CN106638142A - Paper surface reinforcing agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Paper surface reinforcing agent and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106638142A
CN106638142A CN201611127085.5A CN201611127085A CN106638142A CN 106638142 A CN106638142 A CN 106638142A CN 201611127085 A CN201611127085 A CN 201611127085A CN 106638142 A CN106638142 A CN 106638142A
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China
Prior art keywords
parts
minutes
reinforcing agent
paper surface
surface reinforcing
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Pending
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CN201611127085.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李子寅
洛芸鹤
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Suzhou Aibomaier New Material Co Ltd
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Suzhou Aibomaier New Material Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201611127085.5A priority Critical patent/CN106638142A/en
Publication of CN106638142A publication Critical patent/CN106638142A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/18Reinforcing agents
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/10Coatings without pigments
    • D21H19/12Coatings without pigments applied as a solution using water as the only solvent, e.g. in the presence of acid or alkaline compounds

Abstract

The invention provides a paper surface reinforcing agent and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) cleaning dried kelp, soaking the cleaned kelp in clean water, filtering the soaked kelp, adding distilled water to the filtered kelp, performing crushing by a high-speed tissue pounding machine, and performing filtering to remove filter residues so as to obtain a filtrate; (2) heating the obtained filtrate to 50-60 DEG C, adding tapioca, cationic starch, linseed gum, sorbitol anhydride monolaurate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and performing stirring; (3) dropwise adding mixed liquid of tetraethylorthosilicate and anhydrous ethanol, and after dropwise adding is completed, adding glycerin for stirring; (4) adding nitric acid, performing stirring for 50-70 minutes, adding gamma-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane and continuing to performing stirring; and (5) transferring the stirred filtrate into a pulping machine, performing pulping, performing filtrating so as to remove the filter residues, and performing cooling to the room temperature so as to obtain the paper surface reinforcing agent. According to the paper surface reinforcing agent disclosed by the invention, the strength capability of a paper can be effectively improved, the tearing index, the folding resistance degree, the breaking elongation and the stretching resistance of the paper can be effectively improved, and the strengthening effect is obvious.

Description

A kind of paper surface reinforcing agent and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to paper making additive field, and in particular to a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Modern paper industry is closely bound up with papermaking chemical product industry, either in slurrying, drift in paper making process In vain,
Beating, deinking or page are manufactured paper with pulp, and the whole paper making process processed into after paper be unable to do without papermaking chemical product Application.Flourishing for paper industry can provide broader development space, papermaking chemical product to papermaking chemical product industry The development of industry can provide indispensable material conditions for paper industry again.Therefore, papermaking chemical product and paper industry two Person's relation is inseparable, mutually promotes between the two, joint development.Under the background of global warming, the environmental protection meaning of people Know and improve constantly, environmental protection and green have become focus of concern.The development that paper industry is continual and steady is enable, just The road of green technology for making paper, low-carbon economy must be walked.Simultaneously pulping and paper making chemistry product are played to pass to paper quality and production cost Important effect, in paper making process, different papermaking chemical products has different functions:Such as can be effectively using reinforcing agent The intensity of paper is improved, improves the quality of intermediate products in paper making process and paper final products.Therefore, research is opened Sending out paper strengthening agent efficient becomes the task of top priority, will also promote the progress of whole paper industry.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved:It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, can effectively improve paper The strength character opened, tear index, folding strength, elongation at break and tension stress are all significantly improved, and enhancing effect is obvious.
Technical scheme:A kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, is prepared from by following component with weight portion:Dry sea-tangle 2-3 parts, wood Potato powder 1-2 parts, cationic starch 1-2 parts, flaxseed gum 1-2 parts, γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane 2-4 parts, Sorbitanmonolaureate 1-2 parts, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 1-3 parts, glycerine 1-2 parts, tetraethyl orthosilicate 2-5 parts, nitre Sour 1-2 parts, absolute ethyl alcohol 10-20 parts, distilled water 200-300 parts.
It is further preferred that a kind of described paper surface reinforcing agent, is prepared from by following component with weight portion:Dry sea Band 2.2-2.8 parts, tapioca starch 1.3-1.7 parts, cationic starch 1.3-1.8 parts, flaxseed gum 1.1-1.7 parts, γ-glycidol Ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane 2.5-3.5 parts, sorbitanmonolaureate 1.3-1.8 parts, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 1.5-2.5 parts, glycerine 1.2-1.9 parts, tetraethyl orthosilicate 3-4 parts, nitric acid 1.2-1.8 parts, absolute ethyl alcohol 12-18 parts, distillation Water 220-290 parts.
The preparation method of above-mentioned paper surface reinforcing agent is comprised the following steps:
(1)Soak 30-40 minutes in clear water after dry sea-tangle is cleaned, filter, add distilled water, use high-speed tissue mashing machine's powder Broken 5-10 minutes, filter and remove filter residue;
(2)Filtrate is heated into 50-60 DEG C, tapioca starch, cationic starch, flaxseed gum, sorbitanmonolaureate is added And hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, stir 30-50 minutes under rotating speed 150-200r/min;
(3)The mixed liquor of tetraethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol is added dropwise, adds glycerine to stir at temperature 55-60 DEG C after completion of dropwise addition Mix 30-40 minutes;
(4)Nitric acid is added, 50-70 minutes are stirred, adds γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane to continue to stir 30- 40 minutes;
(5)It is transferred in beater after being beaten 5-10 minutes and filters, remove filter residue, is cooled to room temperature and obtains final product.
Further, the preparation method of described a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, described step(1)Middle soak time is 35 minutes, grinding time was 6-9 minutes.
Further, the preparation method of described a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, described step(2)In be heated to 55 DEG C, rotating speed is 160-190r/min, and mixing time is 35-45 minutes.
Further, the preparation method of described a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, described step(3)Middle temperature is 56- 59 DEG C, mixing time is 35 minutes.
Further, the preparation method of described a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, described step(4)Middle first time stirring Time is 55-65 minutes, and second mixing time is 35 minutes.
Further, the preparation method of described a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, described step(5)Middle beating time is 6-9 minutes.
Beneficial effect:Paper its pi of strength after reinforcing agent of the present invention is coated with is significantly improved, un-added sky The tear index of sample paper, folding strength, elongation at break and tension stress in vain is only respectively 6.8mNm2/ g, 37 times, 3.37% And 51.2N, and add tear index, folding strength, elongation at break and the tension stress highest difference of the paper of reinforcing agent of the present invention Up to 11.1mNm2/ g, 62 times, 3.97% and 59.7Nm/g, enhancing effect is obvious.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, is prepared from by following component with weight portion:2 parts of dry sea-tangle, 1 part of tapioca starch, cation 1 part of starch, 1 part of flaxseed gum, 2 parts of γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane, 1 part of sorbitanmonolaureate, 1 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 1 part of glycerine, 2 parts of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1 part of nitric acid, 10 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 200 parts of distilled water.
The preparation method of above-mentioned paper surface reinforcing agent is:(1)Soak 30 minutes in clear water after dry sea-tangle is cleaned, mistake Filter, adds distilled water, is crushed 5 minutes with high-speed tissue mashing machine, filters and removes filter residue;(2)Filtrate is heated into 50 DEG C, is added Tapioca starch, cationic starch, flaxseed gum, sorbitanmonolaureate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, in rotating speed 150r/ Stir 30 minutes under min;(3)The mixed liquor of tetraethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol is added dropwise, glycerine is added after completion of dropwise addition in temperature Stir 30 minutes at 55 DEG C of degree;(4)Nitric acid is added, is stirred 50 minutes, add γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane Continue to stir 30 minutes;(5)It is transferred to after being beaten 5 minutes in beater and filters, remove filter residue, is cooled to room temperature and obtains final product.
Embodiment 2
A kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, is prepared from by following component with weight portion:2.2 parts of dry sea-tangle, 1.3 parts of tapioca starch, sun 1.3 parts of ionic starch, 1.1 parts of flaxseed gum, 2.5 parts of γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane, sorbitol anhydride Dan Yue 1.3 parts of cinnamic acid ester, 1.5 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 1.2 parts of glycerine, 3 parts of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1.2 parts of nitric acid, anhydrous second 12 parts of alcohol, 220 parts of distilled water.
The preparation method of above-mentioned paper surface reinforcing agent is:(1)Soak 35 minutes in clear water after dry sea-tangle is cleaned, mistake Filter, adds distilled water, is crushed 6 minutes with high-speed tissue mashing machine, filters and removes filter residue;(2)Filtrate is heated into 55 DEG C, is added Tapioca starch, cationic starch, flaxseed gum, sorbitanmonolaureate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, in rotating speed 160r/ Stir 35 minutes under min;(3)The mixed liquor of tetraethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol is added dropwise, glycerine is added after completion of dropwise addition in temperature Stir 35 minutes at 56 DEG C of degree;(4)Nitric acid is added, is stirred 55 minutes, add γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane Continue to stir 35 minutes;(5)It is transferred to after being beaten 6 minutes in beater and filters, remove filter residue, is cooled to room temperature and obtains final product.
Embodiment 3
A kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, is prepared from by following component with weight portion:2.5 parts of dry sea-tangle, 1.5 parts of tapioca starch, sun 1.5 parts of ionic starch, 1.5 parts of flaxseed gum, 3 parts of γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane, sorbitol anhydride list bay 1.5 parts of acid esters, 2 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 1.5 parts of glycerine, 3.5 parts of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1.5 parts of nitric acid, absolute ethyl alcohol 15 parts, 250 parts of distilled water.
The preparation method of above-mentioned paper surface reinforcing agent is:(1)Soak 35 minutes in clear water after dry sea-tangle is cleaned, mistake Filter, adds distilled water, is crushed 7 minutes with high-speed tissue mashing machine, filters and removes filter residue;(2)Filtrate is heated into 55 DEG C, is added Tapioca starch, cationic starch, flaxseed gum, sorbitanmonolaureate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, in rotating speed 175r/ Stir 40 minutes under min;(3)The mixed liquor of tetraethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol is added dropwise, glycerine is added after completion of dropwise addition in temperature Stir 35 minutes at 57 DEG C of degree;(4)Nitric acid is added, is stirred 60 minutes, add γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane Continue to stir 35 minutes;(5)It is transferred to after being beaten 7 minutes in beater and filters, remove filter residue, is cooled to room temperature and obtains final product.
Embodiment 4
A kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, is prepared from by following component with weight portion:2.8 parts of dry sea-tangle, 1.7 parts of tapioca starch, sun 1.8 parts of ionic starch, 1.7 parts of flaxseed gum, 3.5 parts of γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane, sorbitol anhydride Dan Yue 1.8 parts of cinnamic acid ester, 2.5 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 1.9 parts of glycerine, 4 parts of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1.8 parts of nitric acid, anhydrous second 18 parts of alcohol, 290 parts of distilled water.
The preparation method of above-mentioned paper surface reinforcing agent is:(1)Soak 35 minutes in clear water after dry sea-tangle is cleaned, mistake Filter, adds distilled water, is crushed 9 minutes with high-speed tissue mashing machine, filters and removes filter residue;(2)Filtrate is heated into 55 DEG C, is added Tapioca starch, cationic starch, flaxseed gum, sorbitanmonolaureate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, in rotating speed 190r/ Stir 45 minutes under min;(3)The mixed liquor of tetraethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol is added dropwise, glycerine is added after completion of dropwise addition in temperature Stir 35 minutes at 59 DEG C of degree;(4)Nitric acid is added, is stirred 65 minutes, add γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane Continue to stir 35 minutes;(5)It is transferred to after being beaten 9 minutes in beater and filters, remove filter residue, is cooled to room temperature and obtains final product.
Embodiment 5
A kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, is prepared from by following component with weight portion:3 parts of dry sea-tangle, 2 parts of tapioca starch, cation 2 parts of starch, 2 parts of flaxseed gum, 4 parts of γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane, 2 parts of sorbitanmonolaureate, 3 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 2 parts of glycerine, 5 parts of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 2 parts of nitric acid, 20 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 300 parts of distilled water.
The preparation method of above-mentioned paper surface reinforcing agent is:(1)Soak 40 minutes in clear water after dry sea-tangle is cleaned, mistake Filter, adds distilled water, is crushed 10 minutes with high-speed tissue mashing machine, filters and removes filter residue;(2)Filtrate is heated into 60 DEG C, plus Enter tapioca starch, cationic starch, flaxseed gum, sorbitanmonolaureate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, in rotating speed 200r/ Stir 50 minutes under min;(3)The mixed liquor of tetraethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol is added dropwise, glycerine is added after completion of dropwise addition in temperature Stir 40 minutes at 60 DEG C of degree;(4)Nitric acid is added, is stirred 70 minutes, add γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane Continue to stir 40 minutes;(5)It is transferred to after being beaten 10 minutes in beater and filters, remove filter residue, is cooled to room temperature and obtains final product.
Comparative example 1
The present embodiment is not contain dry sea-tangle with the difference of embodiment 2.Specifically:
A kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, is prepared from by following component with weight portion:1.3 parts of tapioca starch, cationic starch 1.3 Part, 1.1 parts of flaxseed gum, 2.5 parts of γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane, sorbitanmonolaureate 1.3 Part, 1.5 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 1.2 parts of glycerine, 3 parts of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1.2 parts of nitric acid, 12 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, steaming 220 parts of distilled water.
The preparation method of above-mentioned paper surface reinforcing agent is:(1)By tapioca starch, cationic starch, flaxseed gum, sorbierite Acid anhydride monolaurate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and distilled water mixing, are heated to 55 DEG C, and under rotating speed 160r/min 35 are stirred Minute;(3)The mixed liquor of tetraethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol is added dropwise, adds glycerine to stir at 56 DEG C of temperature after completion of dropwise addition 35 minutes;(4)Nitric acid is added, is stirred 55 minutes, add γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane to continue to stir 35 points Clock;(5)It is transferred to after being beaten 6 minutes in beater and filters, remove filter residue, is cooled to room temperature and obtains final product.
Comparative example 2
The present embodiment is not contain tapioca starch and flaxseed gum with the difference of embodiment 2.Specifically:
A kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, is prepared from by following component with weight portion:2.2 parts of dry sea-tangle, cationic starch 1.3 Part, 2.5 parts of γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane, 1.3 parts of sorbitanmonolaureate, hydroxypropyl methyl are fine 1.5 parts of dimension element, 1.2 parts of glycerine, 3 parts of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1.2 parts of nitric acid, 12 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 220 parts of distilled water.
The preparation method of above-mentioned paper surface reinforcing agent is:(1)Soak 35 minutes in clear water after dry sea-tangle is cleaned, mistake Filter, adds distilled water, is crushed 6 minutes with high-speed tissue mashing machine, filters and removes filter residue;(2)Filtrate is heated into 55 DEG C, is added Cationic starch, sorbitanmonolaureate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, stir 35 minutes under rotating speed 160r/min; (3)The mixed liquor of tetraethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol is added dropwise, adds glycerine to stir 35 points at 56 DEG C of temperature after completion of dropwise addition Clock;(4)Nitric acid is added, is stirred 55 minutes, add γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane to continue to stir 35 minutes; (5)It is transferred to after being beaten 6 minutes in beater and filters, remove filter residue, is cooled to room temperature and obtains final product.
Paper edge is fixed, is equably coated reinforcing agent on paper with spreading rod, be placed in air dry oven in temperature It is dried at 70 DEG C, coating weight is 10g/m2, its partial properties index is determined, 1 is as a result see the table below, it will be seen that paper exists Its pi of strength is significantly improved after coating reinforcing agent of the present invention, the tear index of un-added blank sample paper, resistance to Folding degree, elongation at break and tension stress are only respectively 6.8mNm2/ g, 37 times, 3.37% and 51.2N, and adding the present invention strengthens The tear index of the paper of agent, folding strength, elongation at break and tension stress highest are respectively up to 11.1mNm2/ g, 62 times, 3.97% and 59.7Nm/g, enhancing effect is obvious.Dry sea-tangle is not contained in comparative example 1, do not contain in comparative example 2 tapioca starch and Flaxseed gum, its every pi of strength also significantly decreases, and illustrates that this 3 compositions have weight for raising paper strength The effect wanted.
The partial properties index of paper after the coating paper surface reinforcing agent of table 1
Name of product Tear index(mN·m2/g) Folding strength(It is secondary) Elongation at break(%) Tension stress(N)
Embodiment 1 10.1 53 3.83 59.2
Embodiment 2 10.4 55 3.88 59.4
Embodiment 3 10.7 59 3.92 59.6
Embodiment 4 11.1 62 3.97 59.7
Embodiment 5 11.0 60 3.95 59.6
Comparative example 1 8.3 46 3.51 54.3
Comparative example 2 8.6 45 3.48 55.8
It is blank 6.8 37 3.37 51.2

Claims (8)

1. a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent, it is characterised in that:It is prepared from weight portion by following component:Dry sea-tangle 2-3 parts, wood Potato powder 1-2 parts, cationic starch 1-2 parts, flaxseed gum 1-2 parts, γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane 2-4 parts, Sorbitanmonolaureate 1-2 parts, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 1-3 parts, glycerine 1-2 parts, tetraethyl orthosilicate 2-5 parts, nitre Sour 1-2 parts, absolute ethyl alcohol 10-20 parts, distilled water 200-300 parts.
2. a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:By following component with weight portion preparation Form:Dry sea-tangle 2.2-2.8 parts, tapioca starch 1.3-1.7 parts, cationic starch 1.3-1.8 parts, flaxseed gum 1.1-1.7 parts, γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane 2.5-3.5 parts, sorbitanmonolaureate 1.3-1.8 parts, hydroxypropyl first Base cellulose 1.5-2.5 parts, glycerine 1.2-1.9 parts, tetraethyl orthosilicate 3-4 parts, nitric acid 1.2-1.8 parts, absolute ethyl alcohol 12-18 Part, distilled water 220-290 parts.
3. the preparation method of a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent described in any one of claim 1 to 2, it is characterised in that:Including with Lower step:
(1)Soak 30-40 minutes in clear water after dry sea-tangle is cleaned, filter, add distilled water, use high-speed tissue mashing machine's powder Broken 5-10 minutes, filter and remove filter residue;
(2)Filtrate is heated into 50-60 DEG C, tapioca starch, cationic starch, flaxseed gum, sorbitanmonolaureate is added And hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, stir 30-50 minutes under rotating speed 150-200r/min;
(3)The mixed liquor of tetraethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol is added dropwise, adds glycerine to stir at temperature 55-60 DEG C after completion of dropwise addition Mix 30-40 minutes;
(4)Nitric acid is added, 50-70 minutes are stirred, adds γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane to continue to stir 30- 40 minutes;
(5)It is transferred in beater after being beaten 5-10 minutes and filters, remove filter residue, is cooled to room temperature and obtains final product.
4. the preparation method of a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The step(1) Middle soak time is 35 minutes, and grinding time is 6-9 minutes.
5. the preparation method of a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The step(2) In be heated to 55 DEG C, rotating speed is 160-190r/min, and mixing time is 35-45 minutes.
6. the preparation method of a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The step(3) Middle temperature is 56-59 DEG C, and mixing time is 35 minutes.
7. the preparation method of a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The step(4) Middle first time mixing time is 55-65 minutes, and second mixing time is 35 minutes.
8. the preparation method of a kind of paper surface reinforcing agent according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The step(5) Middle beating time is 6-9 minutes.
CN201611127085.5A 2016-12-09 2016-12-09 Paper surface reinforcing agent and preparation method thereof Pending CN106638142A (en)

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CN107326735A (en) * 2017-06-30 2017-11-07 南宁东印时代广告有限公司 Paper strengthening agent

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CN104119705A (en) * 2014-06-26 2014-10-29 安徽普源分离机械制造有限公司 High-performance modified bentonite and preparation method thereof
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