CN106645580A - 规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法,其包括如下步骤:(1)绘制猪场平面布局图,确定生产区和隔离区;(2)确定场区主导风向;(3)确定场区内气体监测点;(4)确定气体监测对照点;(5)确定场区边界区域气体监测点;(6)确定缓冲区边界区域气体监测点;(7)确定缓冲区边界区域外气体监测点;(8)布设气体监测装置。本发明所述规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法适用于各种类型畜舍养殖条件,操作性强、监测成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于畜牧养殖环境监测技术领域,尤其是涉及一种规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法。
背景技术
我国是全球最大的生猪养殖国,2015年生猪出栏达70825万头。现阶段,规模化养殖日趋成为我国畜牧业发展的主导趋势。但由于缺乏合理的排放标准、环境管理措施和控制处理设施,集约化猪场排放的粪便、废弃物和废水等产生的有毒有害气体对大气环境造成了严重的污染,对动物福利和人类健康具有较大威胁。
养殖场排放的有毒有害气体包括氨气、硫化氢以及硫醇、苯酚、对甲酚、吲哚、粪臭素等多种挥发性有机化合物。其中,氨气和硫化氢是恶臭物质的无机成分,对环境空气质量危害最大。因此,针对规模化猪场开展主要气体污染物长期定位监测工作,对明确污染物种类、运移途径、转化过程以及正确评价污染范围具有重要意义,为进一步制定行业标准、发展规划及养殖环境突发事件应急预案提供数据支撑,从而为国家战略养殖区域规划布局、环境风险预警及环境污染物控制提供技术指导。但目前,尚缺乏适用于各种类型畜舍养殖条件,操作性强、监测成本低的规模化养殖场气体污染物监测方法。
发明内容
本发明针对现有规模化养殖场气体污染物监测方法中所存在的问题,提出一种规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法,其目的在于提供一种适用于各种类型畜舍养殖条件、操作性强、监测成本低的规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:绘制猪场平面布局图,确定生产区和隔离区;
S2:确定场区主导风向;
S3:确定场区内气体监测点;
S4:确定气体监测对照点;
S5:确定场区边界区域气体监测点;
S6:确定缓冲区边界区域气体监测点;
S7:确定缓冲区边界区域外气体监测点;
S8:布设气体监测装置。
而且,步骤S3中所述的确定场区内气体监测点包括生产区中心点A、隔离区中心点B、生产区中心点和隔离区中心点所连线段中点O。
而且,步骤S4中所述的确定气体监测对照点,以O点为圆心,以生产区和隔离区边界距O点最远距离(OC线段长)为半径作场区边界区域圆;过O点作与主导风向方向相同的直线为场区中心线;场区中心线上风向上距场区边界区域圆与该直线上风向交点1000m处的G点为气体监测对照点。
而且,步骤S5所述的确定场区边界区域气体监测点,过气体监测对照点G作权利要求3所述场区边界区域圆切线,两切点K、L和场区边界区域圆与场区中心线的两交点D、E为场区边界区域气体监测点。
而且,步骤S6所述的确定缓冲区边界区域气体监测点,以O点为圆心,OC线段长加500米为半径,作缓冲区边界区域圆,缓冲区边界区域圆与场区中心线的两交点F、H和GK、GL的延长线与缓冲区边界区域圆在下风向的两交点M、N为缓冲区边界区域气体监测点。
而且,步骤S7所述的确定缓冲区边界区域外气体监测点,场区中心线下风向方向上距权利要求5所述缓冲区边界区域圆与场区中心线交点H分别为1000m和2500m的两点I、J为缓冲区边界区域外气体监测点。
而且,步骤S8中所述的布设气体监测装置,分别在气体监测对照点G,场区内气体监测点A、B、O,场区边界区域气体监测点D、E、K、L,缓冲区边界区域气体监测点F、H、M、N,缓冲区边界区域外气体监测点I、J,共14个点位布设能测量氨气和硫化氢实时浓度的气体监测装置。
本发明的优点和积极效果如下:
本发明根据养殖场平面布局图,将生产区和隔离区视为监测中心,监测范围覆盖养殖场气体污染物产排区域,具有适用于各种类型畜舍养殖条件,操作性强、监测成本低的特点。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述的规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法流程图。
图2是本发明所述的规模化猪场气体污染物监测点布置示意图。
图中:1、生产区;2、隔离区。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明:利用本发明方法对某规模化生猪养殖场开展气体污染监测。
实施时气体污染监测布置方法具体如下:
(1)根据养殖场基本情况,绘制场区详细平面布局图,确定生产区和隔离区,如附图2所示。
(2)确定场区主导风向,并在猪场平面布局图中标识出主导风向的上风向和下风向,如附图2所示。
(3)确定生产区中心点,记为A点;确定隔离区中心点,记为B点;记A点和B点所连线段中点为O点;A、B、O三点为场区内气体监测点。
(4)以O点为圆心,生产区和隔离区边界距O点最远距离(OC线段长)为半径,覆盖整个生产区和隔离区作场区边界区域圆;过O点作与主导风向方向相同的场区中心线;场区边界区域圆与场区中心线在上风向交点为D,场区中心线上风向上距D点1000m处的G点为气体监测对照点。
(5)场区边界区域圆与场区中心线的两个交点分别为D和E;过气体监测对照点G作场区边界区域圆的切线,两切点分别为K和L;D、E、K和L四点为场区边界区域气体监测点。
(6)以O点为圆心,OC线段长加500米为半径作缓冲区边界区域圆;缓冲区边界区域圆与场区中心线的两个交点分别为F和H;GK、GL的延长线与缓冲区边界区域圆在下风向上的交点分别为M和N;F、H、M和N四点为缓冲区边界区域气体监测点。
(7)场区中心线上,下风向方向距H点分别为1000米和2500米的两点分别记为I和J,I和J点即为缓冲区边界区域外气体监测点。
(8)分别在气体监测对照点G,场区内气体监测点A、B、O,场区边界区域气体监测点D、E、K、L,缓冲区边界区域气体监测点F、H、M、N,缓冲区边界区域外气体监测点I、J,共14个点位布设能测量氨气和硫化氢实时浓度的气体监测装置。
(9)布设在各点位的气体监测装置能将采集到的各气体浓度数据以无线方式适时自动发送至设备终端,并在设备终端上显示、存储。
本发明根据养殖场平面布局图,将生产区和隔离区视为监测中心,监测范围覆盖养殖场气体污染物产排区域,具有适用于各种类型畜舍养殖条件,操作性强、监测成本低的特点。
本发明监测点实测值一览表
序号 | 监测项目 | 单位 | G | A | B | O | D | E | K | L | F | H | M | N | I | J |
1 | NH3 | ppm | 0 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0 | 0.2 | -- | -- | 0 | 0 |
2 | H2S | ppb | 0 | 40 | 80 | 20 | 15 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0 | 0 |
注:“--”表示数值小于仪器检测精度。
Claims (7)
1.一种规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1:绘制猪场平面布局图,确定生产区和隔离区;
S2:确定场区主导风向;
S3:确定场区内气体监测点;
S4:确定气体监测对照点;
S5:确定场区边界区域气体监测点;
S6:确定缓冲区边界区域气体监测点;
S7:确定缓冲区边界区域外气体监测点;
S8:布设气体监测装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中所述的确定场区内气体监测点包括生产区中心点A、隔离区中心点B、生产区中心点和隔离区中心点所连线段中点O。
3.根据权利要求1所述的规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中所述的确定气体监测对照点,以O点为圆心,以生产区和隔离区边界距O点最远距离(OC线段长)为半径作场区边界区域圆;过O点作与主导风向方向相同的直线为场区中心线;场区中心线上风向上距场区边界区域圆与该直线上风向交点1000m处的G点为气体监测对照点。
4.根据权利要求1所述的规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法,其特征在于:步骤S5所述的确定场区边界区域气体监测点,过气体监测对照点G作权利要求3所述场区边界区域圆切线,两切点K、L和场区边界区域圆与场区中心线的两交点D、E为场区边界区域气体监测点。
5.根据权利要求1所述的规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法,其特征在于:步骤S6所述的确定缓冲区边界区域气体监测点,以O点为圆心,OC线段长加500米为半径,作缓冲区边界区域圆,缓冲区边界区域圆与场区中心线的两交点F、H和GK、GL的延长线与缓冲区边界区域圆在下风向的两交点M、N为缓冲区边界区域气体监测点。
6.根据权利要求1所述的规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法,其特征在于:步骤S7所述的确定缓冲区边界区域外气体监测点,场区中心线下风向方向上距权利要求5所述缓冲区边界区域圆与场区中心线交点H分别为1000m和2500m的两点I、J为缓冲区边界区域外气体监测点。
7.根据权利要求1所述的规模化猪场气体污染物监测方法,其特征在于:步骤S8所述的布设气体监测装置,分别在气体监测对照点G,场区内气体监测点A、B、O,场区边界区域气体监测点D、E、K、L,缓冲区边界区域气体监测点F、H、M、N,缓冲区边界区域外气体监测点I、J,共14个点位布设能测量氨气和硫化氢实时浓度的气体监测装置。
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