current testing device A2；
Two output terminals of 0-250V pressure regulator pass through the original of Hz noise current output switch GK connection isolating transformer T1
The secondary side one end on side, isolating transformer T1 connects current output terminal C14 with ammeter A0 by current-limiting resistance R1, and the other end is straight
Current output terminal C15 is met in succession.
4. substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter detecting check system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that first,
Binary signal generator: output alien frequencies driving signal is big respectively as alien frequencies low current or the driving signal of shunting output, alien frequencies
Electric current or the driving signal of benchmark output, the adjustable angle between them；First and second signal amplification unit: by using function
Rate amplification module carries out power amplification to the driving signal of the first and second signal generator output respectively；Isolating transformer T1, T2,
T3 is used to prevent the normal output of extraneous interference effect signal amplification unit；Current-limiting resistance R1, R2, R3 are for preventing due to defeated
Electric current is excessive out leads to device overcurrent damage；Internal system current testing device A1/A2 not only can measure alien frequencies it is small/high current letter
Number size, also can measure the angle between its big with alien frequencies/low current output signal/benchmark/shunting；Alien frequencies is small/high current
Output terminal directly meets the ammeter A3 of tested instrument, right through the measurement of A1/A2 compared with the ammeter of tested instrument reading
The current measurement of its tested instrument is calibrated.
5. substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter detecting check system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include
Step voltage test loop；Step voltage test loop includes the first signal generator, second signal generator, isolating transformer
T1, isolating transformer T2, isolating transformer T3；
One output terminal of the first signal generator passes through the first alien frequencies voltage output switch and the big voltage output switch of alien frequencies
Primary side one end of isolating transformer T1 is connected, another output of the first signal generator is directly connected to isolating transformer T1
The primary side other end；The secondary side of isolating transformer T1 connects two alien frequencies big output voltage terminals P11, P12；
One output terminal of second signal generator passes through the second alien frequencies voltage output switch and alien frequencies small voltage output switch
Primary side one end of isolating transformer T2 is connected, another output of second signal generator is directly connected to isolating transformer T2
The primary side other end；Secondary side one end of isolating transformer T2 connects alien frequencies small voltage output terminals P 13, and the other end is become by isolation
The secondary side of depressor T3 connects alien frequencies small voltage output terminals P 14；
The output end of 0-250V pressure regulator exports the primary side of switch connection isolating transformer T3 by interference voltage；
Voltmeter V0 is used to measure the voltage between two alien frequencies big output voltage terminals P11, P12；Voltmeter V1 is for measuring
The secondary side output voltage of isolating transformer T2；Voltmeter V2 is used to measure the secondary side output voltage of isolating transformer T3.
6. substation grounding equipment energy characteristic parameter detecting check system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that wherein,
First signal generator: the signal source that one alien frequencies voltage standard signal of output is exported as alien frequencies voltage signal；Alien frequencies voltage
Export the on-off of switch control alien frequencies voltage signal source output；Isolating transformer T1, T2, T3 prevent extraneous interference effect signal
The normal output of generator；Voltage measurement Table V 0, V1 be internal system voltage measurement ,/small voltage output signal big to alien frequencies into
Row measurement, for be tested instrument it is big/standard reference value of small voltage calibration, voltage measurement Table V 2 then measures the big of output interference voltage
It is small；Alien frequencies is big/small voltage output terminal to tested instrument carry out alien frequencies it is big/calibration of small voltage；
Pressure regulator output provides power supply for step voltage Hz noise, and output 0-250V is adjustable；
Interference voltage exports the on-off of switch control Hz noise voltage signal source output；
When big voltage measurement, the voltage tester terminal of earthing or grounding means is connected into two alien frequencies big output voltage terminals P11, P12, is led to
The reading of overvoltage Table V 0 calibrates earthing or grounding means compared with the voltmeter of earthing or grounding means reading；It, will when small voltage measures
The voltage tester terminal of earthing or grounding means connects two alien frequencies small voltage output terminals Ps 13, P14, passes through the reading of voltmeter V1, V2
Compared with the voltmeter of earthing or grounding means reading, earthing or grounding means is calibrated.
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| CN109581257B (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2023-12-29 | 武汉市康达电气有限公司 | Metering and calibrating device of large-scale grounding device grounding impedance tester |
| CN109596156A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-04-09 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Ground/ON signal calibration method for output |
| CN112415245A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-26 | 云南电网有限责任公司临沧供电局 | Leakage protection switch and step voltage detection device tester |
| CN112615349A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-06 | 国网四川省电力公司攀枝花供电公司 | Low-voltage power distribution cabinet phase-loss protection device |
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