CN106639992B - Fracturing method of FracJun composite perforating device special for fracturing - Google Patents
Fracturing method of FracJun composite perforating device special for fracturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN106639992B CN106639992B CN201710141556.6A CN201710141556A CN106639992B CN 106639992 B CN106639992 B CN 106639992B CN 201710141556 A CN201710141556 A CN 201710141556A CN 106639992 B CN106639992 B CN 106639992B
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- fracturing
- perforating
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- sand
- joint
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
- E21B43/117—Shaped-charge perforators
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/114—Perforators using direct fluid action on the wall to be perforated, e.g. abrasive jets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a fracturing method of a FracJun composite perforating device special for fracturing. The FracJun composite perforating device comprises a perforating gun, and the perforating gun is improved in that at least 2 perforating charges (7) are arranged on each phase of a charge carrier tube (3); and blind holes (9) which correspond to the perforating bullets (7) one by one are arranged in each phase of the gun body (1). The invention not only reduces the cost of high-pressure operation during fracturing, but also ensures the safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil-gas exploration and development, and particularly relates to a fracturing method of a FracJun composite perforating device special for fracturing.
Background
As the development of oil and gas fields enters the later stage, the requirements of oil field productivity development cannot be met by adopting perforation completion, fracturing completion becomes a main mode of oil field development more and more, and perforation gradually becomes pretreatment of fracturing completion.
However, due to the fact that the bullet rack holes in the traditional perforator are distributed in a rotating mode, the distance between the two holes in the same phase is large, and cracks can be generated only when the pressure during fracturing exceeds the fracturing pressure of the bottom layer, and as a result, the pressure of a wellhead is very high, the cost of high-pressure operation is high on one hand, and the potential safety hazard during construction is large on the other hand. Meanwhile, the explosive gas of gunpowder enables cracks generated by the rock to have a closing tendency under the action of the pressure of the ground layer, and the construction of subsequent fracturing is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of higher high-pressure operation cost and larger potential safety hazard in the fracturing process in the prior perforating technology in the background technology, the invention provides a fracturing method of a FracNun composite perforating device special for fracturing.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
firstly, the special fracturing perforating gun provided by the invention comprises a gun body, a positioning ring, a cartridge holder pipe, a gun tail, a detonating cord, fracturing powder, a perforating charge and a gun head; the improvement is as follows: at least 2 perforating charges are arranged on each phase of the charge carrier pipe; and blind holes corresponding to the perforating bullets one by one are formed in each phase of the gun body.
Wherein at least 2 perforating charges in each phase can be arranged side by side along the axial direction of the carrier tube or can be arranged side by side along the radial direction of the carrier tube, and the arrangement along the axial direction of the carrier tube is usually adopted.
Preferably, the blind hole is a stepped blind hole.
Preferably, the fracturing gunpowder of the special fracturing perforating gun is arranged in a manner of charging between perforating bullets or multi-stage charging in the perforating gun; the positioning ring adopts a TCP and pumping perforation separated structure or a TCP and pumping perforation interchange structure.
According to the special fracturing perforating gun, the invention also provides a special FracBunn composite perforating device for fracturing, which comprises a detonator, an upper connector, an upper fracturing explosive column, an upper conversion connector, a perforating gun, a lower conversion connector, a lower fracturing explosive column and a lower connector which are sequentially connected in series;
the perforating gun comprises a gun body, a positioning ring, a bullet frame tube, a gun tail, a detonating cord, fracturing powder, a perforating bullet and a gun head;
the detonator is provided with three sections; wherein the two sections are respectively positioned in the upper conversion joint and the lower conversion joint and are connected through an explosion wire; the other section is arranged in the lower joint;
the improvement is as follows: at least 2 perforating charges are arranged on each phase of the charge carrier pipe; and blind holes corresponding to the perforating bullets one by one are formed in each phase of the gun body.
In order to enable the stratum fractures to exist all the time, fracturing sand needs to be filled in the stratum, so that the perforating device further comprises a fracturing sand assembly connected with the lower connector; the fracturing sand assembly comprises a sand cylinder, fracturing sand and a releasing gun tail; one end of the sand cylinder is connected with the lower fracturing powder column, and the other end of the sand cylinder is connected with the tail of the releasing gun; the fracturing sand is filled in the sand cylinder.
Wherein at least 2 of the charges in each phase are arranged side by side either axially or radially of the carrier tube, typically in the axial direction of the carrier tube.
Preferably, the blind hole is a stepped blind hole.
Preferably, the fracturing powder of the special fracturing perforating gun is arranged in a mode of charging between perforating bullets or multi-stage charging in the perforating gun; the positioning ring adopts a TCP and pumping perforation separated structure or a TCP and pumping perforation interchange structure.
Based on the structural scofflaw of the FracCun composite perforating device special for fracturing, the fracturing method of the device is briefly described, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
1) Putting the FracJun composite perforating device special for fracturing into a casing pipe under the well;
2) When a perforating gun operates, firstly, a detonator on a lower joint is excited, the detonator shears a shear pin on the tail of a releasing gun, the tail of the releasing gun falls off, fracturing sand is discharged from a sand cylinder, and the fracturing sand is suspended in an annular space between a pipe string and a sleeve after being discharged;
3) Adjusting the position of a FracKun composite perforating device special for fracturing to enable a perforating gun and annular fracturing sand to be positioned in a perforating layer section;
4) Detonating a perforating gun, an upper fracturing charge column and a lower fracturing charge column, wherein a plurality of continuous perforation tunnels are respectively formed by a plurality of perforating charges on a single phase of the perforating gun, and a crack is respectively formed on each phase; because the upper fracturing explosive column and the lower fracturing explosive column are also excited when the perforating gun perforates, high-pressure gas is formed in the FracJun composite perforating device special for fracturing and the annular space of the sleeve, the high-pressure gas forms sealing pressure on the interval of the perforating gun in a short time, and fracturing sand suspended in the annular space enters a stratum crack under the action of the high-pressure gas to block the closing of the crack.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the perforating gun and the perforating device adopt a single-phase multi-perforating charge arrangement mode, a plurality of continuous perforating tunnels formed by a plurality of perforating charges respectively form cracks on each phase under the condition that stress concentration is formed on a stratum and high-temperature high-pressure gas generated by deflagration of a composite propellant in the perforating gun is fractured, and the fracture pressure of a bottom layer is greatly reduced by fracturing the cracks, so that the cost and the safety of high-pressure operation during fracturing are also ensured.
2. The invention adopts the perforating device to increase the fracturing sand assembly, so that formation cracks generated by a plurality of perforating bullets always exist, and the smooth outflow of underground oil is ensured.
3. Because the first section of the pumping perforation is a TCP process, the existing TCP positioning ring is replaced by a plug or a TCP positioning ring, the cost is high, the management difficulty is high, the positioning ring adopts a structure that the TCP and the pumping perforation are separated or a structure that the TCP and the pumping perforation are interchanged, and the problems are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a special fracturing perforating gun;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a frac-specific FracGun composite perforation device.
The reference numbers are as follows:
1-gun body, 2-positioning ring, 3-gun frame tube, 4-gun tail, 5-detonating cord, 6-fracturing powder, 7-perforating bullet, 8-gun head, 9-blind hole, 10-detonator, 11-upper joint, 12-upper fracturing powder column 13-upper conversion joint, 14-perforating gun, 15-lower conversion joint, 16-lower fracturing powder column, 17-lower joint, 18-fracturing sand assembly, 19-sand cylinder, 20-fracturing sand and 21-releasing gun tail.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a special fracturing perforating gun, which comprises a gun body 1, a positioning ring 2, a cartridge carrier tube 3, a gun tail 4, a detonating cord 5, fracturing powder 6, a perforating bullet 7 and a gun head 8;
the perforating gun is improved in that:
at least 2 perforating charges 7 are arranged on each phase of the charge frame pipe 3; and blind holes corresponding to the perforating bullets 7 one by one are formed in each phase of the gun body 1.
At least 2 perforating charges on each phase are arranged side by side along the axial direction of the charge carrier pipe or arranged side by side along the radial direction of the charge carrier pipe, and when the underground operation is carried out, a stratum with the length of 1m in the same direction is required, the number of the channels of the perforating charges is not more than 16, and if the number is more than the number, the perforating gun deforms after perforation.
Due to the limited underground space, the perforating gun not only ensures the occurrence of perforating cracks in the stratum, but also considers the practical production feasibility, the number of perforating bullets 7 of the perforating gun is 2-4, and the number of blind holes (or step blind holes) corresponding to the perforating bullets is 2-4.
The fracturing gunpowder is arranged in a manner of charging between perforating bullets or multi-stage charging in the perforating gun, and can be charged according to different requirements of operation.
Because the first section of the pumping perforation is a TCP process, the existing TCP positioning ring is replaced by a plug or a TCP positioning ring instead of a TCP positioning ring, the cost is high, the management difficulty is high, and the positioning ring 2 adopts a structure that the TCP and the pumping perforation are separated or a structure that the TCP and the pumping perforation are interchanged.
According to the special fracturing perforating gun, the invention also provides a special fracturing FracKun composite perforating device, as shown in fig. 2, the perforating device comprises a detonator 10, an upper joint 11, an upper fracturing explosive column 12, an upper conversion joint 13, a perforating gun 14, a lower conversion joint 15, a lower fracturing explosive column 16 and a lower joint 17 which are sequentially connected in series in the direction from top to bottom of an oil well;
the gun comprises a gun body 1, a positioning ring 2, a bullet frame tube 3, a gun tail 4, a detonating cord 5, fracturing gunpowder 6, a perforating bullet 7 and a gun head 8;
the detonator 10 has three sections; two sections of the explosive are respectively positioned in the upper conversion joint 13 and the lower conversion joint 15 and are connected through the detonating cord 5; the other section is arranged in the lower joint 17;
at least 2 perforating charges 7 are arranged on each phase of the charge frame pipe 3; and blind holes corresponding to the perforating bullets 7 one by one are formed in each phase of the gun body 1.
In order to keep the formation fractures present, it is necessary to fill the formation with fracturing sand, so the perforating device also includes a fracturing sand assembly 18 connected to the lower joint; the fracturing sand assembly 18 comprises a sand cylinder 19, fracturing sand 20 and a releasing gun tail 21; one end of the sand cylinder 19 is connected with the lower fracturing powder column 16, and the other end is connected with the tail 21 of the releasing gun; the fracturing sand 20 is filled in the sand cylinder 19.
In light of the above description of the structure of the perforating device, a brief description of its method of operation will now be provided:
step 1), putting a FracJun composite perforating device special for fracturing into a casing pipe under a well;
step 2) when the perforating gun operates, firstly, a detonator on a lower connector is excited, the detonator shears a shear pin on the tail of a releasing gun, the tail of the releasing gun falls off, fracturing sand is discharged from a sand cylinder, and the fracturing sand is suspended in an annular space between a pipe string and a sleeve after being discharged due to the matching design of the fracturing sand and a well killing fluid;
step 3) adjusting the position of a FracJun composite perforating device special for fracturing to enable a perforating gun and annulus fracturing sand to be positioned in a perforating layer section;
step 4), detonating the perforating gun, the upper fracturing explosive column and the lower fracturing explosive column, wherein a plurality of continuous perforation tunnels formed by a plurality of perforating bullets on a single phase of the perforating gun respectively form a crack on each phase; because the upper fracturing explosive column and the lower fracturing explosive column are also excited when the perforating gun perforates, the pressure peak value and the effective pressure duration time of the upper fracturing explosive column and the lower fracturing explosive column are both higher than the pressure peak value and the effective pressure action time formed by gunpowder in the perforating gun, when the fracturing perforating gun forms cracks, high-pressure gas forms pressure sealing on the intervals of the perforating gun in a short time, fracturing sand suspended in an annular space enters stratum cracks under the action of the high-pressure gas, and the closing of the cracks is hindered.
When hydraulic fracturing is subsequently carried out, the fracturing pump pressure is obviously reduced due to the cracks formed by the special perforating gun for fracturing, and as a result, the fracturing cost is reduced, meanwhile, the danger degree in the hydraulic fracturing operation process is reduced, and the fracturing effect is obviously improved.
Claims (4)
1. A fracturing method of a FracGon composite perforating device special for fracturing comprises a detonator (10), an upper joint (11), an upper fracturing explosive column (12), an upper conversion joint (13), a perforating gun (14), a lower conversion joint (15), a lower fracturing explosive column (16), a lower joint (17) and a fracturing sand assembly (18) connected with the lower joint (17), wherein the upper joint, the upper fracturing explosive column (12), the upper conversion joint (13), the perforating gun (14), the lower conversion joint (15), the lower fracturing explosive column (16) and the lower conversion joint (17) are sequentially connected in series; the perforating gun (14) comprises a gun body (1), a positioning ring (2), a cartridge carrier tube (3), a gun tail (4), a detonating cord (5), fracturing powder (6), a perforating charge (7) and a gun head (8); the detonator (10) has three sections; wherein the two sections are respectively positioned in the upper conversion joint (13) and the lower conversion joint (15) and are connected through the detonating cord (5); the other section is arranged in the lower joint (17); at least 2 perforating charges (7) are arranged on each phase of the charge frame pipe (3); blind holes (9) which correspond to the perforating bullets (7) one by one are formed in each phase of the gun body (1); the fracturing sand assembly (18) comprises a sand cylinder (19), fracturing sand (20) and a releasing gun tail (21); one end of the sand cylinder (19) is connected with the lower fracturing grain (16), and the other end is connected with the tail (21) of the releasing gun; the fracturing sand (20) is filled in the sand cylinder (19);
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Putting the FracJun composite perforating device special for fracturing into a casing pipe under the well;
2) When the perforating gun operates, firstly, a detonator on a lower joint is excited, the detonator shears a shear pin on the tail of a releasing gun, the tail of the releasing gun falls off, fracturing sand is discharged from a sand cylinder, and the fracturing sand is suspended in an annular space between a pipe string and a sleeve after being discharged;
3) Adjusting the position of a FracKun composite perforating device special for fracturing to enable a perforating gun and annular fracturing sand to be positioned in a perforating layer section;
4) Detonating the perforating gun, wherein a plurality of perforating bullets on a single phase of the perforating gun form a plurality of perforating tunnels, so that cracks are formed; and simultaneously exciting the upper fracturing explosive column and the lower fracturing explosive column, forming high-pressure gas in the FracJun composite perforating device special for the whole fracturing and the annular space of the casing, sealing the perforating gun layer section by the high-pressure gas in a short time, and enabling fracturing sand suspended in the annular space to enter the formation cracks under the action of the high-pressure gas to block the cracks from closing.
2. The fracturing method of the frac specific FracGun composite perforation device of claim 1, wherein: at least 2 charges on each phase are arranged side by side in the axial direction of the carrier tube or in the radial direction of the carrier tube.
3. The fracturing method of the frac-specific FracGun composite perforation device according to claim 2, wherein: the blind hole is a step blind hole.
4. The fracturing method of the frac specific FracGun composite perforation device of claim 3, wherein: the fracturing gunpowder (6) of the special fracturing perforating gun is arranged in a mode of charging between perforating bullets (7) or multi-stage charging in the perforating gun; the positioning ring (2) adopts a TCP and pumping perforation separated structure or a TCP and pumping perforation interchange structure.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710141556.6A CN106639992B (en) | 2017-03-10 | 2017-03-10 | Fracturing method of FracJun composite perforating device special for fracturing |
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| CN201710141556.6A CN106639992B (en) | 2017-03-10 | 2017-03-10 | Fracturing method of FracJun composite perforating device special for fracturing |
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| CN106639992B true CN106639992B (en) | 2022-11-04 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110318723B (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-04-13 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Intelligent bottom fracturing tool |
| CN112780204A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Releasing device and releasing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2325510Y (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 1999-06-23 | 卫小平 | Three phase flow and composite perforating and fracturing equipment |
| US6732798B2 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2004-05-11 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Controlling transient underbalance in a wellbore |
| CN2818773Y (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2006-09-20 | 西安聚和石油技术开发有限公司 | Multi-stage firing composite perforation and cracker |
| CN1916357B (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2010-06-16 | 中国兵器工业第二一三研究所 | Multistage pulses enhanced perforation equpment in use for oil and gas well |
| CN201045293Y (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-04-09 | 中国兵器工业第二一三研究所 | High dense holes multilevel pulse sand carrying compound perforation device |
| WO2009076635A2 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Device and method to reduce breakdown/fracture initiation pressure |
| CN201568038U (en) * | 2009-11-11 | 2010-09-01 | 西安通源石油科技股份有限公司 | Composite fracturing and perforating device for oil and gas well |
| CN102052068B (en) * | 2009-11-11 | 2013-04-24 | 西安通源石油科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for composite fracturing/perforating for oil/gas well |
| CN201620848U (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-11-03 | 中国兵器工业第二一三研究所 | Vertical well orientation multi-pulse increase-benefit perforating device |
| CN101737026B (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2013-05-22 | 西安新产能石油科技有限公司 | Controllable pulse gas energy pressure cracking device |
| US9297242B2 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2016-03-29 | Tong Oil Tools Co., Ltd. | Structure for gunpowder charge in multi-frac composite perforating device |
| CN202788779U (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2013-03-13 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | High-hole-density perforation sand-controlling device |
| CN204299554U (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-29 | 北方斯伦贝谢油田技术（西安）有限公司 | A kind of Oil/gas Well multiphase flow perforating and fracturing sanding device |
| CN206246099U (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-06-13 | 西安通源石油科技股份有限公司 | The special FracGun composite perforators of the special perforating gun of pressure break, pressure break |
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