CN106643515B - A kind of underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance and method - Google Patents

A kind of underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106643515B
CN106643515B CN201610895399.3A CN201610895399A CN106643515B CN 106643515 B CN106643515 B CN 106643515B CN 201610895399 A CN201610895399 A CN 201610895399A CN 106643515 B CN106643515 B CN 106643515B
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target
experimental tank
underwater
guide rail
installation
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CN106643515A (en
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段志姣
王宇
肖恒兵
唐耿彪
徐列群
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Huazhong Institute Of Optoelectronic Technology (china Shipbuilding Industry Corp 717 Institute)
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Huazhong Institute Of Optoelectronic Technology (china Shipbuilding Industry Corp 717 Institute)
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance comprising: an experimental tank, a moving guide rail, target installation and position adjusting mechanism, a submarine target watch window, a laser range finder, multiple height-adjustable castors and a computer;Moving guide rail is mounted on the top of two long sides of experimental tank longitudinal direction;Target plate installation is connected across on moving guide rail with position adjusting mechanism, can longitudinally do horizontal displacement along experimental tank on moving guide rail;Submarine target watch window is transparent material, is mounted on one end of experimental tank;Laser range finder is mounted on above one end on experimental tank with submarine target watch window;Castor is mounted below experimental tank;Computer bit is in front of submarine target watch window.The present invention also provides a kind of underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length measurement methods.

Description

A kind of underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length measurement technique fields, in particular to a kind of underwater sharp Light imaging apparatus maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance and method.
Background technique
In view of the urgent need of deep-ocean resource exploitation, ocean scientific research and Underwater Engineering operation, so that underwater laser images Technical research and equipment preparation become current one of focus on research direction both at home and abroad.But due in light decaying in water and water Scattering process of the impurity to light so that the operating distance and image quality of underwater laser images are affected.Research is underwater to swash Light imaging apparatus the key technical indexes and key parameter test and measure, and need to build relevant test platform, and simulation is tested The application environment of equipment, test measure its working characteristics.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is be directed to the maximum attenuation linear measure longimetry of underwater laser images equipment deficiency, build it is a set of can mould A kind of underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance and method of quasi- underwater environment, to simulate underwater photoelectricity at As the working environment of equipment, submarine target is provided and is imaged for equipment under test, image quality and maximum attenuation length are measured.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance comprising:
One experimental tank, a moving guide rail, a target installation with position adjusting mechanism, a submarine target watch window, One laser range finder, multiple height-adjustable castors and a computer;
Moving guide rail includes two accurate lead screws, is mounted on the top of two long sides of experimental tank longitudinal direction;Target peace Dress is connected across on moving guide rail with position adjusting mechanism, can longitudinally do horizontal displacement along experimental tank on moving guide rail;Under water Target observations window is transparent material, is mounted on one end of experimental tank;Laser range finder is mounted on experimental tank with water Above one end of lower target observations window;Castor is mounted below experimental tank;Computer bit is before submarine target watch window Side;
Moving guide rail, for carrying target installation and the movement of position adjusting mechanism in the horizontal direction, moving guide rail Two axis horizontals and parallel to each other.
Experimental tank creates a mould for holding the configured experiment water sample with certain water quality attenuation coefficient Quasi- underwater environment;
Orientation of the target installation with the installing mechanism that position adjusting mechanism is target plate and for adjusting target plate target surface;
Laser range finder, for measure submarine target watch window and target installation position adjusting mechanism between away from From, and it is sent to computer;
Castor, for driving experimental tank to move on level ground, and fixed experimental tank position, and for adjusting The level angle of experimental tank;
Computer carries out processing analysis for the image to tested imaging device.
In underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance of the present invention, four peripheral wall of experimental tank and Bottom coats black light-absorbing material, is used to form a camera bellows environment.
In underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance of the present invention,
Target installation includes adjustment handle, the mounting bracket with linear bearing and target target plate with position adjusting mechanism;
Target target plate is mounted on the lower part of target installation and position adjusting mechanism, after experimental tank fills with water, target Target plate is totally submerged wherein, for providing Underwater Imaging target;Adjustment handle makes target target plate vertically axis for rotating Rotation has angle locking device to change the imaging angle of target target plate;
Target installation and position adjusting mechanism are connected across on moving guide rail by the mounting bracket with linear bearing.
In underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance of the present invention,
Submarine target watch window makes and plates anti-reflection film using high transparent glass, and is sealed against leak-stopping water, under water Laser imaging apparatus is imaged the target target plate being immersed in experimental tank by submarine target watch window, submarine target observation Window mounting plane is longitudinally disposed and vertical with experimental tank.
In underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance of the present invention,
Laser range finder is mounted on the top that experimental tank is equipped with one end of submarine target watch window, and ranging direction is taken aim at Quasi- target installation and position adjusting mechanism, for measuring the position of target target plate, to obtain tested underwater laser images The image-forming range of equipment, and computer is sent by image-forming range.
In underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance of the present invention,
Computer is divided for acquiring tested underwater laser images equipment to image formed by submarine target target plate Analysis determines the image limit that can be differentiated, and calculates maximum attenuation length.
In underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance of the present invention,
Experimental tank bottom installation castor be six, for bearing test sink and be mounted on experimental tank other Device fixes the level angle of the adjustable experimental tank of device by the height adjustment on six castors and fixes its position.
It is maximum using measuring device described in any of the above embodiments measurement underwater laser images equipment that the present invention also provides a kind of The method of attenuation length, it includes the following steps:
The first step adjusts each castor in experimental tank bottom, guarantees each castor uniform stressed, and experimental tank is in water It is flat;
Second step checks whether the screw rod on moving guide rail cleans no-sundries, and target installation and position adjusting mechanism exist Whether can smoothly be moved on moving guide rail in the case where not locked, whether orientation adjustment handle being capable of smooth rotation;
Third step, the installation targets target plate in target installation and position adjusting mechanism;
4th step, check submarine target watch window whether clean transparent, with can be clear from submarine target watch window Observe experimental tank internal object;
5th step, the water body sample that required particular decay coefficient is injected into experimental tank, constitute the underwater of a simulation Environment;
6th step passes through submarine target watch window to target submerged in water using tested underwater laser images equipment Target plate imaging, measures image-forming range by laser range finder, is obtained by the Survey Software in computer to image quality analysis Maximum attenuation length of the tested imaging device in the underwater environment with particular decay coefficient.
In underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length measurement method of the present invention, by into experimental tank Water in add different amounts of additive and change attenuation coefficient, led by adjusting target installation and position adjusting mechanism in movement Position change image-forming range on rail changes picture contrast and resolution by the different target patterns on imaging target plate Rate, to obtain the underwater laser images maximum attenuation length under varying environment Parameter Conditions to different images.
Underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance of the invention and method, set according to underwater laser images Standby working characteristics, the experimental tank of black light-absorbing material is coated using four peripheral walls and bottom, is filled after water into sink with one The underwater environment of a limited small practical large space of spatial simulation;By injecting decline identical as environment is modeled into experimental tank Subtract the water sample of coefficient, simulates the underwater environment of different quality condition;Using the installation targets target installation on experimental tank and side Position regulating mechanism, allows target target plate to be immersed in experimental tank, simulates the submarine target detected by underwater laser images equipment;It is logical Overregulate orientation and position of the target target plate in experimental tank, can with test target target plate different direction and different role away from Image quality under in laser imaging apparatus;By replacing the target of different resolution contrast, difference can be tested Image quality of the target of resolution ratio contrast in laser imaging apparatus;By designing submarine target in one end of experimental tank Watch window, convenient for target observations in experimental tank and the relevant test of progress.The present invention is a set of comprehensive and systematic measurement Device can simulate submarine target, the different interacting goals of experimental enviroment under different water parameters, different resolution contrast Distance and bearing etc., for carrying out the measurement of the parameters such as image quality and maximum attenuation length to underwater laser images equipment.
Detailed description of the invention
Referring to respective drawings, in conjunction with preferred embodiment, other objects of the present invention, details, feature and advantage will become Apparent, the embodiment is only the illustrative introduction intention that there is no restriction, in which:
Fig. 1 is that measuring device forms front view;
Fig. 2 is that measuring device forms top view;
Fig. 3 is that target installation is schemed with the composition of position adjusting mechanism first;
Fig. 4 is that target installation is schemed with the composition of position adjusting mechanism second;
1- experimental tank, 2- moving guide rail, the installation of 3- target and position adjusting mechanism, 3.1- adjust handle, 3.2- Mounting bracket with linear bearing, 3.3- target target plate, 4- submarine target watch window, 5- laser range finder, 6- castor, 7- computer.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right The present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1: being a basic embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 1, a kind of experimental provision for simulating underwater environment It includes an experimental tank 1, for accommodating the water body of particular decay coefficient;One moving guide rail 2, is mounted on experimental tank 1 The top of two longitudinal long sides;One target installation and position adjusting mechanism 3, it includes adjustment handle 3.1, band linear axis The mounting bracket 3.2 and target target plate 3.3 held;Target installation is connected across shifting by mounting bracket 3.2 with position adjusting mechanism 3 On dynamic guide rail 2, horizontal displacement can be done along 1 longitudinal direction of experimental tank on moving guide rail 2, adjustment handle 3.1 is for adjusting and locking The orientation of tight target target plate 3.3;One submarine target watch window 4, is mounted on one end of experimental tank 1;One laser ranging Instrument 5 is mounted on experimental tank 1, is measured between submarine target watch window 4 and target installation and position adjusting mechanism 3 Distance;Six castors 6 with the fixed device of height adjustment, movement, adjustment and fixation for experimental tank 1.
Embodiment 2: being further embodiment.Unlike above-described embodiment 1, experimental tank 1 is filled with water as one Device, four peripheral walls and bottom should bond securely, can bear experimental tank 1 and fill with the pressure of four peripheral walls and bottom after water, together When have waterproof performance, guarantee in the case that for a long time be filled with water ne-leakage happen.The internal diameter and longitudinal size root of experimental tank 1 According to it needs to be determined that, the visual field and image-forming range requirement for completing tested underwater laser images equipment should be able to be met.Experimental tank Shape can be designed as cylindric or cuboid according to the actual situation.
Embodiment 3: being further embodiment.Unlike above-described embodiment 1, experimental tank 1 fill with after water with The underwater environment of one limited small practical large space of spatial simulation.The actual working environment of underwater laser images equipment can be recognized To be a camera bellows environment, the imageable target only illumination by laser.Therefore sufficiently to reduce four peripheral walls and the bottom of experimental tank 1 Back scattering and reflection of the portion to underwater laser images equipment incident illumination laser, to avoid laser scattering and reflection again according to It is mapped to simulated target, influences the authenticity of simulation.Therefore black light-absorbing material, shape are coated in 1 four peripheral wall of experimental tank and bottom At a camera bellows environment.1 four peripheral wall of experimental tank and the requirement of the light absorbent of bottom are corrosion-resistant, have long-time stability, will not Physics or chemical characteristic to the water sample in experimental tank 1 have an impact to change the attenuation coefficient of water body;It will not be right External incident laser has scattering and reflex, and can prevent 1 pair of inside of light permeability test sink outside experimental tank 1 Environmental effects.
Embodiment 4: being further embodiment.Unlike above-described embodiment 1, moving guide rail 2 is mounted on test The top of two longitudinal long sides of sink 1, the installation of carrying target and the movement of position adjusting mechanism 3 in the horizontal direction, Two axis horizontals and parallel to each other.It is provided with range marker groove on moving guide rail 2, can indicate target installation and side Approximate location of the position regulating mechanism 3 on moving guide rail 2.2 surface polishing treatment of moving guide rail simultaneously has certain straightness, just In the installation of carrying target with position adjusting mechanism 3 and can smoothly move on it.Meanwhile the both ends of moving guide rail 2 are equipped with limit Position device prevents target installation from having shutdown with what position adjusting mechanism 3 collided experimental tank 1 when being moved to guide rail both ends It is configured to damage.
Embodiment 5: being further embodiment.Unlike above-described embodiment 1, target installation is adjusted with orientation Mechanism 3 is connected across on moving guide rail 2 by the mounting bracket 3.2 with linear bearing, can be along 2 axis direction of moving guide rail It is mobile, and there is locking function, target can be installed and orientation tune by retaining mechanism after being moved to determining position Section mechanism 3 is fixed on moving guide rail 2, prevents its sliding in the horizontal direction from influencing imaging.
Embodiment 6: being further embodiment.Unlike above-described embodiment 1, target target plate 3.3 is mounted on target The lower part of target installation and position adjusting mechanism 3, target target plate 3.3 answer firm installation to avoid shaking and floating in water.When After experimental tank 1 fills with water, target target plate 3.3 be totally submerged wherein, for tested underwater laser images equipment provide under water at As target.Target installation has adjustment handle 3.1 with position adjusting mechanism 3, can make target target plate with rotatable adjustment handle 3.1 3.3 vertically axis rotation one of acted on changing and can lock the angle of target plate plane and tested imaging device optical axis To obtain tested submarine target image of the imaging device under different imaging angles, effect second is that when target installation and Position adjusting mechanism 3 puts down the rotation of target target plate 3.3 to the direction with moving guide rail 2 when moving on moving guide rail 2 Row, to reduce resistance when it is moved in water, facilitates operation.
Embodiment 7: being further embodiment.Unlike above-described embodiment 1, submarine target watch window 4 is adopted The operation wavelength plating anti-reflection film of tested underwater laser images equipment is made and is directed to of high transparent glass, and insertion is mounted on experimental tank 1 one end on the panel by pressing plate one end for being fixedly attached to experimental tank 1 with seal washer, avoids seeping water, install Screw avoids corroding using stainless steel material.Underwater laser images equipment by submarine target watch window 4 to submarine target at Picture, 4 mounting plane of submarine target watch window are longitudinally disposed and vertical with experimental tank 1.Its size should be according to experimental tank 1 End face size and the visual field of tested imaging device comprehensively consider determination, have certain intensity, are able to bear in experimental tank 1 The pressure of water is filled in portion, and plating anti-reflection film with the operation wavelength in tested imaging device has high transmittance, reduces to incident illumination The decaying of laser.
Embodiment 8: being further embodiment.Unlike above-described embodiment 1, a laser range finder 5 is mounted on One end top of the experimental tank 1 with watch window 4, the measurement direction of laser range finder 5 is consistent with the direction of moving guide rail 2, The installation of range laser run-home target and position adjusting mechanism 3, to accurately measure target installation and position adjusting mechanism 3 Position on moving guide rail 2.Again by determining target target plate 3.3 in target installation and the position on position adjusting mechanism 3 And the distance between laser range finder 5 and tested underwater laser images equipment, to obtain image-forming range --- it is tested into As the distance between equipment and target target plate 3.3.
Embodiment 9: being further embodiment.Unlike above-described embodiment 1,1 bottom of experimental tank installs six Castor 6, castor 6 have height adjustment and locking device, and when it is packed up, experimental tank 1 can be by castor in ground moving Adjust riding position, when it puts down, experimental tank 1 the position on ground fix and it is adjustable and locking horizontal direction angle Degree, can also be arranged auxiliary support apparatus to reduce overall structure deformation of the experimental tank 1 after being filled with water, really beside castor 6 It protects and stablizes.
Embodiment 10: being further embodiment.Unlike above-described embodiment 1, computer 7 installs image pick-up card Tested imaging device is acquired to image formed by submarine target target plate 3.3, and by the analysis to image resolution ratio and contrast, It determines the tested identification limit of the imaging device on particular decay coefficient and image-forming range, and then calculates tested imaging device Maximum attenuation length.
Embodiment 11: being a kind of underwater environment side simulated under certain condition of water quality using measuring device of the present invention Method, it includes the following steps: the first step, adjusts experimental tank 1 bottom six castor 6, guarantees six 6 uniform stresseds of castor, and Experimental tank 1 is in level;Second step checks whether 2 screw rod of moving guide rail cleans no-sundries, and target installation is adjusted with orientation Whether mechanism 3 can be 2 smooth mobile on moving guide rail in the case where not locked, and whether orientation adjustment handle 3.1 can be suitable Benefit rotation;Third step, the installation targets target plate 3.3 in target installation and position adjusting mechanism 3;4th step checks underwater mesh Mark watch window whether clean transparent, with can from submarine target watch window clearly from 1 internal object of experimental tank;5th Step, the water body sample that required particular decay coefficient is injected into experimental tank 1, constitute the underwater environment of a simulation.6th step, Target target plate 3.3 submerged in water is imaged by submarine target watch window 4 using tested imaging device, by laser ranging Instrument 5 measures image-forming range, show that tested imaging device has to image quality analysis by the Survey Software in computer 7 The maximum attenuation length of the underwater environment of particular decay coefficient.
Embodiment 12: being further embodiment.Unlike above-described embodiment 11, the particular decay coefficient Water body sample is to be realized by adding a certain amount of inorganic salts into water and stirring, to the decaying system of laser Number is recorded in Survey Software long for calculating maximum attenuation by special water body attenuation coefficient measuring device sampling and measuring Degree.
Embodiment 13: being further embodiment.The change of imaging circumstances parameter is accomplished in the following manner: by examination It tests in sink 1 and adds different amounts of additive change attenuation coefficient, moved by adjusting target installation with position adjusting mechanism 3 Position change image-forming range on dynamic guide rail 2 changes picture contrast by the different target patterns on imaging target plate 3.3 And resolution ratio.Certain particular target pattern is imaged by tested imaging device under certain particular decay coefficient, change image-forming range with Maximum image-forming range under this condition is obtained until tested imaging device cannot differentiate target pattern, it is long to calculate maximum attenuation Degree;Then it keeps water body attenuation coefficient constant, changes image-forming range again after replacement target image and measure;Required pattern target After measurement, changes the attenuation coefficient of water body, repeat the above process again.To obtain one group of differential declines coefficient condition Under, imaging device is tested to the maximum attenuation length of the submarine target of different resolution and contrast.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by bright description is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant technology necks Domain is included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance, characterized in that it comprises:
One experimental tank, a moving guide rail, target installation and position adjusting mechanism, a submarine target watch window, one swash Optar, multiple height-adjustable castors and a computer;
Moving guide rail is mounted on the top of two long sides of experimental tank longitudinal direction;Target installation is connected across with position adjusting mechanism On moving guide rail, horizontal displacement can be longitudinally done along experimental tank on moving guide rail;Submarine target watch window is transparent material, It is mounted on one end of experimental tank;Laser range finder is mounted on one end on experimental tank with submarine target watch window Side;Castor is mounted below experimental tank;Computer bit is in front of submarine target watch window;
Moving guide rail, for carry target installation with the movement of position adjusting mechanism in the horizontal direction, moving guide rail two Axis horizontal and parallel to each other;
Experimental tank creates a simulation for holding the configured experiment water sample with certain water quality attenuation coefficient Underwater environment;
Orientation of the target installation with the installing mechanism that position adjusting mechanism is target plate and for adjusting target plate target surface;
Laser range finder, for measuring submarine target watch window and the distance between target installation and position adjusting mechanism, And it is sent to computer;
Castor, for driving experimental tank to move on level ground, and fixed experimental tank position, and for adjusting test The level angle of sink;
Computer carries out processing analysis for the image to tested imaging device.
2. underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that test water Four peripheral wall of slot and bottom coat black light-absorbing material, are used to form a camera bellows environment.
3. underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that target Installation includes adjustment handle, the mounting bracket with linear bearing and target target plate with position adjusting mechanism;
Target target plate is mounted on the lower part of target installation and position adjusting mechanism, after experimental tank fills with water, target target plate It is totally submerged wherein, for providing Underwater Imaging target;Adjustment handle makes the vertically axis rotation of target target plate for rotating To change the imaging angle of target target plate, and there is angle locking device;
Target installation and position adjusting mechanism are connected across on moving guide rail by the mounting bracket with linear bearing.
4. underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that underwater mesh Mark watch window makes and plates anti-reflection film using high transparent glass, and is sealed against leak-stopping water, and underwater laser images equipment is logical It crosses submarine target watch window the target target plate being immersed in experimental tank is imaged, submarine target watch window mounting plane is vertical To setting and it is vertical with experimental tank.
5. underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that Laser Measuring Distance meter is mounted on the top that experimental tank is equipped with one end of submarine target watch window, the installation of ranging laying for direction target with Position adjusting mechanism, for measuring the position of target target plate, so that the image-forming range of tested underwater laser images equipment is obtained, And computer is sent by image-forming range.
6. underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that computer For acquiring tested underwater laser images equipment to image formed by submarine target target plate, and analyzed, what determination can differentiate The image limit calculates maximum attenuation length.
7. underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that test water The castor of trench bottom installation is six, for bearing test sink and other devices being mounted on experimental tank, passes through six The level angle of the fixed adjustable experimental tank of device of height adjustment on castor simultaneously fixes its position.
8. a kind of long using the described in any item measuring device measurement underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuations of claim 1 to 7 The method of degree, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
The first step adjusts each castor in experimental tank bottom, guarantees each castor uniform stressed, and experimental tank is in level;
Second step checks whether the screw rod on moving guide rail cleans no-sundries, and target installation and position adjusting mechanism are unlocked Whether can smoothly be moved on moving guide rail in the case where dead, whether orientation adjustment handle being capable of smooth rotation;
Third step, the installation targets target plate in target installation and position adjusting mechanism;
4th step, check submarine target watch window whether clean transparent, with can from submarine target watch window clearly from Experimental tank internal object;
5th step, the water body sample that required particular decay coefficient is injected into experimental tank, constitute the underwater environment of a simulation;
6th step passes through submarine target watch window to target target plate submerged in water using tested underwater laser images equipment Imaging, measures image-forming range by laser range finder, is obtained by the Survey Software in computer to image quality analysis tested Maximum attenuation length of the imaging device in the underwater environment with particular decay coefficient.
9. underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length measurement method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that pass through Different amounts of additive is added in water into experimental tank and changes attenuation coefficient, is adjusted by adjusting target installation with orientation Position change image-forming range of the mechanism on moving guide rail changes image pair by the different target patterns on imaging target plate Than degree and resolution ratio, to obtain the underwater laser images maximum attenuation length under varying environment Parameter Conditions to different images.
CN201610895399.3A 2016-10-12 2016-10-12 A kind of underwater laser images equipment maximum attenuation length-measuring appliance and method Active CN106643515B (en)

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