CN106640076A - Water-retention coal mining method for cooperatively controlling water level and water quantity of unconfined aquifer - Google Patents
Water-retention coal mining method for cooperatively controlling water level and water quantity of unconfined aquifer Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
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Abstract
The invention relates to the fields of geological engineering and geological environment engineering, is certainly crossed with mining engineering and particularly relates to a water-retention coal mining method for cooperatively controlling the water level and water quantity of an unconfined aquifer. The water-retention coal mining method comprises the following steps: firstly predicting an influence subregion of a fracture field to the bury depth of a phreatic level of a mine lot; selecting a water-retention method for a fade zone of the predicted phreatic level according to vegetation forms; predicting influences caused by full-thickness fully-mechanized coal mining settling of bury depth variation regions of the predicted phreatic level to the bury depth of the phreatic level, the influences caused by full-thickness fully-mechanized coal mining transfluence of coal beds of the bury depth variation regions to the bury depth of the phreatic level, the influences caused by water balance of the unconfined aquifer in a full-thickness fully-mechanized coal mining region of the coal bed to the bury depth of the phreatic level and the total influence amount of the water balance of the unconfined aquifer in the full-thickness fully-mechanized coal mining region of the coal bed to the bury depth of the phreatic level; dividing the bury depth variation regions of the phreatic level into a suitable growth type, a high water-level type and a low water-level type; utilizing different water-retention coal mining methods for different types of bury depth variation regions of the phreatic level; and repeatedly carrying out the steps (5) to (8) every year of coal mining.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to hydrogeological engineering geological environment engineering field and mining engineering have it is certain intersect, more particularly to
A kind of water-protection coal-mining method of phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control.
【Background technology】
NORTHWEST CHINA area coal reserves enriches, it is superior to bury shallow, ature of coal, but the overall deficient, ecological environment of water resource is crisp
Weak, coal mining causes water resource utility model, environmental degradation, it is therefore desirable to ensure ecological while rational exploitation coal resources
Environment is not significantly affected.At present, the method for water protection mining has various, generally speaking there is water conservation position and the big class of moisture-holding capacity two,
The typical method of water conservation position has：Controlled based on the phreatic table for adopting up crack (water flowing fractured zone) and descending cranny development rule
Water-protection coal-mining method；The typical method of moisture-holding capacity has：The water-protection coal-mining method of underground water reservoir water storage.Moisture-holding capacity is not
Whether cause underground water to enter coal mining mine by mining, be rationally multiplexed into mine water and irrigate the coal mining zone of influence so that whole region
Water resources quantity reduce limited or even increase to reach the purpose of water protection mining.Water conservation position is with the suitable raw phreatic table of protecting ecology
For the purpose of, Coal Resource Development efficiency and the rate of recovery are sacrificed, controlled using coal mining height or special coal-mining method is reduced
System mines the water flowing fractured zone agensis for causing to phreatic aquifer.
At present, there is following subject matter in water-protection coal-mining method：
1) water-protection coal-mining method of moisture-holding capacity, although irrigation can improve shallow soil water content, can cause draft class to plant
Grown is not affected by essence, but the water demand such as arbor class is than larger, is irrigated immediately and be will also result in that vegetation is irreversible to move back
Change, the method ecological environmental protection effect is limited.
2) water-protection coal-mining method of moisture-holding capacity, is the method for the treatment of after pollution, although underground water enter mine after through
Water quality treatment can reach standard, but water quality is still changed significantly, such as salinity, pH value, make for a long time, on a large scale
Irrigated with the mine water after process, afforest can cause the soil texture change, cause Regional Water Environment to change, to ecological long-term shadow
Sound be can not ignore.
3) water-protection coal-mining method of water conservation position, only focuses at present whether the water flowing fractured zone that coal mining causes develops latent
Water water-bearing layer, if ditch general rule thinks that phreatic table disappears, otherwise thinks the success of water conservation position.But in fact, cause phreatic aquifer water
The crack field of the not exclusively coal mining association of position change, rock-soil layer sedimentation, the water table aquifer of also coal mining association more flow and region ground
The hydrologic(al) budget change of lower water, therefore the water-protection coal-mining method of current water conservation position is inaccurate.
4) water-protection coal-mining method of water conservation position, although kept water level, but can sometimes cause region Available water resources
The decline of amount, such as using the water-protection coal-mining method of water conservation position without the water barrier entered below mine, but water table aquifer of diving under water in a large number
Overall sedimentation downwards, causes diving technique to reduce, and the evaporation capacity of diving increases, and becomes invalid water resource, and then to region
Mankind's activity and ecological dry season irrigate and have limited.
5) water-protection coal-mining method of water conservation position, can enter to keep water level to the coal mining thickness in each region and method
The substantial amounts of restriction of row, this causes many coal resources fully to exploit or cost of winning is improved, although protect water resource and
Environment, but coal resources sacrifice too big.
6) in the water-protection coal-mining method of existing water conservation position, the prediction to water flowing fractured zone development height only adopts thickness using coal
(this is because the method sets to offset the impact of life of more miscarrying, Jin Erfang to stay by protective layer thickness to one influence factor
Just calculating just equivalent water producing fractures development height, that a thick factor is only adopted to major influence factors coal is related), but actually lead
Water fissure zone development height influence factor is more, it is impossible to which accurately prediction water flowing fractured zone development height causes existing water conservation to adopt
With the presence of confusion region or transition region during coal subregion water conservation, can only be partial to conservative and sacrificial with the water-protection coal-mining method of such water conservation position
Domestic animal water resource or coal resources.
【The content of the invention】
The present invention is in order to solve the above problems, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of collaboration of phreatic aquifer water level and flow
The water-protection coal-mining method of control, the method simply easily implemented, to the prediction of phreatic table buried depth more accurately, cause coal mining and life
State protection matches, and while preserving the ecological environment, maximum possible exploitation coal resources prevent coal resources from cannot exploit and make
Into waste
A kind of water-protection coal-mining method of phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control, comprises the steps：
Step one, during the full thickness fully mechanized mining in coal seam, predicts impact subregion of the crack field to mining area phreatic table buried depth, predicts diving
Position fade zone and the position of phreatic table buried depth variation zone；
Step 2, then the phreatic table fade zone foundation vegetation pattern selection water-retaining method to step one prediction；
Step 3, then impact of the full thickness fully mechanized mining sedimentation in phreatic table buried depth variation zone coal seam of prediction to phreatic table buried depth
△h1；
Step 4, then the phreatic table buried depth variation zone coal seam full thickness fully mechanized mining more impact of the stream to phreatic table buried depth of prediction
△h2；
Step 5, then predict impact △ h of the full thickness fully mechanized mining region phreatic aquifer hydrologic(al) budget in coal seam to phreatic table buried depth3；
Step 6, then survey impact total amount △ h, △ h=△ h of the full thickness fully mechanized mining region hydrologic(al) budget in coal seam to phreatic table buried depth1+
△h2+△h3；
Step 7, then to phreatic table buried depth region of variation according to the phreatic table buried depth relation behind the suitable unboiled water position of vegetation and change
Classified, be specifically divided into suitable raw class, high water level class and low water level class；
Step 8, then the classification different to phreatic table buried depth region of variation take different water-protection coal-mining methods；
Step 9, coal often exploits 1 year, repeat step five to eight.
In the step one, when predicting crack field to the impact subregion of mining area phreatic table buried depth, first, seam mining is set up
Crack field development height forecast model Hd=f (M, a, c)；
In formula, Hd is crack field development height；M is seam mining thickness；A is coal seam overlying loose seam's thickness；C is coal seam
Overlying bedrock thickness；The unit of Hd, M, a, c is rice；
Then, coal seam full thickness fully mechanized mining is carried out using the drilling all to mining area of seam mining crack field development height forecast model
When crack field development height Hd be predicted；
Finally, judge whether crack field development height Hd is more than coal seam to phreatic aquifer apart from z, be if Hd >=z
Phreatic table fade zone, is otherwise phreatic table buried depth variation zone.
The seam mining thickness M, coal seam overlying loose seam's thickness a and coal seam overlying bedrock thickness c are visited by drilling
Survey and obtain, seam mining crack field development height forecast model Hd=f (M, a, c) adopts polynary system by actual measurement and analogue data
Meter analysis is obtained.
In the step 3, the phreatic table buried depth variation zone coal seam full thickness fully mechanized mining of prediction settles the impact to phreatic table buried depth
△h1=M × η, wherein, M is seam mining thickness, and η is maximum subsidence factor, and dimensionless takes 0.5～0.8.
In the step 4, the more stream is from top to bottom divided into water table aquifer, aquiclude and underlying aquifer, predicts
The full thickness fully mechanized mining of phreatic table buried depth variation zone coal seam more flow impact to phreatic table buried depthWherein, R=rw+R0, rw=l/2 π,
In formula, △ h2Unit is m；Q1It is the inflow rate of mine water of underlying aquifer, unit is m3/d；Q0To exploit down
The inflow rate of mine water in volt water-bearing layer, unit is m3/d；F0、S0Respectively produce water yield correspondence coal mining area and aqueous
Layer drawdown, unit is respectively m2And m；F1And S1It is respectively the corresponding inflow rate of mine water Q to be predicted1Coal mining face
Product and water-bearing layer drawdown, unit is respectively m2And m；T1It is the coefficient of transmissibility of water table aquifer；T3It is the water guide system of underlying aquifer
Number, T1And T3Unit be m2/d；R is the exploitation citation impact radius of water table aquifer, and unit is m；L is coal-face girth,
Unit is m；R0For the bailing test radius of influence of diving, unit is m；K0X () is zeroth order Equations of The Second Kind void argument Bessel function；B
To get over stream factor, unit is m；K2It is the infiltration coefficient of aquiclude, unit is m/d；M2It is the thickness of aquiclude, unit is
m；R is that, apart from pumped well distance, unit is m, and r takes the half that working face moves towards long.
In the step 5, the hydrologic(al) budget region is phreatic table buried depth variation zone, and the full thickness fully mechanized mining region diving in coal seam contains
Impact of the water layer hydrologic(al) budget to phreatic table buried depthWherein, Δ W=W1+W2+W3-W4-W5-W6+ N, W1=α Fh, W2=
V × X, W3=Y × F, W5=Egb× F,
In formula, △ h3Unit is m；μ is the specific yield of phreatic aquifer, and dimensionless takes 0.1～0.3；△ W are that 1 year water is equal
Weighing apparatus value, unit is m3；W1For 1 year infiltration recharge of balanced area's Atmospheric precipitation, unit is m3；α is infiltrated for this area's Atmospheric precipitation
Number, dimensionless takes 0.1～0.3；F is hydrologic(al) budget area area, and unit is m2；H is 1 annual rainfall, and unit is m；W2For hydrologic(al) budget
Region receives adjacent area underground water annual recharge, and unit is m3；V is an annual flow length of diving, and unit is m；X was that water breaks
Face, unit is m2；W3For hydrologic(al) budget area condensate annual recharge, unit is m3；Y is the annual recharge intensity of unit area condensate one,
Unit is m3/m2；W4For 1 year runoff yield of hydrologic(al) budget local ground watering, m3；W5For hydrologic(al) budget local ground watering year evaporation capacity, unit
For m3；EgbFor 1 year evaporation head height of diving, unit is m；Wherein E0Steam for 1 year water surface of earth's surface under this area's meteorological condition
Shampoo grease head highness, unit is m；H is the present buried depth of phreatic table, and unit is m；H0For limit evaporation buried depth of diving under water, unit is m；b
For coefficient, dimensionless, 1～3 is taken；W6For 1 year mining water yield of hydrologic(al) budget local ground watering, unit is m3；N can not be neglected for other
Supply slightly or excretion item, including mankind's activity or transpiration amount.
In the step 7, it is described to phreatic table buried depth region of variation according to the phreatic table behind the suitable unboiled water position of vegetation and change
The detailed process that buried depth relation is classified is as follows：
First, the phreatic table buried depth model of the suitable life of the vegetation is determined in the growth situation of different phreatic table buried depths according to vegetation
Enclose HS1～HS2, HS1And HS2Unit be m；
Then by 3 that have phreatic table buried depth region of variation classification, raw class, high water level class and low water level class are respectively fitted,
It is H wherein to fit raw classS1≤H-△h≤HS2, high water level class is H- △ h ＜ HS1, low water level class is H- △ h ＞ HS2。
In the step 8, different water-protection coal-mining methods are taken in the classification different to phreatic table buried depth region of variation
Process it is specific as follows：
Coal full thickness fully mechanized mining is directly carried out to suitable raw class；
Pumped well or drainage underground well on well is arranged to high water level class, and the diving of low water level class is entered by aqueduct
Row water filling recharge.
It is described that pumped well or drainage underground well on well is arranged to high water level class, and low water level class is dived by aqueduct
When water carries out water filling recharge, if △ is h3>=0, then by aqueduct when high water level is similar, by a part of water resource to step 2
The subsidence area that coal full thickness fully mechanized mining in middle phreatic table fade zone is formed carries out supply irrigation, and the part increment of 1 year should be not more than
△W；If △ is h3＜ 0, then it is the water of the down-hole gully-hole group of the full thickness fully mechanized mining of phreatic table fade zone coal in step 2 is a part of defeated
Delivering to low water level class underground latent water carries out water filling recharge；Above after the water regulation between each area, high water level class region should be kept
Phreatic table buried depth is not more than HS2, low water level class region phreatic table buried depth is not less than HS1。
In the step 2, the phreatic table fade zone of described pair of prediction selects water-retaining method including as follows according to vegetation pattern
Step：
First, according to the phreatic table fade zone surface vegetation type predicted to phreatic table disappearance region class, it is divided into by condensing
Water, Atmospheric precipitation and man-made irrigation substantially can normal growth vegetation and other vegetation；
Again the phreatic table fade zone to predicting carries out water conservation, specific as follows：
To by condensate and Atmospheric precipitation can the water-retaining method that adopts of vegetation area of normal growth be：In underground coal mine coal
Before charcoal exploitation, when the lane of coal-face two is formed, with phreatic aquifer as destination layer under mine, implement gully-hole group, catchment
Kong Qun is unrestrained so that original decline of the phreatic table more than 2/3rds, complete in the Regional Coal to the coal-face top diving
After thick fully mechanized mining, the clean mine water that gully-hole group collects is filled to the mining collapse area top vegetation of phreatic table fade zone
Irrigate；
Other vegetation areas are exploited using limit for height or special exploitation method working seam is entirely thick, the region phreatic table is buried
Change before and after buried coal mining is less than 5%.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is：
The water-protection coal-mining method of the phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control of the present invention considers that coal mining subsides sedimentation
Impact, the consideration region phreatic aquifer water to phreatic table buried depth is more flowed in impact, consideration phreatic aquifer to phreatic table buried depth
The balanced impact to phreatic table buried depth, therefore, the prediction to phreatic table buried depth is more accurate；The present invention is also according to the vegetation class in exploiting field
Type, targetedly provides the phreatic table buried depth optimum range of vegetation so that coal mining matches with ecological protection；The present invention
Water resource is managed while protecting ecology water level, on the one hand the strong regional water resources of evaporation from phreatic water is used,
On the other hand fwaater resources protection is carried out to the not enough region of diving, coordination region water resource is predicted based on eco-grounderwater level；In protection life
While state environment, maximum possible exploitation coal resources prevent coal resources from cannot exploit the waste for causing；The present invention is also simple
Easily implement.
【Description of the drawings】
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is three layers of more flow model schematic diagram.
Wherein, 1 is water table aquifer, and 2 is aquiclude, and 3 is underlying aquifer.
【Specific embodiment】
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the water-protection coal-mining method of phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control of the invention, including
Following step：
Step one：During the full thickness fully mechanized mining in coal seam, impact subregion of the crack field to mining area phreatic table buried depth is predicted；
First, set up seam mining crack field development height forecast model, i.e. Hd=f (M, a, c), Hd is crack field in formula
Development height, unit is m；M is seam mining thickness, and unit is m；A is coal seam overlying loose seam's thickness, and unit is m；C is coal
Layer overlying bedrock thickness, unit is m；Wherein, M, a, c can be obtained by bore detecting, and the pattern function Hd=f for predicting
(M, a, c) is then obtained by a large amount of actual measurements and analogue data using multi-variate statistical analysis；
Then, crack field development height Hd during the full thickness fully mechanized mining in coal seam is carried out using forecast model drilling all to mining area；
Finally, judge whether crack field development height Hd is more than coal seam to phreatic aquifer apart from z, if Hd >=z, for
Phreatic table fade zone, is otherwise phreatic table buried depth variation zone；
Step 2：The phreatic table fade zone of prediction selects water-retaining method according to vegetation pattern, and detailed process is as follows：
First, to predict phreatic table fade zone carry out surface vegetation type investigation, be divided into by condensate, Atmospheric precipitation and
Man-made irrigation substantially can normal growth vegetation (phreatic table disappear after the vegetative coverage be dropped by less than 30%) and other vegetation, it is right
By condensate and Atmospheric precipitation can the water-retaining method that adopts of vegetation area of normal growth be：Before underground coal mine coal mining,
When the lane of coal-face two is formed, with phreatic aquifer as destination layer under mine, implement gully-hole group, gully-hole group adopt to this
The unrestrained of coal working face top diving causes original decline of the phreatic table more than 2/3rds, after the complete thick fully mechanized mining of the Regional Coal,
The clean mine water that gully-hole group collects is irrigated the mining collapse area top vegetation of phreatic table fade zone；
Other vegetation areas are exploited using limit for height or special exploitation method working seam is entirely thick, the region phreatic table is buried
Change before and after buried coal mining should be less than 5%；
Step 3：The phreatic table buried depth variation zone coal seam full thickness fully mechanized mining of prediction prediction settles the impact △ to phreatic table buried depth
h1, △ h1=M × η, unit is m；Wherein η is maximum subsidence factor, and dimensionless takes 0.5～0.8；
Step 4：The impact △ to phreatic table buried depth is more flowed in the phreatic table buried depth variation zone coal seam full thickness fully mechanized mining of prediction prediction
h2,Unit is m；Such as Fig. 2, formula expression is from top to bottom the 1st layer to the 3rd
Layer, in Fig. 2,1 is the 1st layer of model, is water table aquifer, and 3 is the 3rd layer, is underlying aquifer, and 2 is the 2nd layer, is positioned at the 1st layer and the
3 layers of both middle aquicludes；
In formula, Q1It is the 3rd layer of inflow rate of mine water, unit is m3/d；Calculated using hydrogeological analogy methodQ0To have exploited the 3rd layer of inflow rate of mine water, unit is m3/d；F0、S0To produce the water yield correspondence coal
Productive area and water-bearing layer drawdown, unit is respectively m2And m；F1And S1It is the corresponding inflow rate of mine water Q to be predicted1
Coal mining area and water-bearing layer drawdown, unit is respectively m2And m, F1And S1By mining design and hydrogeology spy
Survey and obtain；T1And T3It is respectively the coefficient of transmissibility of phreatic aquifer (the 1st layer) and underlying aquifer (the 3rd layer), unit is m2/
D, can be obtained by bailing test；R is the exploitation citation impact radius of phreatic aquifer, and unit is m, can pass through R=rw+R0Meter
Calculate, wherein rw=l/2 π, l are coal-face girth, and unit is m, R0For the bailing test radius of influence of diving, unit is m,
Can be obtained by bailing test；K0X () is zeroth order Equations of The Second Kind void argument Bessel function, can computation of table lookup；B is more stream factor,
Unit is m,K in formula2、M2It is respectively the infiltration coefficient and thickness of aquiclude, unit is respectively m/d and m, leads to
Cross probing and bailing test is obtained；R is that, apart from pumped well distance, unit is m, takes the half that working face moves towards long；
Step 5：Impact △ h of the full thickness fully mechanized mining region phreatic aquifer hydrologic(al) budget in prediction coal seam to phreatic table buried depth3,Unit is m；Hydrologic(al) budget region is phreatic table buried depth variation zone；
μ is the specific yield of phreatic aquifer in formula, and dimensionless takes 0.1～0.3；△ W are 1 year hydrologic(al) budget value, and unit is
m3, Δ W=W1+W2+W3-W4-W5-W6+ N, W1For 1 year infiltration recharge of balanced area's Atmospheric precipitation, unit is m3, W1=α Fh, α are
This area's Atmospheric precipitation infiltrated water, dimensionless can be determined by lysimeter, take 0.1～0.3；F is hydrologic(al) budget area face
Product, unit is m2；H is 1 annual rainfall, and unit is m；W2Receive adjacent area underground water annual recharge for hydrologic(al) budget region, unit is
m3, W2=v × X, wherein v are an annual flow length of diving, and unit is m, can be determined after flow velocity by groundwater velocity and direction instrument
Convert 1 annual flow length；X is the cross-section of river, and unit is m2, can be obtained by geology detecting；W3For hydrologic(al) budget area condensate year benefit
To amount, unit is m3, W3=Y × F, wherein Y are the annual recharge intensity of unit area condensate one, and unit is m3/m2, by experiment
Measure；W4For 1 year runoff yield of hydrologic(al) budget local ground watering, unit is m3, can be obtained by Field Geology Investigations；W5For hydrologic(al) budget
Local ground watering year evaporation capacity, unit is m3, W5=Egb× F, in formulaIt is high for 1 year evaporation head of diving
Degree, unit is m；Wherein E0For 1 year evaporation from water surface head height of earth's surface under this area's meteorological condition, unit is m, can pass through gas
As observation is obtained；H is the present buried depth of phreatic table, and unit is m, can be obtained by probing water-level observation；H0To dive under water, the limit is steamed
Buried depth is sent out, unit is m, typically takes 8m；B is coefficient, and dimensionless takes 1～3；W6Gush for the mining in 1 year of hydrologic(al) budget local ground watering
The water yield, unit is m3, the hydrogeologic comparison described in step 3 can be passed through and calculated；N is other supplies that can not ignore or row
Item, including mankind's activity or transpiration amount are let out, can be obtained by corresponding set observation or theoretical calculation；
Step 6：Impact total amount △ h, Δ h=Δ h of the full thickness fully mechanized mining region hydrologic(al) budget in prediction coal seam to phreatic table buried depth1+
Δh2+Δh3, unit is m.
Step 7：Phreatic table buried depth region of variation is entered according to the phreatic table buried depth relation behind the suitable unboiled water position of vegetation and change
Row classification, it is as follows according to figure process：
First, the vegetation of phreatic table buried depth variation zone is investigated, growth of the foundation vegetation in different phreatic table buried depths
Situation determines phreatic table buried depth scope H of the suitable life of the vegetationS1～HS2；
Then there are 3 classification of phreatic table buried depth region of variation, respectively fit raw class, high water level class and low water level class, its
In to fit raw class be HS1≤H-△h≤HS2, high water level class is H- △ h ＜ HS1, low water level class is H- △ h ＞ HS2；
Step 8：The compressive classifications different to phreatic table buried depth region of variation take different water-protection coal-mining methods, specifically
Process is as follows：
Suitable raw class directly carries out coal full thickness fully mechanized mining；High water level class then arranges pumped well or drainage underground well on well, and leads to
Cross aqueduct carries out water filling recharge to the diving of low water level class；
If additionally, △ h3>=0, then by aqueduct when high water level is similar, by a part of water resource to diving in step 2
The subsidence area that coal full thickness fully mechanized mining in water level fade zone is formed carries out supply irrigation, and the part increment of 1 year should be not more than △ W；
If △ is h3＜ 0, then by one, the water of the down-hole gully-hole group of the full thickness fully mechanized mining of phreatic table fade zone coal in step 2
Point being delivered to low water level class underground latent water carries out water filling recharge；
Above after the water regulation between each area, high water level class region phreatic table buried depth should be kept to be not more than HS2, low water level
Class region phreatic table buried depth is not less than HS1；
Step 9：Coal is often exploited 1 year, repeat step five to eight, while the resource that cuts coal to greatest extent, is dived
Water water-bearing layer water level and flow Collaborative Control completes water protection mining.
The operation logic of the present invention：
Water protection mining has a two layers of meaning, and one layer is meant that while coal high-yield and high-efficiency is exploited and can not preserve the ecological environment
Now degenerate on a large scale, another layer is meant that available clean water resources quantity is occurred without greatly while coal high-yield and high-efficiency is exploited
Scale is reduced.
Preserve the ecological environment while coal high-yield and high-efficiency is exploited this layer of implication, the present invention is high to crack field development
(a kind of crack field development height of step is affected the Accurate Prediction of degree by multiple influence factors, and in production practice little bar is changed
Under part, geologic(al) factor plays Main Function, and from vital edge, basement rock has control action to stope, and unconsolidated formation is then showed
Go out load action and inhibitory action, thick M, coal seam overlying loose seam's thickness a and coal seam overlying horizon d thickness c are adopted to its shadow in coal seam
Sound is larger, can more accurately be predicted by this 3 factors, and now each prediction is a number rather than a scope, is kept away
There is large-scale transition region or confusion region when having exempted from using this parameter subregion), and then by coal mining to position influence of diving under water
It is divided into phreatic table fade zone and phreatic table buried depth variation zone；To phreatic table fade zone not in the speed for being all sacrifice coal minings
Degree, the rate of recovery and total resources adopt special production practice or restriction coal mining height, but according to vegetation pattern difference
Treat, the vegetation distributed area that will not be degenerated on a large scale by condensate, Atmospheric precipitation and man-made irrigation can opening with high-yield and high-efficiency
Coal resources are adopted, but ecological diversity and Predominance Area can not exist by condensate, Atmospheric precipitation and man-made irrigation more, therefore
These regions should sacrifice the efficiency or total amount of exploitation of coal resources, carry out environmental protection；Coal mining phreatic table buried depth is changed
Area integrally subsided by coal mining affect phreatic table buried depth can the lifting by surrounding supply, also can be by underlying aquifer by unrestrained
Raw phreatic table drawdown of more miscarrying (this part can be calculated by the three of underground water dynamics layers of more flow model), additionally
Can in a balanced way be affected by phreatic aquifer regional water (this part can be calculated by annual hydrologic(al) budget method, but often
The hydrologic(al) budget in year is different due to the difference of the aspects such as evaporation from phreatic water, therefore annual needs are recalculated), accurately prediction is dived
Depth to water can select different recovery methods to complete coal mining and the ecological environmental protection in this region.
For other one layer of implication, available clean water resources quantity occurs without big rule while coal high-yield and high-efficiency is exploited
Mould is reduced.On the basis of ecological demand is met, reasonably collect, distribute, shifting groundwater resources and can be provided using water to meet
Measure maximized purpose in source.Collect including phreatic aquifer water resource in step 2：Make full use of the coal-getter of high-yield and high-efficiency
Make the roadway construction gully-hole group of face formation, gully-hole group is formed before coal mining, it is only necessary to which reaching certain unrestrained amount (can
The water level of unrestrained phreatic aquifer more than 2/3rds), in the meeting preferential growth of coal mining latter aspect crack field in structural plane
Weaker region, i.e., at reserved hole group, while certain extension can outwards be had along hole group, be formed here the water guide of advantage
Passage, can effectively collect high-cleanness, high water resource (into goaf water regather can Mixture Density Networks rock dust, and goaf bar
Part is complicated and changeable, and can there is scattered ponding cannot utilize)；Meanwhile, including the distribution and transfer of the water resource in step 8：
Because water level is buried, shallow Salt water dynamic is big in high water level class region, therefore distributes and shift water resource to low water level class region,
Come the water resources quantity for judging SEA LEVEL VARIATION area it is simultaneously whether is reducing according to hydrologic(al) budget state, from phreatic table disappearance if reducing
Area obtains water resource balancing the regional water resources, not only turns from high water level class region to low water level intra-zone if not reducing
Move, also carry out moisturizing (irrigating) to the aeration zone of mining collapse area, this can promote vegetation more vigorous.
Two layers of meaning not only only has the meaning of the single aspect of protecting ecology and protection Available water resources, also cooperates with
Implication.Such as in phreatic table fade zone, the region of water level can be sacrificed then effectively using the water resource into mine；And for example phreatic table
The different type in buried depth variation zone causes water level more reasonable by the transfer of water resources quantity, while and Reasonable Protection and utilization
Water resources quantity, i.e., during the distribution and transfer of water resource, it should be noted that transfer and the control of sendout, it is impossible to allow Gao Shui
Position class region decrease beyond the ecological suitable unboiled water position minimum rate of accumulation, and low water level class region can not be allowed to be increased beyond ecological suitable unboiled water position most
High line.
Embodiment：
Certain mining area rich coal resources, but surface environment is fragile, water resource is overall deficient, water protection mining work according to
Following steps are carried out：
Step one：During the full thickness fully mechanized mining in coal seam, impact subregion of the crack field to mining area phreatic table buried depth is predicted：First, set up
Seam mining crack field development height forecast model, by a large amount of actual measurements and analogue data (38 groups of data) using multivariate statistics point
The fitting of analysis method obtains the following multifactor fitting formula for meeting this paneling reality：Hd=24.73M+0.135a+0.149c+
1.946, up to 0.837, the Hd that compares has with regard to the fitting result (its goodness of fit 0.774) of single factor test M for the goodness of fit of formula
Significantly improve；
Then, crack field development height Hd during the full thickness fully mechanized mining in coal seam is carried out beneficial to forecast model drilling all to mining area；
Finally, judge whether crack field development height reaches phreatic aquifer, reach, (be computed for phreatic table fade zone
The region area reaches 700km2), otherwise for phreatic table buried depth variation zone, (region area reaches 4500km2)；
Step 2：Phreatic table fade zone to predicting selects water-retaining method according to vegetation pattern：
First, the phreatic table fade zone to predicting carries out surface vegetation type investigation, and the phreatic table of Jing the poll projecteds disappears
There is 646km in area2The vegetation of covering by condensate, Atmospheric precipitation and man-made irrigation substantially can normal growth, mostly sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) etc. is drought-enduring
Desert plant (finds that vegetation coverage declines 22%) by the vegetation cover before and after coal mining；
Gully-hole group is implemented to the region, with one of them 2-2Explanation as a example by the working face of coal mining：Before coal mining
Uniformly implement 16 groups of gully-hole in the lane of coal-face two, altogether 48 drilling, the whole aperture layer position implemented that drills is aqueous for diving
Layer, in total unrestrained amount 55m is reached3During/h, decline of the phreatic table 77%, further increase reaches 95m to the water yield after coal mining3/ h, catchments
Kong Qun irrigates the clean mine water collected to the mining collapse area top vegetation of phreatic table fade zone；
Additionally, there be 54km phreatic table fade zone2The vegetation of covering is arbor class, and the vegetation is in condensate, Atmospheric precipitation
Can not survive with irrigation conditions, for these regions are using the special exploitation method such as mining height or room and pillar mining of reduction,
Change only 3.3% before and after the region phreatic table buried depth coal mining, less than 5%；
Step 3：The phreatic table buried depth variation zone coal seam full thickness fully mechanized mining of prediction prediction settles the impact △ to phreatic table buried depth
h1, 2-2Coal seam M understands to be 5m according to log sheet, and η foundations are observed 0.6, therefore △ h1=M × η=5 × 0.6=3m；
Step 4：The impact △ to phreatic table buried depth is more flowed in the phreatic table buried depth variation zone coal seam full thickness fully mechanized mining of prediction prediction
h2, three layer model as shown in Fig. 2 model from top to bottom, 1 is water table aquifer, is the 1st layer, and 2 is soil layer aquiclude, is the 2nd layer, 3
It is the 3rd layer for underlying aquifer weathered rockses water-bearing layer, disappears according to the 3rd layer of water level after the calculating seam mining in step one,
But the 1st layer of water level will not disappear, and both have head difference, there is underground water by the 2nd layer and more flow, it is former according to underground water dynamics
The correlation formula of reason hasWherein Q1=424.8m3/ d, T1=38.8m2/ d, T3=
2.51m2/d,The water level variable △ h after more stream can be calculated2=-0.93m；
Step 5：Impact △ h of the full thickness fully mechanized mining region hydrologic(al) budget in prediction coal seam to phreatic table buried depth3,Unit
m；Here phreatic table buried depth variation zone (hydrologic(al) budget area F=4500 × 10 are elected in hydrologic(al) budget region as6m2), μ is aqueous for diving in formula
The specific yield of layer, takes 0.27；Δ W=W1+W2+W3-W4-W5-W6+ N=4.7 × 108+0.26×108+2.0×108-0.88×
108-3.8×108-0.17×108+ 0=2.11 × 108m3；Then have
Step 6：Impact total amount △ h, Δ h=Δ h of the full thickness fully mechanized mining region hydrologic(al) budget in prediction coal seam to phreatic table buried depth1+
Δh2+Δh3=3-0.93+0.17=2.24m；
Step 7：Phreatic table buried depth region of variation is carried out according to the suitable unboiled water position of vegetation and the phreatic table buried depth relation after change
Classification, detailed process is as follows：
First, the vegetation of phreatic table buried depth variation zone is investigated, it is true in the growth situation of different depth according to vegetation
The phreatic table buried depth scope of the suitable life of the fixed vegetation is 1.6m～3.6m；
Then there are 3 classification of phreatic table buried depth region of variation, respectively fit raw class, high water level class and low water level class, its
In to fit raw class be 1.6≤H- △ h≤3.6, high water level class is H- △ h ＜ 1.6, and low water level class is H- △ h ＞ 3.6；
Step 8：The different compressive classification of phreatic table buried depth region of variation takes different water-protection coal-mining methods, wherein, fit
Raw class directly carries out coal full thickness fully mechanized mining；High water level class then arranges pumped well and drainage underground well on well, and by aqueduct
Water filling recharge is carried out to the diving of low water level class；
Now, △ h3>=0, high water level class region passes through aqueduct by a part of water resource to diving under water in step 2 simultaneously
The subsidence area that coal full thickness fully mechanized mining in position fade zone is formed carries out supply irrigation, and its 1 year conveying capacity is 2 × 108m3, less than 2.11 ×
108m3, still less than 3.6m, low water level class phreatic table buried depth is still greater than 1.6m for high water level class region diving technique depth to water；
Step 9：All Regional Coals are often exploited 1 year, repeat step five to eight, wherein (being repeated 12 times when the 12nd year
Afterwards), step 5 is calculatedThen on the basis of classification, suitable raw class directly carries out coal to the 8th step
The fully mechanized mining of full thickness；
High water level class arranges pumped well or drainage underground well on well, and the diving of low water level class is carried out by aqueduct
Water filling recharge, meanwhile, by the water part conveying of the down-hole gully-hole group of the full thickness fully mechanized mining of phreatic table fade zone coal in step 2
Water filling recharge is carried out to low water level class underground latent water, high water level class region diving technique depth to water is still less than 3.6m, low water level
Class phreatic table buried depth is still greater than 1.6m；
Finally, the mining area cut coal to greatest extent every year resource while, region environment protection and can profit
Ensured with water resources quantity safety supply.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of water-protection coal-mining method of phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
Step one, during the full thickness fully mechanized mining in coal seam, predicts impact subregion of the crack field to mining area phreatic table buried depth, predicts phreatic table and disappears
Lose the position of area and phreatic table buried depth variation zone；
Step 2, then the phreatic table fade zone foundation vegetation pattern selection water-retaining method to step one prediction；
Step 3, then impact △ h of the full thickness fully mechanized mining sedimentation in phreatic table buried depth variation zone coal seam of prediction to phreatic table buried depth1；
Step 4, then the phreatic table buried depth variation zone coal seam full thickness fully mechanized mining more impact △ h of the stream to phreatic table buried depth of prediction2；
Step 5, then predict impact △ h of the full thickness fully mechanized mining region phreatic aquifer hydrologic(al) budget in coal seam to phreatic table buried depth3；
Step 6, then survey impact total amount △ h, △ h=△ h of the full thickness fully mechanized mining region hydrologic(al) budget in coal seam to phreatic table buried depth1+△h2+
△h3；
Step 7, then phreatic table buried depth region of variation is carried out according to the phreatic table buried depth relation behind the suitable unboiled water position of vegetation and change
Classification, is specifically divided into suitable raw class, high water level class and low water level class；
Step 8, then the classification different to phreatic table buried depth region of variation take different water-protection coal-mining methods；
Step 9, coal often exploits 1 year, repeat step five to eight.
2. the water-protection coal-mining method of a kind of phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control according to claim 1, its feature
It is in the step one, when predicting crack field to the impact subregion of mining area phreatic table buried depth, first, to set up seam mining and split
Gap field development height forecast model Hd=f (M, a, c)；
In formula, Hd is crack field development height；M is seam mining thickness；A is coal seam overlying loose seam's thickness；C is coal seam overlying
Bedrock thickness；The unit of Hd, M, a, c is rice；
When then, carrying out the full thickness fully mechanized mining in coal seam using the drilling all to mining area of seam mining crack field development height forecast model
Crack field development height Hd is predicted；
Finally, judge whether crack field development height Hd is more than coal seam to phreatic aquifer apart from z, be diving if Hd >=z
Position fade zone, is otherwise phreatic table buried depth variation zone.
3. the water-protection coal-mining method of a kind of phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control according to claim 2, its feature
It is that the seam mining thickness M, coal seam overlying loose seam's thickness a and coal seam overlying bedrock thickness c are obtained by bore detecting
Take, seam mining crack field development height forecast model Hd=f (M, a, c) is by actual measurement and analogue data using multivariate statistics point
Analysis is obtained.
4. the water-protection coal-mining method of a kind of phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control according to claim 2, its feature
It is that in the step 3, the phreatic table buried depth variation zone coal seam full thickness fully mechanized mining of prediction settles the impact △ to phreatic table buried depth
h1=M × η, wherein, M is seam mining thickness, and η is maximum subsidence factor, and dimensionless takes 0.5～0.8.
5. the water-protection coal-mining method of a kind of phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control according to claim 4, its feature
It is that in the step 4, the more stream is from top to bottom divided into water table aquifer, aquiclude and underlying aquifer, prediction
The impact to phreatic table buried depth is more flowed in the full thickness fully mechanized mining of phreatic table buried depth variation zone coal seam
Wherein, R=rw+R0, rw=l/2 π,
In formula, △ h2Unit is m；Q1It is the inflow rate of mine water of underlying aquifer, unit is m3/d；Q0For exploited underlie it is aqueous
The inflow rate of mine water of layer, unit is m3/d；F0、S0Respectively produce the water yield correspondence coal mining area and water-bearing layer water level
Drawdown, unit is respectively m2And m；F1And S1It is respectively the corresponding inflow rate of mine water Q to be predicted1Coal mining area and contain
Water layer drawdown, unit is respectively m2And m；T1It is the coefficient of transmissibility of water table aquifer；T3It is the coefficient of transmissibility of underlying aquifer, T1
And T3Unit be m2/d；R is the exploitation citation impact radius of water table aquifer, and unit is m；L be coal-face girth, unit
For m；R0For the bailing test radius of influence of diving, unit is m；K0X () is zeroth order Equations of The Second Kind void argument Bessel function；B is for more
Stream factor, unit is m；K2It is the infiltration coefficient of aquiclude, unit is m/d；M2It is the thickness of aquiclude, unit is m；R is
Apart from pumped well distance, unit is m, and r takes the half that working face moves towards long.
6. the water-protection coal-mining method of a kind of phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control according to claim 5, its feature
It is that in the step 5, the hydrologic(al) budget region is phreatic table buried depth variation zone, the full thickness fully mechanized mining region phreatic aquifer in coal seam
Impact of the hydrologic(al) budget to phreatic table buried depthWherein, Δ W=W1+W2+W3-W4-W5-W6+ N, W1=α Fh, W2=v ×
X, W3=Y × F, W5=Egb× F,
In formula, △ h3Unit is m；μ is the specific yield of phreatic aquifer, and dimensionless takes 0.1～0.3；△ W are 1 year hydrologic(al) budget value,
Unit is m3；W1For 1 year infiltration recharge of balanced area's Atmospheric precipitation, unit is m3；α be this area's Atmospheric precipitation infiltrated water, nothing
Dimension, takes 0.1～0.3；F is hydrologic(al) budget area area, and unit is m2；H is 1 annual rainfall, and unit is m；W2Connect for hydrologic(al) budget region
By adjacent area underground water annual recharge, unit is m3；V is an annual flow length of diving, and unit is m；X is the cross-section of river, unit
For m2；W3For hydrologic(al) budget area condensate annual recharge, unit is m3；Y is the annual recharge intensity of unit area condensate one, and unit is
m3/m2；W4For 1 year runoff yield of hydrologic(al) budget local ground watering, m3；W5For hydrologic(al) budget local ground watering year evaporation capacity, unit is m3；
EgbFor 1 year evaporation head height of diving, unit is m；Wherein E0For 1 year evaporation from water surface head of earth's surface under this area's meteorological condition
Highly, unit is m；H is the present buried depth of phreatic table, and unit is m；H0For limit evaporation buried depth of diving under water, unit is m；B is to be
Number, dimensionless takes 1～3；W6For 1 year mining water yield of hydrologic(al) budget local ground watering, unit is m3；N is what other be can not ignore
Item is drained in supply, including mankind's activity or transpiration amount.
7. the water-protection coal-mining method of a kind of phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control according to claim 6, its feature
It is, it is described that phreatic table buried depth region of variation is buried according to the phreatic table behind the suitable unboiled water position of vegetation and change in the step 7
The detailed process that deep relation is classified is as follows：
First, phreatic table buried depth scope H of the suitable life of the vegetation is determined in the growth situation of different phreatic table buried depths according to vegetationS1
～HS2, HS1And HS2Unit be m；
Then by 3 that have phreatic table buried depth region of variation classification, raw class, high water level class and low water level class are respectively fitted, wherein
Suitable raw class is HS1≤H-△h≤HS2, high water level class is H- △ h ＜ HS1, low water level class is H- △ h ＞ HS2。
8. the water-protection coal-mining method of a kind of phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control according to claim 7, its feature
It is that in the step 8, different water-protection coal-mining methods are taken in the classification different to phreatic table buried depth region of variation
Process is specific as follows：
Coal full thickness fully mechanized mining is directly carried out to suitable raw class；
Pumped well or drainage underground well on well is arranged to high water level class, and the diving of low water level class is noted by aqueduct
Water Spreading.
9. the water-protection coal-mining method of a kind of phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control according to claim 8, its feature
It is, it is described that pumped well or drainage underground well on well, and the diving by aqueduct to low water level class are set to high water level class
When carrying out water filling recharge, if △ is h3>=0, then by aqueduct when high water level is similar, by a part of water resource in step 2
The subsidence area that coal full thickness fully mechanized mining in phreatic table fade zone is formed carries out supply irrigation, and the part increment of 1 year should be not more than △
W；If △ is h3＜ 0, then by the water part conveying of the down-hole gully-hole group of the full thickness fully mechanized mining of phreatic table fade zone coal in step 2
Water filling recharge is carried out to low water level class underground latent water；Above after the water regulation between each area, high water level class region should be kept to dive
Depth to water is not more than HS2, low water level class region phreatic table buried depth is not less than HS1。
10. the water-protection coal-mining method of a kind of phreatic aquifer water level and flow Collaborative Control according to claim 1, its feature
It is that in the step 2, the phreatic table fade zone of described pair of prediction selects water-retaining method to include following step according to vegetation pattern
Suddenly：
First, according to the phreatic table fade zone surface vegetation type predicted to phreatic table disappearance region class, it is divided into by condensate, greatly
Gas precipitation and man-made irrigation substantially can normal growth vegetation and other vegetation；
Again the phreatic table fade zone to predicting carries out water conservation, specific as follows：
To by condensate and Atmospheric precipitation can the water-retaining method that adopts of vegetation area of normal growth be：Open in underground coal mine coal
Before adopting, when the lane of coal-face two is formed, with phreatic aquifer as destination layer under mine, implement gully-hole group, gully-hole group
To the unrestrained of the coal-face top diving so that original decline of the phreatic table more than 2/3rds, complete thick comprehensive in the Regional Coal
After adopting, the clean mine water that gully-hole group collects is irrigated the mining collapse area top vegetation of phreatic table fade zone；
Other vegetation areas are exploited using limit for height or special exploitation method working seam is entirely thick, the region phreatic table buried depth is buried
Change before and after coal mining is less than 5%.
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